Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi zimatha kutuluka mosavuta, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta m'moyo wachilengedwe womwe umakhalamo. Chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kamodzi pa sabata kuti azichita mayeso amadzi osiyanasiyana:

1. Amoni.
2. Nitrate.
3. Nitrites.
4. Mchere / Kukongola kwapadera.
5. pH
6. Carbonate kuuma kwamadzi.
7. Alkalinity.
8. Chlorine ndi Chloramine.
9. Mkuwa.
10. Phosphates
11. Mafuta okosijeni.
12. Iron ndi carbon dioxide.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugule mayeso aliwonse payokha, ndikuwonjezera kwambiri nthawi imodzi. Njira yabwino ndiyakuti mugule kuyesa kwathunthu. Ngati cheke chizikhala, zida zokwanira zimakhala zokwanira. Koma ngati chotengerachi chapangidwira moyo wapamadzi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze zida zapadera za mini. Mpaka pano, pali:

1. Zingwe zoyeserera. Kunja, kuyesaku kumawoneka ngati kamtambo kakang'ono, komwe dzina lake lidachokera, lomwe liyenera kutsitsidwa mumtsuko wamadzi kuchokera ku aquarium. Pambuyo pake, zonse zomwe zatsala ndikupanga chithunzi chofananira ndi mzere wochotsedwa m'madzi ndi mndandanda wazithunzi mu kit.
2. Mayeso amadzimadzi. Mtundu wachiwiri wa mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awone momwe madzi aliri mumadzi. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze zotsatira muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pipette kuti mutenge madontho ochepa amadzimadzi kuchokera ku kit ndi kuyiponya m'chiwiya chokonzedwa kale ndi madzi. Pambuyo pa izi, muyenera kugwedeza chombocho pang'ono ndikuchiyika kwa mphindi zingapo. Kenako zimangokhala zofanizira mtundu wamadzi omwe wapezeka ndi mtengo wowongolera kuchokera pazoyeserera.

Ndikofunika kutsindika kuti nthawi zina zimalimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza munthu wopanda chidwi kuti apeze zotsatira zoyima pawokha. Ndipo kale pamaso pake kuti achite ziyeso zonse zofunika. Ndikofunikanso kuti musamuwuze tanthauzo la mtundu winawake, koma amangofunsa za mtunduwo. Njira imeneyi ipangitsa kuti zikhale zanzeru molondola pankhani yamadzi mu aquarium.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupita patsogolo sikuyimilira ndipo zaka zochepa zapitazo zidatha kudziwa zambiri, mwachitsanzo, pH, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti mayeso ena ndi oyenera madzi abwino okha, ndipo ena amadzuwa lamadzi am'nyanja. Chifukwa chake, timakhala mwatsatanetsatane pazomwe zili m'mayeso ena.

Kuyesa Kwachitsulo (Fe)

Ponena za zikhulupiriro zolimba za ena mayeso a aquarium pamasamba azomera zamasamba, nthumwi ya kampani ya JBL, Heiko Blessin, pamsonkhano wa ogulitsa ziweto zimandisonyeza kwambiri. Adanenanso kuti pomwepo palibe amene adagula mayeso achitsulo. Kenako adaganiza zouza makasitomala kuti kuyesa kwachitsulo ndi kuyesa kwa feteleza. Monga chiwonetsero, adapangana kuti ataye feteleza mu chubu choyesera, pambuyo pake mayesowo adawonetsa kuyera kwa yankho. Zitatha izi, malonda a mayesowa adakula kwambiri. Umu ndi momwe nthano zimabadwira pakati pa asodzi am'madzi.
M'malo mwake, kuyesa kwachitsulo yosakwanira konse monga chida chodziwitsa kuchuluka kwa michere m'madzi pazomera. Mu feteleza, chitsulo chimamangidwa pang'ono kapena chokwanira ndi ma chelates olimba, omwe samalongosola molondola kuchuluka kwa chitsulo mu aquarium poyeserera kutsitsa, koma onetsetsani kupezeka kwazitsulo pazomera za m'matanthi. Ndipo chitsulo m'madzi apampopi, omwe amatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa, chifukwa kufulumira kumapezeka kwa mbewu zochepa. Ndi kuyesaku, mutha kudziwa ngati pali chitsulo m'madzi kapena ayi, monga momwe mukuyesera feteleza pamwambapa. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa chitsulo komanso kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zimapezeka, mayesowa sakulola kuti amvetsetse.

Phosphate mayeso

Ndi kuyesedwa kwa phosphate, sikuti zonse sizili bwino ngati pakuyesa kwa chitsulo, koma umboni wake uyenera kuyesedwa mosatsutsika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mayesowa amakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa ma phosphates osungunuka m'madzi. Koma ma phosphates ambiri amatha kupezeka munthaka momwe amapangira mchere wopanda madzi kapena mankhwala okhala ndi organic, omwe pazifukwa zosadziwika mayesowa sazindikira.
Kuyesedwa kwa phosphate kumatha kupereka lingaliro la zomwe zili mu phosphate pokhapokha mu malo atsopano okhala ndi dothi losakhazikika (miyala kapena mchenga wowuma). Popita nthawi, dothi limasungunuka ndipo zinthu zake za phosphate zimakulanso. Ukalamba wa m'madzi, umayamba kwambiri m'nthaka. Ubwino wa ma phosphates mu sludge ndikuti amapezeka kokha ku mizu yazomera ndipo sangathe kufalikira, monga momwe zimasungidwira phosphates m'madzi. Mwanjira imeneyi, mabakiteriya amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa cha ntchito yofunika yomwe ma phosphates amasungunuka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawadyera m'nthaka kudzera m'mizu yomera.
Vuto linanso lomwe kuyesedwa kwa phosphate kumatha kukhala kosokoneza mukamagwiritsa ntchito dothi lama michere. Dothi loterolo limatha kuyamwa ma phosphates kuchokera m'madzi, ndikumasulira kukhala mchere wopanda tanthauzo. Nthawi yomweyo, ma phosphates chifukwa cha mabakiteriya amakhalabe opezeka mizu yazomera. Kuyesa kwa phosphate kumawonetsa mfundo zosasangalatsa kapena zero.

Kusazindikira mawonekedwe a ma phosphates ofotokozedwa pamwambapa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwa zomerazi kwapangitsa kuti akatswiri ambiri am'madzi akhazikitse ma phosphates mosiyana ndi ma macroelement ena pofuna kubweretsa chidwi chawo m'madzi a aquarium mtundu wamtundu wabwino "wabwino". Chifukwa chake, mtengo "wabwino "wu udadza chifukwa chakuwunikira kolakwika kwa mapiritsi a feteleza wophatikiza (nitrate ndi phosphates). Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wa ma nitrate ndi ma phosphates amalimbikitsidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mamiligalamu pa voliyumu yamadzi mu aquarium yomwe ikufunika kuwonjezeredwa sabata limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mulingo wa phosphate wa 1 mg / l pa sabata. Koma kukula kwa mg / L kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa kukhazikika, mwachitsanzo, pamayeso omwewo a phosphate. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri ambiri am'madzi amaona molakwika kuti ndi lingaliro kuti azikhala ndi phosphates m'madzi a 1 mg / l.

Nthawi zambiri kuyesa kwa aquarium phosphate ikhoza kukhala yothandiza kwa herbalist, koma kusintha kuchuluka kwa feteleza malinga ndi momwe akuwonetsera sikuli koyenera.

Mayeso a Nitrate (NO3)

Ndi ma nitrate, palibe zinthu monga ma phosphates, chifukwa ma nitrate nthawi zonse amasungunuka m'madzi ndipo samadziunjikira m'nthaka. Kuyesedwa kungakhale kothandiza posamalira chomera cha aquarium chokhala ndi vuto limodzi - kuyesaku kuyenera kuyesedwa ndi njira yokhazikika ya nitrate kamodzi pamwezi. Choipa chachikulu cha mayeso a nitrate a wopanga aliyense ndikuti pakupita nthawi amayamba kunama. Mu labotale, kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa ma nitrate, mayankho oyesa amakonzedwa patsiku la kusanthula komanso m'masiku otsatirawa, mayankho awa samadalirika. Dontho mayeso a aquarium alengeza alumali moyo chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira, koma munthawi yonseyi satumikira pamlingo woyenera. Ngati simumayesa mayeso a nitrate, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha kuti mumvetsetse kuchuluka kwa nitrate yomwe imakhala m'madzi a aquarium kapena ayi, koma muyenera kuchita zowerengera zenizeni, mwachitsanzo, Mlingo wa feteleza.

Mayeso a Amoni / Ammonium (NH3 / NH4 +)

Chiyeso cha ammonium sichinakhazikike kwambiri kuposa mayeso a nitrate, ndipo pano popanda kuwerengera ndi yankho la ammonium mulibe nzeru kuti mugwiritse ntchito konse. Zomwe opanga mayeso ammonium sanagwire mmanja mwanga, zonsezo pambuyo poti ziwongoleredwe sizinangokhala zowonjezera kapena zowonjezera 50%, koma kwenikweni nthawi zambiri kutsutsana ndi zizindikiro zenizeni. Ngakhale mu theka loyamba la kumaliza ntchito. Ngati tirikunena za kugwiritsa ntchito mayesowa mu chomera cha aquarium, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwake (kumene kumachitika moyenerera) kumveka pokhapokha mukawonjezera milingo yayikulu ya mchere wa ammonium monga chakudya chomera. Kupatula apo, ammonia makamaka ammonia ali ndi poizoni kwambiri pazamoyo, ngakhale m'malo otsika.

Kuyesa kwa PH (acidity)

Ngakhale kuti izi ndizosavuta kuyesa kwa aquarium, ndi mtengo wa chizindikiro cha madzi acidity (pH) womwe umakhala ndi chofunikira kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa mbewu zam'madzi mu aquarium. Zomwe mulinso nitrate kapena phosphate yomwe muli nayo pazomera zam'madzi, ngati pH imakonda 8, simukuwona kukula ndi mawonekedwe ambiri a mbewu zambiri. Ili ndi vuto lofala kwambiri, makamaka m'madzi olimba. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za kupezeka kwa michere yazomera kutengera pH munkhaniyi pa Zovuta za zomera za m'madzimo. Izi ndizokwanira kufotokozera kuyesedwa kwa aquarium kumene muyenera kukhala nako.

Mayeso a KN (kuuma kwa kabati kapena michere)

Kuyesa kwa Aquarium Kuti mudziwe kuuma kwa carbonate, KH (kapena ndendende, zamchere) angakuloreni kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chomwe mumakhala ndi pH yayitali mu aquarium yanu ndi zomera. Popeza kukwera kwa KH kwamadzi, kumakweza pH yake. Wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe ali ndi mayeso a KH safunanso kuyesa kwa asidi kuti amvetsetse ngati ali ndi pH yotsika kapena yapamwamba m'madzi a aquarium. Mwachitsanzo, m'madzi okhala ndi KH ya madigiri 15, pH imakhala pamwamba 7 komanso nthawi zina yokwera kwambiri. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi mayeso a pH ndi KH, ndizotheka kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa m'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lapadera.

Kuyesa kwa GH (kuuma kwathunthu)

Ngati chomera chamadzimadzi, kuyesa kuwuma kwa madzi konse sikofunikira monga kuyesa kuuma kwa carbonate ndi pH. Monga lamulo, kuuma kwathunthu kumakhala madigiri angapo kuposa carbonate ndipo sikukhudza mtengo wa pH. Koma pamakhala zochitika zina zomwe zovuta za carbonate zikukwera kuposa zochuluka. Izi zimachitika pamene kuuma kwa kabatiate kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa sodium ndi potaziyamu m'madzi. Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti mchere wa alkalinity m'malo molimba mtima wa carbonate ndi wolondola kunena. Ndikosavuta kukhala ndi zomera za m'madzi m'madzi otere. Chifukwa chake, pochita, kuyezetsa kwa GH ndikofunikira kokha kuti muwone ngati kuchuluka kwamadzi kokwanira sikokwanira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi carbonate.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mayeso?

Palibe zovuta. Chiyeso chilichonse chimakhala ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwamadzi aku aquarium kumathiridwa mu kapu yoyezera ndipo reagent imawonjezeredwa. Chotsatira, mwina kuchuluka kwa madontho omwe adalowetsedwa mtundu usanalingaliridwe, kapena mtundu wa madzi umayerekeza ndi muyeso. Sokonekera malinga ndi matebulo, kuti mupeze ngati izi ndiye zikhalidwe kapena zopatuka.

Zoyenera kuchita atazindikira matendawa?

Ngati mayesowa adawonetsa kupatuka kwina kulikonse, ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire kuchuluka kwa madzi oyera. Zosankha momwe mungachitire izi:

1. Ngati vutoli likuvutika, mutha kuteteza madzi apampopi kwa masiku atatu.
2. Ngati mukufunikira kuchita izi mwachangu, ndiye kuti mutha kukonza mwachangu aqua ngati iyi:

• yeretsani ndi fyuluta ya m'nyumba yopanda siliva, yotenthetsera kutentha kwa aquarium, okwanira ola limodzi, kuyeza acidity ngati kuli kotheka, sinthani
• Bweretsani madziwo kwa chithupsa, kuzizira, pang'ono kwa ola limodzi.

Kenako ikani gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi amadzimadzi okonzedwa mu imodzi mwanjira izi ndi madzi mu Aquarium.

1. Tsitsimutsani madzi okhala ndi michere yapadera yogulira kuti muchepetse zosafunika zovulaza.

Mayeso osankha

Kuphatikiza pa kuyesedwa kochepera, pali mayeso owonjezera omwe msodzi wa m'madzi atha kapena sangachite momwe angafunire. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Phosphate mayeso (PO4). Zoyenera, muyenera kupeza zero. Zimatanthawuza kukhazikika ndi kukula kwokhazikika kwa mbewu. Ngati pali kuchuluka kwa phosphate, ndiye kuti algae yomweyo imayamba kukula. Ngati cholowa cha 1-2 mg / l chadutsa, ndiye kuti akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Kuyesa kwachitsulo (FE). Kutulutsa kwa 0,05-0.1 mg / l kumaonedwa kuti ndi kwabwinobwino. Ndi kuchuluka kwake, nsomba zimavutika, ndipo kukula kwazomera kumalepheretsa ndikuwononga mbewu. Kuperewera kumayambitsa chikaso cha masamba ndi chlorosis a mbewu.

Kuyesa kwa kaboni dayokisaidi (CO2). Imakhudzanso malo okhala ma chomera, komanso ngati ma grey powdery amana akuwonekera pamasamba azomera.

Mayeso amkuwa (CU). Chitsulo choopsa kwambiri chomwe chimakhala, ngakhale m'maling'onoting'ono, chimapha ma invertebrates ndikupangitsa nsomba kumva kuti sizisangalatsa. Mukhoza kukhala ndi madzi apampopi kapena ooneka ndi zokongoletsera zina ndi dothi. Sichiyenera kukhala m'madzi.

Mayeso a calcium (Cl). Zoopsa kwambiri komanso poizoni. Patsani madzi apampopi, koma osowa mukakhala masiku awiri atatuwo.

Mayeso a oxygen (O2). Kukhalapo kwake kumatengera kutentha kwa madzi (kuzizira - kwambiri, kutentha kapena mochepa). Ndizofunikira pamiyoyo ya okhala m'mudzimo komanso pakuyeretsa madzi kuchokera ku ziphe, chifukwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amadalira mpweya omwe amawononga. Osati kuchepa kwa gasiyu kokha koopsa, komanso kupitiliridwanso nayo.

Kuyesa kwa calcium (Ca). Kuchuluka kwa mchere wake kumakhudza kuuma kwa madzi. Mwachitsanzo, okhala m'madzi, ma coral, ma mollusks, akamba amafunika calcium yambiri. Ndipo kwa nsomba zina zomwe zimakhala m'madzi ofewa, kuchuluka kwake ndizovomerezeka.

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa za kulumikizana kwa magawo onse amadzi, momwe akukhudzira moyo ndi thanzi la okhala m'madzimo, momwe mungazilingalire ndikusintha, tikuyembekeza kuti ziweto zanu sizichedwa kudwala ndikufa, ndipo chosungira kwanu chidzakusangalatsani ndi chaka chake pachaka kuwona.

Kodi mayeso am'madzi a aquarium amatipatsa chiyani?

Mukamalankhula ndi a novice aquarists, mumakumana ndi kusamvetsetsa kwofunikira kwa nkhaniyi. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumvanso mawu akuti: "Kuno, palibe mayeso mumzinda wathu, ndinu wodabwitsa, nsomba zanga zikufa, ndipo mukuyesa mayesowo, mukuyesa mayeso ... Izi zisanachitike, zinali zopanda vuto ndipo sindinayese kalikonse."

Kuti tiwulule kufunikira kwa kuyang'anira magawo am'madzi a aquarium, tiyeni titembenuzire kuzomwe zili maziko a sayansi ya aquarium. Nawo mauthenga ake:

1. Aquarium ndi njira yonse, pafupifupi yotseka yakachilengedwe. Uku ndiye kulumikizana kwa zinthu zonse zachilengedwe, awa ndi mamiliyoni a njira zamankhwala ndi zodabwitsa zomwe zimachitika sekondi iliyonse mu aquarium. Mwanjira ina, Aquarium ndi yaying'ono m'nyumba mwanu!

2. Aliyense hydrobiont (nsomba, crustaceans, mollusks, zomera, mabakiteriya, bowa, ma tizilombo tina), monga zamoyo zonse, amakonda magawo ena, magawo amadzi momwe amakhala omasuka.

3. Kukula kwathunthu m'mikhalidwe yovuta sikutheka. Munthawi “yankhanza”, chamoyo chilichonse chimayamba kusintha - kukhala chofunikira. Makamaka, nsomba, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodabwitsa yotchedwa chitetezo chokwanira, imayamba "kupirira" m'chiyembekezo cha "nthawi zabwino."

4. Chitetezo cha chamoyo chilichonse sichikhala chopanda malire, chimatha. Izi zikachitika, njira zina zachilengedwe zimayambitsidwa - njira za imfa kapena "chiwonongeko cha ofoka." Thupi limataya njira zoteteza zomwe zidaloleza kukaniza kuzomera - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mafangasi ndi tizilombo tomwe timalowa ndikuwononga thupi.

Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, titha kunena kuti chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto onse amadzimadzi ndizosayenera za hydrobiont imodzi kapena ina. Si chinsinsi kuti nsomba zonse zimatha kugawidwa m'madzi ofewa (gH pansipa 7), osalowerera ndale (gH ndendende 7) ndi madzi olimba (gH pamwamba 7), "wowawasa" (pH pansipa 7) ndi alkaline (pH pamwamba 7). Za kuchuluka kwa ziphe monga ammonia, nitrites ndi nitrate ambiri sangathe kuyankhula.

Vuto la "aquarium" likadzachitika - nsomba zimadwala, chinthu choyamba ndikuwunika madzi kuti agwirizane ndi "miyezo" yake. Komanso, popanda "kukonza madzi" ndizosatheka kuchitira chithandizo chilichonse.Pobweretsa mankhwala pazisumbu zambiri: NH3 / NH4, NO2, NO3 - mutha kupha nsomba pamtundu, sangathe kuyimitsa mankhwalawo ndi ziphe.

Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayitali ya oyang'anira nyanja yam'madzi ndikusunga magawo oyenera amadzi - iyi ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri! Ichi ndichifukwa chake timafunikiradi kuyesedwa kwamadzi a aquarium!

Kodi izi pamwambazi zikutanthauza kuti msodzi panyumba akuyenera kuyika labotale yonse ndikuthamanga ngati waluma ndi mizere yoyesa, ma cones ndi machubu oyesera? Inde sichoncho. Choyamba, chifukwa "aquarium wathanzi" nthawi zonse imawoneka - ilibe mawonekedwe, algae, saprophytic mucus, etc. Kachiwiri, atayesa kale madzi am'madzi ndi kuchokera pampopi, wamasamadzi amadziwa kale kuchuluka komwe adzakhale nako. Chachitatu, kuyezetsa madzi kumachitika ngati ndizofunikira - nthawi ndi nthawi, osati tsiku lililonse. Chachinayi, kulongedza mayeso kumaphatikizapo kuyesa kambiri, i.e. mutagula nthawi, zidzakhala zokhazikika kwa inu.

Ndipo chinthu chomaliza chomwe ndikufuna kutsimikiza - ndi cha oyambitsa zankhondo, mukamayambitsa aquarium, mayeso amafunikira! Izi ndichifukwa choti m'mwezi woyamba pali "kucha kwa m'madzimo", monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Makina osasunthika omwe ali osakhazikika m'mwezi woyamba ndi osakhazikika chifukwa chake amafunika "kuyang'aniridwa", makamaka kwaoyambitsa!

Kodi mayeso amadzi am'madzi ndi ati? Chomwe ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito?

Mitundu yotsatirayi yoyesa ilipo:

- mayeso amagetsi, zida zoyesera madzi.

Tiyeni tiwayang'anire pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Tetra.

Mizere yoyesera ya Aquarium

Strip mayeso amazindikira magawo a madzi: nitrites, nitrate, kuuma, acidity ndi chlorine. Chomwe ndi kuphatikiza - kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, mukungofunika kuchepetsa mzere wamadzi, kenako yerekezerani mtundu wa "zomwe zikugwirizana" ndi zomwe zikuphatikizika ndikupeza zotsatira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotsika mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri zitha kugulidwa pamasitolo ogulitsa nyama. Kodi opanda - alibe zolondola, kuyesa kwa mzere kumangopereka mtengo wongoyerekeza, ndiye kuti simudzalandira manambala enieni. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mizere yoyesera ya ammonia sinatsimikizidwe, ndipo ndikofunikira, kumverera kwa mizere yoyesa kwa ma nitrites kuchokera 1 mg / l, pomwe pazofunikira kwambiri zovomerezeka za NO2 ndi 0.2 mg / l, ndiye kuti, palibe gradation yochokera 0 mpaka 1. Mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kunena kuti Tetra ali ndi mizere yoyeserera ya ammonia.

Zingwe zoyeserera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe momwe zilili mzere wonsewo. Osachotsera, koma nthawi yomweyo muyenera kumvetsetsa misonkhano yawo.

Kugwetsa mayeso amadzi a aquarium

Zolondola kwambiri. Chomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chofanana ndi chingwe choyesa, pokhapokha ngati kutsimikiza kwazomwe zimachitika ndi mtundu wamadzi, poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa sikelo. Pa mayeso aliwonsewo pamakhala malangizo atsatanetsatane, kotero sitidzapita mwatsatanetsatane wazinthu zonse zomwe zimachitika mukamayesa madzi a aquarium kudzera mayeso a dontho. Dziwani kuti mayesowa ndiwotchuka kwambiri komanso ovomerezeka - kuphatikiza mtengo ndi mtundu.

Kuyesa kwa dontho kwa gawo limodzi kapena lina lamadzi limagulitsidwa palokha komanso m'misewu, zomwe zimapatsa zosankha zam'madzi. Koma, mwina, loto la aquarist aliyense ndi masutikesi oyesa mayeso am'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, Tetra WaterTest Set Plus. Ndi pomwe pali kuyenda mu moyo wa aquarium!

Mayeso am'madzi amadzimadzi

Pali zida zingapo zomwe zimafotokozera gawo limodzi la madzi. Ena mwa iwo ndi okwera mtengo ndipo kugula kwawo sikuli koyenera. Koma palinso zotsika mtengo, mwachitsanzo, chowonera cha elektroniki pH, chomwe chitha kugulidwa ku malo aliwonse achi China (ali-Express). Chipangizocho ndichizindikiro zamagetsi, chofanana ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake ndi "chikhomo". Kuti muigwiritse ntchito, mumangofunika kuyika mabatire, kuyika calibrate (nthawi ndi nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amadzimadzi) kenako ndikungotsitsa chipangizocho mu kapu yamadzi a aquarium. Zowonetsera digito zidzapereka zotsatira.

Mwachidule, tikupangira kuti mayeso a kugula kwa ma novice a aquarist, makamaka mayeso a zinthu za ammonia:NH3/NH4,AYI2,AYI3, kachiwiripHndiGh.

Mayeso ena onse ndiofunikanso, koma kufunikira kwawo pazifukwa zingapo sikofunikira.

Cl - kuchuluka kwa chlorine m'madzi kuyenera kukhala zero. Zochepa zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi ndizakufa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timateteza madzi kuti chlorine isanduke madzi am'mpopi.

CO2 - Kuphatikizika kwa kaboni dayokisaidi m'madzi. Phula lomwe ndilofunikira kuma aquariums omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwazomera ndi azitsamba. CO2 ndi feteleza; kuchokera pamenepo, nthawi ya photosynthesis, mbewu zimatenga kaboni (C), chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri pakumanga thupi la mbewu. Ponena za CO2, ndikofunikira kutchula "kuyesa nthawi" ngati kotsikira, komwe kumatsimikiza kukwana kwa kaboni dayokisa mu aquarium yomwe ili ndi mbewu. Onani zambiri - PANO.

O2 - kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu aquarium ayenera kukhala 0,5 mg / l. Mtengo wake ndiwongoyerekeza chifukwa ma aquariamu onse ndi osiyana. Kuperewera kwa mpweya wokwanira m'madzi kumatha kutsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi nsomba. Amameza mpweya mwachidwi pamadziwo ndikupumira kwambiri, ndizosatheka kuti tisazindikire. Pazonse, zitha kunenedwa kuti O2 ndi chisonyezo chofunikira ndipo palibe kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu aquarium, nthawi zambiri zolakwika zoyambira zimayambitsa kutsutsana - kusakhalapo. Onani nkhani kuti mumve zambiri. "Mbadwo wam'madzi".

Fe - kuyesa kwa kuyika kwa chitsulo mu aquarium, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali azitsamba. Iron ndi feteleza wocheperako wa mbewu;

Po4 - The kuchuluka kwa phosphates amayeza nawonso herbalists. Popeza chiŵerengero cha pH mpaka NO3 ndikofunikira pama aquariums ngati amenewa. M'mizinda yopanda mbewu, zipatso za phosphate ziyenera kukhala ziro,

Ca - kuchuluka kwa calcium, nthawi zambiri mumayezedwa m'madzi am'madzi,

Cu - ndende yamkuwa. Poizoni wa invertebrate ndi nsomba zowawa, komanso umuna wamanyowa wazomera zam'mera zamadzimadzi,

Vidiyo Yoyesa Madzi a Aquarium

Chifukwa chiyani tikufunika mayeso amadzimo?

Matenda ambiri am'madzi am'madzi amayamba chifukwa cha madzi abwino. Chifukwa chakuti nyama zimayenera kupirira zoperewera za nitrate, nitrites ndi ammonia, matupi awo amayamba kufooka ndikukhala pachiwopsezo. Matenda omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa ayambanso kulimba, chifukwa m'malo okhala bwino nsomba zimadwalanso. Kuti muchotse izi, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'madzi. Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ammonia, nitrites, nitrate, chlorine, kuuma kapena acidity, etc., ndikofunikira kuyesa kuyesa kwa aquarium.

Mitundu ya mayeso

Masiku ano pali mitundu ingapo:

1. Zingwe zoyeserera. Njira yosavuta komanso yachangu kwambiri yosakira madzi. Mzere umatsitsidwa mu aquarium, kenako chisonyezo chomwe chikupezeka mu mtundu wa chizindikirocho chimayang'anidwa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwake. Amakhala otsika mtengo ndipo amapezeka pafupi ndi malo alionse ogulitsa ziweto. Komabe, palinso zovuta. Kuyesedwa koteroko kwamadzi mu aquarium kumangopereka pafupifupi mtengo wake. Kuphatikiza apo, ma nsapato sazindikira kuchuluka kwa ammonia,

2. Kuyesa kwa Drip. Amawonetsa zotsatira zoyenera kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatengedwa ngati mayeso abwino kwambiri amadzi. Bokosi limakhala ndi ma reagents ndi sikelo yodziwira zotsatira zake. Wosolemba pamadzi adzafunika kusakaniza madzi ochokera ku aquarium ndi reagent m'njira zina kuti apange utoto womaliza. Gawo lirilonse limakhala ndi zake reagent komanso muyeso wake. Ngakhale zili zolondola komanso zosavuta, mayeso am'madzi ndi otchipa.

3. Mayeso amagetsi. Monga lamulo, zida zamagetsi zothandizira kudziwa magawo amadzi ndiokwera mtengo. Koma aliyense wam'madzi amatha kugula umboni wa pH. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikosavuta - ingolinganiza madzi amadzimadzi ndikutsitsa mu aquarium, kuyika chizindikiritso pazowonetsa digito.

Ndimayeso ati omwe amachitika?

Kuyesa Kwachitsulo (Fe)

Kupezeka kwachitsulo m'madzi ndikofunikira kwa chilengedwe chazinyama. Ndi kuchepa kwake, mtundu wake, mawonekedwe ake ndi momwe zimawonongeka, masamba ndi zimayambira zimafa, mtunduwo umatayika. Zotsatira za mayesowa zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe amafunikira kuti awonjezere zinthu zina powonjezera feteleza m'madzi.

Amoniia NH3 / Nh4

Amonia ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomaliza zomanga thupi za mapuloteni mu ziweto, zomwe zimabisidwa m'matumbo ndi impso. Zakudya za protein zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa ammonia mu aquarium. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsalira za chakudya chosadziwika zimakhalabe zowola m'madzi, kuwola ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ammonia.

Amoni chifukwa cha nsomba ndi poyizoni yemwe amawononga, choyambirira, gill. Kuzindikira kumawonekera pakutha kapena kusadetsa mtundu wa nsomba, kuchuluka kwa ntchofu pakhungu, kusowa kudya, kusayenda, kupuma kwambiri komanso kutaya magazi pafupi ndi zipsepse. Ngati pali chimodzi mwazizindikirozi, muyenera kuchita mayeso a aquarium ammonia nthawi yomweyo.

Kuuma kwathunthu GH

Kuyesa kwa kuuma kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa calcium ndi magnesium ions. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chizindikiro ichi, chifukwa nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zatsopano zimakonda madzi ofewa. Mulingo wabwinoko uzikhala pakati pa 5-20 dGH.

Kuuma kwa Carbonate KN

Imodzi mwa magawo am'madzi abwino a zomera ndi nyama. Mosiyana ndi kuuma kwambiri, carbonate imawonetsa kukhalapo kwa calcium ndi magnesium carbonates. Chizindikiro ichi chimalepheretsa kudumpha mu acidity, chifukwa chake chimatchedwanso chizindikiro cha alkalinity. Mtengo wabwinobwino wamadzi am'madzi oyera ali mkati mwa 3-6 KN.

PH acidity

Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikizidwa kwachilengedwe cham'madzi. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pamadzi amchere oyera zimachokera ku 6.0 mpaka 8,0 pH, komanso m'malo am'madzi azitsamba mkati 6.0-7.0 pH. Kuti akhalebe oyenera kwambiri, mwini wake amayenera kuyeza acidity pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso sabata iliyonse. Izi zimachitika makamaka ndikasamutsa nsomba kuchokera ku thanki ina kupita ina, chifukwa kulumpha kwakuthwa mu pH kumatha kupha ziweto.

Nitrite NO2

Kuphatikiza pa ammonia, pakhoza kukhala zowonjezera za nitrite m'madzi. Ndi mankhwala opanga ammonia ndi mabakiteriya apadera. M'tsogolomu, nitrites imakonzedwanso ndi mabakiteriya kukhala ma nitrate otetezeka, komabe, izi zimatenga nthawi, zomwe sizingakhale ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a nitrite.

Mankhwalawa ndi oopsa kwambiri, ndipo pakumapeto kwa 0,2 mg pa lita imodzi yamadzi, ziweto zimafooka ndikuyamba kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuti muwone kuyang'anitsitsa, kuyesedwa kwa aquarium kumafunikanso.

NO3 nitrate

Ma nitrate ndi omwe amapanga makina a nitrite mabakiteriya. Kuchuluka kwa nitrate kumapangitsa kuti algae ikule kwambiri. Amakhalanso oopsa kwa nsomba zina, shrimp ndi nkhono.

Chlorine Cl

Kuti madzi akhale otetezeka kwa ziweto, kuchuluka kwa chlorine kuyenera kukhala 0. Zomwe zili zokhazo zitha kupitilizidwa pokhapokha ngati wam'madzi atathira madzi mu tank.

CO2 ndende

CO2 ndiyofunikira pamasamba a aquarium. Ndikothekera kukhutiritsa madzi ndi kaboni dayokosi kokha mwanjira yochita kupanga, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umalandiridwa kuchokera ku ziweto sukwaniritsidwa. Komanso, m'madzi okhala ndi CO2 yotsika, acidity imachuluka, zomwe zimadetsa zomera. Chifukwa chake, ngati wasitikali wa m'madzi ataona kuti mbewuzo zasiya kukula ndikuyamba kufota, gawo loyamba ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa m'madzi.

Mpweya wa O2

Mpweya wabwino ndi wofunikira pazamoyo zonse, kaya akhale kuti - pamtunda kapena pansi pa madzi. Popanda okosijeni, nsomba ndi ziweto zina zitha kufa mwachangu chifukwa chokwanira. Vuto lakufa ndi njala ya oxygen, monga lamulo, ndiye mwini wake, yemwe sanapatse nsomba zam'madzi zambiri, komanso compressor ndi sprayer.

Zizindikiro za kukhutitsidwa ndi izi:

• Kukhala maola 24 pamwambapa ndikuwongolera mpweya wamlengalenga,
• Kusunthika kwamphamvu kwa kupuma,
• Mtundu wopera, ulesi.

Pazizindikiro zoyambirira, pampu kapena compressor iyenera kuyikika nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa nsomba sizingakhale ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali ndizokhala ndi mpweya wochepa m'madzi, makamaka ngati kupendekera kumapitilira kugwa.

Phosphates PO4

Monga nitrate, ndi chinthu chomwe chimatengeka mwachidwi ndi zomera zam'madzi. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, mbewu sizingathe kupirira. Potere, algae apulumutsa, omwe amatulutsa bwino malo abwino. Ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphates, amadyera amawonedwa pamakoma a aquarium. Komanso madzi amatenga tint yobiriwira. Kuti izi zisachitike, ndikofunikira kuchititsa mayeso pafupipafupi, chifukwa kuyesetsa kuthana ndi algae ndikovuta kwambiri kuposa kuletsa kubereka kwawo.

Copper Cu

Chimodzi mwazitsulo zovuta kwambiri komanso zapoizoni pazamoyo zam'madzi. Ngakhale izi, mkuwa ndi gawo lamankhwala ambiri a nsomba. Mlingo wapakati, umavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi thupi, komabe, mchere wamkuwa umakhala woopsa kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwawo kumachuluka m'madzi ofewa ndipo m'nthawi yochepa, mkuwa umatha kupha anthu osakhalamo ndi mabacteria opindulitsa. Imadziunjikira masamba a mbewu. Kenako amada ndi kufa. Nsomba zimalekerera poizoni bwino, koma ngakhale ndi waukulu Mlingo, ziwalo zopumira zimakhudzidwa.

Magnesium Mg

Popanda ma microelement awa, njira zachilengedwe monga photosynthesis, kusinthanitsa mphamvu ndizosatheka. Pamodzi ndi zinthu zina, magnesium imapereka kachulukidwe kofunika ka madzi am'nyanja. Zamoyo zina zimatha kudziunjikira magnesium mu minofu, ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati mafupa. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi algae.

Ndi zida zoyesera ziti zomwe woyambira wazam'madzi akufunika?

Wofalitsa ukadaulo wosamalira nyama amatenga ziweto zake mozama. Pankhaniyi, simungachite popanda mayeso wamba, omwe amaphatikizapo mayeso ofunikira ku aquarium, monga:

• Kuzunzidwa kwa Amoni
• Nitrate
• Nitrite,
• Phosphates

Momwe mungachite mayeso?

Kuyesedwa kwamadzi mu aquarium kumachitika kawiri - madzi asanasinthe ndi maola 5-6 atatha. Njira iyi imveketsa bwino momwe mawonekedwe oyambira anali komanso ngati adasinthiratu atachotsa madzi. Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zikuyenda bwino ndipo palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa.

Musanayambe kumwa madzi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti madzi omwe ali mu thankiyo ndi osakanikirana. Kuperewera kwa kusefedwa kwamphamvu kumatha kusakaniza madzi, kotero mawonekedwe ake m'magawo osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana. Zomwezi zidzachitikanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana (usiku, popanda kuwunikira, zomera zam'madzi zimatha kusintha pH yamadzi. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa koyamba kuyenera kuchitika madzulo, ndipo chachiwiri m'mawa.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa mawonekedwe a gawo linalake, ndiye kuti muyenera kuzimitsa fyuluta ndikuchotsa mwayi wosakanikirana. Kudya kwamadzi kumachitika bwino ndi syringe kapena mpweya chubu.

Kodi nkhaniyo inali yothandiza motani?

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Nthawi yabwino yoyamba kuyesa madzi ndi iti?

Monga lamulo, ndibwino kuti muyambe kuyesa madzi musanagule aquarium. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwa onse oyamba komanso akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamadzi am'madzi, chifukwa chitha kudzilola kudziunjikira chuma chambiri komanso luso kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala magawo ena osungira. Kumbukirani kuti chilengedwe komanso madzi am'madzi ndizofunikira kwambiri nsomba.

Ndiye chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugula nsomba zawo zoyambirira, zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta m'madzi apampopi, omwe magawo ake amatha kuyang'anitsitsa mosavuta pogula mayeso ofunikira. Koma dziwani kuti kuyesa kulikonse kumapangidwa kuti kuyesa zinthu zovulaza zokha.

Njira wowerengeka yogwiritsa ntchito vodka.

Ngati simupita ku sayansi, tanthauzo la njirayi ndikuti vodka mu aquarium imakwiyitsa kukula kwama bacteria opindulitsa omwe amachotsa nitrate kuchokera ku aquarium. Koma njirayi ndi yoyenera kwambiri m'mizinda yamchere yamchere. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuwerengera mosamalitsa omwe ali otetezeka kwa nsomba komanso nthawi yomweyo othandiza kuti achepetse nitrate. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusiya njira iyi kwa akatswiri. Ndipo bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito ngati madzi oyenerera ali abwino komanso otetezeka kwa anthu okhala m'madzi anu.

Kuyesa kwa kudziwa mulingo wa ammonia

Choyamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chinthu ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha nyama zapamadzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa chakudya chomwe chatsala. Amoni ndilimodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'malo otentha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zagululi sizikhala zofanana.

Kuyesa kwa calcium

Kuyesedwa kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa calcium m'madzi am'madzi kumayenera kuchitidwa makamaka m'madzi amadzala ndi madzi am'nyanja. Makamaka m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poberekera miyala yamiyala yamakorali ndi zizindikilo zawo. Kumbukirani kuti kuyesedwa uku sikukuyeneranso kugwiridwa. Ndipo mulingo wake sayenera kuchoka pa 380-450 ppm.

Yesani kuti mupeze kuwuma kwamadzi kwathunthu

Popeza magawo osiyanasiyana a nthaka ndi madzi, sizodabwitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mchere wa potaziyamu mwa iwo ndi kosiyana pang'ono. Ndipo, monga mukudziwa, ambiri amchere awa ndi ma carbonates, omwe amakhudza mwachindunji moyo wa nsomba zonse zam'madzi. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wouma wa ma kaboni uyenera kukhala 3-15 ° d.

Chloramine Aquarium Kuyesa Kwamadzi

Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa ammonia ndi chlorine. Kuphatikiza apo, chloramine siothandiza kwenikweni kuposa mankhwala a chlorine, komanso chifukwa cha kupha kwake kwakakulu mankhwala opatsa mphamvu imapilira bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti zisawonongeke nsomba, phindu lake liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi 0. Chimodzimodzi pa chlorine.

Mayeso amkuwa

Popeza chinthuchi ndi cha zitsulo zolemera, kuchuluka kwa maimidwe ake kuchokera m'mapaipi amadzi opangidwa ndi mkuwa kulowa m'madzi ndiokwera kwambiri. Komanso mu aquarium, mankhwalawa amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, omwe ndi gawo lawo. Kumbukirani kuti mkuwa ndivulaza kwambiri kwa zamoyo zonse zolembedwapo.

Mayeso a Iodini

Kuyesedwa kotere kumakhala kofunikira kwa zombo zonse zodzazidwa ndi madzi am'nyanja komanso zokhala ndi coral kapena zolengedwa zam'madzi. Monga lamulo, ayodini wa ziweto zoterezi ndi gawo limodzi la moyo wathanzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake simuyenera kuloleza kusapezeka kwake mu aquarium. Chokhacho chomwe mukufunikira ndikuwunika momwe adakumana ndi.

Mayeso a Magnesium

Mayeserowa ndi ofunikira kumadzi amchere amchere. Chifukwa chake, kuti tipeze zinthu pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kusungitsa gawo la magnesium kuyambira 1200 mpaka 1500 mg / l. Kumbukiraninso kuti tsiku lililonse kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumakhala kochepa, ndiye kuti muyenera kudzikonzanso. Koma osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala powonjezera.

Kuyesa kwa Nitrite

Mothandizidwa ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, ammonia m'madzi a aquarium amasintha kukhala nitrite. Monga lamulo, muzosungidwa zomwe zapezeka kumene, mulingo wa chinthucho umachulukirachulukira. Ndipo njira yokhayo yoletsera kukula kwa zoterezi ndikusintha kwamadzi nthawi zonse. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mothandizidwa ndi mabakiteriya onse omwewo, nitrites amasintha kukhala ma nitrate. Poganizira kuwopsa kwa chinthu ichi, kuchuluka kwawo sikuyenera kupitilira mtengo wofanana ndi 0.

Kudziwitsa za pH yamadzi

Kuyeza kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa zamchere kapena acidity. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala magawo 14, pomwe 0-6 ndi sing'anga ndi acidity yotsika. Kuyambira 7 mpaka 13 satenga nawo mbali. Ndipo motero 14 ndi zamchere.

Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusamala kwambiri mukamasula nsomba zogulidwa m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa madzi omwe angotulutsidwa kumene amathanso kukweza kapena kutsitsa kiwango cha pH, chomwe chimaphwanya kwambiri microclimate yokhazikitsidwa. Ndikofunikanso kwambiri kusungira mu dziwe limodzi lokha lomwe limafunanso mulingo wa pH womwewo.

Kuyesa kwa Phosphate

Zinthuzi zimalowa mchombo cham'madzi opopera, zotsalira zomwe sizinadziwike kapena zina zakufa zamasamba. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa phosphate mu aquarium kumapangitsa kukula kwachule, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri kukula kwa, mwachitsanzo, matanthwe. Kuti muchotse izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwamadzi kawirikawiri ndi zida zapadera m'misika yama pet. Mulingo wawo wovomerezeka m'madzi oyera suyenera kupitirira 1.0 mg / L.

Mayeso Ammonium

Monga tanena kale, pa nthawi ya kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala za anthu okhala m'malo okumba, zotsalira za chakudya ndi mbali zakufa zamasamba, zinthu monga nitrites kapena nitrate zimawonekera. Izi sizokhazokha. Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti ndizolondola ndi kuchuluka kwa ammonia komwe titha kutsimikiza momwe chilengedwe chonse cha aquarium chimathandizira.

Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, padziwe losungidwa bwino, kuchuluka kwa chinthuchi kuli kochepa, chifukwa nthawi yokhazikika ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomera ndipo sizikuwopseza nsomba. Koma zonse zimasintha kwambiri ngati mulingo wa ammonium ukuwonjezeka kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti phindu lake lalikulu silidutsa 0,25 mg / L NH4.

Zokoma

Mchere umatanthauzanso kukula kwa mchere wosungunuka, womwe ungathe kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito hydrometer kapena Refractometer. Ndipo ngakhale chomalizachi ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma kulondola kwake kwakukwanira kwathunthu chifukwa cha izi, popeza popanda kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi mu nyanja, simuyenera kuganiza za kusunga nsomba zomwe zimakonda chilengedwe.

Mphamvu yapadera

Ubwino wa kachulukidwe ka madzi am'nyanja amasungunuka mu mchere mokhudza zomwe zili m'madzi atsopano amatchedwa mphamvu yokoka. Mwanjira ina, kupezeka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'madzi oyera ndi kochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe kumakhala madzi amchere. Ndipo njira yodziwira mphamvu yokoka yofunikira ndi cholinga chowonetsa kusiyana pakati pa madzi atsopano ndi amchere.

Zotsatira!

Nitrate osapha ngati ammonia kapena nitrites. Koma kuchepa kwawo kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto monga kufooka kwa chitetezo cham'madzi ndi kukula kwa msamba wa algae mu aquarium. Ndipo popeza ali kumapeto kwa gawo la nayitrogeni, kuchepa m'magawo awiri oyamba kungayambitse kuchepa nitrate

. Mwanjira ina, khalani ndi mayeso pafupipafupi ndikuyang'anitsitsa mulingo wa mankhwala omwe ali mu aquarium.

Momwe mungapangire madzi mu aquarium?

Madzi a nsomba ndiosafunika kwenikweni ngati mpweya kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mwachidwi kudzazidwa kwa chosungira chakumaso, popeza zonse ziwirizo zomwe moyo umakhala ndi nsomba ndi thanzi lawo zimatengera izi, chifukwa chake, tisanasinthe madzi, ndikofunikira kuteteza pang'ono. Ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, zokutidwa ndi gauze pamwamba. Kumbukirani kuti ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zidebe zamagalasi. Madzi atakhazikika pang'ono, muyenera kumasefa ndi chidebe choyera komanso chidutswa cha gauze.

Timathira madzi okhazikika mu chidebe chatsopano kudzera mu cheesecloth yopindidwa kangapo ndikuyika muchotsekeracho kachidutswa kakang'ono ka peat popanda zodetsa. Kenako, siyani chimbudzi kwa masiku awiri mpaka madzi atapeza amber hue. Ndipo pambuyo pake timadzaza ndi aquarium. Monga mukuwonera, ntchito yokonzekera madzi sikuti imangokhala ndi zovuta zilizonse, komanso sizitenga nthawi yochulukirapo.

Malingaliro ndi malire NO3

Ma aquarists ambiri amalimbikitsa kusunga nitrate wambiri mkati mwa 20-30 mg / l.

Nthawi yomweyo, kwa ena okhala ndi chidwi, ndizofunikira kuchepetsa chiwonetsero ichi mpaka mulingo wa 15-20 mg / l. Mtengo wokwanira wa chinthu ichi ndi 40 mg / l.

Kupatuka kulikonse kuzisonyezo zokhazikika kutengera mphamvu ya anthu okhala pamalopo kungathe kuwononga thanzi lawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira,
• Kuchepetsa kukula kwawo,
• ulesi,
• kuwonongeka kwa maonekedwe (mawonekedwe akuwala, mawonekedwe a mawanga),
• kuthetsa kufalikira,
• zotsatira zakupha.

Ichi ndi chiyani

Kuuma kwamadzi kumamveka kuti kumatanthauza zamchere zamchere zapadziko lapansi, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa "mchere wovuta" - awa makamaka ndi calcium ndi magnesium. Mlozo wakuuma umakhudzidwanso ndi beryllium, barium, strontium, radium ndi unbinyl. Chifukwa chake, mchere wambiri wosungunuka umapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala ovuta komanso ochepa.

Pazinthu zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi, kukhazikika ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa acidity.. Udindo wake ndiwovuta kuudziwa bwino:

• Magnesium ndi mchere wamchere amaphatikizidwa pakupanga mafupa am'madzi,
• Mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa chipolopolo cha crustaceans ndi mollusks zimatengera kuchuluka kwawo.
• Kukula kwamtundu kumatengera kuuma
• Amapereka kukula kwabwinobwino kwa mbewu ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kwawo kwa michere.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti poyamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu ndi zinyama imafunikira mtundu wina wokhwima. Kachiwiri, zolengedwa zamunthu payekha zimamwa calcium, motero pakapita nthawi kuchuluka kwake kumachepa, ndipo muyenera kuzisamalira pa mulingo umodzi (kapena pafupifupi).
Kukula kwamadzi mu aquarium kukuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi zofananira zofananira zachilengedwe zamtundu uliwonse.