Mwala wa bakha ndi wa banja la bakha, umakhala mtundu womwe mumakhala mtundu umodzi. Dera lokhalamo zanyengo limazungulira kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Siberia kuchokera ku Baikal ndi Lena kupita ku Arctic Circle ndi Far East, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa North America, Iceland, ndi Greenland. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasamukira ku Atlantic ndi Pacific. Magulu osiyana a mbalame amapezeka ku Western Europe. Ku Iceland ndi ku Southern Greenland, gawo lamiyala yamiyala imakhala moyo wongokhala. Nthawi yakuswa, mbalamezi zimasankha malo okwezeka komanso chisa pafupi ndi mitsinje. M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe amasungidwa.

Mawonekedwe

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 36-51. Misa ndi 450-680 g. Amuna ali ndi zowuluka zakuda zokhala ndi mbali zachifuwa. Pali mawanga oyera pamutu pafupi ndi maso. Mzere wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga a mgoza m'mbali umathamangira pamwamba pamutu. Khosi limakhala lakuda, m'munsi mwake muli chingwe choyera ngati kolala. Mchirawo ndi wakuda, wautali komanso wakuthwa. Bill ndi wamtambo wamtambo, wamtambo. Mwa akazi, maula ndi ofiira. Pali malo oyera atatu pamutu. Pali gawo loyera kumbuyo kwa diso lililonse. Mwambiri, zazikazi zimawoneka zowoneka bwino kuposa amuna.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kamenushki amawulukira ku malo okonzera bakha kumapeto kwa Meyi, koyambirira kwa June kale awiriawiri. Zingwe zimakonzedwa pansi pafupi ndi mitsinje yokhala ndi mayendedwe othamanga pansi pa msondodzi, mitsitsi, malo okuta pang'ono, m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mtunda wopita kumadzi saposa mita imodzi. Palibiretu chisa m'chisa. Pali zochepa zochepa chabe za fluff. Mu clutch, pali mazira atatu a njovu.

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 28-30. Akapaka amphaka, wamkazi amawatsogolera kumadzi. Ana oyamwa amaima pamapiko pamwezi wachiwiri wamoyo. Mu Seputembala, mbalame zimasiya malo awo okhala. Kukula kumachitika mchaka cha 2 cha moyo. Amuna amatenga chovala chokwanira chaukwati mchaka cha 3 cha moyo. M'tchire, mwala woyesayo umakhala zaka 12 mpaka 14.

Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino

Ma Drake achoka m'malo awo akumapeto kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June. Poyembekezera kusungunuka, amabwera kunyanja ali m'gulu la zoweta. Kutentha kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Akazi amayimba pambuyo poti ana awo akhala ndi mapiko. Molt wachiwiri, pomwe amuna amakhala ndi chovala chokomera, chimachitika m'malo achisanu. Nthawi yomweyo, achinyamata molt. Ndipo molt wake wotsatira umachitika m'chilimwe. Pachaka chachiwiri cha moyo yophukira, madontho achichepere amatenga ma plumage pafupi ndi munthu wamkulu, ndipo wamkulu bwino amalandila ma plumage m'dzinja pachaka cha 3 cha moyo.

Mbalamezi zimayenda bwino. Zowonjezerazo ndizosalala komanso zowondera, motero mumapeza mpweya wambiri mkati mwake. Zimathandizira kutentha m'madzi ozizira komanso zimathandiza kuti nyama zizisangalala: mbalame zitadumphira m'madzi, ngati nkhumba. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi ma bollus, crustaceans, tizilombo, tating'ono nsomba. Bakha zazing'ono zazing'ono zimawulukira pansi pamadzi mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Amakuwa mofuula komanso mwakachetechete. Anthu amtundu wakumpoto sagwira mbalame zokongola izi, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ndi mizimu ya ana omwe amira m'madzi. Kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi ndikotsika. Ali pangozi.

Habitat ndi zakudya

Mwala wamba umapezeka ku North-Eastern Siberia, North East, North-West America, Greenland, Iceland ndipo umakhala m'malo okwera, makamaka mitsinje ya dera lamapiri. Mwambiri, mwala wawung'ono ndi mbalame yosamukira. Nyanjayi imakhala pachilumba cha Pacific ndi Atlantic, chomwe chili kumwera kwa malo okhala zanyanjayo, nthawi yozizira imakhala kunyanja. Kamenushki adumphira m'madzi mwangwiro, osachita mantha ndi mafunde. Kuphatikiza apo, abakha awa amatha kuwonekedwa ndendende m'mphepete mwa nyanja, momwe nthawi zambiri amasaka chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalamezi zimasambira moyandikana kwambiri mpaka matupi awo amakhudza. Pamadzi, miyala imakhala pamwamba, ndikukweza mchira wake, ndipo ngati pangafunike, imanyamuka mwachangu.

Amadyetsa nyama zokhala ngati crustaceans, mollusks, zotsalira za nsomba zazing'ono, echinoderms, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake (ntchentche za caddis, ntchentche, nsikidzi zamadzi ndi nsikidzi). Amapeza chakudya pomasenda pambuyo pake.

Kuyesa

Kukhwima pamiyala kumiyala sikuchitika kale kuposa chaka chachiwiri cha moyo (pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu), ndipo chovala chamtundu wathunthu chimangofika chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Chaka choyamba mbalame zimakhala m'masukulu omwe ali pagombe. Amawulukira kumadera ogawanika, akumagawika awiriawiri. Ku Anadyr, amakumana awiriawiri m'masiku oyamba atangofika (Juni 5-6), ngakhale ndi akazi ena amakhala ndi amuna awiri. Drake zamakono zimayandama ndi mabere otuluka, mapiko ake amafalikira pang'ono ndikutsitsidwa. Amagwira mitu yawo kuti iponyedwe kumbuyo ndi milomo yawo yotseguka, kenako ndikuigwetsa patsogolo, ndikupfuula ngati "gi-ek." Akazi amayankha pafupifupi mawu amodzimodzi a "gi-ak."

Nesting ndi kuswana

Kamenushki chisa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri yokhala ndi mafunde othamanga, mafunde ndi mabanki amwala, ku Kamchatka, mpaka 400-500 m. at. Ku Siberia, kum'mwera kwa masanjidwe, kumanga kumayambira theka zoyambirira za June. Zamoyo za nesting ku Russia sizikudziwika konse. Ku Iceland, zisa zimakhala pansi paminga, ndere ndi msipu, kapena pansi pa udzu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwana mita imodzi kuchokera kumtsinje wowoneka bwino. Iwo alibe pafupifupi zingwe, kupatula zochepa fluff. Ku kontinenti yaku America, miyala imamangidwa zisa nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi madzi, m'nthaka yosasinthika, nthawi zambiri pamiyala kapena pansi pa udzu ndi tchire. Pakapangidwa miyala, pali mazira atatu mpaka atatu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, bakulu kakang'ono kameneka kamanyamula mazira omwe amafanana ndi nkhuku. Kuganiza kwachilengedwe ndikosavuta: kukulira dzira, yokulirapo imayamwa, motero, imakula msanga, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri nyengo yachilimwe ya ku Siberia. Yaikazi imalowetsa mazira kwa masiku 27- 29, pomwe amuna nthawi imeneyi amateteza chisa, koma mtsogolo musatenge nawo gawo posamalira ana. Akapolo awo akamabisala ndi kuwuma, mkaziyo amawatsogolera kumtsinje. Anapiyewo amakhala ndi mwayi wouluka ali ndi milungu isanu ndi umodzi ndi isanu, ndipo mu Seputembala miyala imasiya malo awo okhala.

Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, madambwe akuluakulu amapezeka m'malo a chisa ndikuwonekera kunyanja, komwe amasonkhana m'magulu, nthawi zina kuphatikiza ndi gulu la mbalame zokhala ndi chaka chimodzi. Pamapeto pa Julayi ndi mu Ogasiti iwo amayimba. Akazi achikulire amayamba kusungunuka pambuyo pake, pokhapokha pofika nthawi ya mbalame zazing'ono pamapiko. Kusenda muukwati waukwati kumayambira kumayambiranso mochedwa ndipo kumachitika kumalo kumene amakonda nyengo yachisanu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimapundana nthawi yomweyo. Molt wotsatira amapezeka m'chilimwe chawo nthawi yomweyo monga amuna akuluakulu. M'dzinja la chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, ma drows achichepere amavala zovala zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi munthu wamkulu, koma amalandila komaliza m'dzinja la chaka chachitatu.

Mtengo wosodza

Pakufunika kwachuma ngati mbalame yamalonda, imakhala ndi malo okha: kumtunda kwa Kolyma, komwe miyala ndi mitundu yambiri ya abakha akudya, pafupi ndi Okhotsk, pomwe mbalame zomwe zimasungunuka pafupi ndi gombe zimagwidwa, komanso ku zilumba za Komandorsky, komwe zimathandizira kudyetsa nthawi yozizira, mbalame zina pafupi ndi zilumba ndizochepa.

Zizindikiro zakunja za mwala

Zowonjezerazo ndizokongola kwambiri, ndizithunzi zambiri. Thupi la wamphongo ndi slate wa buluu, wokhala ndi zofukiza zoyera ndi zakuda. Nthenga pamutu ndi khosi zimakhala zakuda. Malo oyera amapezeka pamphuno, kutsegula makutu ndi kumbuyo kwa khosi. Malo awiri oyera ochepa ali kumbuyo kwa maso. M'mphepete mwa mutu, m'munsi mwa malo oyera, pali timiyala tofiirira. Khosi loyera loyera silizungulira khosi kwathunthu. Mzere wina woyera womwe umakhala ndi malire wakuda umayendetsa chifuwa. Mchira wakumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi zakuda. Mmbali ndi zofiirira.

Miyala (Histrionicus histrionicus)

Pali malo oyera ochepa odutsa mbali ya phiko. Gawo lamunsi lamapiko ndi lofiirira. Nthenga pamapewa ndizoyera. Zovala zamaphiko ndizimvi. Vala yakuda komanso yamtambo yonyezimira. Hypum ndi imvi. Mchira wake ndi woderapo. Mlomo wake ndi wonyezimira - maolivi, uli ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Utoto waimvi - mthunzi wa bulauni wokhala ndi nembanemba yakuda. Brown iris. Kudandaula kwamaphukusi kumapeto kwa chilimwe atatha kusungunuka kumakutidwa ndi maula amtundu wakuda.

Chachikazi pamtundu wa maula ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi chachimuna.

Chikuto chofiyira cha bakha ndi mtundu wa bulauni wakuda ndi utoto wa azitona. Pali malo oyera atatu owoneka bwino pambali ya mutu. Pansi pa thupi limayera ndi mikwingwirima pang'ono. Mapiko ndi a bulauni wakuda, mchira ndi wamtundu womwewo. Mlomo ndi miyendo yake ndi zofiirira. Miyala yaying'ono imafanana ndi akazi achikulire pophukira kwanyengo, koma mtundu womaliza umawonekera mchaka chachiwiri pambuyo poti ma molts angapo.

Chachikazi pamtundu wa maula ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi chachimuna.

Kufalitsa miyala

Mwalawo uli ndi mtundu wa Holarctic, womwe umasokonekera m'malo. Amakafika kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Siberia, malo omwe amakhala mpaka kukafika kumtsinje wa Lena ndi Nyanja ya Baikal. Kumpoto, mwalawo umapezeka pafupi ndi Arctic Circle, kum'mwera umafika ku Primorye. Imapezeka pafupi ndi Kamchatka ndi Commander Islands. Padera zisa za. Askold Nyanja ya Japan. Kugawidwa ku kontrakitala yaku America motsatira gombe lakumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, kulanda dera la Cordillera ndi mapiri a Rocky. Ena amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Labrador, m'mphepete mwa Iceland ndi Greenland.

Kamenushki amakhala m'malo omwe nthawi zambiri mumayenda mafunde mwamadzi.

Zojambula pamiyeso yamiyala

Kamenushki - mbalame zomwe zimadyetsa, molt ndi nyengo yachisanu m'malo achikhalidwe m'magulu, kupatula nthawi yokhazikika, mbalame zikagonera awiriawiri. Amapirira nthawi zovuta. Miyala imatha kusambira motsutsana ndi mafunde, kukwera malo otsetsereka ndi miyala yoterera. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zambiri zimafera m'mphepete mwa mafunde, pomwe mafunde amataya mitembo yamiyala kumtunda.

Kamenushki - gulu la mbalame

Kubala miyala

Kamenushki amakonza zisa zawo kumpoto chakumadzulo. M'nyengo yotentha, abakha amakhala m'madzi ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Magulu awiri opangidwa kale amawoneka m'malo osungirako malo. Atafika, amuna awiri amasamalira zazikazi. Mu nthawi yakukhwima, madokotalawa amakonza zamkati, kwinaku akugwedeza mabere awo kutsogolo, natambasulira mapewa ndikuwabweza kumbuyo, kenako nkuwaponyera mwadzidzidzi, ndikupereka mokweza kuti "gi-ek". Akazi amayankha kuyimbidwa ndi ma drakes okhala ndi mawu ofanana. Kamenushki amamanga chisa kumapiri kumtunda kwa mitsinje ndikumayenda mwachangu pamagalimoto, miyala yosalala, pakati pamiyala, pamtunda wakudzu.

Ku Iceland, miyala yokhazikika imasankha malo okhala ndi msondodzi wocheperapo, zomangira, ndi mlombwa kwambiri pafupi ndi malo omwe alipo tsopano. Ku kontinenti yaku America, mbalame zimakhala m'malo opumira, pakati pa miyala. Zingwezo ndizoperewera, pansi pake chimaphimba mbalame.

Kamenushki amakonza zisa zawo kumpoto chakumadzulo.

Yaikazi imayikira mazira atatu, okwanira eyiti. Makulu a mazira amafanana ndi mazira a nkhuku. Dzira lalikulu limakhala ndi michere yambiri ndipo mwana wankhuku amawoneka wamkulu, motero amakwanitsa chilimwe mwachidule. Kubwatcha kumatenga masiku 27-30. Yaimuna imasungidwa pafupi, koma sasamala za ana. Anapiyewo ali pafupi ndi miyala yamtundu wa ana ndipo, atapuma, amatsata bakha kumtsinje. Ana oyamwa amapita m'madzi ndipo amapeza chakudya pafupi ndi gombe. Miyala yaying'ono imapanga ndege zawo zoyambirira zikafika masabata 5-6.

Akuluakulu akamadwala kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June amachoka m'malo awo okhalamo ndikupanga nkhosa zomwe zimadyera pagombe. Nthawi zina amawonjezerapo miyala, yomwe imangokhala chaka chimodzi. Kukhetsa kwakukulu kumachitika kumapeto kwa Julayi komanso koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Akazi amalira mochedwa kwambiri akamadyetsa ana. Kukumananso kwa mbalame kumachitika nthawi yophukira nthawi yachisanu. Miyala yaying'ono imaswana pazaka 2 mpaka 3, koma makamaka ikafika zaka 4-5. Kukumananso kwawo kumachitika nthawi yamadzulo.

Mu Seputembala, mbalame zimasamukira

Mawonekedwe ake mwala

Kamenushka m'chigawo chakummawa cha Canada amalengeza kuti ndi mtundu wowopsa. Zifukwa zitatu zadziwika zomwe zitha kufotokozera kuchepa kwa kuchuluka: kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi zinthu zamafuta, kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa malo okhala ndi malo okhala chisa, kusaka kwambiri, chifukwa mwala umakopa ozembetsa ndi utoto wowala.

Kamenushki amakhala m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi.

Pazifukwa izi, mitundu ku Canada ndiyotetezedwa. Kunja kwa Canada, kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndizokhazikika kapena ngakhale kukulira pang'ono, ngakhale mitengo yochepera. Kusasunthika kumeneku chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa abakha kumakhala m'malo omwe amakhala kutali ndi malo okhala anthu.

Magulu amiyala

Pali mitundu iwiri yamiyala:

1. h. N. h. mbiri imafikira ku Labrador, Iceland, Greenland.
2. H. h. pacificus imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Siberia komanso kumadzulo kwa America.

Mtengo wachuma

Kamenushki ndi ofunikira kwambiri kumisika, mbalame zimawombera kumtunda wa Kolyma, komwe mtunduwu ndiwambiri kwambiri pakati pa abakha. Pafupi ndi mbalame za Okhotsk molting agwidwa. Pazilumba za Commander, iyi ndiye nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yozizira, pomwe mitundu ina ya bakha imachoka kuzilumba zowawa.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kamenushka

Kamenushka - Anseriformes order, Banja la Duck

Miyala (Histrionicus histrionicus). Habitats - Asia, America, Europe Kutalika 65 masentimita Kunenepa 750 g

Kamenushka ndi mbalame yosowa. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala - bakitiyi amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri, ndipo imakhala nthawi yozizira m'mphepete mwa Atlantic ndi Pacific. Panyengo yakukhwima, idokayo, yopaka nthawi yotsala mokwanira, amapeza chovala chokongola modabwitsa.

Bakha amasambira mokongola, m'madzi mwaluso, amatha kudya ngakhale mafunde akunjanja, omwe amangoponyedwa kunja kwa mbalame ina iliyonse kumtunda. Mbalameyi imadya chakudya chanyama, nyama yake imadyedwa ndi mphutsi, mphutsi zing'onozing'ono, mabulusa, ndi crustaceans. Nthawi zambiri mbalame yawo imachokera pansi penipomalo. Simamira m'madzi mwakuya, koma pansi pamadzi kumatha kukhala nthawi yayitali. M'magulu awiriwa, anthu amtundu wakumpoto amadyera mwala.