Mbalame ya Hawk Ili ndi dongosolo la falcon komanso banja la hawk. Amadziwikanso pansi pa dzina loti "goshawk" (malinga ndi tanthauzo lakale la Chisilavo cha Old Slavonic, "str" ​​amatanthauza "mwachangu", ndipo "rebec" amatanthauza "motley" kapena "pockmarked").

Mbalame za chiwombankhanga ndi kalulu khalani malo olemekezeka mu nthano ndi miyambo ya anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, komwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi amithenga a milungu. Aigupto akale ankapembedza fano la mbalameyi, amakhulupirira kuti maso a kambuku akuimira mwezi ndi dzuwa, ndipo mapiko - kuthambo lakumwamba.

Magulu osankhika a gulu la Asilavo nthawi zambiri amayika chithunzi cha mbalameyo kuzimata zawo, zomwe zimatanthawuza kulimba mtima, mphamvu komanso mwankhanza kwathunthu kwa adani.

Zojambula ndi malo a hawk

Ingoyang'anani chithunzi cha hawk pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mbalame Ndi yopapatiza kwambiri ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe ocheperapo okhala ndi mapiko otalika komanso ofupikana.

Mbawala imakhala ndi miyendo yolimba, pomwe pali zala zazitali zopindika zolimba ndi mchira wautali. Mbalameyi imakhalanso ndi gawo lake lodziwika ngati "nsidze" zoyera zomwe zimayang'ana mwachindunji pamaso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalumikizana kumbuyo kwa mutu.

M'madera ena komanso mayiko ena amapezeka pafupifupi phokoso lakuda. Zosankha zamitundu mbalame za hawk pali ambiri, komabe, anthu amapezeka nthawi zambiri, mtundu womwe matayala amtambo, abulauni, akuda ndi oyera amakhala ambiri.

Maso amphaka akuluakulu ndi akulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira kapena ofiira, miyendo ndi yachikaso. Zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa zazimuna, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika mpaka 2 kg kutalika kwa 60-65 masentimita ndi mapiko amitunda yopitilira mita imodzi. Kulemera kwa amuna kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kuyambira 650 mpaka 1150 magalamu.

Anapiye - mbalame za nyama, yomwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Zili ponseponse kumpoto kwa North (mpaka Alaska) ndi South America, kumapiri ndi nkhalango zokhala ku Europe.

Nthawi zambiri akambawa ang'ono amakhala ku Africa ndi Australia, mosiyana ndi nkhumba zazikulu, zomwe zimapezeka ku Asia ndi Europe. Ku Russia, hawk imapezeka kawirikawiri kupatula Far East, Primorsky Territory komanso m'malo ena a South Siberia.

Masiku ano, akuba amakhazikika pakati pa nkhalango zakale zakale, popeza nthawi ina anali atadzazidwa ndi alenje otseguka chifukwa chowombera ziwombankhanga, popeza, m'malingaliro awo, amafafaniza kwambiri zomwe angagwiritse - zinziri ndi grouse wakuda.

Mverani mawu a kambuku

Mawu a mbalamezi ali ngati mkokomo waukulu, ndipo pakadali pano mungamve mawu awo “akulu” ali kunja kwa mudzi wina.

Makhalidwe ndi moyo wa hawk

Ziphuphu ndi mbalame zonyansa kwambiri, mwachangu komanso kuthamanga kwa mphezi. Amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, akuwonetsa ntchito yayikulu ndikuyang'ana chakudya masana.

Amuna ndi akazi amapanga awiri, omwe amasankha kamodzi moyo. Khola la hawk lili ndi gawo lake, malire omwe amatha kufalikira mahekitala 3,000 ndipo amatha kudutsana ndi malire a anthu ena (kupatula malo omwe mbalame zimakhalira mwachindunji).

Ma Hawks nthawi zambiri amamanga zisa zawo m'nkhalango zakale zamitengo italiitali, pamlingo wa mamita khumi mpaka makumi awiri molunjika kuchokera padziko lapansi.

Chithunzi chawotchi

Zimatha kukhala zosiyana mosiyanasiyana mwa anthu osiyanasiyana, komabe, kabulu wamphongo ndi wamkazi amakhala maso kwambiri pomanga chisa, akusokoneza mayendedwe awo, akuwuluka pamtengo kupita pamtengo ndikulankhulana ndi mawu aliwonse.

Lirani mbalame yankhanza chimafanana ndi kukuwa, nthawi zina chimasandulika mayendedwe otsika (mwa amuna).

Zakudya za Hawk

Mbawala ya mbalame - zodya nyamaamene zakudya zake zimakhala makamaka za nyama. Mankhuku ndi anagalu achichepere amadya mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, tizilombo, achule ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono.

Atakhwima, amayamba kusaka nyama yayikulu, monga pheasants, agologolo, mavuvu, akalulu ndi hazel grouse.

Anapiye amatha kusaka kamodzi masiku awiri, chifukwa m'mimba mwawo mumakhala "thumba" lapadera lomwe gawo lawo lingasungidwe, pang'onopang'ono limagwera m'mimba.

Hawk amadya mbalame zina ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono

Kuwona kwa chiwombankhanga kumangokhala kokongola, ndipo kukwera m'mlengalenga amatha kuyang'anira nyama zawo zikagwira mtunda wa makilomita angapo. Pambuyo pakuyang'anira nyama yake, mbalameyo imachita bizinezi, osalola kuti idyeko komanso kuti igwire nyama yamphamvu kwambiri.

Komabe, pakuwathamangitsa, kambakayo imakhazikika pa kudya kwake kotero kuti sichitha kuzindikira cholepheretsa patsogolo pake monga mtengo, nyumba kapenanso sitima.

Hawk akufuula kuti awopseze mbalame Masiku ano, amawagwiritsa ntchito mosaka nyama zosaka nyama kuti agulu lanyumba kuti athawe mwachangu kwa adani.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Mbawala ya mbalameyi imakhala mbalame yodumphadumpha, yokhala moyo wokhazikika. Amatha kutha msinkhu pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, pambuyo pake amapanga awiriawiri ndikuyamba kuyanjana pamodzi pakupanga chisa.

Phukusi la Hawk

Nthawi yakukhwima imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo ndipo nthawi zambiri imayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Yaikazi imaberekanso mwana mopitilira kamodzi pachaka mu mazira awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu, omwe masiku makumi atatu pambuyo pake, anapiye amabadwa.

Onse awiri wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna amatenga nawo mbali pomangira mazira. Pakatha miyezi ingapo, akuba ang'onoang'ono amaphunzira zonse zoyambira payekha ndikusiya chisa cha makolo.

Nthawi yayitali yokhala ngati kaphesi komwe imakhala zaka 15-20, komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala anthu ena omwe amakhala muukapolo amakhala nthawi yayitali.

Gulani mbalame lero sizovuta, ndipo anapiye zigawenga ikhoza kugulidwa mosavuta pa intaneti pa madola 150-200 aku US. Nthawi zambiri amagulidwa ndi mafani a falconry ndi okonda nyama zakuthengo.

Etymology ya dzinalo

Dzina lotchedwa hawk mu chilankhulo Chakale cha Slavonic limapezeka mu "astreb" yantchito. Chiyukireniya - Hawk, Hawk, Serbo-Kroatia јastriјeb - hawk, wopatsa jastrebast - "motley, wamawangamawanga", Czech - jestrab, Old Czech - jastrab, Kipolishi - jastrząb, Upper Luzhitsk - jatrob, ndi Lower Sorbian - chidwi Dzinali mwina limapangidwa pamaziko a mizu yakale ya Slavic * str kutanthauza "liwiro" ostrъ (kukameta ubweya, muvi, wopondera, ndodo). Mapeto a reb ali ndi tanthauzo "pockmarked, motley". Mbali yodziwika yosaka nyama yabwinobwino ndiyo kuponya nyama mwamphamvu, ndipo njira yofikira pamapewayi imadziwika bwino ndipo imapatsa dzina la "hawwit" pachilankhulo.

Ara parrot

Zomwe zimadya

Anapiye ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya zomwe zimadya kwambiri nyama. Nkhuku ndi achinyamata amadya mphutsi, tizilombo, achule ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Akamakula, amphaka amayamba kusaka nyama zazikulu ngati pheasants, hazel grouse, agologolo, haresi, akalulu.

Anapiye amasaka masana, kamodzi masiku awiri, ali ndi "thumba" lapadera m'mimba mwake, lomwe limasunga gawo laogwidwa ndikudya, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo limalowa m'mimba.

Ziwopsezo zimadziwika chifukwa cha maso okongola kwambiri, pomwe zikuuluka mlengalenga zimafunafuna nyama zazitali mtunda wa makilomita angapo. Pambuyo pofufuza nyama, mbalameyo imangothamangira pansi ndikuigwira ndi miyendo yamphamvu kwambiri. Mukathamangitsa, khungubwe imangoyang'ana kwambiri nyama pomwe nthawi zina siziwona zopinga panjira, mwachitsanzo, mtengo, nyumba kapenanso sitima.

Komwe kumakhala

Ziphuphu zimapezeka m'makona onse a dziko lapansi. Zambiri mwa izi zimapezeka kwambiri ku North (mpaka Alaska) ndi South America, komanso kumapiri ndi nkhalango za ku Eurasia. Akamberembere ang'ono amakhala ku Africa ndi Australia.

Zombazi zimakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zakale, popeza zimathamangitsidwa m'malo osakira ndi osaka omwe amawombera.

Goshawk (Wothirira ulemu)

Mawonedwe akulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwa amuna kumayambira pa 630 mpaka 1100 g, kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira masentimita 55, mapiko kuyambira 98 mpaka 104. Akazi ndi okulirapo, kutalika kwawo kumayambira 860 mpaka 1600 g, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa cm 85, mapiko ndi masamba a 105 mpaka 115. Pamaso pa maso Mbalame zimakhala ndi mikwaso yoyera komanso yayitali yomwe pafupifupi imasinthana kumbuyo kwa mutu. Utawaleza wa mbalame zachikulire ndi zofiira kapena zofiirira, zochepera - zachikaso zowala.

Ziwonetsero zochokera kumaso amtambo mpaka zakuda. Kumbuyo, mutu ndi kuphimba kwa mapiko kumakhala kwakuda, mimbayo ndi yopepuka ndi mitsitsi ya imvi yopindika. Mchira wake ndi imvi yopepuka ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Thupi lakumwamba, mutu ndi mapiko a achinyamata ndi zofiirira, chifuwa ndi choyera ndi mikwingwirima yayitali.

Mitunduyi imakonda kwambiri nkhalango zachilengedwe komanso zowola komanso m'mapiri a ku Europe ndi North America.

Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)

Nyama yokhala ndi mbewa zazing'ono yokhala ndi mapiko aifupi, lalifupi, ndi mchira wautali. Kutalika kwamunthu wamwamuna wamkulu kumayambira 29 mpaka 34 cm, mapiko ake ndi 59-64 masentimita. Akaziwo ndi okulirapo pang'ono, mpaka 41 cm kutalika ndi mapiko a 67 mpaka 80 cm, ndipo amalemera kuyambira 186 mpaka 345 g. Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi tsitsi. m'maso amdima, nthawi zina ndimtambo wamtambo. Pamimba yokhala ndi tint yofiirira pali mikwingwirima yotuwa. Utawaleza ndi lalanje-wachikasu kapena lalanje. Chachikazi chimakhala ndi khungu la bulauni kapena la bulauni, maso ake ndi achikaso chachikaso.

Amakhala m'malo ozizira komanso otentha ku Europe. Kuchokera kumadera ozizira kumasunthira nyengo yachisanu kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa kupita ku Asia. Amakhala munkhalango, pafupi ndi malo.

Crested Hawk (Accipiter trivirgatus)

Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumayambira 30 mpaka 46 cm. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Pamutu pali chovala chachifupi. Mchirawo ndi wautali, mapiko ndi otakata, afupi. Amuna ndi a bulauni. Mwa akazi, tummy imakhalanso bulauni.

Malo okhala mitunduyi akuphatikizira kumwera kwa Asia (India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Philippines). Amakonda kukhala m'malo otsika, otentha komanso otentha.

Short-toed Hawk (Accipiter soloensis)

Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 30 mpaka 36 cm, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna zazitali. Chimafanana ndi mawonekedwe ochepa a sparrowhawk, koma popanda mawonekedwe opindika pamimba komanso zala zazifupi. Mu mbalame zazikulu, nsonga za mapiko ndi zakuda. Kumbuyo kwamphongo ndi imvi, tummyamu ndi zoyera, utawaleza ndi wofiira. Yaikazi imakhala ndi bere lofiira komanso utawaleza wachikasu. Mbalame zazing'ono wokhala ndi akazi.

Mitunduyi imadzala kum'mawa kwa China, Peninsula ya ku Korea, komanso kumwera kwa Primorsky Krai ku Russia. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Mawonedwe osamukira, amawulukira ku nyumba yozizira ku Indonesia ndi Philippines.

Madagas Hawk (Accipiter francesii)

Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwo ndi masentimita 21-29, mapiko ndi kuyambira 40 mpaka 54 cm. Akazi ndi akulu. Kumbuyo kwamphongo ndi imvi yakuda, mutu ndi imvi. Mchira wa imvi wokongoletsedwa ndi chingwe chakuda. Tummy yoyera ndi yoyera yopyapyala yofiirira kapena yofiirira pachifuwa ndi m'mbali. Pali malire oyera pamapiko. Akazi amakhala a bulauni pamwamba, ndipo ali ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yofiirira pamchira. Kuwala kwamtunda kwamtunda ndi mitsinje. Utawaleza, sera ndi chikasu chachikasu. Ndipo mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira.

End End ku Madagascar, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango, malo obisika m'nkhalango, komanso m'mapaki, m'minda yayikulu, paminda. Imachitika pamalo okwera mpaka 2000 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Light Hawk (Accipiter novaehollandiae)

Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 44 mpaka 55 cm, mapiko a 72-101 cm. Amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa zazikazi kukula. Kwa hawk wopepuka, zoyera ndi zoduwa ma morph zimasiyanitsidwa. Zambiri mwa imvi zimayambira imvi kumutu, kumbuyo ndi mapiko, kunsi kuli zoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pachifuwa. Mapira ndi oyera. Thonje loyera limapakidwa loyera kwathunthu. Mauta amvula onsewa ndi ofiira-lalanje kapena ofiira akuda, miyendo ndi yachikaso.

Mwa achichepere a imvi, iris ndi nape ndi zofiirira; mikwingwirima imawonetsedwa pachifuwa ndi kumtunda kwa mchira.

Magawo omwe amagawidwawa akuphatikizapo nkhalango, nkhalango zonyowa, mitsinje ndi madambo m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Australia, ndi Tasmania.

Waku Australia brown Hawk (Accipiter fasciatus)

Wokhala ku zilumba za Fiji. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi imvi ndipo khosi lofiirira. Mimba yofiyira yokhala ndi mivi yoyera. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa masentimita 45 mpaka 55, mapiko ndi 75-95 cm. Akazi ndi okulirapo. Kuchuluka kwa amphongo kumafika 220 g, kwa akazi ndi 355 g.

Striped Hawk (Accipiter striatus)

Mbedza yaying'ono kwambiri ku North America. Kutalika kwamphongo zazimuna kumayambira 24 mpaka 27 cm, kwa akazi kuyambira 29 mpaka 34 cm. Mapikowo ndi masentimita 53 - 65. Kuchulukitsa kwa amuna kumayambira 87 mpaka 114 g, akazi ndi 150-218 g. Mutu umakhala wocheperako, wozungulira bwino. Mchira wake ndi wafupi. Bill ndi lakuda, laling'ono, lokhala ngati mbewa. Mapiko amafupika mozungulira, amdima pansi. Zovala zake ndizazikulu, zakuthwa. Zowonjezerazo ndi imvi zakuda, chisoti chachifumucho ndi chakuda, chifuwa, m'mimba ndi pansi pamatayala ndizowala, ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopyapyala. Utawaleza. Miyendo ndi yachikasu. Mchira pali zingwe zoyera. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, korona, nape ndi kumbuyo ndi zofiirira, utawaleza ndi wachikasu.

Mbalameyi imakhala ku Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina.

Mdima Nyimbo Hawk (ma Melierax metabates)

Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 38 mpaka 51 cm. Kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mutu ndi imvi zakuda, chifuwa ndi khosi ndi imvi yopepuka. Mimba yake ndi yoyera, yopindika. Nthenga ndi mchira wake ndi imvi kapena yakuda. Mchirawo ndiwoyera pamwamba. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu wokhala ndi imvi. Mapapu ndi ofiira.

Mitunduyi imakhala m'misasa ndi m'nkhalango za kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa.

Voterani

Mawu a kambukuwa amafanana ndi kukuwa kwambiri, ndipo “mawu” akulira a mbalamezi amamveka kumapeto kwa malo. Kwa amuna, kufuula nthawi zambiri kumayenda bwino.

Kulira kwa kambukuku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osaka nyama kuwopseza mbalame; pakumva izi, nyama imangoyala m'malo mwake kuti ithawe chilombo ndipo igwere m'manja mwa osaka.

Zosangalatsa

• Kumene mawu oti hawk m'zinenelo zosiyanasiyana amagwirizanitsidwa ndi tanthauzo la "lakuthwa", "lakuthwa", "othamanga", "uluka mwachangu ", zomwe zikuwonetsa chikhalidwe ndi momwe mbalameyo imakhalira.
• Mu nthano zambiri ndi nthano zambiri za anthu padziko lapansi, akambuku, pamodzi ndi chiwombankhanga, amadziwika kuti ndi amithenga a milungu. Anthu okhala ku Egypt wakale amapembedza fano la kambuku, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti maso ake ndi chizindikiro cha mwezi ndi dzuwa, ndipo mapiko ake amaimira kumwamba. Asirikali omenyera nkhondo adayika chifanizo cha kaphiri pamipanda yawo, monga chisonyezo cha kulimba mtima, mphamvu komanso mwankhanza kwathunthu kwa adani.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Goshawk

Mtundu wa akambuku a goshawk amaonedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mbalamezi zinakhalapo kale. Nthawi zambiri, anthu akuba ankawaganizira kuti ndi amithenga a milungu, ndipo ku Egypt wakale kunali mulungu wokhala ndi mutu wa mbalameyi. Asilavo adalemekezanso akuba ndikuyika chifanizo cha mbalame pamakopa ndi malaya amanja. Kuyendetsa nkhuku ndi kusaka ndi mbalamezi ndizoposa zaka 2000.

Kanema: Goshawk

Mbawala ya goshawk ndi imodzi mwazinyama zokhala ndi mbewa zazikulu kwambiri. Miyezo ya kambuku yamphongo imayambira 50 mpaka 55 masentimita, kulemera kumafika pa kilogalamu 1.2. Akazi ndi okulirapo. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kufika masentimita 70, ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu awiri. Mapiko a kambuku ali mkati mwamamita 1.2-1,5.

Chochititsa chidwi: Chifukwa cha mapiko akuluakulu, kambuku amatha kukonzekera moyenera kukwera m'mlengalenga komanso kwa mphindi makumi angapo kuti ayang'ane nyama yoyenera, kuthawa popanda kuchita chilichonse.

Nyama yolusa yamapiko ndiyovuta, ili ndi mutu waching'ono komanso khosi lalifupi koma losunthika. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwikiratu ndi kupezeka kwa “nthenga”, zomwe sizimapezeka mwa mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimadya. Mbalameyi imakutidwa ndi maimidwe owirira amvi ndipo nthenga zochepera zokha zimakhala ndi kuwala kapena kuyera, zomwe zimapangitsa mbalameyo kukhala yokongola komanso kukumbukira bwino.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mthunzi wa nthenga za hawk zimatengera malo ake. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto zimakhala ndi zowuma komanso zowala, pomwe owerenga a mapiri a Caucasus, m'malo mwake, ali ndi nthenga zambiri zakuda.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi goshawk ikuwoneka bwanji

Monga tanena kale, kuwonekera kwa khungubwe la goshawk kumadalira gawo lomwe mbalameyo imakhala.

Timalemba mitundu yayikulu ya mbalame ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe:

• European Goshawk. Woimira wamtunduwu ndiye wamkulu kwambiri pamtundu wonse wa goshawks. Komanso, zojambulazo zamtunduwu ndizakuti zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zamphongo pafupifupi kamodzi ndi theka. Katundu wa ku Europe amakhala pafupifupi ku Europe, ku North America ndi ku Morocco. Komanso, kuoneka kwa mbalame ku Morocco ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu angapo adamasulidwa mwadala kuti athe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nkhunda,
• African Goshawk. Ili ndi kukula kocheperako kuposa kambuku waku Europe. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wachikulire sikupita masentimita 40, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira 500 magalamu. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi nthenga zingapo kumbuyo kwake ndi mapiko ake, komanso nthenga zotuwa pachifuwa chake.
• kambuku wa ku Africa ali ndi miyendo yolimba kwambiri ndi zibwano zamphamvu komanso zokometsetsa, zomwe zimamupatsa mwayi wogwira masewera ochepa. Mbalameyi imakhala kudera lonse la Africa kupatula kumadera akumwera ndi louma.
• kachikwama kakang'ono. Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, ndi mbalame yaung'onoting'ono yolusa. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 35, ndipo kulemera kwake pafupifupi 300 magalamu. Ngakhale kuti ili kutali ndi kukula kwake, mbalameyi imakonda kudya kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwira masewera awiriwo kulemera kwake. Mtundu, khungubwi yaying'ono si yosiyana ndi goshawk yaku Europe. Nyamayi imakonda kukhala kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Africa,
• kachoko. Mbalame yachilendo kwambiri, yomwe idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha mtundu wowala kwambiri. Kukula kwake ndi kakhalidwe kofanana ndi kofananira kwathunthu ndi mnzake waku Europe. Pazonse, pali anthu pafupifupi 100 a goshawk yoyera, ndipo onse amapezeka ku Australia,
• phokoso lofiirira. Woimira zachilendo kwambiri wabanja la hawk. Zili zofanana kukula ndi mbalame zakutchire ku Europe, koma zimasiyana m'mitundu yambiri (kapena yofiyira). Mbalameyi ndi mabingu enieni kwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, zomwe zimadya kwambiri.

Banja la ma goshawks ndilambiri, koma mbalame zonse zimakhala ndi zikhalidwe zofananira, mosiyana wina ndi mnzake pakuwoneka komanso mawonekedwe ake.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Goshawk kuthawa

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nkhandwe za goshawk ndizogona, ndipo ngati kulibe mphamvu, ndiye kuti nyama zonse zomwe zimadya zangokhala komweko. Chokha kupatula ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa United States of America pafupi ndi mapiri a Rocky. M'nyengo yozizira, palibe zigwiriro chilichonse m'magulu amenewa, ndipo adani omwe amakumana ndi mapiko amakakamizika kupita kumwera.

Goshawk ndi mbalame yothamanga kwambiri komanso yokalamba. Amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, amakonda kusaka m'mawa kapena masana dzuwa lisanalowe. Mbalameyo imagona usiku mu chisa, chifukwa maso ake samasinthasintha kusaka usiku.

Khungubwe imamangidwa mwamphamvu kudera lake, zimayesetsa kuti zisawuluke kunja kwa gawo lake ndikukhala moyo wawo wonse pachisa chimodzi. Mbalamezi ndizopondera. Amapanga banja lokhazikika ndipo amakhala okhulupilika kwa wina ndi mnzake moyo wawo wonse.

Monga lamulo, malo osakira nyama ziwiri za mtundu wina wagwirana, koma osagwirizana. Mbalame zimachita nsanje kwambiri ndi malo awo ndipo zimathamangitsa (kapena kupha) adani ena okhala ndi mbereko akuuluka apa.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ngakhale nkhumba zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zamphongo, gawo lawo limakhala laling'ono 2-3 Ndi amuna omwe amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amapeza banja lalikulu pachifukwa ichi, chifukwa chake kusaka kwawo kuli kokulirapo.

M'malo achilengedwe, mbidzi zimakhala m'malo m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri, pamwamba pa mitengo yayitali kwambiri, kutalika kwake mpaka 20 metres.

Kufotokozera kwa Hawk

Mbawala imakhala ndi mapiko ofupikirapo - mpaka masentimita 35. Izi ndizomveka: akambuku amakhala ndikusaka m'nkhalangomo, ndipo mapiko oterowo ndiosavuta kuwuluka ndikuyenda pakati pa mitengo. Mlomo wapindika, waufupi. Mafuta achikasu amakhala pamwamba pamlomo.

Maso ndi achikasu, lalanje, malekezero ake ndi ofiira, otembenukira pang'ono, osakhala mbali ya mutu, omwe amapereka maonedwe a binocular. Ndiwabwino kwambiri pakawoko - poganiza kuti ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa anthu. Kumva kulinso kokongola, koma fungo la fungo ndilofooka.

Zindikirani!

Pamwambamo zojambulazo zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, wa imvi komanso wonyezimira, ndipo chifuwa ndi chopepuka, ndi mikwaso yowala. Ngakhale pali zosiyana.

Ma goshaw oyera oyera amapezeka ku Kamchatka. Mapikowo ndi otambalala, osalunjika, ngati buluzi. Mchirawo umadulidwa kapena kumadulanso chimodzimodzi. Mapira ndi amphamvu kwambiri, achikasu.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Goshawk ku Belarus

Wamphongo amayamba kusamalira achikazi kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Pafupifupi nthawi ya chibwenzi itayamba, banjali limayamba kupanga chisa ndipo onse amuna ndi akazi amatenga nawo mbali.

Kupanga kwa tchire kumayambira miyezi ingapo nthawi ya dzira litagone ndipo kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Munthawi imeneyi, mbalame zimakhazikitsa chisa chachikulu (pafupifupi mita imodzi). Pomanga, nthambi zowuma, makungwa a mitengo, singano ndi mphukira zam mitengo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nthawi zambiri, mumakhala mazira 2-3 mu chisa cha goshawk. Pafupifupi sizimasiyana nkhuku, koma imakhala yosalala komanso yolimba mpaka kukhudza. Kubaya mazira kumatenga masiku 30-35 ndipo mkazi amakhala pamazira. Pakadali pano, yamphongo imasaka ndikugulitsa bwenzi lake.

Amuna atabadwa, wamkazi amakhalabe ndi iwo chisa mwezi wathunthu. Nthawi yonseyi, yamphongo imasaka ndi mphamvu yatsopano ndikupanga chakudya kwa achikazi ndi anapiye onse.

Pakatha mwezi umodzi, kakulidwe kakang'ono kali pa mapiko, koma makolo akuwadyetsabe, ndikuphunzitsa kusaka. Pakangotha ​​miyezi itatu yokha achokere ku chisa, anapiyewo amakhala odziimira pawokha ndikusiya makolo awo. Kukula kwa mbalame kumachitika mchaka.

Mwachilengedwe, goshawk imakhala pafupifupi zaka 14-15, koma m'malo osungirako zakudya zabwino komanso chithandizo chambiri, mbalame zimatha kukhala zaka 30.

Kodi nkhumba zimakhala kuti?

Achilomboka amakhala pafupifupi ngodya zonse za Dziko Lapansi: kuyambira kunkhalango-tundra kupita ku nkhalango ku Eurasia, onse ku America, Africa, Australia.

Amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ngakhale pali mitundu ina yomwe imasinthasintha mawonekedwe.

Akuebue omwe amakhala kumpoto amasamukira kumwera, ndipo m'malo otentha amakhala ndi moyo wokhala pansi.

Adani achilengedwe a goshawk hawk

Chithunzi: Kodi goshawk ikuwoneka bwanji

Pafupipafupi, goshawk ilibe adani achilengedwe, popeza mbalamezi zimakhala pamwamba pa chakudya chamtundu wazomwe zimadya. Iyenso ndi mdani wachilengedwe kwa mbalame zambiri komanso masewera a nkhalango yaying'ono.

Komabe, nkhandwe zimatha kukhala zowopsa kwambiri kwa nyama zazing'ono. Awa ndi ena mwa nyama zanzeru kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuyang'anira nyama zawo kwa maola ambiri, ndipo mbalame ikakhala yolumikizana, ndiye nkhandwe imatha kuukira akuba.

Usiku, kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi zimatha kuwopseza akuba. Ma Goshawks samawona bwino mumdima, zomwe ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kadzidzi, zomwe ndizoyenera kudya usiku. Amatha kugwirira anapiye usiku, osawopa kubwezera kuchokera kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu.

Mbalame zina zodya nyama, zomwe kukula kwake kupitilira kukula kwa kambuku, zimatha kuwopsa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Hawks ndi chiwombankhanga ku United States amakhala moyandikana, ndipo ziwombankhanga, monga mbalame zazikulu, ndizolamulira ziphokozo ndipo sizimadana nazo konse kuzisaka.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati masewerawa ndi osakwanira, akuba amatha kuchita zanyengo ndikudya abale ang'ono komanso ofooka kapena ana awo. Komabe, chowopsa kwambiri kwa ma goshawks ndi anthu omwe amadyera mbalame chifukwa cha maula okongola kapena kuti apange nyama yokongola komanso yochititsa chidwi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Goshawk Hawk

Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa ma goshawks kukuchepa. Ndipo ngati kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazo kunali mbalame pafupifupi 400, tsopano palibe oposa 200 masauzande. Izi zidachitika chifukwa choti nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, kudakula kowonjezereka kwaulimi wa nkhuku ndipo kwanthawi yayitali anthu amakhulupirira kuti kambukuyo amawopseza nkhuku, atsekwe ndi abakha.

Kwa zaka zingapo, mbalame zochulukazo zidawonongeka, zomwe zidakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa mpheta zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ulimi uwonongeke kwambiri. Zoyenera zachilengedwe zakwiya, ndipo sizinabwezeretsebe. Ndikukwanira kukumbukira "kusaka kwa mpheta" ku China kuti timvetse kukula kwa ngoziyo.

Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa ma goshawks kumagawidwa motere:

• USA - anthu 30,000
• Africa - anthu 20,000,
• Maiko aku Asia - anthu 35,000,
• Russia - anthu 25,000,
• Europe - pafupifupi 4000 mbalame.

Mwachilengedwe, kuwerengera konseku ndi pafupifupi zachilengedwe, ndipo asayansi ambiri opanga zam'tsogolo amachita mantha kuti zenizeni zilipo mbalame zochepa. Amakhulupilira kuti sipangapezekeponso 4-5 wazilomboka amene amakhala pamtunda wa 100 miliyoni. Kuchepetsa nkhalango yobwerezabwereza kumabweretsa kuti chiwombankhanga chichepetse komanso njira zoyendetsera zinthuzi sizikuwoneka.

Sparrowhawk mbalame yokongola yogwira nyama kukhala namwino wamapiko. Mbalamezi zimathandizira kusamalira zachilengedwe zachilengedwe ndipo sizitha kuyambitsa mavuto pamafamu akuluakulu. M'mayiko ambiri, zotetezeka padziko lonse lapansi zimatetezedwa ndi boma, ndipo kusaka kwawo ndi koletsedwa kwambiri.

Ziwawa zaukapolo

Hawks ndiosavuta kupanga. Masiku oyambirira ndi ovuta kudyetsa. Amayenera kupaka zidutswa za nyama pachikuni ndikuikankhira kummero kwake pamene atsegula mulomo wake. Koma patapita masiku ochepa, kambukuyo amatenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwake.

Ndi nkhumba zimasaka m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri masewera, koma ku Africa zimatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito posaka anyani. Zachidziwikire, kambuku sangathe kuthana ndi chimbalangondo, koma amatha kuthana nacho kwathunthu, kenako bizinesi ya agalu ndi osaka.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, akuba amasokedwa ku Caucasus ndi Crimea, kusakidwa nawo, ndikumasulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yosaka.

Kudyetsa chiwombankhanga m'ndende sikophweka. Nyama yopukutidwa imatha kudyetsedwa, koma osakhalitsa. Matumbo awo amapangidwa kuti azithafunika mafupa, nthenga ndi ubweya. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amazigulira mbewa m'masitolo apadera.

Mitundu yamakoko

Mu mtundu wa Hawk, muli mitundu pafupifupi 70, mayina a mbalamezi amawonetsa mawonekedwe awo.

Goshawk ndiye woimira wamkulu wamtunduwu. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 69. Wamkazi wolemera mpaka 1,6 kg, wamwamuna, monga akuba onse ang'onoang'ono. Ogawa Ogawa:.

Mbawala yachi Africa ndi yocheperako kawiri. Msana wake ndi imvi, ndipo sera sakhala wachikasu, koma wonyezimira. Amakhala ku Africa, kupatula kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.

Sparrow-hawk ndiofalikira ku Europe, Russia ndi South-West ya China. Chocheperako kuposa goshawk. Chifukwa chake, amatchedwanso kambuku kakang'ono. Zoweta m'mizere yaying'ono.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ma groshawk salola achibale kupita kumalo awo kokasaka, koma mpheta zimaloledwa kugona mwakachetechete.

Mbawala yowala imakhala ku Australia ndi Tasmania. Mawonedwe agawidwa pawiri - imvi ndi yoyera. Yaikulu kwambiri, mapiko mpaka mita.

Nyimbo yaimbayi imakhala m'malo a nkhalango komanso zisa zaku South Africa. Amatulutsa mawu osangalatsa, omwe adadziwika ndi dzina.

Wofunda wamtali wolowa pakati, amakhala ku India kumadzulo kupita ku Indonesia kum'mawa. Mwambiri mawonekedwe, koma ali ndi crest.

European Tuvik ndi wokhala ku Southern Europe, Crimea, Caucasus. Nyengo ku Egypt, Turkey ndi Arabia. Yapakatikati, imadyetsa mbalame ndi achule.

Red Hawk - mbalame yosowa kwambiri ku Australia. Lalikulu, laling'ono pang'ono kuposa goshawk, mtundu wake ndi wofiyira ndi timitseko.

Mbawala ndi mbalame yokongola modabwitsa komanso yanzeru. Yosavuta yosinthika. Sakonda kwambiri alenje a masewerawa, chifukwa komwe kuli akambanda kumakhala palibe woti asaka. Alimi onse ndi nkhunda sakonda kuba nkhuku ndi nkhunda. Mpaka pakati pa zaka zapitazi adawomberedwa, mpaka adazindikira kuti nkhumba ndizofunikira mwachilengedwe, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makoswe.

Palibe chilichonse mwachilengedwe. Ndipo munthu wokongola - kwambiri.

Hawk: Kufotokozera

Mbalamezi zikuyimira mbalame zodyera za banja lankhandwe. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtunduwu imasiyana m'miyeso yawo yayikulu, ikukula mpaka kutalika kwa mita 0.7 ndikulemera kuposa 1.5 makilogalamu, pomwe zinziri za zinziri ndizochepa kakang'ono kukula (0,35 m) zokha ndipo zimalemera pang'ono (pafupifupi 0,4 kg).

Zochita ndi moyo

Akuebue amakonda kukhala m'nkhalangozi m'nkhalango, kudzipangira zisa pamitengo yayitali kwambiri kuti athe kuyang'anira malo osaka, omwe ali pamtunda kuchokera pamakilomita 100 mpaka 150. Nyamayi imakonda kwambiri nkhwangwa zazitali za mitengo yayitali, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera owuluka. Amayendetsa mosavuta korona wa mitengo kulowera kwina kulikonse, nthawi yomweyo amatembenuka ndikuima mwadzidzidzi, kotero kuti om'tsatira alibe mwayi wopulumutsidwa. Mawonekedwe ofanana ndikuuluka amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa thupi ndi mapiko ake. Chosaka nyama ya hawk ili m'kuwombera kwayo komwe imayang'anirako nyama yomwe idayang'anira. Amagwira nyama yake ndi maulalo amphamvu ndikuifinya mwamphamvu. Zotsatira zake, wolakwiridwayo amalandira kuvulala kosagwirizana ndi moyo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa zibwano zamphamvu ndi zowala. Monga lamulo, kambuku amadya nyama yake yonse, ndi ma ntchentche ndi nthenga, komanso mafupa. Izi zimathandiza kuti mdaniyo azipeza zinthu zonse zofunika m'thupi.

Ziphokoso sizimasiyana mumtundu wamawu amawu osiyanasiyana. Amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi phokoso la "ki-ki-ki" kapena "ki-i, ki-i, ki-i". Tamva kulira koteroko kukuchokera m'nkhalango, titha kunena mosavomerezeka kuti kabawi amakhala pafupi ndi nkhalangoyi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pali mitundu yamtundu wa nyimbo zomwe zimapanga nyimbo zambiri za melodic. Kamodzi pachaka, kuoneka ana obadwa kumene, amayamba kusungunuka, ndipo njira yopukutira imatha kupitilira kwa zaka ziwiri.