Tinalemba kale za zisa zam'madzi zodabwitsa kwambiri. Ndipo lero tikulankhula za mazira a mbalame: zazikulu, zazing'ono, zokongola komanso zachilendo.
kiwi
Mbalame za ku kiwi zaku Australia zimanyamula mazira akuluakulu okhudzana ndi kulemera kwa thupi (20% ya kulemera kwawo). Zimatenga mwezi kuti kiwi izitulutsa dzira limodzi. M'masiku omaliza asanagone, mbalameyo singathenso kudya: dzira limatenga malo ochuluka mkati. Koma mazira a kukula kwake ali ndi zopindulitsa: safunikira kuti akhathamiridwe kosatha, ndipo mkati mwake muli michere yambiri kotero kuti anapiyewo amabadwa akulu kwambiri ndipo akhazikika kale.
X-ray ya mkazi kiwi masiku angapo asanaike mazira (chithunzi kuchokera apa)
Nayi kiwi ndi dzira:
Emu
Emu imanyamulidwa ndi mazira okongola modabwitsa komanso pang'ono: mlendo wowoneka bwino, emarodi kapena aquamarine ang'onoang'ono, owoneka ochepa.
Chithandizo
Mbawala zam'madzi zam'madzi zimatulutsa mazira. Mbalamezi zimakhala m'malo akuluakulu m'miyala ndipo zimayikira mazira ake pamiyayo osamanga zisa. Zikuwoneka kuti kuchokera ku mphepo kapena mphepo iliyonse, mazira amatha kugudubuka ndi kuthyoka. Koma kwenikweni izi sizichitika. Mazira amawalozera kuchokera kumalekezero amodzi, ndiye pamene akukankha, samasuntha, koma amangotembenuka mozungulira molunjika. Kuphatikiza apo, maonekedwe a mazira amasiyana, motero ngakhale dzira limagubuduzika mwanjira yoyandikana ndi anansi, makolo nthawi zonse amazindikira mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe pa chipolopolo.
Chinamu
Mbalame za Tinamu zomwe zimafanana ndi magawo, omwe amakhala ku South ndi Central America, ali ndi mazira okongola kwambiri a Isitara. Zitha kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya buluu, ya bulauni, yachikasu ndi yobiriwira, koma koposa zonse - zimawala ngati kuti zangochita kupukutidwa.
Kugwedezeka Paphiri
Mountain oatmeal imatha kupezeka ku Europe, komanso ku Asia, komanso ku Africa. Mazira ake ndi okutidwa ndi mizere yokongola kwambiri yomwe imatsutsana ndi udzu.
chithunzi chochokera apa
Mountain Bunting (chithunzi kuchokera apa)
Hummingbird
Mwachidziwikire kuti mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri zimayikira mazira ang'ono kwambiri. Koma ngakhale pakati pa makanda awa pali opikisana. Mwa mbalame zokulirapo ndi mbalame zonse, mazira ochepa kwambiri amtundu wa hummingbird ndi awa: iliyonse imalemera pang'ono kuposa gramu ndipo ndi kukula kwa peyala.
chithunzi chochokera apa
Chithunzi cha Hummingbird (chithunzi kuchokera apa)
Nthiwatiwa za ku Africa
Mazira akuluakulu kwambiri ndi nthiwatiwa za ku Africa. Kutalika kwa dzira kumatha kufika masentimita 20, ndikulemera mpaka kilogalamu ziwiri. Chigoba cha mazira a nthiwatiwa ndi champhamvu kwambiri komanso chokhwima - kuchirikiza kulemera kwa kholo, yemwe amasunthira clutch. Chifukwa cha izi, anapiye, akumayenda ndi mitu yawo, amawaswa ndi hematomas kumbuyo kwa mutu, omwe, komabe, amapita mwachangu kwambiri.
Nthiwatiwa ya ku Africa pa zomangamanga (chithunzi kuchokera apa)
Wofiirira wopanda mapiko
Mazira a pokover wokhala ndi mapiko a bulauni amakhala osatheka kuzindikira. Iwo amabisika mwangwiro ngati udzu woyendayenda, nyemba ndi nthaka.
chithunzi chochokera apa
Chithunzi cha brown-mapiko (chithunzi kuchokera apa)
Kusuntha Kutentha
Utoto woyendayenda, kamnyimbo kakang'ono ndi chifuwa chofiira, kamene nthawi zambiri kumatha ku North America, kali ndi mazira owala, osawoneka bwino. Yachikazi yokha imalowetsa mazira. Nthawi yomweyo, atakhala pa iwo kwa mphindi pafupifupi 40, amawatembenuza iwo ndi kutsidya.
Wandering Thrush (chithunzi kuchokera apa)
Hoopoe
Hoopoes amapereka chinsinsi cha bulauni ndi fungo labwino kwambiri lomwe limaphimba mazira. Mbalame zina nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito chobisalira chofananira chomwe chobisidwa ndi ndulu ya coccygeal kuti mafuta a nthenga. Koma mu hoopoes, mankhwalawa amadzaza ndi mabakiteriya. Asayansi amati mkati mwa mazira omwe amaphatikizika nawo pamakhala mabakiteriya owopsa pang'ono, ndiye kuti, makolo amapanga chishango cha mazira.
Chinamu
Chinamu - mbalame sizidziwika kwa anthu ambiri chifukwa chobisalira. Chinamou ndizachilendo kwambiri kotero kuti adagawidwa mgulu la Tinamoobraznyh, kuphatikizapo mitundu 47. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zina zotengera thupi zimawabweretsa pafupi ndi nanda, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi abale akutali a mbalamezi.
Crested Chinamu (Eudromia elegans).
Ambiri a tinamu ndi apakatikati ndikukula ndipo amatalika 20-30 cm, tinamu kakang'ono kwambiri kamtunda kamakhala ndi kutalika kwa 12-13 cm, ndipo tinamu yayikulu kwambiri - 50 cm.Poyamba, tinamu ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi magawo, ali ndi mutu wawung'ono , khosi lalitali kutalika, mapiko ofooka ofufupi ndi miyendo yolimba. Chala chakumaso cha chinamu sichitha kapena sichinapangidwe bwino, zomwe zimawabweretsa pafupi ndi ziphuphu ndi nthiwatiwa. Mchirawo ndi waufupi kwambiri ndipo suwoneka pansi pa nthenga zazitali kwambiri, zomwe mbalamezi nthawi zina zimatchedwa kuti michira yobisa. Utoto wa Chinamu ndi wonyezimira kwambiri, wa imvi, yofiirira komanso yamchenga umakhalapo, ndipo nthenga zawo zimakhala zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino. Nthenga zokha zimakhala zofewa, mitundu ina imatha kukhala ndi mutu pamitu yawo. Mitundu ya kugonana imafotokozedwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo imachepetsa pang'ono kukula kwake, ndipo mu tinamu, akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna.
Chinamus amapezeka ku South America, ndipo mitundu 4 yafalikira ku Central America. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu: zimatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zotentha, komanso ma shrubbery, komanso pamtunda wokulirapo. Koma kulikonse komwe mbalamezi zimakhala, kulikonse zimachita mobisa. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva mawu a tinamu, ofanana ndi nyimbo yoyimba, kuposa kuwona mbalame yokha.
Chifukwa cha mtundu woteteza, tinama wosachedwa kuwoneka sawoneka bwino mumtambo.
Zimayenda mosamala komanso mwakachetechete, zimawulukira kawirikawiri komanso mosasamala, kawirikawiri kuthawira kwa tinamu kumakhala kochepa - ndege zikauluka 400-500 zitadutsa, mbalame zimagwera mwadzidzidzi. Pakakhala ngozi, tinamu amadalira kwambiri kubisala kuposa mphamvu yamapiko. Mitundu yomwe imakhala m'nkhalangoyi imadzizirira pachidikha, kudzipanga ngati fundo yamtchire, pamalo otseguka, tinamu imagona pansi kapena kuyesera kubisala m'dzenje la nyama. Mukayandikira tinam yobisala, mbalameyo imangonyamuka modandaula, izi zimakhumudwitsa mdaniyo kwa masekondi angapo ndikulola tinam kubisala m'nthawi.
Chinamu amatha kugwira ntchito masana komanso madzulo. Mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimangoyima zokhazokha ndipo tinamu wokhalamo yekha nyengo yakukhwima amapanga magulu a anthu 100. Chinamu amangokhala, amakhala m'malo omwe amakhala momwe amayendera. Amakhala usiku pansi ndikuyimira okhawo a genus Tinamus omwe amakwera mitengo kuti azikhala usiku umodzi.
Chilean Chinamu (Nothoprocta perdicaria).
Chinamu - mbalame zopatsa chidwi. Mtundu uliwonse umatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, pomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi zomwe umakonda. Ena a tinamu amatchera khutu kwambiri pazakudya za nyama ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunafuna tizilombo, mabuluni ndi nyongolotsi, pomwe ena, mmalo mwake, amadya zakudya zam'mera - zipatso zazing'ono, mbewu, zikumera ndi zam'mimba zazomera.
Mitundu yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango zotentha imatha kubereka chaka chonse; Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa pakuswana kwa chinamu. Mitundu yonse ya chinamu ndi mbalame zamitala, motero amuna amatha kukwatirana ndi akazi angapo komanso mosiyanasiyana. Chosiyana ndi okhawo omwe akuyimira gulu la Nothoprocta, omwe ndi amiseche ndipo amakhala awiriawiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, tinamu wokhala ndi masamba ambiri amadyetsedwa ndikukopeka ndi amuna kapena akazi ... akazi. Izi sizabwino mwangozi, chifukwa yamphongo imasamalira mayiyo ndi anapiye onse. Pambuyo pakuikira mazira, wamkazi samatenga nawo mbali pakubereka. Kugawika komweko kwamaudindo kumawonedwa mu mitundu ina ya tinamu, ngakhale abambo alipo tsopano. Zizolowezi zotere zimabweretsa tinama ku nthiwatiwa.
Male Crested Chinamu akumaswa mazira.
Amuna a Chinamu amawoneka bwino pakati pa mbalame zina chifukwa amakhala ndi ziwalo zoberekera zomwe zimafalikira mukamakula. Pakanema ya chinamu, pali mazira 1-3 mpaka 12 osazolowereka. Choyamba, mazira a Chinamu amakhala ndi chipolopolo chosalala, cholimba komanso chonyezimira. Kachiwiri, ali ndi mtundu wolimba kwambiri. M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chinamu, mazira amatha kukhala achikasu, obiriwira, imvi, wakuda, wabuluu, wofiirira komanso ofiira. Mtundu wowala kwambiri ndi khumbo lodabwitsa limapatsa kununkhira kwa mbalameyo maonekedwe osakhala mwachilengedwe a mazira "Isitala".
Mazira owala amtundu wabuluu wa Tinamus (Tinamu yayikulu) amawoneka oyang'ana kumbuyo kwa zinyalala.
Yaikazi imatha kuyikira mazira m'chisa cha amuna angapo, pomwe imathanso kugona ndi mazira achimuna osiyanasiyana. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 19 mpaka 20, nthawi imeneyi yamphongo imakhala yosamala kwambiri ndipo sikuuluka chisa ngakhale utagwira mbalame ndi dzanja. Amphaka oswedwa amakula bwino, nthawi yomweyo amachoka pachisa ndikutsatira kholo. Yaimuna imawathandiza kusaka chakudya pang'onopang'ono pansi pomwe anapiye amatulutsa tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Amakula msanga ndipo kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wa moyo amadzilamulira. Pambuyo pake. anapiyewo atalekanitsidwa ndi abambo awo, amathanso kubereka watsopano. Tinamu akutha msinkhu ndi chaka chimodzi chamoyo.
Adalimbana ndi chinamu mwana wankhuku.
Mwachilengedwe, chinamu zimakhala ndi adani achilengedwe okwanira. Mbalame zosiyanasiyana zamphongo, anyalugwe, akambuku ndi amphaka ena ang'onoang'ono a ku South America amatha kuzisaka. Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimagwidwa ndi boazi. Anthu amasakiranso tinama. Nyama ya mbalamezi ndi yofewa komanso yokoma, motero ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe amakonda kusaka ku America. Motere, kuyesayesa kudapangidwa kuti kuyanjanitsa tinama ku North America ndi Europe, koma sanathe kuzolowera nyengo yozizira. Ali mu ukapolo, tinamu imamera bwino komanso kubereka mosavuta, koma kuyesa kutulutsa mbalamezi ndi kubereka kwambiri pamafakitale sizinachite bwino.
Flock ya Pentland pentland (Tinamotis pentlandii) paphiri lalitali ku Argentina.
Werengani za nyama zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi: nthiwatiwa, miyala yakumbuyo.
Mwachidule za mbiri ndi muyezo
Mbiri yawo idayamba mu 1970 ndi kuwoloka nkhuku zaku America zaku Araucana. Miyezoyo idatengeredwa ndi American Poultry Association kuyambira 1984.
Pa chithunzi kumanzere kuli tambala, kumanja kuli nkhuku ya tirigu ya Ameraukan.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pofotokozera mtundu wa Ameraukana ndi kukhalapo kwa ndevu komanso ndevu, zomwe zimamera m'magulu osiyanasiyana mu nkhuku komanso tinthu tokhala ndi tinthu tokhala ngati nandolo. Metatarsus wopanda nthenga, zala zinayi zamiyendo.
Tsopano pofotokozera muyezo pali mitundu 8: yakuda, yoyera, yabuluu, siliva, yofiirira, tirigu, tirigu wabuluu, chikaso chakuda. Komabe, palinso mitundu ina, komanso bentamki (nkhuku zazing'ono). Mtundu uliwonse, pali zofunika pa mtundu wa metatarsus ndi zala.
Mtundu woyera ndi wamtambo uyenera kutsagana ndi utoto wamtundu wa metatarsus, ndipo mapazi ndi mbali yakumunsi ya zala ziyenera kukhala zoyera. Mitambo yoyera ya zala ndi miyendo imakhala ndi mitundu yonse.
Kukula kwa Ameraukana ndi avareji, amphongo amafika 3 makilogalamu, nkhuku - 2.5. Kukula kumachitika m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, zochuluka kwambiri zimawonedwa mkati mwa zaka ziwiri. Zoyala ndi zowuluka zitha kukhala ndi buluu, zobiriwira, komanso kuchokera ku pinki mpaka bulauni. Palinso malongosoledwe a mazira ofiira owala.
Khadi la bizinesi Isitala wa nkhuku - mazira okhathamira amitundu yambiri.
Mazira ndizokoma kwambiri komanso zokongoletsa, pafupifupi kulemera 60-65 g, kupanga mazira - mazira 200-250 pachaka.
Ameraukana - nkhuku zamphamvu ndi zolimba zimasinthasintha nyengo yanthawi yotentha komanso yozizira. Fungo lamphamvu ndi mawonekedwe ake zimawalola kuthana ndi izi, zomwe, mosiyana ndi tsamba, sizimazizira pakumatha kutentha.
Njira yabwino ndiyakuti asiyane ndi nkhuku zina, chifukwa nthawi zambiri tizijuni timakonda kulimbana ndi mitundu ina komanso anthu. Kwa mbalame, mumafunikira ndege yowuluka (imakonda kusuntha) ndi nkhuku yofunda kuti isunge yozizira. M'chilimwe, kuyenda ndi kuwotcha ndikofunikira.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikusamba kwa fumbi, komwe nkhuku zimakondwera kwambiri. Alimi a nkhuku pa chifukwa ichi amayenera mabokosi amitengo olingana ndi mapiko a mbalame. Mabokosi ayenera kudzazidwa ndi mchenga kapena dothi louma pakati pakati ndi phulusa. Kusamba koteroko ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri kwa munthu wodya fluff.
Kudyetsa Ameraukan kuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga dzira: kuyala nkhuku zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndi michere popanga mazira. Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwa zakudya zapamwamba komanso zoweta zokhala ndi udzu wambiri.
Chakudya chochuluka cha Ameraukan chizikhala ndi 16 mpaka 20% ya mapuloteni azinyama. Mapulogalamu amtundu uliwonse ndi oyenera: zinyalala za nsomba, ufa (nsomba, magazi ndi nyama ndi fupa), zinthu zamkaka.
Chithunzicho chidatumizidwa ndi Alexei wochokera ku Cheboksary.
Zonena zabodza
Mazira a Ameraukan ndiye gawo lawo lalikulu, koma chowonadi chowazungulira chadzaza ndi mphekesera, zambiri zomwe zidawoloka nyanja ndikukhazikika mu ma expanses aku Russia.
- Mazira ali ndi cholesterol yotsika kwambiri (kapena ngakhale zero).Zowona, izi sizowona, monga momwe akunenera kuti ndiwopatsa thanzi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mazira a nkhuku zina. Kukula kwa mazira a mtunduwu kumatengera, malinga ndi akatswiri, kuchokera pakudyetsa nkhuku. Poterepa, palibe magawo omwe amapezeka mu thanzi la thanzi ndi kapangidwe kake sanakonzeke.
- Chimodzi chimodzimodzi chimatha kunyamula mazira amtundu wina.Chowonadi chakuti mawu ngati awa ndi nthano titha kumvetsetsa mosavuta muzochita, komabe, titha kuwululidwa pamaziko a sayansi. Alimi akuti mitundu yoyera ndi yabuluu yokha ndiye maziko amtundu wa Ameraucana, pomwe mtundu wa buluu umakhala wopambana (ndipo ndi muyezo wa APA, kwakukulu, mtundu wabuluu wokha ndiwovomerezeka).
Mitundu yosakanikirana - ma olive a maolivi ndi ofiira amakhala amiyala ya Ameraukana ndi Mitundu ina. Mtengo wa azitona ndi chifukwa cha mtanda pakati pa mbalame yoyikira mazira abuluu ndi mbalame yoyala mazira a bulauni. Kuyambira pinki mpaka bulauni, osakaniza ngati zipolopolo zoyera komanso zofiirira.
Subtleties kuswana
Ameraukans ndi mbalame zamtundu wabwino kwambiri komanso zotha kusintha nyengo zosiyanasiyana nyengo. Chifukwa chake, anapiye okulira, monga lamulo, samayambitsa mavuto akulu kwa alimi a nkhuku. Izi ndizofunikira, popeza kuchuluka kwa nkhuku zambiri sikukhala nkhuku.
Kuyang'aniridwa kuyenera kulipidwa pa mtundu wa chakudya choyambira cha anapiye, kuchuluka kwa vitamini B ndi zikhalidwe za masiku oyamba. Kuziziritsa anapiye kumatha kuwoneka ngati thumba lotayirira, chifukwa chake, mu chikhomo, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwa nkhuku kuyenera kuchokera pa 35 ° C sabata yoyamba komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono - kupitirira apo.
Onetsetsani kuti nkhuku zikhala ndi ana, popeza anapiye amtunduwu amakula msanga ndikulemera.
Nkhuku zamasiku onse Ameraukana.
Zinyalala zouma ndi madzi okhazikika pa kutentha kwa firiji, komanso chakudya, chomwe chimawonjezeredwa ngati chikufunika, ndichomwe anapiye amafunikira kuti akule bwino. Chifukwa chake, kukulira Ameraucan sikusiyana ndi kukula mwa anapiye amtundu wina.
Mafunso enanso ambiri amafunsidwa ndi ntchito yoswana. Popeza mbalameyi idabweretsedwa ku Russia kuchokera kutali, kuchuluka kwa majini ndizochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali chisokonezo pakati pa Araucana ndi Ameraucana womata, womwe munthu wamba azikhala wofanana.
Chifukwa chake, kugula nkhuku zapamwamba za Ameraukan ndizopambana kwambiri komanso kosavuta.
Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi sikuti ku Khokhl kokha. Ma Araucnas okhala ndi matayala ku Europe samadziwikanso kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi michira sizimazindikirika ngati zamtundu ku Germany, ngakhale kuti kutulutsa kwa Araucans opanda zingwe kumapezeka.
Mibadwo, mbalame zimadziwika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa majini owopsa omwe Araucan ali nawo. Zoweta ku USA adasiya mwadala geniyi mwa "kupereka" mabulashi, koma kusiya mazirawo.
Mtundu wamtambo wamtambo.
Amasiyanso anthu omwe ali ndi mchira ndi mchira, zomwe zimawalola kuti azitha kubereka mazira pamlingo wovomerezeka. Chinthu chinanso cha Ameraukana ndichakuti mbalame zamtunduwu ndizakulemera kuposa makolo awo aku Europe.
Ngakhale zovuta zakusankhidwa, ngati mungaganize zopanga ukongola wakunja kwa bwalo lanu la mbalame, simukhumudwitsidwa. zizindikiro wabwino wa zokolola, kukongoletsa maonekedwe a mazira, yosiyanasiyana, luso ntchito ndi crossbreeds adzasangalala mlimi aliyense nkhuku!
