Dromedary imatha kuzolowera moyo wachipululu kwambiri. Dromedary amatha kukhala m'malo omwe anthu ena osakhulupirira sakanakhalako kwa masiku angapo. Masheya akuluakulu komanso ma eyeloni amtambo amateteza maso a ngamila kuti isatengedwe ndi dzuwa ndi mchenga.
Ma Dromedaries omwe amakhala ku Sahara amatha kupita popanda madzi nthawi yonse yozizira, chifukwa amapanga kuchuluka kochepa kwake limodzi ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe. Khungu la ngamila limakana kugwa. Chochititsa chidwi, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, samatha thukuta kwambiri, monga nyama zina.
Kufalitsa
Dromedaries amaberekera nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ngamila yachikazi imasungunuka nthawi zambiri pachaka. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wamwamuna. Amuna nthawi ya rut iyi ndiwankhanza kwambiri. Mwana wamwamuna wosangalala amapukusa thumba losalala lokhala ngati mkanda wofiyira. Ma Dromedaries mate atakhala kapena atagona pambali pawo, zomwe sizachilendo kwa nyama zamtunduwu. Nthawi zambiri ana amabadwa nthawi yamvula, ngakhale kumadera achipululu kulibe chakudya.
Ngamila imabereka mwana wake yekhayo ataimirira. Makanda obadwa chatsopano amakhala ndi tsitsi lofewa. Monga ana achimuna ena, ngamila zimatha kuyendayenda pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Pafupifupi maola atatu atabadwa, akuthamanga kale, koma amadya mkaka wa amayi wawo chaka china.
Ngamila ndi munthu
Anthu omwe amakhala m'madambo amadalira ngamila kwambiri. Kwa zaka masauzande, nyama izi zathandiza anthu, zimanyamula katundu, kukoka zolima ndikubweretsa madzi kuminda. Chifukwa chake, ngamila zimathandizira kuwonjezera chonde ndi kuchuluka kwa madera achipululu.
Ngamila sizogwira ntchito chabe. Nyama zimapatsanso anthu chilichonse chomwe amafunikira pamoyo: chakudya, zovala, komanso kuteteza ku zinthu zachilengedwe zovuta. Nyama yawo ndi yokoma kwambiri, ndipo ngamila zamkaka zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri zimadyedwa.
MALANGIZO OGULITSIRA. KULAMBIRA
M'mayiko achiarabu, amakondedwa monga cholengedwa chofunikira kwambiri choperekedwa ndi Mulungu ndi munthu. M'mayiko a Arabia, kuthamanga ngamila ndizodziwika kwambiri.
Iwo adaphunzira za ngamira yokhala ndi chimodzimodzinso pambuyo pa ngamira yonyamula anthu awiri. Palibe chomwe chimadziwika za makolo amtchire a dromedary. Dziko lakwawo ndi chipululu cha Arabia. Dziko lidaphunzira za izi pomwe mafuko osadukiza a Bedouin ochokera ku Arabia zaka 3000 zapitazo adayamba kuonekera ku Palestina. Kumpoto kwa dromedary kumatha kupezeka pafupi ndi Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan. Nyengo yachisanu yomwe imakhala yozizira kwambiri imalepheretsa kuti nyama izifalikira kwambiri. Dromedary kwa anthu a mchipululu ndi othandizira, ndi wopeza chakudya. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi gait yofulumira (chifukwa chake dzina lake lachi Greek "Dromayos", lomwe limatanthawuza kuthamanga) kuposa Bactrian (ngamila yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri), komanso kukana kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, dromedary imapatsa mkaka wambiri, womwe amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu okhala m'chipululu. Wowiritsa mkaka wa ngamila, wothira madzi, umathetsa ludzu bwino. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, ngamira yopambana ngamira yonyamula zodutsa kumadera onse otentha padziko lapansi idayamba. Kugawidwa kwake ku North Africa, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan ndi North India kudagwirizana ndi kufalikira kwa madera akuluakulu a mayiko awa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri mu zipululu za Africa ndi Asia akadali odalira kwathunthu chifukwa cha dromedary. Masiku ano, mafuko osamukasamuka amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nyama yoyendera ndikunyamula yomwe imatha kupirira milungu iwiri yolimbika popanda madzi. Nyama yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, ndipo mkaka umazimitsa ludzu.
MUKUDZIWA KUTI.
- Ngamila zimatchedwa "zombo za m'chipululu" chifukwa zimayenda pang'ono, komanso chifukwa ngamila ndizokhazo zomwe zimayendera m'malo amenewa.
- Ngamila zimasiyana ndi zolengedwa zina zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma cell am'magazi: ndizowonda.
- Ngamila imalavula mosavomerezeka m'mimba. Nthawi zina ngamila zimatha kulavulira, mwachitsanzo, alendo obwera ku zoo.
- Ngamila imatha kusinthika kukhala ndi moyo kumadera louma ndipo imatha kupita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma, akamamwa, m'mphindi 10 amatha kumwa mpaka malita 100 amadzimadzi.
NKHANI YOPHUNZITSIRA DZANJA NDI BACTRIAN
Mapazi: pa phazi lirilonse la ngamila pali ziboda zazikulu ziwiri zophatikiza, zomwe zikatambasuka, zimathandizira kusuntha mchenga wotentha, wotentha.
Ubweya: wochepa thupi, wavy pamutu, amateteza wonyentchera ku dzuwa lakuwusa.
Miyendo: lalitali ndi locheperako, lokhala ndi mafayilo, lomwe limateteza kuti lisapweteke pomwe ngamira ili pamchenga.
Mphuno: mphuno zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ngati mphuno zimatha kutseka kwathunthu pamafunde amchenga.
- Malo okhala Dromedary
MALO OKHALA
Amakhulupirira kuti ma dromedaries amachokera ku Arabia. Tsopano ngamila zoweta zapezeka kuchokera ku North Africa ndi Central Asia kupita ku Mongolia. Dromedaries amakhalanso ku Australia.
KULIMA
Monga ziweto, ma dromedaries ndi ochuluka kwambiri, ndipo kuthengo mwina atha kale. Anthu okhala ku ngamila zamtchire amakhala ku Australia kokha.
Ngamila ikalavula, nkutuluka! Kanema (00:02:06)
M'mapiri a Altai, tinakumana ndi ngamila. Tidamudyetsa, ndipo adatithokoza ndikumvulira kosangalatsa.
Ngamila (Latin Camelus) ndi mtundu wa nyama zomwe zimayamwa pa Corpus callosum. Awa ndi nyama zazikulu zosinthidwa mchipululu.
Pali mitundu iwiri ngamila:
? Ngamila ya Bactrian kapena Bactrian (C. bactrianus)
? Dromedary, pafupipafupi - ngamira yodyetsa kapena ngamila ya-One-humped (C dromedarius)
Mitundu yonse ya ngamila zidalemba zaka zoposa 5000 zapitazo. Anthu okhala ngamila zakuthengo adapulumuka ku Chipululu cha Gobi ndipo adapezeka ndi N. M. Przhevalsky. Masiku ano, nkhani yokhudza kuyamwitsa ngamila zakuthengo ziwiri ku pleistocene park ku Yakutia ikuganiziridwa. Ngamila zapakhomo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati nyama yonyamula katundu komanso yokakamiza. M'madera ena louma a North America ndi Australia, nyama izi zidamasulidwa kuthengo, komwe zidamera mizu mokwanira. Chiwerengero cha ngamila zakutchire ku Australia mchaka cha 2008 zidaposa 1,000,000 ndipo zikukula kwambiri ndi 11% pachaka. Ndiwo ngamila zamtchire zazikuru kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka zamakedzana.
Ku Russia, mtundu umodzi wa ngamila zamtundu umodzi umadulidwa - Arvana ndi mitundu itatu ya ngamila zonyamula-awiri-Kalmyk, Kazakh ndi Mongolian. Mtundu wofunika kwambiri ndi Kalmyk
Dzina lachi Latin loti Camelus limakwera kudzera muchi Greek. kwa a Semitic “gamal” (Chiarabu).
Liwu lachi Russia "ngamila" ndi njira yolakwika ya Kalmyk "burgud" kutanthauza "ngamila". Malinga ndi Farmer, ngamila imachokera ku ngongole yakale yochokera ku Gothic, momwe ulbandus amatanthauza "njovu".
Unyinji wa ngamila wamkulu ndi 500-800 kg, zaka zoberekera zimayamba kuyambira zaka 2-3. Ngamila imatha kukhala ndi zaka 20.
Kamera idabadwa ku Mexico City Zoo. Kanema (00:01:39)
Kamera idabadwa ku Mexico City Zoo Kwa nthawi yoyamba mzaka zisanu ndi zinayi, a Chapultepec Zoo ku Mexico City amakondwerera kubadwa kwa ngamira yokhala ndi-ngati-boti. Mwanayo adabadwa pa Epulo 5 ndipo adalemera kilogalamu 24. Tsopano wakula, ndipo alendo akhoza kumuyang'ana. Woyang'anira malo osungirako zinyama akuti ngamila ndiyabwino kwambiri, koma idyetsa munthu wina. Amayi atangobereka adakana. [Juan Arturo Rivera, Woyang'anira wa Chapultepec Zoo]: Oyang'anira malo osungira nyama atapempha anthu kuti asankhe dzina ngamila. Kuvota kumachitika pa intaneti. Komabe, tsogolo lina la mwana silinadziwebe. [Juan Arturo Rivera, Woyang'anira wa Chapultepec Zoo]: Ngamila kapena ma dromedaries amodzi, omwe m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "kuthamangira," ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa anzawo awiri omaliza. Anthu awo omwe sanakhalebe ndi moyo mpaka pano, koma ogwiritsa ntchito makina otayirira akukhalanso ku Australia. M'madera ambiri ku Asia ndi Africa, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito ngamila zonyamula ngati nyama zonyamula, komanso amazikwera. Amatha kuzolowera nyengo yamvula ndipo amatha kuchita popanda madzi kwa mwezi umodzi, ndipo ngati atanyamula katundu, ndiye sabata. Ngamila zimatha kumwa pafupifupi malita 100 amadzi m'mphindi 10.
"Tidayenera kuthetsa vutoli ndi ana, chifukwa aka kanali koyamba kuti mayi ayambe kudana ndi khandalo. "Tidampatula kwa mayi ake, chifukwa anali wamanjenje kwambiri, ndipo adayamba kudyetsa mopatsa chidwi."
"Tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti abwerere ku banja. Izi zikangochitika, azikhala nafe zaka zingapo mpaka tidziwe zomwe zingakhale bwino: chokani kuno kuti mukaberekenso kapena kusinthana. ”
"Sitima" m'chipululu komanso wothandizira munyumba
Dromedary - Ichi ndi nyama yokongola komanso yapamwamba. Makhalidwe ake ndi malo ake zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe akukhala kuthengo kapena kuyandikira kwa munthu.
Thupi lake limalekerera nyengo yotentha komanso kuperewera kwa madzi, popeza nyanjayo kapena dzina lodziwika bwino la nyamayi, ngamira yonyamula-imodzi, zofananira ndi nyengo za nyengo. Akabedwa, ndi mnzake wokhalamo m'chipululu.
Camel dromedary Ndigalimoto yosasunthika m'chipululu, kuthandiza anthu kuthana mtunda wautali mumchenga komanso nyengo yosavutikira, yovuta.
Ubweya wa ngamila wakhala chinthu chofunikira popanga zinthu zambiri zapakhomo kwa anthu. Mkaka wa ngamila ndi wamafuta komanso wathanzi kuposa, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe. Koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa nyama zake zamtchire komanso chikhalidwe chake zachilengedwe.
Zojambula ndi malo okhala
Amakhulupirira kuti kwawo kwa ngamila zamtundu umodzi okha ndi omwe adakhala chipululu cha Arabian Peninsula. Mpaka pano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepo, monga nyama yayikulu yacholimo. Pali ngamila zomwe zimakhala kumadera otentha a Africa ndi India.
Pambuyo pake, adapita ku Australia ndipo adazika mizu yake m'chipululu. Ngamila zina ngamila sizinapezekepo, koma ambiri anatha kuzolowera malo atsopano ndi nyengo nyengo yatsopano.
Kukhazikika kwa ngamila ndizosiyana ndi malo okhala akumwa kunyumba. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti thupi la ngamila imatha kusintha bwino kwambiri nyengo yotentha.
Koma ndi kusintha kumeneku komwe kumamupangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha nyengo zina, mwachitsanzo, m'malo amiyala kapena malo angati, sangathe kusunthanso patsogolo chifukwa cha miyendo ndi ziboda zake.
Mpaka pano, palibe anthu akuthengo omwe atsalira. Ambiri mwa ma dromedaries ndikubzala tsiku ku Africa. Pafupifupi 75% ya ngamila zoweta Ndi othandizabe mokhulupirika ndi abwenzi amunthu.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa wa Dromedary
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kabwino m'thupi lake, kupezeka kwa phala limodzi kumsana kwake, amadzipatsa chinyezi ndipo amateteza ku kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri. Koma si madzi omwe amasungidwa mumkaka, monga momwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, koma ndi mafuta, ndiye omwe amakonzedwa ndi thupi la chinyontho mukakhala ndi chofunikira pakakhala vuto.
Ndipo izi sizinthu zonse zopangidwa mwachilengedwe chodabwitsa, mwachitsanzo, khungu lakuda pamilomo limalola kuti dromedary idye minga yosayenera kwa nyama zina.
Ndipo thupilo limakutidwa ndi ubweya, lomwe limafikira 7 cm, ndilochepa pang'ono komanso lalifupi kuposa la ngamira ya Bactrian, munthu wonyamula mafuta awiriyo. Imaphimba thupi lonse ndi chivundikiro chosakwanira, komanso kutalika kwakukulu m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Ubweya wa dromedary ulibe kanthu mkati, izi zimawonjezera kutenthetsera kwa chophimba cha ngamila. Tsitsi lirilonse la dromedary limazunguliridwa ndi tsitsi lina zingapo kuchokera mu undercoat, limagwira mpweya wambiri ndikuwupulumutsa kuti usamatenthe kwambiri. Mphuno zotsekedwa mwamphamvu zimapulumutsanso ku kupisa, komwe kumatseguka kokha pakupuma.
Kapangidwe kapadera ka thupi kamakhalanso m'lingaliro loti kamagunda mbali zina za thupi, amatiteteza ndikamagona mumchenga wotentha ndi dzuwa. Miyendo ya ngamila imasinthidwa kuti isunthire pamchenga, koma palibe miyala kapena malo oterera.
Koma monga tikudziwa m'chipululu mulibe miyala, chifukwa chake ndi yabwino kuti nyama ikhale mumchenga, ndipo iyi ndiye mwayi wabwino komanso mwayi wokhala m'chipululu, womwe anthu amagwiritsanso ntchito.
Kuthengo, ngamila zimapanga gulu la anthu 10 mpaka 20, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka anthu 30. M'gululo pali wamwamuna wamkulu, mtsogoleri. Ngati, pakapita nthawi, wamwamuna winanso, ndiye kuti amachoka ndikupanga gulu lake.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Moyo wa m'chipululu ungaoneke kukhala wosapiririka, chifukwa m'malo otentha ano pali mbewu zochepa, zipatso kapena udzu, koma osati nyama. Amatha kupeza yekha chakudya.
Khamu la ngamila limakonda kusuntha, nthawi zambiri limasuntha malo ndi malo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo okhala ndi masamba ochepa, osowa komanso owuma. Ngamila ndizovala, zomwe zimafotokozera kutafuna kwawo kosalekeza.
Zitsamba za spiky komanso zolimba ndizabwino kwa dromedary. Amadya zitsamba zouma, zapoizoni ndi zowawa, ndipo, ngati zingafunike, amatha kudya nyama, nsomba komanso zovunda.
Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba, zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala opanda chakudya ndi madzi. Imatha kukhala m'chipululu kwa masiku pafupifupi 10, yopanda madzi ndi chakudya, ndipo ngakhale nyengo yotentha kwambiri imataya gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a kulemera kwake. Koma dromedary hump, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati "chubu" nthawi zonse imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobisika za thupi lake motero imadzipatsa chinyezi.
Komabe, ngamira ikalowa msipu, imatha kufa posachedwa, chifukwa thupi lake limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mchere wopezeka muzomera ndi madzi. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha chilengedwe.
Kubala kwanyengo ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Munthawi yakukhwima ikubwerayi, yamphongo imayang'anitsitsa zazikazi ndikuziteteza kwa anyani ena. Ngati kukumana kwa amuna kumachitika, ndiye kuti otsutsana akewo amafuula mokweza, kenako nkugwada m'khosi, poyesa kuphwanya wina ndi mnzake, kuluma miyendo yawo, ndikumenya mitu yawo. Njira yakukhwima imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 7 mpaka 35. Anthu oyembekezera amalekanitsidwa ndi gulu la ng'ombe ndipo amakhala pagulu logawanika.
Nthawi yoweta ngamila imayenderana ndi nthawi yamvula komanso nthawi yayitali masana. Atafika zaka 3-4, zazikazi za dromedary kale zimatha kubereka. Ntchito yawo yobereka imatha mpaka zaka 30.
Yaikazi imatha kubereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi kapena awiri, kenako idyetse mkaka kwa miyezi 15-18. Mwana akabadwa, amakhala ndi timisomali tiwiri, chomwe ndichinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri.
Koma, ngakhale kuli nyengo yovuta kwambiri yam'chipululu komanso chakudya chosowa, ngamila zimakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 30. Chithunzi, chithunzi komwe kumawala komanso kusangalatsa kwa chipululu, kwazaka zambiri ndikupitilirabe kudabwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi kuthekera kobisala kwa thupi lake.
Tsopano tikudziwa kuchuluka kwa omwe ma dromedary ali nawo, yomwe ndi imodzi. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ngamila ndi nyama yokongola komanso yosangalatsa yomwe imapangitsa anthu kukhala m'chipululu.
Bactrian
Ngamila za Bactrian, zomwe zimadziwika ndi dzina loti Bactrian, ndi amodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya "ngamila zoyenera". Kuphatikiza pa kukula kokulirapo ndi kukhalapo kwa chiunda chachiwiri, a Bactrian, powayerekeza ndi abale awo omwe ali ndi mtima umodzi, amakhalanso ndi chikhoto chakuda.
Bactrian amachokera kudera la Mongolia ndi Central Asia, motero, adasinthasintha kukhala moyo wotentha nthawi yotentha komanso nyengo yozizira kwambiri (kuphatikizapo chipale chofewa).Mawonekedwe a anatomy ndi physiology amalola kuti Bactrian yemwe ali ndi mbali ziwiri amatha nthawi yayitali popanda madzi nyengo yotentha, pomwe amakhala okhutira ndi chakudya chokhwima, chopanda thanzi. Eya, ubweya wakuda umakuthandizani kuti mupirire nyengo yozizira yopanda mavuto. Nthawi yomweyo, a Bactrian sangathe kulekerera kuzungulira konse, chifukwa chake amangopezeka madera ouma okha.
Kujambulidwa kwa ngamila zokhala ndi madzi awiri zapitazo kunachitika zaka 4,000 zapitazo, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo amatengedwa kuti ndi wofunika nyama zapakhomo ku Central Asia komwe malo opezekera ndi mapiri omwe amakhala. Chiwerengero chamakono cha nyama zamtunduwu ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 2. Kufunika kwapadera kwa ngamila m'nthawi ya mafakitale isanayambike, kwachititsa kuti mitundu yambiri yodziyimira yokha ya bactrian ikhale. Ku famuyi anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati paketi ndi nyama yoyeseza, kupirira kwambiri kuposa kavalo. Malinga ndi Wikipedia, Bactrian nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale pazankhondo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngamila izi ndizophatikiza mkaka, nyama ndi ubweya. Masiku ano, Bactrian imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pazosangalatsa - m'mabwalo ndi malo osungira nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngamila zokhala ndi mitundu iwiri ngakhale lero zikuyimiridwa ndi magulu angapo amtchire, ngakhale zoweta zake ndizochepa kwambiri. Anthu ochepa awa amakhala m'malo angapo osafikirako a China ndi Mongolia.
Ponena za mawu akuti "Bactrian", omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ngamila za bactrian, amachokera ku dzina la dziko lakale la Bactria kapena Bactrian, lomwe lili m'malo oyandikana ndi Afghanistan yamakono (gawo lalikulu), Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China ndi Pakistan. Ndipo ngakhale ngamila nthawi imeneyo sizimangokhala m'dera lino, koma makamaka ku Central Asia, dzinalo linaperekedwa kwa ma Bactrian ndi Aroma akale, omwe zonse zakum'mawa kwa Persia zinali chimodzi modzi. Ngamila zokhala ndi mitundu iwiri zokha zimangotchulidwa kuti sizachilendo komwe zimagulitsako.
Dramedari
Ngamila yokhala ndi gawo limodzi, yomwe imadziwikanso pansi pa mayina a Dromedade (Dromedade) ndi Arabian, ndiyachiwiri kuyimira mtundu wa ngamila moyenera. Dromedars amachokera kudera lachipululu komanso theka la chipululu cha North Africa ndi Middle East, komwe kuli ziweto zosawerengeka zakale. Komabe, masiku ano palibe ngakhale nyama zakuthengo zilizonse zomwe zatsala.
Mchimwene wa Bactrian yemwe ali ndi unyinji ndiwocheperako kukula, ali ndi hump imodzi ndi chovala chochepa. Monga abale awo a ku Central Asia, ngamila zamtundu umodzi zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zizikhala pamalo otentha komanso otentha. Amasamaliranso mosavuta popanda madzi kwa milungu yambiri, kudya masamba ochepa. Koma ma Dromedars siabwino konse ndi kuzizira. Chovala chofooka sichimalola kuti azikhala mchisanu chokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zikuwoneka kuti, ma dromedars adabisala ku Peninsula ya Arabia zaka chikwi chimodzi zapitazo kuposa a Bactrian ku Central Asia. M'mbuyomu, ngamila zokhala ndi gawo limodzi zimaberekedwa makamaka m'malo omwe amakhala, koma m'kupita kwanthawi, zabwino za nyama izi zidayamikidwanso kumadera oyandikana ndi India kum'mawa ndi Turkestan kumpoto. Monga ma Bactrian, Dromedars sikuti anali gwero la nyama ndi mkaka zokha, komanso nyama zofunika kwambiri zoyenera kulongedza. Nthawi yomweyo ngamila zamtundu umodzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zankhondo mokulira kuposa abale awo omwe anali ndi mtima umodzi. Chifukwa cha izi, anali odziwika bwino, kuphatikizaponso azungu, omwe nthawi zambiri ankamenya nkhondo ndi Aluya.
Aigiriki akale adapatsa dzina la Dromedera ngamila zamtundu umodzi. Kutanthauziridwa, kumatanthauza "kuthamanga," chifukwa nthawi zambiri Agiriki ankayenda ndi ngamila za ngamila za Aperisi ndi Aluya. Mwa njira, masiku ano ma dromemedars amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kuthamanga kwa akavalo, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso molakwika dzina lawo lachi Greek.
Dromedar ndi Bactrian - pali kusiyana kotani?
Chifukwa chake, tidazindikira kuti ngamila za Bactrian ndi Dromedara, ndiko kuti, ngamila ziwiri ndi-ziwiri, motero, ndizo mitundu iwiri yachilengedwe. Tiyeni tiwone bwino momwe amasiyana wina ndi mnzake.
Zakhala zikunenedwa pamwambapa kuti ma Bactrian ndi okulirapo: kukula kwawo kumakhala pafupifupi mamita awiri kufota (nthawi zina mpaka 2.3 m), ndipo kutalika kwa humps kumafika mita 2.7 ndi thupi lamphongo pafupifupi 600 kg. Nthawi yomweyo, ma dromedaries amakula pamtunda wama 20 cm ndikulemera pafupifupi 500 kg. Ndikosatheka kupereka zambiri zolondola, chifukwa m'mitundu iwiri yonseyi pali mitundu ya intraspecific, nthawi zambiri yosiyana kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa komanso kuchulukana kwa tsitsi, ngamila zamtunduwu zilibe kusiyana kwina kwakukulu. Ndi kusiyana konse pakati pa Dromedar ndi Bactrian. Physology ndi mkati mwazinthu ziwiri zomwezo zimakhala zofanana, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso ubale wawo. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chogwirizana kwambiri, yemwe amayambitsa ma Bactrian amakono ndi Dromedars anali ngamira, yomwe idawoneka m'dera la North America. Zaka makumi mamiliyoni zapitazo, m'njira yomwe idalipo panthawiyo, idadza ku Eurasia, komwe idagawana pang'onopang'ono m'mitundu iwiri yomwe ikudziwika lero. Komabe, asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kupatukana kumeneku kunachitika ku America.
Pankhaniyi, mitundu yoyambayo, mwachidziwikire, idasungunulidwa bwino-bwino, chifukwa maimidwe a ma dromedars amakono amakhala ndi mavu awiri, ndipo pokhapokha pokhazikika kwa mwana wosabadwayo hump wachiwiri umatha. Izi, mwanjira, zimalola akatswiri ena kuti ayike kutsogolo kuti Bactrian wamakono adabwera ku Eurasia kuchokera ku America, ndipo "Drumeda" idaphukira pomwepo.
Ngakhale zili choncho, ubale wapamtunduwu umatsimikiziranso chifukwa amatha kubala ana olimba komanso okhazikika kwambiri. Zophatikiza zimayimiridwa ndi ma subtypes angapo:
- Nar Woyamba kubadwa wosakanizidwa kuchokera kwa wamkazi wa Bactrian ndi wamwamuna Dromed. Kukula ndi kupirira, zosakanizidwa za Nar Bactrian ndi Dromed ndiwopambana.
- Iner. Woyamba kubadwa wosakanizidwa kuchokera kwa wamkazi wamantha ndi wamwamuna Bactrian. Zophatikiza zimawonetsera cholowa chapakati cha zikhalidwe za makolo.
- Jarbay. Wosakanizidwa wam'badwo wachiwiri, wopezedwa mwa kubadwanso kwa m'badwo woyamba "mwa iwo wokha." Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ambiri olephera amtunduwu m'matundu amtundu wotere, pafupifupi sanalandiridwe.
- Cospack Zophatikiza zomwe zimapezeka podutsa ma bulugamu achikazi ndi Bactrian wamwamuna wosadukaduka. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu ndikuchuluka kwa mkaka.
- Kez-Nar. Zophatikiza zomwe zimapezeka podutsa akazi a Cospack ndi ma dromedaries.
- Kurt. Zophatikiza zomwe zimapezeka podzera pakati pa akazi achimuna ndi amuna achimuna a droma
- Kurt-Nar. Zophatikiza zomwe zimapezeka podutsa Kurt wachikazi ndi wamwamuna Bactrian.
Wosakanizidwa wam'badwo woyamba wa Bactrian ndi Dromedeli ndiwofanana ndi ma Dromedars: ali ndi phokoso limodzi kumsana kwawo, komwe atawunikira atafufuza bwino angatchulidwe kuti ma timps awiri ophatikizika palimodzi. Mwambiri, izi ndi nyama zolimba komanso zolimba, kuphatikiza zabwino za mitundu ya makolo.