Ngakhale zaka 30 zapitazo, woimira pafupipafupi wa asodzi amagwidwa stellate stellate (Acipenser stellatus). Chiwerengero cha nsomba chinafalikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Azov, Black ndi Caspian. Ngakhale njira zamakono zopumira, nsomba zachilengedwe zimagwidwa kangapo. Ndizowona kwambiri kugwira sturateon sturgeon (dzina lachiwiri ndi sturgeon) m'malo osungiramo ndalama, pomwe kufunikira kwa kuwedza kwa sturgeon kukukulira kokha.
Stellate sturgeon zakudya
Zakudya za nsomba zazing'ono zimasiyana malinga ndi malo omwe amakhalamo. Mu Caspian stellate sturgeon, zakudya zimaphatikizapo: mysid, nyongolotsi zam'madzi - nereis, crustaceans. Mu Azov, onjezani ku mndandanda kusungunuka kowotcha, komwe kumapangitsa sturgeon sturgeon kumadyetsa kuyambira wazaka zapakati pa 3-4. Nsomba zazikulu za sturgeon sturgeon zimakonda kudya ma gogo, hamsa, ndi ena oimira marine ichthyofauna.
Nthawi ya zochitika za stellate stellate sturateon
Stellate sturgeon, yomwe kuwedza nthawi yachisanu ndi yophukira sikupereka zotsatira zooneka, ma pecks m'chilimwe ndi masika asanatulutse. Kuti agwire sturgeon, asodzi amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo zoyandama, pansi pamunsi, kuyambira pa donka wamba, pomaliza posintha osachita masewera. Yoyenera nyambo: nyongolotsi - mafunde, mussels, mkate, shrimp, yaiwisi ndi yophika. Nyambo ya stellate sturgeon nyambo - mu maphunzirowo ndi owiritsa mapira, oatmeal, makukha, hering fillet. Mbewu za cannabis zimawonjezeredwa, chinthu chokhala ndi moyo - nyongolotsi zamwazi, mphutsi zosankhidwa.
Wokolola nyengo ya stellate sturgeon
Stellate sturgeon imapitilirabe kuyambira mu Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa June. Kudulira kumachitika m'mitsinje, m'malo omwe mulitali ndi 0,5-2 m / s. Kutengera ndi malo okhalako, kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira (kumapeto kwa kasupe) kochitikira kwa stellateon kumawonedwa. Nsomba zokhwima (zomwe zimachitika mchaka cha 4-6 cha moyo) zimamera pachaka chilichonse, zimadutsa zaka zambiri kupita ku boma 1 nthawi ziwiri. Madzi akatentha kwambiri mpaka kufika madigiri a Celsius, ma stellate sturgeon, omwe amayamba kuzungulira madzi osefukira, komanso magawo ena am mitsinje yodzaza ndi madzi, amayamba kusonkhana m'madzi osaya. Chiwerengero cha mazira achikazi cha stellate sturgeon ndi 60-500 zikwi (Volga toyesa).
Kutengera ndi kutentha kwa madzi, kukula kwa mazira owoneka bwino kumatenga maola 44-80, kenako mphutsi zotsamira zimalowa munyanja. Pakatha zaka 4, ena mwa iwo adzabweranso kumadera kumene amatha kuwaza. Kuposa 40% ya stellate sturgeon mwachangu yomwe ili m'matupi amadzi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yopanga ma nsomba omwe amathandiza ma stellate sturgeon kuti azioneka. Achinyamata amasulidwa nthawi yopanga zipatso.
Stellar mphodza kuphika
Stellate stellate amadziwika kuti "achifumu" ngati cholembera, koma nsomba imachita molimba mtima motsatana ndi sturgeon malinga ndi kukoma. Njira zophikira: wowiritsa wowuma, wowotchera grill, wokazinga kumavulira, khutu lophika. Pakati pa gourmets, khonde kuchokera ku stellate sturgeon likufunika, pamodzi ndi zinthu zina za sturgeon. Kuzizira sikofunikira, nsomba zatsopano zangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, nthawi zambiri sizizizira (stellate sturate sturgeon sayenera kugona masiku osapitilira masiku awiri). Stellate sturgeon caviar siwotsika mtengo kuti akhale sturgeon, omwe sasokoneza kupezeka kwake, ndizovuta kugula caviar.
Makulidwe angapo ndi zoyerekeza za stellate sturate sturgeon
Mulingo wovomerezeka kwambiri wa stellate sturgeon ndi kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa 7-12 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 120-150. Zitsanzo zazikulu zimakula mpaka 80 makilogalamu, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 220. Chifukwa cha zinthu (poaching, ecology), mbiri zazikuluzikulu zili m'mbuyomu. Masiku ano, nsomba yakulemera makilogalamu 5 ndi zotsatira zabwino, malo okumbika osiyidwa amasiya mwayi wogwira trofu stellate sturgeon.
Stellate sturateon yojambulidwa mwalamulo inali yayitali masentimita 250, kulemera 80 makilogalamu ndi zaka 27.
Onani zomwe "Sevryuga" ali mu mabuku otanthauzira ena:
Stellate sturgeon -? Stellate wamakani ... Wikipedia
stellate sturgeon - sturgeon, sturate sturgeon Dictionary of Russian matchulidwe. stellate sturgeon noun, kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe: 6 • moto (7) • sturgeon ... Kamwini ka mawu ofanana
Stellate sturgeon - nsomba zam'banja la sturgeon. Mtanthauzira mawu ofanana. 2012 ... Culinary Dictionary
STELLATE STURGEON - Sevryuga, nsomba zosamukasamuka (banja la sturgeon). Kutalika mpaka 2.2 m, kulemera mpaka 80 kg. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, Azov ndi Caspian. Kufalikira m'mitsinje. Cholinga cha usodzi ndi kuswana. Chiwerengerochi chimachepetsedwa chifukwa cha malamulo oyenda ... ... Encyclopedia yamakono
STELLATE STURGEON - nsomba zosamukasamuka za banja la sturgeon. Kutalika mpaka 2.2 m, kulemera kwa 80 kg. M'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, Azov ndi Caspian. Kufalikira m'mitsinje. Cholinga cha usodzi ndi kuswana. Chiwerengerochi chimachepetsedwa chifukwa chakuwongolera koyenda kwamtsinje (zazikuluzikulu ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
STELLATE STURGEON - Sevryuga, sturateon, akazi. Nsomba kuchokera kubanja. sturgeon. Mtanthauzira wamanthau Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
STELLATE STURGEON - Sevryuga, ndi, akazi. Nsomba zazikulu zamalonda sturgeon. | kuchepa stellate sturgeon, ndi akazi. | adj. stellate sturgeon, Hei, Hei. Buku Lofotokozera Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov
STELLATE STURGEON - (Acipenser stellatus), nsomba zosamukasamuka za genus sturgeon. Chifukwa mpaka 220 cm, kulemera mpaka 80 makilogalamu. Phokoso lamtunda, lothothoka. Mlomo wapansi umasokonekera. Antennae popanda zingwe. Zosakhalitsa hl arr. kupita kumabasi. Nyanja za Caspian, zakuda ndi Azov. Pali masika ndi nthawi yozizira ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary
Stellate sturgeon - Stellate sturgeon, yemawangamawanga, chevrug (Acipenser stellatus Pall.) Nsomba kuchokera ku genus sturgeon (Acipenser). Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mtundu S. ndi kamkokota kakang'ono kwambiri. Mlomo wapansi wokhazikitsidwa umagawika pakati ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, antennae osalala sakhala ... ... Brockhaus ndi Ephron Encyclopedia
STELLATE STURGEON - nsomba zamabanja a sturgeon (onani) ... Encyclopedia yachidule ya pabanja
Stellate sturgeon - Sevryuga, nsomba zosamukasamuka (banja la sturgeon). Kutalika mpaka 2.2 m, kulemera mpaka 80 kg. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, Azov ndi Caspian. Kufalikira m'mitsinje. Cholinga cha usodzi ndi kuswana. Chiwerengerochi chimachepetsedwa chifukwa cha malamulo oyenda ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Onani mafotokozedwe
Stellate sturgeon ndi nsomba yayikulu ya sturgeon yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa 3 mpaka 10 kg ndikufika kutalika kwa 1 m. Nkhani za kugwidwa kwa nthumwi zazikulu zamtundu wolemera kuposa makilogalamu 150 kulemera kwake ndi 2.2 mita zalembedwa.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwakanthawi kwa zishango za sturgeon kumawonekanso mu stellate sturgeon. Chachilendo cha kapangidwe ka nsikidzi mu mtundu uwu ndikuti zigawo zamiyala zimaphimba kutentha kumbali pakati pa mizere yawo.
Pakamwa, monga ma Sturgeons onse, ali pansi pamunsi. Imakula pang'ono pafupi ndi gill. Mlomo wam'munsi wa nsomba umakhala pang'onopang'ono, tinyanga timakhala tatifupi, popanda mphonje. Pachithunzi choyambirira cha branchial pali 26 stamens.
Ndalama yam'mbuyo ili ndi ma ray 46, ma anal anal mpaka 29.
Habitat
Zimatanthauzira kusunthira pansi kwa nsomba zomwe zimakhala ku Caspian, Azov ndi Black Seas. Imalowa mu mitsinje ikuluikulu ya malo osungirako izi: Volga, Urals, Kura, Kuban, ndi Don. Ponena za Nyanja Yakuda, nkhokwe iyi ndi malo apakati pa madzi a stellate sturgeon.
Imafika kumeneko kawirikawiri, kenako, mwangozi kusambira kuchokera ku Kerch Strait. Ku Dnieper, sturate sturgeon sanagwidwe kwa zaka zoposa 50, ndipo ku Dniester - pafupifupi 100. Mwa zovuta zonse zomwe zili mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi mitsinje ya beseni yake, mutha kukumana kupatula sterlet ndipo, kawirikawiri, beluga.
Pali magawikidwe amomwe nsomba zimapangidwira. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, wamkulu kwambiri ndi Ural Sevruga, ndipo yaying'ono kwambiri ndi Kuban (kusinthasintha kwa kulemera ndi 5-10 ndi 6-8 kg, motsatana).
Kuswana
Nthawi yakutha msinkhu, komanso kukula kwake, zimadalira malo omwe nsomba zimatulutsa. Popeza nthawi yayitali ya nsomba (mpaka zaka 30 kapena kupitilira), imatha kuwonjezedwa pakapita nthawi. Kusasitsa kukula mu Ural stellate sturgeon amapezeka zaka 8-9 mwa amuna ndi 11-13 mwa akazi. Mitundu ya Kurin ndi Kuban imacha nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kutha kusiyitsa ana mwa iwo kumaonekera zaka 10-13 mwa amuna ndi zaka 12-15 mwa akazi.
Kutulutsa kumachitika m'mitsinje pa kutentha kwa madzi pafupifupi -18-20 ° C. Kukula kochulukirapo kwa mazira kumakhala pafupifupi 200. Koma nsomba ikalamba kwambiri, imatha kusesa kwambiri. Kubalaza nthawi zambiri kumachitika pathanthwe.
Stellate stellate caviar kumamatira pamwamba. Dongosolo lake ndi 2.5-3 mm. Nthawi yakutukuka imachokera maola 45 mpaka 80 kutengera kutentha. Caviar yambiri imadyedwa ndi nsomba zina. Monga ma sturgeon onse, mphutsi zimayenda munyanja, ndi ochepa okha omwe amakhala m'madzi abwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mwamuna ndi stellate stellate
Nsomba ndi chinthu chofunikira ndi nyama yokoma ndi caviar. Monga ma sturgeon ambiri, imagwiranso ntchito konsekonse - pafupifupi ziwalo zonse za thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga, palibe zinyalala kuchokera ku stellate sturgeon.
Nyama ndi caviar zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, mitsempha ya chord imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokhwasula-khwasula, cartilage imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga glue, bladder yosambira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa vin, etc.
Kusodza kosalamulirika, kuwonongeka kwa mitsinje, komanso kupanga madamu ndi madamu kunapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri achedwe. Kwa zaka zana zapitazi, malo okhala adachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ndipo ngati nsomba zisanapezeke mu mitsinje ya Siberia, tsopano malo ake amaphatikizapo Nyanja za Caspian ndi Azov zokha.
Chifukwa cha zochitika zachuma cha anthu, kupangika kwachilengedwe kwa stellate sturgeon pakalipano kumachitika mu mtsinje wa Ural zokha. M'madera ena onse, anthu amabwezeretsedwanso kokha chifukwa cholimidwa kwa nsomba m'mafamu a nsomba. Mu 2018, 90% ya achinyamata stellate sturgeon anali ochokera kuukadaulo. M'malo mwake, malingaliro ali pafupi kutha.
Koma, kumbali ina, padakali kupita patsogolo pakusamalira zolengedwa zaka khumi zapitazo. Amayang'aniridwa kuti athetse kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, pali minda yambiri yosamalira nsomba m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Ma tapas awiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polera: Nyama zazing'ono zokhala ndi chaka chimodzi pokhazikika m'malo okhalamo anthu akuluakulu kuti azipeza mazira.
Usodzi wa Stellar
Poganizira zangozi za anthu, komanso momwe zinthu zikukhalira tsopano, usodzi uliwonse mu malo achilengedwe ndi woletsedwa. Kuyambira 2000, stellate sturgeon sitingagwire nyanja ya Azov, ndipo kuyambira 2005 ku Caspian. Mukuda, mtunduwu sunawoneke kwa nthawi yayitali.
Komabe, muyenera kuyang'ana malo ngati amenewa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti malo ambiri osungirako amadzaza ndi sterlet kapena sturgeon, koma ngati mungafune, mutha kupeza malo osungirako "stellate". Pakadali pano, kuwerengera zamtunduwu kumachitika, mwachitsanzo, m'malo otere:
- "Mikhailovskaya Sloboda" (Nyanja ya Gorodnoye) - mudzi wokhala ndi dzina lomweli m'dera la Moscow,
- KPH "Mapiri Owala", dera la Moscow, chigawo cha Krasnogorsk, pos. Mapiri Owala
- Gulu lalikulu la BigKarp (madamu a Krasnogorsk), dera la Moscow, Krasnogorsk,
- Club "Catch", dera la Vladimir., Chigawo cha Suzdal, ndi. Gwira.
Tikiti ya tsiku ndi tsiku yosungiramo zinthu zotereyi imakhala kuchokera 1500 r. mpaka 2500 p. munthu aliyense. Mitengo yosaka nthawi zambiri imakambitsirana kwanuko.
Kanema: Monkey
Sturgeon, kumene sturgeon yake ndi ya banja, ndi imodzi mwa mabanja akale kwambiri okhala ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri, am'madzi am'madzi otentha, am'madzi otentha komanso am'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyanja ndi magombe a Europe ndi North America. Amadziwika ndi matupi awo otalika, kuchepa kwa masikelo ndi kukula kwake kwakakulu: ma sturgeon kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 m kutalika ndizofala, ndipo mitundu ina imakula mpaka 5.5 m. Sturgeon ambiri amakhala odyetserako pansi, otumphuka kumtunda ndikudyetsa m'madzi amtsinje ndi ma estuaries. Ngakhale ena ndi madzi abwino, ochepa sanyalanyaza nyanja yam'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Stellate sturgeon imasambira mu madzi abwino otentha, brackish ndi nyanja zamadzi. Amadyanso nsomba, zigamba, nkhanu ndi mphutsi. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian komanso Nyanja ya Azov. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chili m'chigawo cha Volga-Caspian. Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana yamitunduyi. Ena nsomba amatuluka nthawi yozizira, ndipo ena mu masika.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi stergeon sturgeon imawoneka bwanji?
Zochitika wamba za sturgeon ndi izi:
- m'munsi mwa mafupa simakhalamo msana, koma mawu osangalatsa a mtima.
- Mapeto ake ndi kutali ndi mutu,
- mphutsi zimakula nthawi yayitali, kudya zinthu zomwe zili mu yolk sac,
- pectoral fin anterior ray - chozungulira,
- motsatira thupi (kumbuyo, m'mimba, m'mphepete) pali mizere ya mizere ikuluikulu. Pakati pawo, nyamayo imakutidwa ndi ma tubony ochepa a bony, granules.
Stellate sturgeon ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda. Ili ndi mitundu iwiri - dzinja ndi masika. Amasiyana ndi nsomba zina zonse za banja la sturgeon mawonekedwe. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya stellate sturgeon ndi mphuno yayitali kwambiri, yopangidwa ngati mbawala. Mphumi za nsomba iyi ndizotuluka, zingwe zopyapyala komanso zosalala sizifikira pakamwa, milomo yotsika imayamba kupangika bwino.
Thupi la stellate sturate sturgeon, ngati mphuno, limakhala lalitali kutalika, mbali iliyonse ndi kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi zishango zolumikizana bwino kwambiri. Thupi la nsomba imeneyi limakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni komanso kuwala pang'ono kwamtambo wakuda kumbuyo ndi m'mbali ndipo limakhala ndi mzere woyera pamimba.
Stellate sturgeon ndi nsomba yocheperako, ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi muzzle wake, womwe ndi wautali, wowonda komanso wowongoka. Zolakwika zazing'ono ndizochepa. Izi zimasiyanitsa stellate sturgeon ndi sturgeon, yomwe idapezeka m'madzi aku Finland m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kumbuyo kwa stellate sturgeon kumakhala kwamtambo wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira, m'mimba nkuti. Mphepete zam'mbali ndizotumbuluka. Stellate sturgeon ndiwotsika pang'ono kukula kwambiri kwa ma sturgeon ambiri. Kulemera kwake kokwanira pafupifupi makilogalamu 7-10, komabe, anthu ena amafikira kutalika kwa mamitala 2 ndi kulemera kwa 80 kg.
Kodi sturateon amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Sevryuga ku Russia
Stellate sturgeon amakhala m'madzi a Caspian, Azov, Black ndi Aegean, kuchokera komwe amalowa m'milandu, kuphatikizapo Danube. Mtunduwu suwapezeka ku Middle ndi Upper Danube, nthawi zina nsomba zimasamukira kumtunda ku Komarno, Bratislava, Austria kapena Germany. Pazocheperako, mtunduwu umapezeka kunyanja za Aegean ndi Adriatic, komanso ku Nyanja ya Aral, komwe idayambitsidwa kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Caspian mu 1933.
Panthawi yosamukira, ma stellate sturgeon adagweranso m'mabwalo amtsinje wa Lower Danube, monga mitsinje ya Prut, Siret, Alt ndi Zhiul. Ku Middle Danube, adasamukira kumtsinje wa Tisu (mpaka ku Tokai) ndi kumunsi komwe kumapezeka misasa yake, mitsinje ya Maros ndi Körös, komanso kufikira kukamwa kwa Mtsinje wa Zagyva, malo otsika a mitsinje ya Drava ndi Sava komanso mkamwa mwa Mtsinje wa Morava.
Chifukwa chakuwongolera komanso kutsekedwa kwa mitsinje, dera la stellate sturateon m'mphepete mwa Caspian, Azov ndi Black Sea lachepa kwambiri. Malo omwe mabala awola kwambiri, ndipo njira zosunthira ndi nthawi yasintha. Pakadali pano, anthu ambiri mumtsinje wa Danube amasamukira kumadamu a Iron Gate okha.
Stellate sturgeon nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'madzi osaya a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'malo otsika a mitsinje. Nyama zing'onozing'ono zam'munsi ndizomwe zimapatsa chakudya chachikulu kwa achikulire, ndipo plankton imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yazakudya poyambira maselo oyambira.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe stellate sturgeon amakhala. Tiyeni tidziwe zomwe nsomba izi zimadya.
Kodi stellate sturgeon amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Stellate sturgeon kunyanja
Mitundu 7 yodziwika kwambiri ya sturgeon, kuphatikiza sturateon, fumbi lotayikira m'madzi ndi mitsinje, imadyetsa makamaka nsomba zazinkhanira, shrimp, nkhono, mbewu, tizilombo tokhala m'madzi, mphutsi, nyongolotsi zazitali ndi mapira.
Chochititsa chidwi: Sevryuga amasiya kudya akangoyamba kusamukira. Atangofalikira, amabwerera kunyanja mwachangu, komwe amayamba kudyetsanso.
Ma stellate sturgeons ndi abwino kudyetsa pansi chifukwa ali ndi tinyanga tambiri pansi pa nkhope zawo kuti adziwe nyama zapansi komanso mkamwa mwawo wautali komanso wonyezimira kuti ayamwe nyama.Matumbo am'mimba a stellate sturgeons nawonso ndi apadera kwambiri chifukwa makoma am'mimba mwawo amakhala ndi vuto lofanana ndi m'mimba, matumbo a akulu amakhala ndi epithelium yogwira ntchito, ndipo matumbo awo am'mbuyo amatha kukhala maavalavu ozungulira.
Ma stellgeon opanga tokha opezeka m'madziwe achinsinsi amafunika mavitamini, mafuta, mchere, ndi mapuloteni osachepera 40% (ambiri nsomba). Mwa mavitamini osungunuka mafuta, amafunika mavitamini A, D, E, ndi K. Mavitamini awo osungunuka ndi madzi akuphatikizapo B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B6, B5, B3 (niacin), B12, H, C (ascorbic acid) ndi folic acid.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: nsomba za Stellate
Ngakhale stellge sturgeon imayang'ana kwambiri pamadzi amchere chifukwa ndi gwero lofunika la caviar, pali kusowa kwenikweni kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe ndi zochita za nyama zamtchire (kuchuluka kwa nyumba, kuphatikizana, kupikisana mwachitsanzo), komanso zazinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi ulimi (nkhanza, kupindulitsa kwachilengedwe chilengedwe, kupsinjika ndi kuphedwa). Kuperewera kwa chidziwitso sikumangoyambitsa machitidwe a moyo wawo, komanso kumaphwanya lingaliro lililonse loti lingawongoleredwe.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sturgeon imakhala ndi plasticity yayikulu kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kupindika kwapang'onopang'ono. Kuthamanga kochulukitsa kumachitika pamene mtundu umodzi wakhala ndi magulu osiyana-siyana omwe akutuluka mumtsinje womwewo, womwe timawutcha "kuwaza kawiri". Magulu onunkhira amafotokozedwa ngati mpikisano wothamanga ndi nyimbo za anthem.
Magulu otalikirana okhazikika afotokozedwera mitundu ya sturgeon padziko lapansi. Kutuluka kawiri kumachitika m'mitundu yambiri ya ku Europe ya sturgeon. Mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian pali mitundu ingapo yokhala ndi liwiro la masika ndi nyimbo ya anthem: beluga, Russian sturgeon, spike, stellate sturgeon, sterlet. Gulu la masika limalowera mumtsinje nthawi yamasika ndikutulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri ndikukhazikika patangolowa mtsinje. Gulu la heme limalowa mumtsinje nthawi yomweyo kapena gulu litangotha masika, koma ndi oocytes osakhwima.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Stellar stew kuchokera ku Red Book
Mtunduwu umawombera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe imasefukira ndi kusefukira kwamadzi komanso pansi pamiyala pathanthwe pomwe ikuyenda mwachangu. Mazira amawaika pabedi lamiyala yobalalika, miyala yamiyala ndi miyala yokhala ndi miyala komanso miyala yokhala ndi miyala. Zowoneka bwino kwambiri zimaphatikizira kuthamanga kwambiri komanso pansi pamiyala yoyera. Kutsika kwa kutuluka kwa magazi pambuyo pang'onopang'ono ndikukhazikika kwa mazira kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa kutaya kwa mluza. Mu Mtsinje wa Danube, kutchukira kumachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni pa kutentha kwa 17 mpaka 23 ° C. Sizikudziwika zambiri pazomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono za mitunduyi.
Pambuyo pa kuwaswa, mphutsi zamtundu wa stellate sizimangokhala m'munsi ndi pakati pamadzi amtsinje, komanso pamtunda. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakatha chitukuko, kuthekera kwawo kwakuyenda bwino kumawonjezeka. Kugawidwa kwa achinyamata panjira ya Danube kumakhudzidwa ndi chakudya, zomwe zikuchitika komanso zotumphukira. Zimasunthira pansi pakuya kwa ma 4 mpaka 6. Kutalika kwa moyo mumtsinjewo kumatha kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, ndipo kudyetsa mwachangu kumayamba pomwe mphutsizi zimafika 18-20 mm.
Chochititsa chidwi: Stellate sturgeon imatha kufikira kupitirira mamitala awiri m'litali ndi zaka zapamwamba zazaka 35. Zizolo zazimuna ndi zazimuna zimafunikira zaka 6 ndi 10, motsatana. Akazi amatha kubereka mazira 70,000 ndi 430,000, kutengera kukula kwawo.
Monga ma sturgeon ena, sturate stellgeon imalowera mu Mtsinje wa Danube kuti izunguluke pafupifupi chaka chonse, koma pali magawo awiri apamwamba. Izi zimayamba mu Marichi pa kutentha kwa 8 mpaka 11 ° C, mpaka kufika mu Epulo ndipo kumatha mpaka Meyi. Chachiwiri, kusunthidwa kwakukulu kumayambira mu Ogasiti ndipo kumapitilira mpaka Okutobala. Mtunduwu umakonda malo okhala ofunda kuposa ma Danube sturgeon, ndipo kutuluka kwake kumachitika kutentha kwamadzi kupitilira kumene kumakhalapo pakati pa mitundu ina.
Adani achilengedwe a stellate sturgeons
Adani a stellar sturgeon ndi anthu. Kutha msinkhu (zaka 6 mpaka 10) kumawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo chambiri kupha nsomba. Akuyerekeza kuti kuchuluka kwawo m'mabeseni akulu atsika ndi 70% pazaka zapitazi. M'zaka za 1990s, kugwidwa kwathunthu kudakulitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa chogwidwa mosaloledwa. Kuyika pachipala cha Volga-Caspian chokha kumawonetsedwa kukhala kotalika ka 10-12 kuposa malire ovomerezeka.
Malamulowa akuyenda mumtsinje komanso kusefera kwa nsomba ndi zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepera kwa ziwerengero za sturgeon m'zaka za zana la 20. M'zaka za 1990s, kugwidwa kwathunthu kudakulitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa chogwidwa mosaloledwa. Mu beseni la Volga-Caspian lokha, anthu ochita zachiwerewere amatchedwa kuchulukitsa kakhumi ndi kawiri kuposa kubedwa mwalamulo. Zomwezi zimachitika pamtsinje wa Amur. Kupha nsomba kwambiri komanso kuwedza zachilengedwe kwadzetsa kuchepa konse kovomerezeka mdziko lapansi makamaka munkhokwe yayikulu yam'madzi yotchedwa stpigeon bas - Nyanja ya Caspian.
Caviar ndi dzira lopanda tanthauzo la sturgeon. Kwa ma gourmets ambiri, caviar, wotchedwa "ngale wakuda", ndizakudya zabwino. Mitundu itatu yayikulu yamalonda ya sturgeon imatulutsa caviar yapadera: beluga, sturgeon (Russian sturgeon) ndi stellate stellate stellate (nyenyezi sturgeon). Mtundu ndi kukula kwa mazira zimatengera mtundu ndi kukula kwa mazira.
Masiku ano Iran ndi Russia ndiomwe amagulitsa kwambiri caviar, pafupifupi 80% yomwe imagwidwa ndi mitundu itatu ya sturgeon mu Caspian Sea: Russian sturgeon (20% ya msika), stellate sturgeon (28%) ndi Persian sturgeon (29%). Komanso, mavuto a stellate sturgeon amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa madzi, madamu, chiwonongeko komanso kugawikana kwa mayendedwe achilengedwe ndi malo okhala, zomwe zimakhudza njira zosamukira komanso malo odyetserako ndi kubereka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: nsomba za Stellate
Stellate sturgeon nthawi zonse amakhala osowa wokhala ku Middle and Upper Danube ndipo tsopano achotsedwa kumpoto kwa Danube ndi gawo la Hungary-Slovak ku Middle Danube, popeza ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amatha kudutsa pazipata pamadontho a Chipata cha Iron. Malingaliro omalizira odziwika kuchokera ku gawo la Slovak adatengedwa ku Komarno pa february 20, 1926, ndipo omaliza a gawo la Hungary adalembetsa ku Mojac mu 1965.
Malinga ndi Red Book, stellate sturgeon ili pachiwopsezo cha kutha chifukwa chakuwonjeza, kuba, kusefukira kwa madzi, kusefukira ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsinje yamadzi ndi malo okhala. Komabe, malinga ndi zomwe apenda masiku ano pa Danube, atsala pang'ono kutha. Mkhalidwe wapakalepo wa anthu omwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupha nsomba m'mbuyomu komanso komwe malo omwe amatumizirako sadziwika. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti atetezere zachilengedwe.
Chochititsa chidwi: Sturgeon stellate a 55,000 adapezeka atafa kunyanja ya Azov mu 1990 chifukwa cha uve. Kutsika kwa 87% kwa malonda apadziko lonse kukuwonetsa kuchepa kwa mitundu ya nyama.
Nyanja yam'madzi yam'madzi yamtchire (sturgeon yachilengedwe, Atlantic sturgeon, Baltic sturgeon, European sturgeon) siinakhalepo pagombe la Finland kuyambira 1930s. Mitundu yambiri yomwe ikhoza kugwera m'madzi aku nyanja ya Finland ndi sturateon. Zitha kutha monga momwe zitsanzo zambiri zimafa. Sturgeons amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, motero njirayi imatenga nthawi.
Mphamvu
Chithunzi: Sevryuga kuchokera ku Red Book
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya sturgeon imatchulidwa kuti yokhala pangozi. Nyama ndi mazira amtengo wapatali kwambiri (omwe amadziwika kuti caviar) zidapangitsa kuti achulukane kwambiri ndikuchepetsa anthu a sturgeon. Kukula kwa mitsinje ndi kuipitsidwa kwamtunduwu zathandizanso kuchepa kwa anthu. Sitima zapamadzi zaku Europe, zomwe zidagwa ku Germany, zidatha zaka 100 zapitazo. Mtunduwu ukuyembekezeredwa kuti ubwerere kumitsinje ya Germany kudzera mu ntchito zokonzanso.
Njira yapadziko lonse yothanirana ndi kutha kwa ma sturgeons imafotokoza mbali zazikulu za ntchito kuti asunge sturgeon kwa zaka zisanu zotsatira.
Njira yake ndi:
- kuponderezana
- kayendedwe ka malo
- kusungidwa kwa sturgeon stock,
- thandizo kulumikizana.
WWF ikuchita zochitika zachilengedwe m'minda yamagawo ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana. Zochita zapadera zadziko zimaphatikizapo zomwe zikuchitika ku Austria (zambiri mu Germany), Bulgaria (Bulgaria), Netherlands (Dutch), Romania (Romanian), Russia ndi Amur River (Russian) ndi Ukraine (Ukraine).
Kuphatikiza apo, WWF ikugwira ntchito mu:
- Bonde lamtsinje wa Danube ndi ntchito yapadera yothana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma sturgeons ku Danube,
- kubwezeretsanso kuyenda kwachilengedwe kwa Mtsinje wa St. John ku Canada.
Stellate sturgeon - Imodzi mwa mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ya sturgeon padziko lapansi. Zimphona zam'madzi zamakedzana zimakumana ndi zoopsa zambiri pakupulumuka. Ngakhale akhala ndi moyo Padziko Lapansi kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, sturgeon stirgeon pakadali pano ali pachiwopsezo chambiri kuwononga ndi kusokoneza malo awo okhala zachilengedwe. Stellate sturgeon ili pangozi.
Malo okhala Sturgeon
M'mbuyomu, idapezekanso ku Siberia ndi mitsinje yaku Europe. Masiku ano ili mu Nyanja ya Caspian, makamaka pagombe lakumadzulo. Amakonda kuya kwakuya kwa 100 ndi 300 metres, ndipo mu kasupe kokha komwe kumapita kumagawo ang'onoang'ono amderali. Imapezeka kuphatikiza pa Nyanja ya Caspian mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov. Nthawi yakuswana, imalowa m'mitsinje monga Urals, Volga, Kuban, Don, Terek ndi Kura.
Khalidwe
M'mitsinje, mumakonda kutsatira zigawo zakuya kwambiri. Ndi nsomba yosamukasamuka yomwe imalowa m'mitsinje kawiri pachaka, nthawi yophukira ndi masika, koma sikuti imadya m'madzi oyera. Amakhala m'mizere, chifukwa nthawi yozizira imakhala mabowo. Kupambana kwina kunatheka pamene kuswana m'matupi amadzi othamanga.
Kubalaza (kuswana)
Amayamba kubereka mochedwa kuposa mitundu ina ya sturgeon. Monga lamulo, kuwaza kumayambira kutentha kwa madzi kuyambira madigiri 6 mpaka 9, mkati mwa Epulo ndi khumi zoyambirira za Meyi. Amuna amatha kutha msinkhu pokhapokha ngati ali ndi zaka 7-9, ndipo akazi - osapitirira zaka 11 zakubadwa. Ponena za chonde, pafupifupi, kuchokera ku nsomba ya Volga wamkulu, kuyambira mazira 106 mpaka 470 zikwi zambiri zimapezeka, mwa mitundu ya Don ndi Ural mtundu uwu umatha kukhala waukulu.
Mu Mtsinje wa Volga, kupindika kwa stellate sturgeon kumatambasulidwa nthawi kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti pa kutentha kuyambira 12 mpaka 26 ° C. Caviar wasulidwira yaying'ono, yaimvi m'mimba mwake, osapitirira 2 mm. Ili ndi fungo labwino la ayodini komanso wowonda pambuyo.
Matenda ndi majeremusi
Polypodiosis, kapena matenda owononga a caviar a sturgeon ambiri, titha kuwaona ngati vuto lalikulu, kupeza kukula kwachuma. Amayambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti tamatumbo tomwe timakhala mkati mwa mazira. Matenda amapezeka pa siteji pomwe yolk imawonekera dzira.
Kupezeka kwa tiziromboti kungatsimikizidwe kokha mwa kuyang'ana mazira - omwe ali ndi kachilombo nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo.
Stellate sturgeon, monga ma sturgeon ena, amatha kupezeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana pamiyeso ndi ma gills. Mwambiri, nsomba sizimakhala ndi kachilombo ka majeremusi. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri zovulala zimayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti timene timakhudzana ndi kupuma.
Njira za usodzi ndi usodzi
Chifukwa cha zabwino zake zapamwamba, zakhala zikukhudzidwa ndi mafakitale ndi makanema ambiri. Amakumbidwa makamaka ku North Caspian, komwe zaka 40 zapitazo adagwidwa pafupifupi matani 10,000 pachaka. Chuma chachilendo pachakale chinali kutumiza kwa stellate sturgeon caviar.
Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya stellate yatsika kwambiri ndipo pakali pano akutetezedwa. M'masewera ndi masewera amasodzi a sturgeon nsomba zimapangidwa ndi zida zam'munsi zingapo. Pa kukula kwa mafakitale, maukonde, maukonde.
Makhalidwe a Stellar
Stellate sturgeon ndi nsomba yosamukira. Nyanja ndi mitsinje imatuluka pafupipafupi usiku kufikira zigawo kumtunda kwa chakudya. Malo owoneka bwino m'mitsinje amakhala pansi pa nthaka ya sturgeon ena. Kusamukira komwe kumachitika nthawi zina kumatha kuposa chaka. M'mitsinje yambiri, masinthidwe awiri amawonekera: kasupe ndi yophukira. Autumn stellate stellate nyengo yachisanu m'munsi kufikira kwa maenje ndi kutumphuka kwa chilimwe ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe cha chaka chamawa, stellate sturgeon, akuyenda kasupe, amaberekanso mu chirimwe. Imazungulira madera amphepete mwa madzi osefukira ndi madzi opanda kanthu kapena pakati penipeni pa mtsinjewo pakuya mamita 9 mpaka 13.
Adani
Stew caviar amasangalala ndi kubudula, ng'ombe zamphongo, zoyera-oyera, siliva wosakira, nyama zamkati, mphaka wamtchire, sterlet, komanso mwana wachinyamata beluga, spike ndi sturgeon. Malo apadera pakufalikira kwa kukulitsa kwa sturgeon caviar amakhala ndi gudgeon (mpaka mazira 15 m'mimba). Mphutsi ndi mphutsi za mapesi olimba amakakamizidwa amawonongeka ndi sabrefish, bluebird, mng'oma ndi hering'i. Mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa achinyamata stellate sturgeon ndi mphaka. Ana okulirapo okulirapo amadyedwa ndi zander, perche, gobies ndi pansi cyprinids.
Zingwe
Kusodza kutha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo ya carp, feeder kapena ndodo yoyandama. Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito zida zapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotere ndikulimbikitsidwa:
- Kutalika kwa ndodo kumayambira 4 mpaka 6. Mwachilengedwe, momwe matayala amakhalira, ndizowonjezereka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo za usodzi zokhala ndi mphete za ceramic.
- Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito coil wamkati, koma, polingalira kukula kwake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zochulukitsa. Kuthekera - osachepera 150 m.
- Onse a sturgeon - nsomba ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mzere wam'madzi wokhala ndi makulidwe a 0,3-0.4 mm. Itha kukhala chingwe choluka kapena chowongolera.
- Zimayambitsa kuthana ndi vuto la usodzi pamene stelate sturgeon ikuyenera kuchotsedwa. Zida - fluorocarbon kuchokera pamtunda wa 0.25 mm. Kutalika kwake kumachokera ku 0,5 mpaka 1 m, mtunda pakati pa leashes mpaka 0.5 m.
- Popeza zitsulo zambiri zamtunduwu zayimirira, mainza sangakhale opanda mawonekedwe.
- Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kuluka kwa carp ndi chida chachikulu cha Nambala 3-7.
Zida za ndodo yosodza zitha kukhala izi:
- Gwirizanitsani ndodo ya usodzi ndi mayeso osachepera 30-40 g,
- Kutambalala kopanira kumachesi ndi kumbuyo cholumikizira ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi mamitala 150,
- mzere waukulu wowedza - wamphamvu, kumira, kutsika pang'ono, kugonjetsedwa ndi abrasion 0,3 mm wandiweyani,
- choyandama - ngolo yonyamula katundu wa 7g + 3g kapena 5g + 5g,
- 5-16 ma pc amatsogolera ma pellets amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mainza, omwe ali pamlingo wa 5-10 masentimita wina ndi mzake, unyinji wawo uyenera kuyenerana ndi kuyesa kwa kuyandama.
Nyambo
Nthawi zambiri sturgeon stergeon imapita kunyambo ya mapuloteni, koma nyambo zina zadzalo ndizofunikira. Mwa zida zopangidwa ndi nyama zoyambira zimaphatikizapo:
mwachangu
- tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono,
- wosuta capelin 7-10 cm,
- nyansi
- squid, shirimpu,
- ng'ombe chiwindi.
Zomera zotsatirazi ndizothandiza:
- mapira phala,
- chimanga (chophika ndi chophika,
- ufa wa chimanga kapena tirigu,
- nandolo.
Njira zophera nsomba
Khalidwe la stellate sturgeon panjira yanyambo ndiwosamala kwambiri komanso osasunthika, mosiyana ndi ma cyprinids omwewo. Nsombayo imadutsa nyambo nthawi zambiri, imayeserera m'njira zonse zotheka, kuyesera mosamala. Zonsezi zimatsatiridwa ndikusinthasintha pang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Msodzi nthawi zonse amafunika kukhala okonzeka kudula. Imachitika msambo ikayamba kuyandama kwambiri kapena kumira.
Mukasodza pamagiya apansi, machitidwe a nsomba amakhala chimodzimodzi. Pamwambamwamba panthawi yakukonzekera kwa stellate sturgeon njira imayamba kunjenjemera pang'ono, pomwe ikuluma imapindika kwambiri mu arc - iyi ndiye nthawi yofunika kudula.
Mphindi zoyambirira nsomba zitakodwa, izikhala yofunika kwambiri pamasewerawa. Ndikofunikira kusamala kwambiri osalola zochita zolimba kwambiri za stellateon. Pofuna kuthana ndi mbedza, chilombo cholimba chimatha kuthyola chingwe cha nsomba ndikuthothoka. Stellate sturgeon imatha kukoka thukuta, kugona pansi, kuyesera kuti ikakulungike pa matalala oyala.
Mulimonsemo, musamayendeyende mwadzidzidzi, zonse ziyenera kuyezetsedwa komanso kuwonekera.Kuyesera konse kusunthira nsomba kumbali kapena kuya kuya kuyimitsidwa pomwepo, pomwe simukuyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti mayendedwe amtsinjewo asemphane kwathunthu ndi momwe nsomba ilili, muyenera kuyichotsa pang'onopang'ono ndikuyigwetsa mpaka kugombe.
Simuyenera kusiya kukhala maso, ngakhale panthawi yomwe kupanga kungakhale pafupi kwambiri ndi gombe.
Uku ndikulumphira pamadzi pomwe kuchotsedwa pansi. Njira ngati imeneyi nthawi zambiri imadzetsa kuwonongeka.
Stellate sturgeon ndi nsomba ya banja la Sturgeon lomwe limakhala ku Nyanja ya Azov ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Ichi ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri, chokhala pakati pakatikati ndi sturgeon. Nyama yake ndi yokoma kwambiri ndipo kwanthawi yayitali nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi zinkachitika. Kugwidwa kosalamulika kwa stellate sturateon ndi kufalikira kwa ma hydraulic sikuloleza kuti kubereke nthawi zambiri, komwe kwapangitsa malingaliro kuti awonongeke. Ngati zinthu sizingasinthe, nyamazo zimatha kutheratu kuthengo, chifukwa pakadali pano 90% yaanthuwo mwakula.
Kutha msinkhu
Amphongo amafikira kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 9-13, zazikazi - zaka 11-17. Azov stellate sturgeon amakula m'mbuyomu.
Utali wamoyo
Kufalikira kwa Stellate sturgeon
Madambo a Nyanja Yakuda, Azov ndi Caspian. Mitsinje ikuluikulu yomwe ndi mitsinje yayikulu ndi Urals, Volga, ndi Kuban.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Stellate sturgeon imakonda kudya nsomba, zina zokhala ndi ma mollusk ndi crustaceans, azaka wazaka 1-3 amadya mphutsi za udzudzu. Achinyamata, kuyambira pa 5 cm kukula, amadyetsa kwambiri ma benthos ku Don Delta; chakudya chake chachikulu ndi chironomids, kumatsei ndi tubifecids, komanso zokulirapo (15 cm) - maids. Ku Kuban, chakudya chachikulu chimakhala ndi ma oligochaetes, mphutsi za chironomid ndi ma mayonesi; pazoyala munyanja - oligochaetes, Copepod, gammarid. Kumpoto kwa Caspian, sturateon stellate amadya makamaka ndi crustaceans ndi mphutsi za chironomid nthawi yotentha, ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe, makamaka nsomba: tyulka ndi goby.
Ana akamakula, kuchuluka kwa zakudya kumachuluka. Mwezi woyamba wa unyanja wokhala kunyanja, amadya kwambiri ma amphipods (89% ya kuchuluka kwa chakudya). Chakudya cha ana okulirapo kuposa 10 cm chimakhala makamaka ndi ma maids (56-70%). Mu achinyamata stellate sturgeon, pafupipafupi kudyetsa amafotokozedwa: mumtsinje, umadyetsa kwambiri usiku (maola 22 mpaka 24), komanso munyanja - masana (maola 12-16).
M'madzi abwino, amadya kwambiri. Nyanja imasunthira kwa nthawi yayitali.
Makhalidwe a Stellar
Stellate sturgeon ndi nsomba yosamukira. Nyanja ndi mitsinje imatuluka pafupipafupi usiku kufikira zigawo kumtunda kwa chakudya. Malo owoneka bwino m'mitsinje amakhala pansi pa nthaka ya sturgeon ena. Kusamukira komwe kumachitika nthawi zina kumatha kuposa chaka. M'mitsinje yambiri, masinthidwe awiri amawonekera: kasupe ndi yophukira. Autumn stellate stellate nyengo yachisanu m'munsi kufikira kwa maenje ndi kutumphuka kwa chilimwe ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe cha chaka chamawa, stellate sturgeon, akuyenda kasupe, amaberekanso mu chirimwe. Imazungulira madera amphepete mwa madzi osefukira ndi madzi opanda kanthu kapena pakati penipeni pa mtsinjewo pakuya mamita 9 mpaka 13.
Adani
Stew caviar amasangalala ndi kubudula, ng'ombe zamphongo, zoyera-oyera, siliva wosakira, nyama zamkati, mphaka wamtchire, sterlet, komanso mwana wachinyamata beluga, spike ndi sturgeon. Malo apadera pakufalikira kwa kukulitsa kwa sturgeon caviar amakhala ndi gudgeon (mpaka mazira 15 m'mimba). Mphutsi ndi mphutsi za mapesi olimba amakakamizidwa amawonongeka ndi sabrefish, bluebird, mng'oma ndi hering'i. Mdani wowopsa kwambiri wa achinyamata stellate sturgeon ndi mphaka. Ana okulirapo okulirapo amadyedwa ndi zander, perche, gobies ndi pansi cyprinids.
Kuswana
Kubowola kolimba kwa sturgeon mu Don kunachitika 200-860 km kuchokera kunyanja. Kuchepetsa kumachitika mwachangu m'mawa kapena m'maola. Msipu woyambirira wa masika umasunthira mumtsinjewo mwachangu - 15-30 km patsiku, kupewa mafunde olimba ndikutsatira kuya kwakuya. Pamene nthawi yowaza ikuyandikira, zazikazi zambiri zimadumphira m'madzi ("kumenya makandulo"), kumenya pamimba ndi madzi. Kusunthira mumtsinje, sturgeon yam'madzi yam'madzi imayimitsa pafupipafupi. Nthawi yayitali yokhalamo mumtsinje wokhala ndi mtunda wopitilira 1m / s sikupita maola atatu). Amaima kuti apumule makamaka masana munkhokwe ndi m'mitsinje, momwe amasonkhana ambiri. Kusambira kwakukuru kwambiri komwe kumachitika usiku. Kutalika kwa masiku otsiriza a mvula yam'mphepete mwa mtsinje kulibe kupitirira miyezi iwiri. Akazi oyambira kum'mawa komanso kumapeto kwa masika a sturgeon amatuluka "nthawi yomweyo", ndipo amuna amakhala m'malo owonekera nthawi yayitali yonse (miyezi 1.5-2). Zotsatira zake, pakati pofalikira, amuna 6-8 pa akazi amodzi, ndipo kumapeto kwa kutulutsa, chiwerewere chimafika pa 1: 12–1: 15. Amuna a chisanu komanso oyambilira a masika amakhala ataliatali mumtsinje. Mkazi wakale ndi akazi onse nthawi yachisanu komanso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya masika amakhala odabwitsa, ndipo abambo oyambira kumapeto kwa masika amakhala ndi "amuna" awo ndi akazi a kumapeto kwa nyengo ya masika.
Kutsikira Volga Malo owaza madzi amapezeka pakati pa Vladimirovka ndi Dubovka, komanso m'mphepete mwa mtsinje. Akhtuba. Ma sturgeon ena obisika pano m'maenje, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Julayi, pakuya kwa 1.5-2 m, pomwe ena - m'deralo Volga, pa ndodo, pakuya kwa 9-13 m, kuchokera theka la Juni mpaka Ogasiti. Amuna ambiri amatuluka kupita ku Volga ali ndi zaka 10 mpaka 12, koma mwa amuna othamanga pali azaka za 5 mpaka 17. Mu Volga stellate sturgeon sikukwera kwambiri ngati kusamukira kwina kwa sturgeon.
AT Ural pali mitundu iwiri yomweyo ya stellate sturateon ngati ku Volga; nthawi yakukwera kwawo ndi yomweyo. M'matimu apansi a Urals, kuwonjezeranso gawo lachiwiri la Meyi.
Maphunziro a kasupe ku Taganrog Bay komanso malo otsika Don Zimayamba pakati pa Epulo - kumayambiriro kwa Meyi ndipo zimatha theka lachiwiri la Juni - koyambirira kwa Julayi, zimachitika kwambiri mu Meyi, nthawi yophukira imachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti-kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala koyambirira kwa Disembala, kusuntha kwakukulu mu Seputembara, Okutobala ndi kumayambiriro kwa Novembala. AT Kuban amabwera kuchuluka kwakukulu. Kuban stellate sturgeon, ngati Kuban ram, bream, pike perch, amasiyana ndi Don stellate, kuwonekera kwa Kuban stellate stellate kumachitika mu Meyi-August, kukula kwa stellate stellate ndi kosiyana: Kuban stellate akukula mofulumira kuposa Don stellate, koma kuchokera zaka 9 pang'onopang'ono kuposa stonate 1 Zaka 2 m'mbuyomu kuposa Don.
AT Danube Maphunzirowa ayambira mu Marichi-Epulo ndipo amakhala mpaka Novembala-Disembala, kutsika kapena kuima mu Julayi-Sepemba. Maphunzirowa ku Don amachitika pa 4.2-24.5 ° C, chachikulu pa 14.4-17.4 ° C. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe wamphongo, amuna amakhala abambo, nthawi yonseyo akazi akamakula. Kubala kwa Kuban stellate sturateon kuchokera ku 84.8 (kutalika 124 cm) mpaka 471.7 (kutalika 152 cm), pafupifupi mazira 200,000. Caviar pansi, 2.8-3 mm m'mimba mwake, yomatira miyala. Chonde cha stellate sturgeon chimasiyanasiyana mazira 53 mpaka 916.
Kutha msinkhu
Amuna a kubala kwa stereti ya Kuban amatha kutalika kuyambira zaka 4, zazimayi kuyambira wazaka 7.
Kukula kwa Stellate sturgeon
Kukula kwa embryonic kumunsi kwambiri (15 ° C) kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 6. Kutentha kwa 25 ° C, mazirawo amaswa pambuyo pa maola 55-60. Mphutsi zoyambirira zotsika ndi mphutsi zosakhalitsa (5-17 mm) ku Ural delta zimawonekera mzaka zachiwiri kapena zitatu za Meyi. Imodzi ndi mphutsi, ana omwe asintha kuti azidyetsa mwachangu (43 mm) nawonso amagwidwa. Kusintha kwa mphutsi za stellate zodyetsa poyambira kudya kumayamba pa 5 - tsiku la 9 mutatchingira kutalika kwa 18-18 mm. Zamoyo za Benthic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, makulidwe ake ndi 1-2 mm, oligochaetes, polychaetes, korofiids, gammarids, mysids, mphutsi ndi chironomid pupae (mdera lazungulire). Mu khumi oyamba a Juni, kutalika kwakukulu kumayambira 21-43 mm ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 88-307 mg.
Njira zopitilira muyeso nthawi zambiri zimapita mu Juni. Unyinji wa ana kumapeto kwa mweziwo umafika ku 1.2-1.3 g. Atagundika munyanja, ana a sterate sturgeon amakhala kanthawi kochepa m'malo opanda kanthu, kenako nkuyamba kukhazikika kunyanja.
Mtengo wachuma
Stellate sturgeon ndiye nsomba yamtengo wapatali kwambiri yamalonda, kuchuluka kwake kukuchepa. Amakumbidwa ndi maukonde osalala ndi ma seva opanda ukonde. Masheya amasungidwa kudzera mwa kubereka mwaukatswiri mu ma hatcheries. Nyama imakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri. Imakonzedwa mu mawonekedwe a chokoleti ndi ayisikilimu, ndipo ma oyster amawagwiritsa ntchito kuphika popuma ndi granular caviar, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasakanizidwa ndi sturgeon caviar.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN.
Zolemba:
1. N. Svetovidov. Nsomba za Nyanja Yakuda. Moscow-Leningrad, 1965
2. L. S. Berg. Nsomba zamchere za USSR ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo. Gawo 1. Edition 4. Moscow, 1948
3. Lebedev V. D., Spanovskaya V. D., Savvaitova K. A., Sokolov L. I, Tsepkin E. A. Nsomba za USSR. Moscow, Kuganiza, 1969
4. nsomba za kumpoto kwa dera la Lower Volga: M'mabuku atatu. Kalonga 1.Kapangidwe ka ichthyofauna, njira zophunzirira / E.V. Zavyalov, A.B. Ruchin, G.V. Shlyakhtin et al. - Saratov: Nyumba Yofalitsa Sarat. University, 2007 .-- 208 s: odwala.
5. nsomba za ku Kazakhstan: 5 matani / Mitrofanov V.P., Dukravets G.M., Peseridi N.E. et al. - Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1986. T. 1. Lampreys, Sturgeons, Hfer , Salmon, Pike. - 272 tsa.