Mavu alibe tanthauzo lenileni la sayansi. Ndizololedwe kuitana tizilombo tonse tokhala ngati mbola kuchokera ku dongosolo la Hymenoptera, omwe siali a njuchi, nyerere. Masiku ano pali maudindo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Kwa tizilombo touluka timaphatikizamo mavu zotsatirazi: mseu, glitter, mchenga, chidutswa, pepala, duwa, nyanga, kukumba, ena ambiri.

Onsewa amagawika m'magulu awiri:

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi njuchi, ma mavu amatha kudziteteza osati mothandizidwa ndi mbola. Wina akawopseza kuti ali ndi moyo, tizilombo timatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za chibwano. Kuluma kwawo kumakhala kokwanira.

Malovu okhaokha amakhala ndi moyo pawekha, zachilendo zimamanga chisa. Akuluakulu onse amatha kubereka. Ngati zisa zikumangidwa, ndiye kuti mu ngodya zokhazokha: pamakoma, pamtengo, panthaka. Ndipo ndi mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe imakonda kukhala popanda zisa. Amapuma potsegula nkhuni.

Mavu ochezeka amakonda kukhala m'mabanja. Zisa zawo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi chiberekero. Si akuluakulu onse omwe amatha kubereka. Nthawi zina njuchi imatha kuwerenga mavu masauzande angapo, koma ndi m'modzi yekha amene amatha kubala ana. Mavu osabereka amatchedwa antchito, okhazikika - chiberekero.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Ma hymenoptera ambiri amatha kuchoka pawokha kupita pagulu. Kusintha koteroko kumakhala magawo angapo.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Wasp Tizilombo

Buluzi ndi tizilombo chowala komanso chosangalatsa. Ili ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino - mikwaso yachikaso ndi yakuda. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kuli pafupifupi - mpaka masentimita khumi. Akazi okha ndi omwe amatha kufikira masentimita khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu kutalika. Thupi la nyama ili ndi tsitsi lambiri. Mapeto ake ndi mbola. Imafupika, yosalala kwambiri, imalowa mosavuta kwa wozunzidwayo. Mbola imatha kusuntha, kotero kuti mavu amatha kuluma kuchokera pafupifupi kulikonse.

Kufotokozera

Mavu amodzi amakhala palokha. Timamanga bwino zisa zachilendo. Tizilombo tonse tating'onoting'ono titha kubereketsa. Zingwe zimamangidwa mumabowo: m'matanthowa pakati pa khoma, pansi pa madenga, m'nthaka. Mitundu yokhayo imakhala popanda kumanga zisa. Mavu amenewo amakhala m'mabowo opangidwa ndi matabwa.

Mitundu yachilengedwe imakhala m'mabanja akuluakulu. Chiberekero chimamanga chisa, ndipo si tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timatulutsa. Nthawi zina, anthu masauzande angapo amakhala m'maderamo, ndipo chiberekero chokha ndi chomwe chitha kuchuluka. Mavu opanda chinyengo amawerengedwa ngati ogwira ntchito, pomwe ochulukirapo amatchedwa chiberekero.

Pindulani

• Pali mitundu yotere ya tizilombo tosokoneza tomwe timathandiza anthu:
• yekha: typhus, scoli kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche, akangaude, kupeza mapuloteni zakudya zabwino mphutsi,
• kukumba mavu pang'ono Larra amawononga chimbalangondo m'mundamo, kuyikira mazira m'thupi la tizilombo, osavulaza tizilombo tina ndi nyama,
• Zomera zimatulutsa maluwa, ndikuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: kachikumbu, kachikumbu ka njuchi, kuyikira mazira m'thupi la wozunzidwayo,
• ululu wa wasp umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Ndikukhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa poizoni wa mitundu yaku Brazil kungathe kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa.
• mapepala owononga nyama zouluka: ntchentche, udzudzu. Osanyoza timapepala, nsabwe za m'masamba. Pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizirombo, timapulumutsa mundawo ndi dimba,
• Akuluakulu amadya zakudya za chomera, timadzi tokoma. Kuuluka kuchokera ku chomera kupita chomera, kuzi mungu;
• mwanjira zina, tizilombo tokhala ndi poizoni timateteza oyandikana nawo m'mundamo: Mtundu wa tizilombo tothandiza "pansi pa mavu" umathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka ndi mbalame.

• Ma mavu ovulala amawonekera kwambiri kuposa abwino:
• maapulo otsekemera, mphesa, ma plamu ─ mankhwala othandizira tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. "Njira yochenjeza" pakati pawo imagwira ntchito mwachangu, ngati sipangachitike njira mwachangu, m'masiku ochepa tizirombo tiwononga zokolola zambiri, kutchera zipatso zabwino kwambiri,
• njuchi zimadwala mavu nthawi zambiri kuposa ena. Kukwera mng'oma, zilombo zolusa zimawononga uchi, ndikuchepetsa kubereka. Kuteteza masheya, njuchi zambiri zogwira ntchito zimafa,
• kudziteteza, kuluma tizilombo kumaluma. Poizoni woopsa amatha kuyambitsa thupi. Atagunda munthu kapena nyama, ndikumusuma, mavu amafutukula moyo wake womwe umakopa anthu amtundu wawo, pomwe kuluma mavu angapo ndizowopsa kwa anthu, ndipo kwa nyama yaying'ono ikhoza kufa.

Zindikirani!

• 

Nyanga ndi yokulirapo kuposa mavu. Pomaliza, kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 2-3, ndipo nyanga yake imakhala pafupifupi kawiri. Ili ndi nape yokulirapo komanso malo ofiira akuda pamutu.

Ngakhale kukula kwake ndi kochititsa chidwi, ma nyanga ndi owopsa. Amaluma ndikumva kuwawa, koma samatero kawirikawiri - pokhapokha akaona kuti ali pangozi. Kulumwa kwa mavu mu zamankhwala ndizochulukirapo.

Chifukwa chiyani mavu akuuma?

Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chodziteteza. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti akunena kuti ndikwabwino kusasenda mavu omwe akuwuluka pafupi - amawona kuti ndi zoopsa kwa iwo eni.

Zimachitikanso kuti nthawi zina mtundu wamtunduwu wamtunduwu umakhala wankhanza komanso wowopsa. Mwachitsanzo, m'chilimwe, pakakhala zipatso ndi zipatso zambiri kuzungulira, komanso kutentha, mavu amakhala othandiza kwambiri.

Kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti, ziwerengero zawo zimachulukana kwambiri, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kuchita zoipa kwambiri chifukwa cha mpikisano wosalekeza. Mu nthawi ngati izi, chisamaliro chapadera chimayenera kuthandizidwa.

Kodi kuopsa kwa kulumidwa ndi izi ndi chiani?

Kuluma kwa mavu kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Poizoni wa tizilombo uyu ndi woopsa ndipo amayambitsa Quincke edema.

Pali nthawi zina pomwe mavu akungowuluka mumtsuko wopanda vuto la mowa, ndipo munthu amatenga sip, ndipo kulumayo kukagwera m'mbali mwa mucous nembanemba.

Muzochitika izi, maphunzirowa amapita kwa mphindi. Edema yowonjezereka imayamba, ndipo popanda chithandizo chamankhwala wovutikayo amakwanira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musakhale kutali ndi mavu ndikudwala dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikuluma.

Mitundu yayikulu

Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timakonda kudziwa chithunzichi. Kupatula kuphatikiza kowoneka bwino ndi pamimba pamimba yakuda bii, palinso mitundu ina. Mavu ndi osakwatirana ndipo amakhala m'magulu. Amathanso kukhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Mphepo yamsewu imakonza chisa pansi kapena ngakhale mkati mwa mtembo wa munthu amene waphedwa kale (mwachitsanzo, akhoza kukhala kangaude). Thupi la chinyama chakufayo lidzasandukanso chakudya cha ana omwe adawonekera.

Aliyense amadziwa bwino mavu a mapepala, omwe timakonda kuwona mumsewu m'chilimwe. Amatchedwa choncho, chifukwa kupanga zisa, mitunduyi imagwiritsa ntchito zopendekera zomwe zimafanana ndi pepala pazinthu. Ndipo amapanga okha, kusakaniza malovu awo ndi fumbi la nkhuni.

Mavu akuthengo, m'malo mwake, amakhala kutali ndi anthu. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka kuthengo.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zatsopano zikuwoneka lero - mavu akunyumba. Wina akutembenukira galu kapena mphaka, ndipo wina ali ndi chidwi pakuwona moyo wa tizilombo. Pokonza mavu ngati awa, ma aquariums apadera otsekemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Adapangidwa bwino ndipo amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Koma "chiweto" chotere, sichachidziwikire aliyense.

Chisa cha Hornet chimawononga moyo - chochita?

Vuto lina ndi chisa cha ma nyanga penapake pafupi ndi nyumbayo kapenanso pa khonde. Pankhaniyi, chiopsezo chokhala mbola chikuwonjezeka nthawi zina. Momwe mungathanirane ndi mavu ndikuthamangitsa?

Ngati chisa chili pafupi, ndipo mutha kupita kwa icho, mutha kuyambitsa thukuta la thonje ndi mankhwala aliwonse ndikuyiyika mchikwama, ndikuphimba ndi kapangidwe kake. Muyenera kuyembekezera pang'ono mpaka tizilombo titafa. Pogulitsa lero mutha kupeza zida zambiri zolimbana ndi mavu, ndipo malangizowo anena kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa.

Njira ina ndikuwotcha chisa. Njira zotetezeka ndikuthira madzi otentha pamwamba pake kapena kusindikiza pakhomo ndi chilichonse chofewa kuti tilepheretse mpweya. Musaiwale kuvala zolimba komanso zophimba musanachite izi. Chovala cha njuchi chidzakhala choyenera kwambiri.

Ngati chisa chili kutali, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito syringe kuti mupeze jakisoni wapoizoni pamenepo. Ndipo kuti mavu pambuyo pake sanabwererenso kumalo awo okhala, ndibwino kuchitira malo omwe chisa chinali ndi hydrogen peroxide kapena potaziyamu yaanganamu.

Kulimbana ndi mavu ndi zenizeni. Samalani, kenako tizilombo sizingakuvutitseni!

Kanema: Wasp

Katsinde kali ndi maso opanga modabwitsa. Akuluakulu, amatha kusiyanitsa zinthu ku 180C. Maso atatu ayikidwa pamwamba pamutu. Amavutika kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo. Pafupi ndi maso awa pali tinyanga. Ntchito za antennae zimatengera momwe nyamayo imakhalira, momwe zimakhalira. Nthawi zambiri gawo ili la thupi limagwira ntchito ngati chiwongolero pakuuluka. Ndi thandizo lawo, mavu amatha kudziwa komwe mphepo ikuwongolera, kuya kwa kusiyana ndi zina zambiri.

Chosangalatsa: Kuluma kwa mitundu ya mavu kulibe. Mosiyana ndi njuchi, nyama izi sizimavulala ndikaluma.

Mavu - dzina limodzi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mavu, ndipo mawonekedwe awo akunja ndi osiyana pang'ono.

Ganizirani malongosoledwe akunja amitundu yodziwika bwino:

• Pepala. M'mawonekedwe odziwika bwino. Khalani pafupi ndi munthu, kukhala ndi mtundu wakuda ndi wachikaso,
• Ma ma glitter. Amakhala ndi kukula pafupifupi masentimita eyiti. Maonekedwe a thupi ndi achilendo - pelescent, mthunzi wa pinki kapena turquoise,
• Zamaluwa. Ndi zazing'ono kukula. Musakulitse oposa sentimita imodzi. Utoto umayang'aniridwa ndi chikasu,
• Ma Germany aku Germany. Amakhala ndi khungu lachilendo - lalanje. Amuna amtunduwu ndi lalanje-lalanje, ali ndi mapiko akuda. Akazi alibe mapiko; nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nyerere za velvet.

Kodi mavu amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Wasp Wazinyama

Oimira mavu amafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Amatha kupezeka mosavuta ku Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, Africa, Argentina, Canada, Mexico, Australia, China, Japan. Nyama zotere sizimangokhala mu Sahara wambiri, ku Arctic ndi ku Peninsula ya Arabia. Mavu amakonda nyengo yotentha; iwo sangakhale m'madera otentha kwambiri kapena achisanu kwambiri.

Chosangalatsa: Ku Japan ndi China kuli mitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya mavu - nyanga ya ku Asia. Kukula kwake kumatha kufika masentimita asanu ndi limodzi. Kuluma kamodzi kwa kachilombo koteroko ndikokwanira kuti kumwalira kwa munthu, makamaka ngati ali ndi vuto. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mpaka anthu makumi asanu amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kuluma kwa lipenga la Asia mmaiko ano.

Oimira ambiri mavu amakhala ku Northern Hemisphere. Ku Brazil kokha kuli anthu ochepa. Tizilombo timeneti timasankha malo awo malinga ndi njira zingapo: nyengo yofunda, kupezeka kwa mitengo, anthu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti malo okhala anthu amalola mavu kuti azitha kupeza zakudya zawo. Mtengowu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zisa ndikukula mphutsi. Anthu ena amamanga nyumba kuchokera ku dongo, miyala yamiyala. Zisa zawo zimawoneka kwambiri ngati nyumba zazing'ono.

Kodi mavu amadya chiyani?

Zakudya za oimira mitundu ya mavu ndizosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera zinthu zingapo: mtundu wa nyama, gawo lachitukuko, malo okhala. Zitha kuwoneka kuti tizilombo izi sizosankha konse mu chakudya. Amatha kudya maswiti, nsomba, zipatso, zipatso komanso maswiti. Komabe, ichi sichakudya chachikulu cha mavu, koma chowonjezera chosangalatsa pa chakudya.

Mitundu yambiri imakonda zakudya zofewa, zamadzimadzi. Amadyetsa zamkati mwa zipatso zosiyanasiyana, kuyamwa kwazomera, zipatso ndi timadzi tokoma. Mukapeza mwayi, wasp sangasangalale ndi kudya pang'ono, uchi kapena zakumwa zotsekemera. Mavu ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, amapeza zipatso zosavuta kapena zovunda. Amakopedwanso ndi fungo losakanikirana la mowa, kvass. Mavu amabweretsa gawo la zomwe agwirira ana awo, chiberekero. Ogwira ntchito akuchita izi.

Zoyang'anira zimakhala ndi zakudya zosiyana pang'ono. Amadyanso makamaka tizilombo: kafadala, ntchentche, agulu, kangaude zazing'ono. Momwemonso amadyetsa ana awo. Kufufuza kwa mavu olusa ndi osangalatsa. Choyamba, amasaka munthu amene angamugwire, kenako kenako. Hymenoptera ikuyesera kusunga mbola yake mwachangu momwe ingathere. Poizoni amathandizira kuti nyamayo ikhale yatsopano.

Mawonekedwe

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala tikuphatikiza mitundu yambiri. Maonekedwe akunja amitundu yambiri ya mavu ndiosiyana kwambiri. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:
Ma ma pepala. Zodziwika bwino kwa anthu. Amakhala pafupi ndi munthu, mtundu wakuda ndi wachikaso. Glittery. Mavu a kukula kwapakatikati, akukula mpaka 8 cm Komanso mtundu wamba. Zamaluwa. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kwambiri. Musakhale wokulirapo kuposa sentimita. Mtunduwo ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa chikaso. Ajeremani. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi mtundu winawake. Mtundu wa torso wawo ndi lalanje owala. Mavu amenewo amawoneka nthawi yomweyo. Amuna achikuda ndi lalanje omwe ali ndi mapiko akuda. Akazi alibe mapiko, omwe adalandira dzina la nyerere za velvet.

Habitat - mavu anali kuti?

Nyama zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Tizilombo timeneti timafalikira konsekonse. Ali m'maiko onse a CIS, Europe, Africa, Asia ndi America. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingapezeke m'chigawo chachikulu cha Sahara, ku Arctic, komanso ku Peninsula ya Arabia. Tizilombo timakonda kukhazikika pamalo otentha. Madera otentha ndi achisanu salola mavu kukhalapo.

Zambiri mwa tizilombo timapezeka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Zina zimapezeka ku Brazil. Tizilombo timasankha nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito njira: kukhalapo kwa zomera kubisala, anthu ndi nyengo yotentha. Kukhala pafupi ndi anthu kumalola mavu kuti chakudya chizipeza mofulumira. Mutha kukhala pamitengo, ndikumanga zisa kuchokera ku mitengo. Mitundu ina imamanganso zisa kuchokera ku dongo kapena miyala yaying'ono. Kunja, nyumba zotere zimawoneka ngati nyumba zazing'ono.

Wasp anatomy

Mavu ndi amtundu wa hymenoptera, womwe ndi gulu la tizilombo tambiri, kuphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 155,000. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la tizilombo touluka nchakuti pakati pamimba ndi khosayo pali kakulidwe kocheperako kamene kamagwira, kamene kanathandiza kuti chinthu choterocho chikhale ngati "chiuno chopukutira". Thupi la tizilombo timakhala ndi magawo atatu - mutu, chifuwa ndi m'mimba. Ngakhale kuti mitundu yonse ya mitundu imasiyana mu maonekedwe amtundu, mitundu yakuda, chikaso ndi lalanje imakhalapo nthawi zonse.

Kuchititsa chidwi kwa kapangidwe ka mapiko kungatchulidwenso chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa tizilombo. Monga lamulo, mapikowo ndi owonda kwambiri komanso owonekera, okhala ndi mitsempha yowoneka bwino. Mapiko a kumbuyo ndi akufupikirapo kuposa kutsogolo. Amatha kuvekera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma amathanso kukhala wopanda utoto kwathunthu. Mtambo uliwonse wowotcha umakhala ndi magawo asanu. Amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukumba.

Pamutu wachinacho mutha kuwona masharubu a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kutalika kwake. Whiskers imagwiranso ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kulola kuti tizilomboti tizitha kuyenda mumlengalenga. Maso amatchulidwa. Nsagwada, ngakhale zilibe mano, ndi zamphamvu zokwanira kuluma kupyola kachidutswa kakang'ono ka tiziromboti.

Vuto, ngati njuchi, imakhala ndi mbola yomwe ili pansi pamimba. Monga lamulo, ndi akazi okha omwe amatha kusuma. Mbola imakhala yochepa thupi kwambiri ndipo imagwirizana ndi chithaphwi, chomwe chimatulutsa poyizoni wa poizoni osiyanasiyana. Mothandizidwa ndi poizoni, mavu amadziteteza, ana ake, chisa ndi zina.

Chochititsa chidwi! Amuna ndi akazi omwe ndi osiyana kukula kwake. Monga lamulo, akazi nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa amuna. Zachikazi zamtundu wina wa mavu zimafalikira pafupifupi masentimita 5.5. Tizilombo timtunduwu ndi amtundu wamayiko osavuta kukhala ndipo otentha otentha. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imapezeka m'gawo lathu.

M'mazithunzi omwe ali pansipa, mutha kuganizira mozama momwe mavu amaonekera.Mphutsi za maonekedwe powoneka ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi achikulire, chifukwa sizabwino zunguwa. Izi ndi mbozi za nyama zomwe zimadyera zakudya zama protein.

Mavu owonekera pagulu

Tizilombo totere nthawi zambiri timatchedwa mosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo pepala. Mavu owonongera anthu amakhala m'midzi, yomwe imatha kukhala miliyoni. Nthawi yomweyo, zisa zakusiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zitha kumangidwa, kuchokera pa apulo mulifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 60. Mutha kuwona izi pazithunzi.

M'banja lalikulu, anthu amagawidwa m'miyala, pomwe amalankhulana pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi siginecha. Banja limatsogozedwa ndi chiberekero, chomwe chimadzipereka kubereka ana. Pali mitundu ya mavu mu chisa momwe mumatha kukhala azimayi angapo achikazi omwe alibe udindo wa mfumukazi, koma akuchita nawo kuchuluka kwa mabanja a aspen.

Wasp umodzi

Gulu la mavu limasiyanitsidwa ndi chakuti aliyense amakhala mosiyana, chifukwa chake palibe zisa zomwe zimamangidwa. Monga lamulo, izi ndi tizilombo tamadwala. Amayala ana awo amtsogolo pamatupi am'mera mwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tambiri. Pankhaniyi, mphutsi zimamera zokha, kudya thupi la mphutsi. Pambuyo pakuwonongeka kwa womenyedwayo, mphutsi zimakhazikika ndikuyembekeza kudzafika kwamasika. Pambuyo nyengo yachisanu ikayamba kutentha, pakubwera kutentha kwenikweni, mavu wamkulu amatuluka pachimbudzi. Ma ma single omwe ali ndi poizoni ali ndi poizoni kwambiri, ndipo kuluma kwawo ndikuyerekeza ndikubaya khungu la munthu ndi chitsulo chotentha. Zithunzi ndi mayina a mavu zitha kuwoneka pansipa.

Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Ma ma Public ali ndi mayina ena ochepa: nkhuni, mapepala, ndi zina zambiri. Mavu amodzi amagawidwa kukhala mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi maina - mchenga, msewu, kukumba. Mwa mitundu iyi yonse pali mitundu yomwe ili yotetezeka komanso yothandiza, ndipo pamakhala mavu ndi mavu owononga.

Pa gawo la dziko lathu, mavu amatha kupezeka kulikonse, ndipo mitundu yawo ndi yayikulu.

Mitundu ya mavu

Pali mitundu yachilengedwe yambiri ya mavu. Mitundu iwiri imadziwika kwambiri: pagulu komanso payekha.

Pagulu (pepala) amakhala m'mabanja, kusamalira pamodzi, ana am'mutu ndiye mchiberekero:

• vespins. Mitundu yodziwika bwino. Mtundu: wamizere wachikasu amasinthana ndi wakuda. Khalidwe ndi magawo ake a njuchiyo ali ofanana ndi njuchi: chiberekero chimayika mphutsi mu kasupe ndikuzidyetsa. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, anthu ogwira ntchito amakula, amachita ntchito yopanga uchi. M'dzinja, zazikazi zazing'ono zimakwatirana ndipo zimakhalabe nthawi yachisanu chisa chomwe chinamangidwa. Chiberekero chakale chikufa. Chapakatikati, akazi achichepere amakhazikitsa madera atsopano. Nyanga zimagwira ngati nthumwi zooneka bwino za mapepalawo amtundu wa Vespa,
• zoona zenizeni. Akoloni ambiri akuthengo. Pangani chisa cha uchi chotseguka. M'madera ena, mayi m'modzi amalamulira, nthawi zina mfumukazi zingapo zimakhazikitsa gulu. Polysty amadyera zipatso zamasamba, kudyetsa mphutsi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ─ zopatsa mphamvu tinthu touluka.

Mavu amodzi amakhala ndi chisa chosavuta. Yaikaziyo palokha imayikira mazira, kulera ana.

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya mavu amodzi:

• ma pompilides (mseu). Amakumba mbewa, amasaka akangaude, ndikuwayambitsa ndi mbola mwachangu. Mtundu: torso wakuda, mawanga ofiira kapena achikaso. Miyendo italiitali yopyapyala yokhala ndi zisa zokumba,
• Ajeremani (nyerere za velvet). Mavu adapeza dzina lachiwiri chifukwa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi akazi opanda zingwe ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi loonda. Amuna ndi okulirapo, akuda komanso abulauni. Akazi ndi owala, ofiira, okhala ndi tsitsi lakuda ndi lofiira pamimba.
• zopindika. Mthunzi wofiira wamtambo wobiriwira-wobiriwira ndi kuwala. Tizilombo touluka ndi tiziromboti, wolandirayo ndi njuchi, mavu-mavu, ntchentche. Amuna amasiyana magawo asanu pamimba (mwa akazi ─ 4). Amawononga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana touluka, mbewu mungu;
• choli. Tizilombo tachikuda tomwe tili ndi malalanje achikasu ndi achikaso pamimba. Pakuswana, amapha kachilomboka, kupukusa mazira m'matumbo a tizirombo,
• typhias. Chakuda chofiyira. Mitunduyi imapezeka paliponse padziko lapansi. Amakhala makamaka pazomera za ambulera. Mu mphindi yowopsa amatha kutsika. Zinyalala zoyenda ndi nthaka ,wonongerani tizirombo touluka, zimawonedwa kuti ndizothandiza,
• mchenga (kukumba) Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa jenda: wamwamuna ndi wamkulu kuposa wamkazi. Kunja, zimasiyana mgawo woyamba wam'mimba, wofiyira m'munsi. Tizilombo tina tonse tinatakuda komanso ta buluu. Wosaka: amawononga agulugufe, mbozi, kuziyika mu ma mink chifukwa chotsatira kudyetsa pambuyo pake.

Moyo & Habitat

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha tizilombo touluka chikuwoneka pakukolola zipatso: Kuukira kwambiri minda yamphesa ndi mitengo yazipatso kumawonedwa kumapeto kwa Julayi ndi kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, mavu ndi ochepa kwambiri. Mukugwa, wamaluwa amawononga njuchi zopanda kanthu kuti asakope tizilombo toopsa kumapeto kwa kasupe. Akazi achichepere onyentchera amawuluka kutali ndi mng'oma wakale nyengo yachisanu. Nyumba zanyengo yozizira ndi hemp wowola, makungwa a mitengo, zokumba nyumba.

Kugwera mu hibernation (diapause), mavu amasankha malo otetezedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri. M'mitundu yacikhalidwe, akazi ogwirira ntchito amathanso kuchisa. Pofika nyengo yozizira, amakhala owopsa, osagwira ntchito. Amatayika kuchokera koyambirira kwa nyengo yozizira, mbalame. Kutentha kwa + 15 ° C, zazikazi zimatuluka m'chuthi, kuyamba kupanga chisa chatsopano ndi kuyikira mazira.

Utali wamoyo

Kutalika kwa moyo wa tizilombo tosenda kumadalira mtundu wawo, malo am'banja:

• Amuna amakhala miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Akakhwima, amasiya mng'oma ndi kufa,
• akazi ogwirira ntchito amakhala kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, ambiri amafa kwinaku akuwuluka chakudya,
• kolamba yoyambira akazi amakhala motalikirapo kuposa ena. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, nyengo isanayambike, amachoka pachisa, ndikukhazikika munyumba yozizira. Uterus amakhala pachaka, ndi kusankha kwabwino kwa malo okhala hibernation years zaka zingapo.

Kubwezeretsanso ma nyansi aanthu

Chiberekero chimayikira mazira m'maselo osiyana, ndipo koyambirira, amasamalira ana obwera mtsogolo pawokha, kupeza chakudya chake. Mtundu woyamba wa mavu ogwirira ntchito ukangobadwa, nthawi yomweyo amayamba kusamalira chisa, komanso mphutsi.

Atayikira mazira, masiku angapo pambuyo pake, mphutsi zokhala ngati mphutsi zimatuluka kuchokera kwa iwo. Mphutsi zimakula mwachangu, pomwe akuluakulu amabweretsera kafadala, akangaude, ntchentche, mphutsi za tizilombo tina, komanso zidutswa za nyama. Pakupita milungu iwiri, mphutsi zimatha kukhetsa maulendo angapo, pomwe zimachulukana kwambiri, kenako, zimasanduka chrysalis. Katsamba kakang'ono kamatuluka, komwe kamayang'ana kukukuta coco. Zonsezi zimatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu. Ntchito yayikulu ya mavu ndi yotentha.

Kufalikira kwa mavu amodzi

Mavu amodzi omwe amaberekera pang'onopang'ono chifukwa amafunika kupeza munthu yemwe wakhudzidwa naye, kukumba dzenje ndikukoka kachilombo kachilomboka mu dzenje. Phulusa limayikira dzira m'thupi la munthu wolumala, limatuluka m'dzenje ndikugaya dzenjelo. Nthawi yomweyo, pa mphutsi iliyonse, imayenera kupukusa yemwe angakumane ndi kukumba dzenje. Sizitenga nthawi yambiri. Mphutsi zimadya mnofu wa wozunzidwayo, pambuyo pake. Ali mwana, amakhala pansi nthawi yonse yozizira. Mavu ngati amenewa sakhala miyezi yopitilira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Kodi mavu amapezeka kuti?

Mitundu ya mavu omwe amakhala m'mabanja imapanga zisa zomwe zimakhala ndi zisa. Tizilombo timamanga zisa zawo kutali ndi malo omwe kumakhala zinthu zambiri zomanga ndi chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, malo oterewa amakhala zisa zotsalira, makoswe otayira, mabowo a mitengo, etc. Osati kawirikawiri, mavu amawoneka pa ziwembu kapena nyumba zazinyumba, m'malo osiyanasiyana, mu zipinda zamnyumba, pamakhonde, etc. Pano amakhala ndipo amakulitsa ana awo chilimwe chonse, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira amachoka chisa. Ndi akazi achichepera okha, omwe amakhala ndi umuna omwe amapulumuka m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Zinyalala kamodzi zimapezeka zokha mwa nyama zakuthengo. Usiku, imatha kukhala pamitengo ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana, ndikuigwiritsitsa ndi miyendo ndi nsagwada zawo. Amatha kukwera duwa. Tizilombo timeneti timakhala ngati timadzitima, amasinthasintha malo omwe amakhala.

Zosangalatsa zochokera pamoyo wa mavu

Akatswiri ochepa okha omwe amachita nawo kafukufuku wamoyo. Chifukwa cha iwo, munthu amatha kuphunzira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za zolengedwa zodabwitsazi. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mavu ang'onoang'ono ndi mitundu ya mavu omwe amakhala m'mabanja. Wamkazi amakula mpaka 2 cm, ndipo ena onse oimilira zamtunduwu - mpaka 1,8 cm.
• Ma mavu a nkhuni amasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chakuti amalamulidwa ndi mtundu wowala wakuda wa lalanje. Kutengera mitundu, kukula kwake kungakhale kuchokera 1 mpaka 6 cm. Nyanga nazonso zimachokera ku banja ili ndipo zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazilombo zoopsa kwambiri. Syp ya synodica imatanthauzanso mavu a mitengo, koma ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika ponena za izo.
• Ma horne aku Asia amakhala makamaka ku China ndi Japan, komwe anthu pafupifupi 50 amafa ndi kuluma kwawo chaka chilichonse, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi mbiri yakale. Kukula kwa kachiromboka mpaka masentimita 5.6. Kuluma kwake ndikokwanira kuti munthu afe, makamaka munthu wosamva.
• Mitundu yayitali yokhala ndi malo abwino amaonedwa ngati oimira okongola kwambiri a mitundu ya mavu. Wamkazi amakula mpaka 5,5 cm, ndipo wamphongo amakula mpaka 3.2 cm. Sankhani kuti amakhala mosiyana. Imawoneka ngati yotetezeka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ngakhale tili ndi makulidwe ambiri. Zotsatira zakuluma ndikudziwonera kosavuta kwa tsamba lolumayo.
• Ajeremani, osakula kuposa 3 cm. Akazi alibe mapiko ndipo amawoneka ngati nyerere zazikulu. Zachikazi ndizowala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna, omwe amakhala ndi matupi abulauni. Sadzimanga zisa zawo, kusankha njuchi kapena zisa za mavu ena pazinthu zomwe akuchita pamoyo wawo.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ya Hymenoptera padziko lapansi, ndipo mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Adani achilengedwe a mavu

Chilengedwe chimapangidwa mwanjira yoti chamoyo chilichonse padziko lapansi pano chimakhala ndi adani ake achilengedwe. Mavu nawonso amachita izi, ngakhale ali ndi zida zakupha. Mwachitsanzo:

• Zisa za mavu zomwe zinasiyidwa popanda chiberekero zimawonongeka mwachangu ndi nyerere, kwinaku zikuwononga anthu ofooka kapena odwala.
• Wokwera modabwitsa amasaka mavu, omwe amalowera m'chisa cha mavu ndikukhazikitsa mazira. Mphutsi za tizilombo izi zimatulutsa mavu ochepa.
• Ma Hornets ndi adani owopsa komanso oopsa a mabanja osapsa. Nthawi imodzi, ma horne atha kuwononga banja lonse la mavu, chifukwa ali ndi mwayi waukulu komanso kuchuluka.
• Mbalame za mavu zimasakanso mavu, zomwe zimadyetsa anapiyewo ndi mphutsi ndi akulu.

Pofika m'dzinja, pomwe kutentha kwanyumba kumachepa kwambiri, mavu samakhala otakataka, motero amakhala ozunzidwa ndi mbalame ndi mbalame zina.

Ndikovuta kukumana ndi munthu yemwe pamoyo wake sanakumanepo ndi mavu: ali ponseponse. Amatha kupezeka onse m'midzi yaying'ono komanso megacities. Munthu akhoza kunena izi: komwe kuli munthu, kuli mavu, popeza pafupi ndi munthu tinthu timeneti timatha kupeza tokha chakudya.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Wasp Tizilombo

M'nyengo yozizira, achikulire amakhala pogona nthawi zonse. Kuti achite izi, amadzipezera okha malo apadera pasadakhale. Ndi kuyamba kwa kuphukira, ndikutentha koyamba, chiberekero chimawulukira kukafunafuna malo abwino omangira chisa. Chisa ndichofunikira kuti chikazi chizikazikira mazira pamenepo ndikukula ana ake. Pomanga, makungwa a mitengo, dongo, miyala ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuchokera mazira oyamba, anthu osabala amawoneka. Apitilizabe kumanga nyumba ndikubweletsa chakudya cham'tsogolo cha chiberekero. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe kokha ndi pomwe mbewu zimatha kubala mtundu wake. Ndi mtsogolo momwe imakwatirana. Pambuyo umuna, zazikazi zimayang'ana malo kuti pakhale nyengo yachisanu yozizira, ndipo amuna posachedwa amafa ndi imfa yachilengedwe.

Mkazi wamkazi wamkazi amatha kubereka anthu pafupifupi 3,000. Ambiri aiwo adzakhala opanda zipatso. Chiberekero chimasindikiza mazira omwe ali mchipinda chapadera. Pamenepo amaika tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mtsogolomo, mphutsi zidzadyetsa tiziromboti kuti posachedwa munthu wamkulu. Mphutsi, zomwe mtsogolo zidzatha kubereka ana, zimakhala ndi zakudya zosiyana kwambiri. Amakhala ndi chakudya chopatsa mphamvu chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukula kwamitundu. Chiberekero chimakhala pafupifupi miyezi khumi, ndipo mavu owuma okha milungu inayi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Mavu ndi gawo lofunikira, lothandiza komanso lofunikira pa ziphuphu. Inde, satulutsa uchi wokoma, monga njuchi, ndipo ngakhale kuvulaza msika wa njuchi. Komabe, mmadera ena amoyo komanso zachilengedwe, amachita ntchito yothandiza kwambiri - amawononga tizirombo tina tambiri. Zimagwira tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, timazidyetsa kwa ana awo. Izi zili ndi phindu pazomera. Kubzala m'munda sikuvutika ndi tizirombo.

Mwachitsanzo, ma mavu amatha kuthana ndi tizilombo tambiri ngati chimbalangondo. Ngati chimbalangondo chikugwera pamalowa, ndikokwanira kukopa mavu mothandizidwa ndi maluwa. Maula padziko lapansi mwachangu "amakonza zinthu" pamalowo. Komanso mavu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthana ndi zopera ndi masamba kafadala. Mitundu yotsatirayi imadyera tizirombo: khoma, mapepala, akuluakulu, nosed. Amachepetsa kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yochitira nawo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Oimira mitundu ya mavu ndizambiri. Amakhala ambiri m'maiko ambiri, ochulukitsa mwachangu, amatha kudziteteza. Chifukwa chake, nyamazo sizikuwopsezedwa ndi njira yakufalikira kapena kutha. Komabe, ndizosavuta kutsatira kuchuluka kwa anthu owonapo mosamala kwambiri. Izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala m'malo osafikirika. Pachifukwa ichi, data yolondola ya anthu kulibe.

Chitetezo cha OS

Chithunzi: Wasp Red Book

Mwambiri, mitundu ya mavu sitha kutchedwa kuti yokhala pachiwopsezo, chifukwa chake sanalembedwe mu Buku Lofiyira. Pali mitundu yokhayo yomwe imadziwika kuti ili pangozi ndi asayansi madera ena. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, malo owotcha nkhalango adalembedwa mu Red Book la ku Moscow Region. M'chigawo cha Moscow, amayimilidwa ochepa. Nthawi zambiri ma nkhalango amakhala m'nkhalango. Mwa anthu, nyama izi sizimawoneka kawirikawiri.

Chomwe chikuchititsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma nkhalango ndikuvulaza anthu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Anthu mwadala amawononga zisa. Komanso nyengo zoyipa zimakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wa anthu. Izi ndichifukwa cha zipsera. Tizilombo timeneti nthawi zina timamanga nyumba zawo pamalo otseguka, pamitengo. Ngakhale mvula yamphamvu imatha kuwononga nyumba zawo.

Adani achilengedwe ndi mpikisano waukulu kuchokera ku mitundu ina amathandizira pakuwononga ma nkhalango. Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimasautsidwa ndi mbalame, majeremusi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ponena za kuopsa kosintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mavu a m'nkhalango, mitundu iyi ya tizilombo idalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira la Chigawo cha Moscow. Masiku ano, malo okhala nyamazi amatetezedwa mosamala. Komanso posachedwa zakonzedwa kuti apange madera atsopano otetezedwa achilengedwe.

Wasp - woimira wodabwitsawa. Moyo wawo ndi waufupi koma ndiwosangalatsa. Pazaka zochepa zapitazi, ma mavu amatha kumanga nyumba, kulera ana, ndipo mitundu ina imathandiza munthu mwachangu popanda mankhwala kuthana ndi tizirombo ta m'munda. Komanso si mavu onse amene amakhala ankhanza monga momwe amaganizira anthu ambiri. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yamtendere ndipo sidzaluma munthu popanda chifukwa.

Kodi mavu amakhala kuti?

“Komweko” kwa mavu kutengera mtundu ndi chakudya. Mapepala am'magulu azinyumba amakhala m'mundamo, m'nyumba, pansi pa nyumba za anthu. Amapanga chisa cha uchi, nthawi zambiri chozama chisa m'mphepete kapena kuphimba pansi. M'maselo a maselo, chiberekero chimayika dzira limodzi. Kulera ndi kudyetsa ana kumachitika ndi akazi akuchotsa mavu. Amuna amakhala kokha mpaka mating.

Mitundu yokhayokha m'nyumba zambiri sizimangidwa, amatenga zikwanje kwa akangaude, mbewa, tizilombo tambiri. Amayikira mazira m'thupi la chinyama chakufa, osasamala za ana, motero moyo wa mphutsi nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa: mpaka chimfine choyamba kapena mbalame yowuluka.

Kodi mavu amadya chiyani?

Kusankha kwa kukakamira chakudya cha tizilombo kumadalira zaka. Ma ma pepala amapeza chakudya cha mphutsi: zowiritsa matupi a akangaude, kafadala, mbozi, agulugufe, maulesi. Ochita kusala amadyetsa achichepere, omwe amatha kutembenuzira mitu yawo. Kwa njuchi, mavu pa nthawi yakula ya mphutsi ndizowopsa kwambiri, kuwukira ming'oma ndi mphutsi zosaka kungawononge malo osungira uchi.

Mitundu yokhayo, makamaka, imayikira mazira mthupi la kafadala, mphutsi zawo, kupatsa ana awo chakudya chakudya koyamba. Anthu okhwima ─ dzino lokoma. Dera lalikulu limatha kuwononga zokolola zambiri za mphesa ndi ma plums, zimawononga kwambiri maapulo, mapeyala. Mukugwa, wamkazi amadziunjikira zinthu zomwe zingathe kupirira kuzizira, monga chimfine. M'nyengo yozizira, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili mumkhalidwe wa hibernation (diapause), machitidwe a nthawi ino amayimitsidwa.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mavu akumwa?

Kwambiri ndikuluma pakati chilimwe. Anthu okhwima amadya zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso, kotero nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mundamo. Akazi okha omwe amaluma zowawa: mbola ndi ovipositor yomwe idasinthika pakusintha. Zida zowoneka bwino zimatuluka m'thupi, kugunda, ndikungobweza mwachangu. Nthawi zina amatha kuyambitsa kangapo mpaka poizoniyo atatha.

Tachotsa chida choluma, mavu omwe sanawonongeke ntchentche, mosiyana ndi njuchi, yomwe imadumphira patali yomwe imalepheretsa kuti ichotsedwe m'thupi la wozunzidwayo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kupha kachilombo kothandiza.

Monga gawo la poizoni wazidutswa:

• ma neurotoxins omwe angayambitse kufooka, ziwalo, kusokoneza magazi,
• hyaluronidase ─ imawononga ma cell a cell, imapangitsa redness ndikumayamwa pamalo oluma,
• histamine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamayanjane,
• acetylchonin, yomwe imakhudza kuwonetsedwa kwa mitsempha, imayambitsa kupweteka pambuyo pakuluma.
• phospholipases ─ amawononga makhoma a maselo am'magazi ndi minofu.

Kuopsa kwa poizoni ndikotheka kwa edema ya Quincke, yomwe imayendera limodzi ndi kupuma movutikira. Kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakuluma, popanda chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu, kumatha kupha.

Mukangomuma kuluma muyenera:

1. Mtsitsireni bwino bala.
2. Muthira mankhwala ululu woyamwa ndi peroxide, mowa, sopo kapena furatsilin.
3. Ikani zoziziritsa kukhosi.
4. Tengani antihistamine. Chingaliricho chimathandizira kuchepetsa kutupira, kuyabwa, kuyaka pambuyo kuluma.
5. Gona pansi, imwani zamadzi zambiri.

Tiyi yotentha, madzi otsekemera amathandizanso kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndikusintha zotsatira za poizoni m'thupi. Edema kuchokera kuluma ikhoza kukhala maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo, limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha. wolakwiridwayo amayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi. Pangokhala chisonyezo chocheperako chazovuta, perekani chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Ndizotheka kuchepa mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya aspen poizoni ndi mandimu a mandimu, mandimu, mkaka wa dandelion.

Masoka owonda, sorelo wamadzi amachepetsa ululu. Kuti muwone mavu ndikofunikira kapena ayi, funsoli silinayankhidwe ngakhale asayansi. Lamulo lalikulu: Hymenoptera pakokha siyankhanza, siziwukira popanda kupweteketsa ena. Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa chilengedwe m'chilengedwe ndizabwino. Mitundu yambiri imathandizira mundawo ndi dimba mwakuwononga kafadala, akangaude, chimbalangondo, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi agulugufe.