Zaka zana zapitazo, mu magazini imodzi yaku Britain yowerengera za nyama zinthu zingapo zotsatizana, funso lidakambidwa: bwanji maapulo a hedgehog. Sanabwere pa lingaliro limodzi ndiye ...
Ezhik - yaying'ono, imvi, prickly ... Ndani sadziwa hedgehog? Tikaganizira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopeka kwambiri zokhudza moyo wake, palibe amene akudziwa.
Kuyambira buku mpaka buku, kuchokera pa zikwangwani kupita patsamba, chithunzi cha hedgehog wopambana ndi apulo wabwino kumiyeso yake yakumbuyo. Ndani adawona izi? Liti?
Palibe amene adawonapo, koma aliyense akutsimikiza kuti hedgehog amasunga maapulo ndi bowa nthawi yachisanu. Ndipo popeza chakudyacho sichazolowera kuvala m'mano - osati galu, chifukwa! - imalirira zipatso paminga. Ndipo, nthawi yayitali usiku, iye amakata maapulo owundana ndi bowa wouma ndikumadikirira mpaka masika ...
Ndikuwuzani chinsinsi chowopsa: hedgehogs safuna chakudya, chifukwa nthawi yozizira hedgehogs ... kugona. Amagona mokoma kuyambira Novembala mpaka Epulo, ngati zimbalangondo, zikwangwani, achule ndi njoka. Ndipo m'maloto, pang'onopang'ono mumatha mafuta osaneneka, odzikundikira popanda njira pamaapulo. Khwalala ndi nyama yosavulaza. Zakudya zamasamba - mbatata yophika, mpunga, mapeyala, maula, mbewu ndi maapulo omwewo - idyani okha ma hedgehogs omwe amasungidwa. Ndiye ndi ukapolo! Ali ku ukapolo, ngakhale am'madzi okhulupirira - gorilla - ayamba chidwi ndi nsomba ndi nyama. M'malo achilengedwe, zakudya za hedgehogs zimakhala ndi kafadala, nyongolotsi ndi nkhono. Nthawi zina hedgehog imatha kusinthanitsa menyu ndi achule, abuluzi, mazira a mbalame, mbewa ...
Ponena za mbewa. Amakhulupirira kuti hedgehog ndi chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha mbewa, imatchedwanso mphaka. Koma kwenikweni, mbewa si chakudya cha hedgehog. Chingwe sichingafanane ndi makoko amtunduwu, kupatula kuti ndi mwayi kwa iye kupeza chisa cha mbewa. Koma zomwe zimakopeka kwambiri ndi ma hedgehogs ndi zisa zosiyanasiyana - mavu ndi njuchi. Chidacho chimadya tizirombo tosakhazikika tiziwopa kuti palibe kuluma.
Ma Hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amadana ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo njuchi. Mlingo wocheperako wa mercuric chloride, arsenic, ndi hydrocyanic acid sakupha hedgehog. Ndipo adzapulumuka kuluma kwa nambuyo, kuthawa pang'ono ndi malaise, ngati, njoka ili ndi nthawi yoluma isanadye. Komabe, ma hedgehogs samakonda kusaka njoka, zomwe zimakonda kuthana ndi zovuta zina zoyenda panyanja.
Nayi nthano ina yokhudza hedgehog: ngati kuti, atakumana ndi mdani wina kuthengo, hedgehog imatha kupindika pa mpira ndikugubuduka ku ngozi. Ndani adawona izi? Kuti? Ayi, hedgehog imatha kupindika, koma singathe kukhazikika. Minofu yake ya msana idapangidwa mwanjira yoti imakoka mu mpira pokhapokha ngati ikuyenda kapena kumangokhala hedgehog. Akangoyenda, atagona kumbuyo kwake, minofuyo imataya mphamvu zake ndipo hedgehog imafalikira pansi ndi ziphuphu. Kuchokera kwa adani ake - nkhandwe, kadzidzi, kadzidzi zazikulu, zakuba - the hedgehog nthawi zambiri siziathawa ndipo, inde, sizingoyenda. Amayenda m'malo mwake, wopindika mu mpira wamiyala.
Koma hedgehog ilinso ndi adani ena omwe minga sizimapulumutsa. Ndipo onse chifukwa adani awa amakhala mwachidziwikire mu hedgehogs. Awa ndi nkhupakupa ndi utitiri. Nthawi zina, amadwala chifukwa chopanda hedgehog wodzipangitsa yekha. Amapeza, mwachitsanzo, maapulo owuma amtchire ndikugundika mwa iwo. Kuchokera apa, mwina, nthano ya hedgehog yopambana idabadwa.
Kulakalaka kwa ma hedgehogs pamitundu yonse ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi acidic, zinthu za caustic, zinthu zokhala ndi fungo losangalatsa kwakhala kwadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali. Palibe hedgehog imodzi yomwe ingadutse chaza mafuta kapena mpango womwe umanunkhira mafuta onunkhira. Pali nthawi zina pamene ma hedgehogs adatenga ndikudula mabatani a ndudu zawo kapena kuti amayesera "kutaya" nyemba za khofi. Nthawi zina hedgehogs amachotsa nthata mu njira yachikhalidwe, yoyeserera ndi kuyesedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya nyama zamtchire: imalowa m'madzi kumapeto kwa mphuno. Zimathandiza, koma osakhalitsa. Tizilombo touluka tikamayendayenda m'nkhalangoyi, tiziromboti timadzikhalanso ndi singano.
Mwa njira, mawonekedwe awa a hedgehogs - kuti akope nkhupakupa - adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi akatswiri amatsamba opambana. Mothandizidwa ndi hedgehogs, amawerengera nkhupakupa mu chilengedwe cha encephalitis ndi tularemia. Ma epidemiologists ali ndi gawo lina lowerengera - "hedgehog". Ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa zomwe hedgehog imodzi imasonkhanitsa mu ola limodzi lakutha kudutsa m'nkhalangoyi.
Chifukwa chiyani ma hedgehog maapulo?
M'malo mwake, nyama izi sizikudziwa kukwera mitengo, ndipo sizimadya maapulo. Mimbulu, nkhono, ndi mphutsi zimakhazikika muzakudya, kuwonjezera apo, zimakonda kudya anthu ochepa. Chosangalatsa ndichoti ndi amodzi mwa ochepa omwe saopa kudya njuchi ndi mavu. Izi mwina ndizoyenera chifukwa chakuti poyizoni wa tizilombo tosavomerezeka sikukhudza hedgehogs. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti amatha kudya njoka, poizoni wake siivulanso ma hedgehogs.
Tikasungidwa, chakudya cha zinyenyeswazi nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo masamba ndi zipatso, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimatsimikizika chifukwa chakuti anthu zimawavuta kupeza zinthu zofunika zomwe nyama imadyera chilengedwe.
Thandizo Ma Hedgehogs omwe amakhala kuthengo samadya maapulo kapena bowa, sikuwakonda.
Ngakhale zinyenyeswazizi zikagwiritsa ntchito maapulo, sizingawakokere kulikonse. Samapanga nkhokwe nthawi yachisanu, saifunikira, chifukwa nthawi yozizira amakhala nthawi hibernation.
Zosangalatsa. Ma Hedgehogs omwe amakhala m'mzipululu samabisala nyengo yachisanu yokha, amagonanso m'miyezi yotentha kwambiri komanso youma ndipo izi zimatsimikiziridwa chifukwa chosowa chakudya komanso chinyontho. Nthawi izi, kagayidwe kamachepetsa.
Ma singano a hedgehog si lakuthwa kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kuwongolera chilichonse. Masingano si kanthu koma ubweya, munthawi ya kusinthika kwasintha kukhala njira yotchinjiriza.
Zambiri za singano ya hedgehog
Thupi lakumwamba la hedgehogs lili ndi singano, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yoteteza. Ena molakwika amakhulupirira kuti adalowa m'malo mwa tsitsi la nyama, koma sizili choncho. Ma Hedgehogs amakhalanso ndi tsitsi: tsitsi lopyapyala limakula pakati pa singano, limangokhala laling'ono kwambiri kuposa lomaliza, chifukwa chake silowonekera kwambiri.
Ngati hedgehog ili m'malo omasuka, singanoyo imakhala yofewa, koma ngati ngozi zikuwoneka pafupi, ziwetozo zimakhala zovuta. Kutalika kwake, amakula kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 sentimita. Kutalika kwake ndikokwanira kumangogwiritsa ntchito mowonongera, koma kuti mupewe kuluma kwambiri. Ngati mutayang'ana kumbuyo kwa nyama kuchokera patali, mudzazindikira kuti singano siziyang'ana mbali imodzi, koma mosinthika zimakula mbali zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuchotsa kufunikira kwa hedgehog kutembenukira kwa wolakwira ndi mbali inayake momwe singano ikuyang'ana: ziribe kanthu momwe wolakwirayo angathamangire, akutsimikiziridwa kuti azithamangira mazana angapo.
M'makhola ang'onoang'ono, chiwerengero cha singano chimafika 3,000. Ndi zaka, chiwerengero chawo chimakwera mpaka 5-6 zikwi.
Kodi ma hedgehogs amadya chiyani?
Kwa ena, izi ndi vumbulutso, koma ma hedgehogs amatha kuonedwa kuti ndi nyama zomwe zimadyedwa. Zakudya zawo zazikulu zimakhala ndi tizilombo, tomwe timapeza m'nkhalango nthawi zambiri. Atatenga kachilombo, nyamayo imadya, osangosiyidwa. Ma hedgehogs akuluakulu, omwe amakula mpaka 30 cm, amadyanso achule ndi mbewa.
Komanso nyama zimakonda chidwi ndi zinthu zonunkhira bwino. Chidacho chimayamba kukanda mpaka kuti chimalowa ndi fungo ili. Pambuyo pake, madziwo amasonkhanitsidwa mu ma paws ndipo singano amapaka nawo. Asayansi sanadziwebe chomwe chimayambitsa khalidweli. Amakhulupirira kuti umu ndi momwe amalimbana ndi majeremusi omwe amakhazikika pakati pa singano.
Nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, hedgehog amayesetsa kudya kuti apange mafuta. Ndi nyengo yozizira, amasinthasintha ndipo amangodya zofunikira za thupi lake.
Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Ezhik - yaying'ono, imvi, prickly ... Ndani sadziwa hedgehog? Tikaganizira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopeka kwambiri zokhudza moyo wake, palibe amene akudziwa. Kuyambira buku mpaka buku, kuchokera pa zikwangwani kupita patsamba, chithunzi cha hedgehog wopambana ndi apulo wabwino kumiyeso yake yakumbuyo. Ndani adawona izi? Liti?
Palibe amene adawonapo, koma aliyense akutsimikiza kuti hedgehog amasunga maapulo ndi bowa nthawi yachisanu. Ndipo popeza chakudyacho sichazolowera kuvala m'mano - osati galu, chifukwa! - imalirira zipatso paminga. Ndipo, nthawi yayitali usiku, iye amakata maapulo owundana ndi bowa wouma ndikumadikirira mpaka masika ...
Ndikuwuzani chinsinsi chowopsa: hedgehogs safuna chakudya, chifukwa nthawi yozizira hedgehogs ... kugona. Amagona mokoma kuyambira Novembala mpaka Epulo, ngati zimbalangondo, zikwangwani, achule ndi njoka. Ndipo m'maloto, pang'onopang'ono mumatha mafuta osaneneka, odzikundikira popanda njira pamaapulo. Hedgehogs ndi nyama zolusa, zomwe amakonda zomwe ndi achule, mphutsi ndi tizilombo. Chidacho sichimadya maapulo ndi bowa, ndipo makamaka sichimawalekerera paminga yake. Moyo wanu, tsopano, sudzakhala womwewo
Komabe zina ...
Chithunzithunzi cha ma hedgehogs atanyamula mnyumba atanyamula maapulo paminga yawo chimadziwika kwa aliyense. Koma kupeza chithunzi cha hedgehog kapena wopenya ndi maso yemwe anawona nyama, ndikulanda maapulo singano, ndizovuta.
Nthano yokhudza mtima ya kusungitsa maapozi ndi bowa kwa ana ake idapangidwa ndi Pliny Mkulu. Malinga ndi iye, hedgehog "imatha" kudziphatika mwadala zipatso zamphesa, koma nthawi zina maapulo.
M'malo mwake, hedgehog mwathupi sangathe kukwera pamsana pake, kuboola zipatso. Komanso, ma hedgehogs ambiri alibe chidwi ndi maapulo. Mukakumana ndi hedgehog, sayenera kuthandizidwa osati ndi mkaka ndi zipatso, koma ndiwondwere, mazira a mbalame ndi nyama yamzitini ya agalu. Komabe, maudzu achichepere sasamala kuyang'ana m'mundamo ndikudya mopatsa mphesa ndi maula ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatso zowola zingapo zimatha kugwera kumbuyo kwawo ndikugwira singano.
Atapeza chinthu chanunkhira bwino (ma ndudu a ndudu, ziguduli zothira mafuta, maapulo owotchera), hedgehog imayamba kuyinyambita mpaka malovu owundana atulutsidwa. Kenako amaboola pa singano. Nthawi zina "chisangalalo" chachilendo ichi chotulutsa matalala chimatha kupitirira ola limodzi. Ntchito za mchitidwewu sizikudziwikiratu. Malinga ndi mtundu wina - iyi ndi njira yolimbana ndi tiziromboti, malinga ndi njira ina - njira yotsekemera kununkhira kwanu.
Ponena za mbewa. Amakhulupirira kuti hedgehog ndi chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha mbewa, imatchedwanso mphaka. Koma kwenikweni, mbewa si chakudya cha hedgehog. Chingwe sichingafanane ndi makoko amtunduwu, kupatula kuti ndi mwayi kwa iye kupeza chisa cha mbewa. Koma zomwe zimakopeka kwambiri ndi ma hedgehogs ndi zisa zosiyanasiyana - mavu ndi njuchi. Chidacho chimadya tizirombo tosakhazikika tiziwopa kuti palibe kuluma.
Ma Hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amadana ndi zoopsa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo njuchi. Mlingo wocheperako wa mercuric chloride, arsenic, ndi hydrocyanic acid sakupha hedgehog. Ndipo adzapulumuka kuluma kwa nambuyo, kuthawa pang'ono ndi malaise, ngati, njoka ili ndi nthawi yoluma isanadye. Komabe, ma hedgehogs samakonda kusaka njoka, zomwe zimakonda kuthana ndi zovuta zina zoyenda panyanja.
Nayi nthano ina yokhudza hedgehog: ngati kuti, atakumana ndi mdani wina kuthengo, hedgehog imatha kupindika pa mpira ndikugubuduka ku ngozi. Ndani adawona izi? Kuti? Ayi, hedgehog imatha kupindika, koma singathe kukhazikika. Minofu yake ya msana idapangidwa mwanjira yoti imakoka mu mpira pokhapokha ngati ikuyenda kapena kumangokhala hedgehog. Akangoyenda, atagona kumbuyo kwake, minofuyo imataya mphamvu zake ndipo hedgehog imafalikira pansi ndi ziphuphu. Kuchokera kwa adani ake - nkhandwe, kadzidzi, kadzidzi zazikulu, zakuba - the hedgehog nthawi zambiri siziathawa ndipo, inde, sizingoyenda. Amayenda m'malo mwake, wopindika mu mpira wamiyala.
Koma hedgehog ilinso ndi adani ena omwe minga sizimapulumutsa. Ndipo onse chifukwa adani awa amakhala mwachidziwikire mu hedgehogs. Awa ndi nkhupakupa ndi utitiri. Nthawi zina, amadwala chifukwa chopanda hedgehog wodzipangitsa yekha. Kupeza, mwachitsanzo, maapulo owuma amtchire ndikuyesera "kugwera mkati mwawo. Kuchokera apa, mwina, nthano ya hedgehog yopambana idabadwa.
Kulakalaka kwa ma hedgehogs pamitundu yonse ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi acidic, zinthu za caustic, zinthu zokhala ndi fungo losangalatsa kwakhala kwadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali. Palibe hedgehog imodzi yomwe ingadutse chaza mafuta kapena mpango womwe umanunkhira mafuta onunkhira. Pali nthawi zina pamene ma hedgehogs adatenga ndikudula mabatani a ndudu zawo kapena kuti amayesera "kutaya" nyemba za khofi. Nthawi zina hedgehogs amachotsa nthata mu njira yachikhalidwe, yoyeserera ndi kuyesedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya nyama zamtchire: imalowa m'madzi kumapeto kwa mphuno. Zimathandiza, koma osakhalitsa. Tizilombo touluka tikamayendayenda m'nkhalangoyi, tiziromboti timadzikhalanso ndi singano.
Mwa njira, mawonekedwe awa a hedgehogs - kuti akope nkhupakupa - adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi akatswiri amatsamba opambana. Mothandizidwa ndi hedgehogs, amawerengera nkhupakupa mu chilengedwe cha encephalitis ndi tularemia. Ma epidemiologists ali ndi gawo lina lowerengera - "hedgehog". Ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa zomwe hedgehog imodzi imasonkhanitsa mu ola limodzi lakutha kudutsa m'nkhalangoyi.
Mafunso ena osangalatsa ndi mayankho kwa inu: apa mukudziwa, mwachitsanzo, Bwanji kamuna kamasintha mtundu? Koma yankho ku funso Kodi khutu la khutu ndi chiyani? Dziwani Zomwe Ana Ali Ndi Mbuzi Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Nthiwatiwa amabisa mutu wake mumchenga? Mukutsimikiza kuti mukudziwa kuti ndi ma nyanja angati padziko lapansi? ndipo bwanji sitimawona nkhunda?
Nthano yakumbuyo
Modabwitsa, nthano iyi ndi yakale kwambiri kuposa momwe ingaoneke. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, wolemba wake ndi wolemba wakale waku Roma Pliny Mkulu, yemwe amadziwika kuti analemba "Natural History", imodzi mwamalemba ofunika kwambiri akale. M'zaka 77-78. AD Pliny adalemba kuti ma hedgehogs akukwera pamitengo, amagogoda maapulo, ndikugudubuza pansi, akumangirira zipatso kumsana kwake. Wolemba adatinso ma hedgehogs amanyamula zipatso zomwe azisonkhanitsa kudzenje lawo, kusungira chakudya nthawi yachisanu. Pamenepo, Pliny sanakayikire ngakhale pang'ono kuti anali wolakwitsa.
Chifukwa chiyani ma hedgehog maapulo ndi bowa?
Mosiyana ndi zomwe Pliny adanena, hedgehogs sikuti sangathe kukwera mitengo kokha, koma osamadya zipatso ndi bowa. Ndi anyani osavulaza, ndipo amadya kafadala, mphutsi ndi nkhono, ndipo ma hedgehogs amatha kudya achule, abuluzi, ngakhale mbewa zakufa ndi mbalame. Mwa njira, ma hedgehogs ndi amodzi mwa nyama zochepa zomwe sizikuopa, pali njuchi ndi mavu: chowonadi ndi chakuti poizoni wa tizilombo awa sakhudzidwa konse. Chinthu chinanso chofunikira cha hedgehogs ndichinthu china chodzikanira ku njoka ya njoka: pali zochitika zina pomwe amakankhira ndikudya njoka limodzi ndi zotulutsa zakupha.
Ali mu ukapolo, ma hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, koma izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuti anthu apeze kuchuluka kokwanira kwa slugs ndi tizilombo. Kuthengo, palibe zipatso, kapena ndiwo zamasamba, ngakhale bowa sizosangalatsa ma hedgehogs.
Chifukwa chiyani hedgehog imaberekera chipatso kumbuyo kwake?
Ngakhale ma hedgehogs ankadya maapulo ndi bowa, nthawi zambiri amatha kuwadya pomwepo. Hedgehogs sakanakhala ndi chifukwa chokokera chakudya kudzenje lake. Mosiyana ndi zomwe Pliny adanena, hedgehogs musakhale mulu nthawi yachisanu, chifukwa panthawiyi ya chaka amayamba kubisala, ndipo kudzuka kusakudya sikuphatikizidwa mu mapulani awo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ma hedgehogs omwe amakhala m'madambo amagona osati nthawi yozizira: chifukwa chosowa chakudya m'miyezi yotentha komanso yowuma kwambiri pachaka, amagwera nthawi yadzuwa. Chifukwa chake, kagayidwe ka nyama kamachepetsa, kuwalola kuti apulumutse mphamvu yayikulu.
Kodi singano ya urchin imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Singano za hedgehogs si kanthu koma ubweya, chomwe chisinthiko chasanduka chida chodzitetezera. Pakakhala zoopsa, ming'oma imapinda mgululo ndikuyika masingano omwe amawateteza kwa adani. Popanda china, singano izi sizoyenera. Ma Hedgehogs sakudziwa momwe angakwere pansi mawonekedwe a mpira, ndipo singano zomwe sizili zakuthwa kwambiri kuti ugwire chingwe.
Chifukwa chake ngati muwona hedgehog kuthengo, musayese kumudyetsa maapulo, mwina sangawakonde.