Bat - nyama yam'madzi yomwe ndi nyama zomwe zimadya kwambiri, mtundu wa mileme, imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yodabwitsa kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, chipewa ndi nyama yokha yomwe imatha kudutsa mu mlengalenga, pamaziko a kuthekera kwawo komwe amati ndi mbalame. Koma, kumbali inayo, ndi viviparous, amadyetsa ana awo mkaka, zomwe mbalame sizichita.

Khalidwe lausiku la nyama izi komanso maonekedwe owopsa zidayambitsa nthano zambiri kuzungulira iwo, ndipo ena akukhulupirira motsimikiza kuti nyama zazing'ono zomwe zikugona m'malo obisika kumtunda ndizoyipa zenizeni zomwe zimadyera anthu ndi nyama kuti zimwe magazi ake. Sikuti chilichonse mumiyambo iyi ndi nthano chabe.

Magwero a dzina la bat

Dzinalo "bat" linapezekanso mu Chirasha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17, chifukwa cha kumasulira kwa buku la Germany. Mtundu wa zolembedwawu udazika mizu, ndipo umu ndi momwe nyama za gululi zidayamba kutchedwa mileme.

Ku Russia, panali mayina ena: mfuti, zikopa, phwando lamadzulo, kuyatsa kwamadzulo, onyamula mahatchi, ushan, muvi-mivi, tubkonos ndi ena. Zonse zimawonetsera chizindikiro chakunja cha zolengedwa izi zomwe zikuwoneka kapena mawonekedwe a moyo wawo.

Zomwezi zimawonedwa mu dzina lamakono. Nyama zomwe zilibe wachibale ndi makoswewo ndizofanana mawonekedwe. Inde, ndipo kuwomba kwa mfuti kuli chofanana ndi kufinya kwa makoswe, ndipo kutha kuwuluka kumawonjezera tanthauzo lomwe lakhala dzina la gulu la bat.

Mapiko

Chochititsa chidwi chachikulu cha nyamazi ndi mapiko. Zinali chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mtsutsano wautali: batali akadali mbalame kapena nyama.

Mapikowo ndi ziwalo zoonda zomwe zimatambasulidwa pakati pa manja ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Mosiyana ndi mbalame, mileme ilibe nthenga, ndipo nembanemba imalumikizidwa ndi zala zazitali kwambiri zamtsogolo.

Mapiko otengera mapiko, kutengera mtunduwu, amatha kusiyanitsa 16 cm mpaka 1.5. Ngakhale kuli kovuta, amatha kupirirabe katundu wambiri ndikuthamanga kuthamanga mpaka 20 km / h.

Mafupa a Bat

Thupi la nyamazo ndi laling'ono: msana ndi wofupikirapo poyerekeza ndi kutsogolo kosinthidwa ndi zala zisanu zokhala ndi zala lakuthwa. Nyamayo ilibe miyendo yolimba, humerus imafupikitsidwa, kotero kuyenda kwake pansi ndikochepa, chinthu chachikulu kwa iwo ndikuuluka.

Chigoba chimakhala chozungulira komanso chofupikitsa kutsogolo mwa mitundu ina ndikukulira mwa ena. Ngati mumayang'ana mileme, thupilo limakhala losaoneka. Amawoneka kuti ali ndi mutu ndi mapiko.

Nyama zimakhala ndi mchira womwe sukutidwa ndi tsitsi. Kwa ambiri, imagwira ntchito ngati momwe zimakhalira poyendera ndege mukamayenda.

Misozi imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa nyama yomwe siimawona bwino. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse, ndi yayikulu.

Maukonde angapo amitsempha yamagazi amathandizira makutu, chifukwa kutenga nawo gawo m'miyoyo ya mileme kumawapatsa mwayi wotha kusaka ndi kusaka.

Zamoyo zimapanga mawu osabisika, omwe, kuyambira kuzinthu, amabwerera. Njira yakutsata mdziko lapansi imatchedwa echolocation. Kutha kugwira ngakhale mawu akachetechete ndi liwiro la mphezi kumathandiza mileme kuwuluka usiku, kumva kuyenda kwa zomwe zingagwire.

Maso

Amphaka amakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, pomwe pakupanga chisinthiko kudawakhudza. Maso ang'ono-ang'ono pafupifupi mitundu yonse ili kutsogolo kwa muzzle.

Koma kwa nyama izi ndizosiyana. Chifukwa chake, chomera chokhala ndi masamba aku California nthawi zina chimadalira kwambiri pakuwona kuposa kumva pakasaka.

Mleme ukakhala ngati chiweto, ndiye kuti waona kuti sizimangolowa m'chipinda chomwe nyali ili, ndikuyigwira, ikungoyatsa babu, ndipo nyamayo imasiya kuwuluka.

Kwathunthu mileme imakhala ndi mano: m'nsagwada munthu amatha kuwona ma incisors, molars ndi mano asanafike, komanso ma fangs. Koma kuchuluka kwawo, kukula kwake ndi kapangidwe kake zimadalira zomwe mileme imadyera chilengedwe.

Amphaka amenewo, omwe chakudya chake chimakhala ndi tizilombo, ali ndi mano mpaka 38, ndipo kutalika kwa ma fayilo awo amathanso kukhala osiyana. Mu mbewa zoyamwa magazi, monga lamulo, nsagwada imakhala ndi mano 20, ndipo siokulirapo ndipo amakula ngati anzawo osatetezeka.

Ubweya

Mitundu yambiri ya mileme imakhala ndi mtundu wofowoka: bulauni, imvi, imvi. Izi ndichifukwa chakusowa kopita mosadziwika panthawi yosaka usiku. Koma ngakhale pakati pa nyama izi pali ma mods enieni: mitundu ya omwe amadya nsomba ku Mexico ali ndi ubweya wowala wa lalanje kapena wachikasu. Pali mileme mu mithunzi yake momwe mumakhala mitundu yowala: fawn, chikasu chopepuka.

Chipewa chachi Honduran chimakhala ndi ubweya woyera komanso makutu ndi mphuno zachikasu.

Mtundu wa momwe amaphatikizira akhoza kukhala osiyana. Pali nyama zokhala ndi ubweya wonenepa komanso wowerengeka, wautali komanso wamfupi.

Chikopa cha toni ziwiri

Malo okhala nthumwi zamtunduwu ali pafupifupi mayiko onse a ku Eurasia. Mutha kukumana naye ku Russia, kuchokera kumwera kwa Siberia kupita kumalire akumadzulo. Amakhala m'mapiri, m'nkhalango, ndi mapiri. Nyama zina zamtunduwu zimakhala mosavuta m'nyumba za m'mizinda yayikulu.

Kutalika kwa milemeyi kuli mpaka 6.5 cm, ndipo mapiko ndi 33 cm. Nthawi yomweyo, iwo amalemera mpaka 23 magalamu. Mitundu yotere imapangitsa kunena kuti chikopa cha mitundu iwiri ndi chipewa chachikulu.

Mtundu woyambirira wa nyamayo unatanthauzira dzina: makutu, zokumana ndi mapiko ndi pafupifupi zakuda, msana ndi woderapo, ndipo pamimba pake ndi imvi kapena yoyera.

Nthenga zamaso awiri zimadalira tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.

Phwando lamadzulo lalikulu

Izi mileme imakhala ku Europe. Phwando lamadzulo lalikulu ndilo batani lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limakhala ku Russia. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika 11 masentimita, kulemera - 70-80 magalamu, ndi mapiko - 45-50 cm.

Nyamayo ilibe mtundu wowala: nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira kapena yamtumbo, pamimba imakhala yowoneka bwino kuposa kumbuyo. Koma osazindikira kuthawa kwa zolengedwa izi ndizovuta mokwanira, chifukwa kukula kwake ndikosangalatsa.

Poona moyo wa phwandolo, adapeza kuti milemeyi imadya tizilombo tambiri. Ku Russia, amakonda mabuluzi ndi agulugufe.

Amakhala nthawi zambiri m'malo obisika. Popeza kutentha kochepa kumakhala malo, nthawi yozizira, nyama zimasamukira, ndikusankha madera otentha.

Tsamba loyera

Mphete yoyera ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyamba: ubweya wawo ndi woyera ndi mawanga amtundu pang'ono pamimba. Koma mphuno ndi makutu a oimira amtunduwu ndi achikaso chowoneka bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi timapepala. Zikuwoneka kuti nyamayo idadzipukuta.

Uyu ndi m'modzi mwa oyimilira ochepa kwambiri a mileme: kukula kwa thupi sikuposa 4-5 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 7 okha. Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwakuti nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti ndi mbalame.

Chozizwitsa choyera chimakhala ku South ndi Central America, Honduras, Panama. Kwa moyo, amasankha nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse, kumene amapeza chakudya - ficus ndi zipatso nthawi zonse.

Maonekedwe oyambilira a nyamayo amakopa chidwi, motero nyenyeswa kunyumba imachulukirachulukira.

Nkhumba Bat

Oyimira zamtunduwu amaonedwa moyenera ngati ang'ono: kulemera kwawo sikudutsa 2 gramu, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 3-5 cm. Nthawi zina amasokonezeka ndi ma bumblebees.

Ali nalo dzina lawo mphuno yoyambirira, wofanana ndi nkhumba. Mtundu wamba umakhala woderapo, nthawi zina imvi. Chovala pamimba chimakhala ndi mthunzi wopepuka.

Amakhala agalu kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Thailand komanso kuzilumba zina zapafupi. M'malo ena, sizachilendo, chifukwa chake, amawonedwa kuti ndiodetsa mdera lino.

Chomwe chimachitika mwa nyama izi ndi kusaka kwawo palimodzi: nthawi zambiri zimakumana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikuwuluka pamodzi ndikusaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Mipango yaying'ono ndiyovuta kuiona ndi maliseche, motero nkovuta kwambiri kuyang'anira moyo wawo.

Khola lalikulu

Nyama zoterezi zimakhala m'chigawochi kum'mwera kwa Mexico mpaka kumpoto kwa Argentina, komanso ku Bahamas ndi Antilles.

Khola lalikulu ndi batu lalikulu: kulemera kwake nthawi zina kumafika magalamu 80, kukula kwake kwa thupi ndi 13,5 cm.

Nyamazo zimakhala ndi chojambula chosangalatsa: anyaniwa ndi ofiira, nthawi zina ngakhale ofiira owopsa, koma zazikazi ndizazirala, zotuwa.

Dzinalo lachiwiri - chipewa chodya nsomba - milemeyi idalandila chifukwa chakudya. Nyama zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Asayansi apeza kuti kudya nyama ya kalulu, osati tizilombo tambiri, monga mileme yambiri, komanso nsomba zazing'ono, nsomba zazing'onozing'ono ndi achule.

Mwa njira, amatha kuuluka kupita kokasaka, mosiyana ndi oyimira gulu lawo ambiri masanawa.

Usiku wamadzi

Moyo wa oimira mtunduwu adafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi wasayansi waku France, Dobanton. Zinali zomulemekeza kuti nyamazo zinatchedwa dzina lachiwiri - kuwala kwa usiku wa dobanton.

Nyama zing'onozing'ono (zolemera mpaka magalamu 15, mapiko - osapitirira 27 cm, ndi kutalika kwa thupi - 5.5 cm) amakonda kusaka pafupi ndi dziwe, amakonda udzudzu ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayamwa magazi kuti tidye.

Ming'alu yaying'ono ili ndi malo okhala: ku Russia imapezeka kumapeto a Volga, ku Ussuri Territory, ku Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Primorsky Territory, amakhala kumayiko ena: ku Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Mongolia, Italy.

Ndiwosawoneka bwino (ubweya wawo nthawi zonse umakhala ndi mtundu wakuda), ndiwosaka bwino, akuwononga gulu lonse la tizilombo.

Makutu akhungu

Gawo lowonekera kwambiri la milemeyi ndi makutu awo akuluakulu. Ndi kulemera kosaposa 12 magalamu ndi kukula kwa 5 cm, makutu nthawi zina amakhala akulu kuposa thupi. Koma sangadzitame chifukwa cha mtundu woyambirira: ubweya wawo wa bulauni ndi wowoneka bwino.

Zomera m'makutu zimapezeka pafupifupi m'maiko onse a Europe, kumpoto kwa Africa, ku China.

Kwa nyumba zawo, ndizokwanira malo aliwonse: mapanga, nyumba, mitengo. Nthawi zambiri, amawulukira nthawi yachisanu m'malo otentha, koma nthawi zonse amabwerera kunyumba zawo zakale.

Makutu akulu amamulola kusaka ngakhale mumdima wathunthu.

Bat ochepera

Amayesedwa ngati woimira ochepa kwambiri wa gulu lomwe limakhala ku Europe. Thupi lake limakhala lotalika 4cm ndipo limalemera 6. Oimira amtunduwu ali ndi mchira wautali - mpaka 3.5 cm.

Mtundu wa nyama umatengera madera: Nyama zomwe zimakhala ku Asia, ndizotuwa, zotuwa, ku bulauni yaku Europe.

Ziphuphu zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, nthawi zambiri zimasankha zipinda zapa nyumba ndi ma sheds.

Oimira mtunduwu amakonda tizilombo tating'onoting'ono chakudya, chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri, kuphatikiza udzudzu wambiri ndi midges.

Vampire wamba

Mitundu yambiri imafalitsa malingaliro a mileme ngati njenjemera zokhoza kumwa magazi onse kuchokera kwa chinyama kapena munthu. Dzina lina ndi magazi owopsa. Ma enzyme omwe amapezeka m'chiwopsezo cha nyama izi amatha kukhala owopsa: amakhudza magazi. Ngakhale bala laling'ono lingayambitse magazi akulu. Ndipo ngati anthu angapo owononga magazi usiku, ndiye kuti munthu sangaphe.

Ichi si chipewa chachikulu (chosalemera kuposa magalamu 50, ndi mapiko mpaka 20 cm) tsiku lonse, kugona chogona pamalo ake obisala mu gulu lalikulu la abale, ndipo kunja kumadzuka kusaka. Amasankha nyama yomwe agona pakati pa nyama zogona, makamaka amakonda ng'ombe - sangathe kuzikana. Kusankha malo pafupi ndi ziwiya m'thupi, nyamayo imaluma ndikunyambita magazi, omwe amayenda mosavuta kuchokera bala.

Ma njanji wamba amatha kuukilidwa ndi anthu ngati atakhala usiku m'malo omwe amatha kukaona milemeyi.

Malo okhala mitunduyi ndi South ndi Central America.

Vampire-mapiko oyera

Oyimira mtunduwu ali ndi kukula kwamphaka: kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 11 cm, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 40, ndipo mapiko ndi mpaka 40 cm.

Monga vampire wamba, nyama yokhala ndi mapiko oyera imakhala ku South ndi Central America. Chovala chake chimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, wowala pamimba.

Vampire wokhala ndi mapiko oyera amaukira mbalamezo, ndi magazi awo omwe ndi chakudya cha nyamayo.

Boreal vampire

Amakhala m'malo omwewo ngati abale ake, kudya magazi. Koma nthumwi za mtunduwu zimatha kugunda mbalame ndi nyama modekha.

Mosiyana ndi mileme ina, vampire wokhala ndi miyendoyo samamva bwino, choncho mu ndege zake samadalira kwambiri kupendekera kwina monga masomphenya.

Mtundu wonyezimira komanso mtundu wakung'ono umawalola kuyandikira omwe akukumana nawo osawadziwa.

Ofufuzawo ambiri adawona kuti ma vampires okhala ndi miyendo yayitali samawopa anthu: amatha kuuluka pafupi kwambiri, atakhala pafupi ndi manja awo.

Kodi mileto zimakhala kuti?

Ngati tirikulankhula za madera omwe mileme imakhala, ndiye kuti tiyenera kutchula dziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula kokha ndi zigawo za tundra ndi malo okutidwa ndi ayezi. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe iyi, moyo wa mileme ndiosatheka. Palibe nyama izi pachisumbu china chakutali, chifukwa sakanakhoza kukafikako.

M'makona ena onse apadziko lapansi mutha kukumana ndi oimira izi. Ngakhale m'mizinda yayikulu, m'makona a nyumba zokwera kwambiri, mileme imapeza pobisalira.

Nyama m'chilengedwe zimakonda kukhazikika m'mapanga, pomwe, zigwiritsitsa kumapeto, zimagona masana, ndipo dzuwa litayamba kumadzuka kukasaka. Pali m'mapanga momwe mumakhala magulu a bat. Nthawi zina kutalika kwa chimbudzi mwa iwo kumafikira mita, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi kutalika kwa malo awa.

Pomwe mulibe malo achilengedwe, nyama izi zimayikidwa pamitengo, kubisala pakati panthambi. Nthawi zina amakhala m'maenje osiyidwa, amatha kumanga okha malo okhala masamba akuluakulu, mitengo ya chinangwa, ngakhale kukhala pakati pa zipatso zamasamba. Zofunikira zazikulu mnyumba mwawo, momwe matiresi amagona tsiku lonse, ndizachitetezo komanso kusapezeka kwa dzuwa.

Nyama sizimawopa anthu, chifukwa chake zimayikidwa mwakachetechete m'zipinda zam'nyumba, zotetezedwa, ndi zipinda za ziweto.

Makonda moyo

Ziphuphu nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mizinda, momwe mumatha kukhala anthu masauzande ambiri. Mitundu ina masana ikapuma m'matumba, ina imakonda kupendekera pansi ikudzipatula.

Kukhala limodzi sizimapangitsa kuti nyamazo zizikhala pagulu, chifukwa sizipanga chilichonse cholumikizana: zimasaka zokhazokha.

Bats ndi mabanja sizilenga. Kulumikizana pokhapokha pa nthawi yomwe mukutha, nthawi yomweyo amaiwala za wina ndi mnzake.

M'madera omwe muli nyengo yozizira, nyama zimatha kubisala, zomwe zimatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Pakadali pano, milemeyi itakulungidwa m'mapiko awo, yolumikizidwa kumtunda m'malo obisika ndikugona osadya.

Mitundu ina imatha kusamuka kwakanthawi. Ndikayamba kuzizira, amawulukira kumadera otentha. Nthawi zina mileme imapambana pamtunda wamtunda wamtunda pafupifupi 1000.

Ngati zikhalidwe zachilengedwe zilola, nyama zimakhalabe zogwira chaka chonse.

Kodi mileme ingati imakhala?

Funso lokondweretsabe lidatsalira: Kodi mileme yakhala zaka zingati m'chilengedwe? Nthawi yayitali yokhala zaka 5. Milandu ingati imakhala kutengera mitundu. Pakati pa nyama zoterezi palinso a zaka zana limodzi, omwe zaka zawo zimatha kufikira zaka 20.

Mbale panyumba nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera kuposa nthawi yomwe idapatsidwa kwa iyo, popeza ilibe mwayi wogwira ntchito mokwanira.

Kodi mileme imaswana bwanji?

Kubwezeretsa mileme kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha imabala ana amphongo kawiri pachaka. Nthawi yakukhwima ilibe kanthu kwa iwo. Moyo wobisala wa mileme sutilora ife kulingalira molondola momwe machitidwe achimuna amayambira.

Nyama zomwe zimakhala motentha kwambiri zimabereka ana kamodzi kokha. Nthawi zambiri matani amapezeka nthawi ya kugwa, mpaka nthawi yomwe nyama zizipsa. Koma umuna womwe umalowa m'thupi la mkazi samatulutsa dzira nthawi yomweyo, koma umatha kusungidwa mpaka utadzuka.

Pambuyo pa hibernation, mimba imayamba, nthawi yomwe imadalira mitunduyo ndi kutentha kwake: pama kutentha pang'ono, mwana amakula motalika.

Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ziwiri kapena zitatu. Pa nthawi yobereka, mbewa imatembenukira mozungulira. Mwana amabadwa kutsogolo ndi mapazi ake, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri mwa zolengedwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagwera mchikwama, komwe amakhala sabata. Pambuyo pa ana, amabisala m'misasa ndikudyetsa mkaka. Kuthekera uku kwa mileme komwe kunathetsa mkanganowo: mleme ndi nyama kapena ayi, pofuna kuwasankha kukhala nyama.

Sabata yoyamba, wamkazi amatenga mwana wake wamwamuna kukasaka usiku. Amagwira zolimba kwa amayi ake panthawi yothawa. Koma pakapita kanthawi amakakamizidwa kuti amusunge, chifukwa mwana amakhala wolemera, ndipo sizingatheke kuuluka naye kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pakupita sabata, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale ziwiri, ana amakhalabe osathandiza, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amayamba kusaka pawokha pafupi ndi malo awo okhala, osayandikira pamenepo.

Kodi nyama imadya ndi kusaka chiyani kuthengo?

Pafupifupi mileme yonse imawuluka kukasaka usiku kapena dzuwa litalowa. Chowonadi ndichakuti masomphenya awo amakhala olakwika kwambiri kuposa kumva. Mileme yambiri imadya tizilombo touluka. Amamva mayendedwe awo ndikusaka nyama pa ntchentche kapena amapeza masamba.

Pali nyama zomwe zimangosangalala ndi timadzi tokongola tokha ta maluwa ndi zipatso za mitengo yazipatso.

Mitundu ina ikuluikulu imadyedwa ndi nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tina tambiri.

Pakati pa mileme pali mkate, womwe umaphatikizapo achule ndi nsomba zazing'ono, kupatula tizilombo. Nyamazo zimawulukira pamwamba pamadzi ndikuwona komwe zingagwire.

Koma kuthana ndi magazi mitundu itatu yokha, ndipo amakhala ku South ndi Central America. Amawuluka kukasaka usiku, amapeza nyama, amaluma ndikunyambita magazi.

Adani a Bats

Amphaka alibe adani ambiri mwachilengedwe, ngakhale kuti nyama ndizochepa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti moyo wamadzulo suwalola kuti azizungulira ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zikugwira ntchito masana. Amakhala m'malo awo okhala bwino kapena amakhala m'midzi ikuluikulu, momwe zimatha kukhala zowopsa kulowa mkati mwa nyama ndi mbalame zambiri.

Koma mbalame zausiku (kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi) usiku zimakonda kulimbana ndi mileme, ngakhale ndizovuta kuzisaka;

M'malo amtunduwu, momwe njoka zambiri zamitengoyi zimakhalira, mileme, yobisala nthambi, siokoma. Masana, nyamazo, monga lamulo, zimagona m'misasa ndipo sizotheka kutengera mdani yemwe akuyandikira. Ndipo sizingathe kuwuluka pakuwala, chifukwa chake zimakumana ndi njoka zomwe zimatha kudya mileme yaying'ono.

Amphaka, makamaka anthu ang'onoang'ono ndi mitundu nthawi zambiri amagwera m'manja mwa akangaude. Satha kuwona tsamba lakutseka mumdima, chifukwa chake kusinthaku sikumathandiza konse. Koma ndikotheka kumva kachilomboka chikugunda muulu wa mileme. Nthawi zina akangaude akulu, omwe amadya zazing'onoting'ono, samapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti agwire imodzi yayikulu - chipi.

Amphaka nthawi zina amakhala chakudya cha nyama zazikuluzikuluzikulu - tchuthi, trokees ndi martens, zomwe zimakwiririka mpaka kugona ndi nyama ndikupha.

Koma mdani wamkulu ndi munthu. Nthawi zina anthu amawononga mileme yonse chifukwa amangoganiza kuti ndi yowopsa. Ngakhale nyamazo zimabweretsa zabwino zambiri, kuwononga tizilombo zomwe zimakhala ndi kachilomboka.

Zimachitika kuti munthu alibe monga cholinga chake kupha mileme. Ma feteleza kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi omwe amapha nyama zouluka.

Kodi phindu la mileme ndi lotani?

Mwachilengedwe, mileme imachita bwino koposa kuvulaza. Pali mitundu yochepa yokha yoyamwa magazi, chifukwa chake sizingatheke kunena kuti ndi mileme yomwe imanyamula matenda.

Koma zimawononga tizilombo, zomwe, kuwuluka kuchokera ku nyama imodzi kupita ku imzake, zimatha kufalitsa matenda. Nyengo, nyama zimadya udzudzu wambiri, nsikidzi ndi agulugufe, ambiri mwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, m'maiko otentha, amadwala kwambiri matenda oopsa.

Amateteza minda ya mile popita ndi minda yaulimi ku tizirombo amene atha kuwononga mbewu kapena kuvulaza mitengo ndi zitsamba.

Mwa kuuluka kuchokera mmera kupita chomera, amathandizira mungu wawo.

Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Mbale zaphonya ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri. M'mapanga ena, momwe zikhalidwe za nyama zimakhalira, mpaka mita ya chimbudzi zimatha kudziunjikira.

Ma michere a mashala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.

Kapeti yakunyumba

Posachedwa, anthu akutembenukira kukhala ziweto osati amphaka ndi amphaka okha, komanso nyama zosowa, zomwe pakati pawo pali nyama. Kunyumba, nyama izi zimazika mizu, koma sizimva bwino ngati chilengedwe. Ngati mukufunabe kusunga bat kunyumba, ndiye yesani kuonetsetsa kuti ali pafupi ndi chilengedwe momwe angathere.

Choyamba, kumbukirani kuti mileme imangokhala usiku. Ngati mukufuna kumuyang'anira masana, ndiye kuti muyenera kusilira nyama yomwe ili mtulo. Koma usiku ziweto zanu zifuna kuuluka, zomwe zingayambitse zovuta zambiri.

Nyumba yachiponde

Ngakhale ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono, gulu lanyumba limasowa ndege yowuluka kwambiri, pomwe chiweto chitha kuwuluka. M'pofunika kukonzekeretsa nyumbayo ndi nthambi, malo othawirako, kuti nyamayo ikhale ndi mwayi wobisala kumapeto kwa tsiku.

Ntchito zofunikira za mileme zimatengera kutentha kozungulira, chifukwa chake, mchipinda chomwe chiweto chimakhalamo, chikuyenera kukhala ndi madigiri 30, omwe ndi okwanira kuti munthu akhale momasuka.

Khola la mbalame nthawi zonse silikhala loyenera kusunga mileme, chifukwa mtunda pakati pa nthambizo ndiwokwanira kuti usiku umodzi wabwino mutha kupeza kuti nyamayo imawuluka pamwamba pamitu yanu ndikusangalala kudya tizilombo.

Kodi kudyetsa bat mnyumba?

M'malo achilengedwe, mileme yambiri imakonda tizilombo, zomwe iwonso ndizogwirika, kupanga ndege zamadzulo. Mwa njira, ndipo kunyumba ayenera kudyetsedwa usiku, kamodzi patsiku.

Mbale panyumba ilibe chakudya chodzidyetsa, chifukwa chake chakudya cha ziweto chizikhala chifupi ndi zachilengedwe momwe zingathere. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti eni ziweto zachilendo azigwira udzudzu usiku wonse ndikupita ndi chiweto chawo kubanki. Kodi azidyetsa chiyani kachilombo kakang'ono, ngati amakhala kunyumba?

Gawo lotsatirali lidzakhala loyenera mileme:

mphutsi za ufa, pupae wa tizilombo, ma gherkins akuluakulu, mazira aiwisi, uchi wachilengedwe, mkaka wamkaka wodyetsa ana mpaka mwezi.

Kudyetsa chiweto sikophweka: mutha kuwonjezera yolk yaiwisi, uchi pang'ono ndi vitamini E pamsakaniza wamkaka .. Muyenera kunyamula nyamayo ndikumupatsa kusakaniza kudzera mwa pipette. Kusunga zosakaniza m'firiji sikulimbikitsidwa.

Tizilombo tomwe timadya nthawi zambiri timasungidwa m'mitsuko, koma kwakanthawi kochepa. Chingwe chomanja chingavomereze chakudya mosangalala, koma sizovuta kwambiri kum'phunzitsa kudya kuchokera m'manja mwake. Ndikotheka kuti poyamba amakana chakudya.

Podziwa zomwe mileme yosusuka imadyera kunyumba, kumbukirani kuti nyama zimatha kudya mpaka theka la zolemera panthawi, zomwe sizingakhale ndi thanzi labwino. Osawakakamiza.

Zosangalatsa zokhudza mileme

Malingaliro adakhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu kuti mileme ndi ma vampires omwe amatuluka kukasaka usiku ndikumwa magazi a omwe awazunza. Kuweruza kumeneku kumakulitsa lingaliro la nyama, koma popanda chifukwa. Panalibe zochitika za mileme zomwe zimakantha anthu, koma ku Central ndi South America pali mitundu yomwe imalumikizana ndi nyama zazikulu zomwe sizimatha kukana ndi kumwa magazi awo. Ngakhale zomwe mileme imadyera kuthengo komanso kunyumba, palibe nyama zonenepa pakati pawo. Zonse ndi zokhudza metabolism yabwino. Amatha kugaya chakudya chonse chomwe amadya theka la ola, ngakhale nthawi ya kusaka kwawo mitundu ina ikhoza kugwira ndi kudya mpaka 60 tizilombo. Asayansi apeza kuti ma enzyme omwe ali mumalo amisala amatha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima. Kamodzi m'magazi a munthu, enzyme imeneyi imaletsa kuukira, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kumachiritsa mtima. Kafukufuku wovuta akuchitika pano. Kukumbukira mfundo zosangalatsa za mileme, ambiri adzazindikira kugona kugona mozama. Palibe mwa oimira ufumu wa nyama omwe amapuma motere. Chowonadi ndi chakuti malo awa amalola mileme kuti ipumule ndikupumula minofu yomwe ikukhudzidwa kuthawa. Ndipo imapulumutsanso mphamvu mukamachoka: nyamayi imangoleketsa zofunda zomwe idasungidwa, imagwa pansi ndikuyamba kuyendetsa. Miyendo yam'munsi ndi yosayenera kwathunthu kuthamanga ndikukankha. Kupeza kodabwitsa kunapangidwa: pachilumba cha Borneo, pali chomera chokongola chomwe chimakopa mileme yokhala ndi mawu apadera. Koma samadya konse, koma amapereka mawonekedwe ake inflorescence ngati pothawirapo. Pobwerera, mileme imasiya chimbudzi chake, chomwe mmera amafunikira kwambiri, kwa alendo ochereza. Symbiosis yachilengedwe motero ndiyopadera.

Palibe zovuta kulingalira, koma m'maiko ena mankhwala amapangidwa ndi mileme. Chifukwa chake, ku India, camphor, mafuta a kokonati, mafuta osungunuka ndi magazi a nyama izi zimasakanikirana ndikugulitsa ngati mankhwala a radiculitis ndi nyamakazi, madokotala aku China amapeza nyama ya nyama monga njira yabwino kwambiri yowongolera. Ku Cambodia, mafuta onunkhira omwe amalumikizidwa ndi mafuta osungunuka a popu amachiza chimfine. Ziribe kanthu momwe mungakumbukire kuti mitundu yambiri ya asing'anga yotchulidwa mu nthano zachikhalidwe imaphatikizanso mileme.