Mu 100 g yatsopano pike, 82 kcal yokha. Mankhwalawa amadziwika kuti ndi zakudya, zamafuta kwambiri komanso ochepa m'mafuta, omwe popanda vuto lililonse amatha kudya anthu onenepa kwambiri, koma ndikofunikira kuti musamadye kwambiri. Zomwezi zikugwiranso ntchito pike yophika, momwe 98 kcal okha. Komabe, 100 g ya pike yokazinga imakhala ndi 122 kcal. Chogulirachi sili chofunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi iwo omwe amatsatira chiwerengero chawo.
Mitundu ya Pike
Banja la Shchukov lili ndi mitundu 7 yayikulu ya pike. Tiyeni tikhazikike pa chilichonse cha izi:
- Mwachizolowezi - membala wodziwika kwambiri pabanja, amakhala m'malo ambiri osungirako ku North America ndi Europe. Makulidwe amodzi apakatikati, mpaka ma 1.5 metres ndi masikweya mpaka 7-8 kg. Mutha kukumana ndi nsomba zamtunduwu m'matupi amadzi am'madzi, zithupi ndi magombe.
- American - amakhala kum'mawa kwa North America. Anthu okongola ocheperako, mpaka 80cm kutalika ndi masekeli mpaka 1 kg. Mbali yodziwika ndi kufupikitsidwa kwa moyo ndi nthawi yochepa ya moyo - zaka 8-9 zokha.
- Black (milozo) ndi woimira wina wamtundu womwe amakhala m'madzi aku North America. Kunja amafanana ndi pike wamba, komabe, m'litali sapitirira 60 cm ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa 4 kg. Mtundu wodziwika bwino m'mphepete ndi chingwe chakuda pamwamba pamaso ndichinthu chosiyanitsa mitunduyo. Malo okhala bwino - magawo a matupi amadzi okhala ndi masamba ambiri. Zakudya za ma pikes akuda zimayimiriridwa makamaka ndi nyama zopanda nyama, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndimtendere.
- Amurskaya ndi wokhalamo wamadzi am'madzi a chilumba cha Sakhalin ndi Mtsinje wa Amur, womwe umafika kutalika kwa 115 cm ndi kulemera kwa 20 kg. Kwa mitundu iyi ya pike, mtundu wa siliva m'miyeso umakhala wamakhalidwe, nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira. Malo ambiri amdima pamimba ndi kumbuyo kwake amachititsa kuti mtunduwu ukhale wofanana ndi taimen.
- Kumwera (Chitaliyana) - kuchokera ku dzinali zikuwonekeratu kuti mtunduwu umakhala m'malo osungirako pakati ndi kumpoto kwa Italy. Kwa zaka zambiri zimawerengedwa ngati mitundu yokhazikika ya pike;
- Aquitaine ndi mtundu wodziwika komanso wowerengeka wa pike, womwe unangopangidwa mchaka cha 2014. Oimira amakhala m'madzi opanda madzi ku France.
- Maskinong ndiye mtundu wa pike wosowa kwambiri komanso waukulu kwambiri womwe umakhala m'madzi abwino aku America. Zitsanzo za munthu payekha zimafikira mita 1.8 ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 40 kg, zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri. Kunja, mascinong ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi pike wamba komanso waku America, koma malingaliro opezeka pachiwono chapansi ndi kusiyana kofunikira. Chimphona chija chimakhala ndi siliva wachikhalidwe, chosakhala chobiriwira pang'ono, mbali zake ndizokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu yofanana ndi mawanga.
Kukula kwa Pike
Pali nthano zenizeni zakukula kwabwino kwa pike m'mabuku apadera. Kodi pis ya Boris Godunov yolemera makilogalamu 130 ndi kutalika kwa mita 6. Khulupirirani kapena ayi, iyi ndi nkhani yachinsinsi kwa aliyense. Tidzayang'ana pazinthu zodziwika bwino zasayansi komanso zodalirika.
Pike yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi idagwidwa pakati pa 30s ya zaka zapitazi pamtunda wa USSR, mu Lake Ilmen, idafikira kutalika kwa mamitala 2 ndikulemera 35 kg.
Mpaka pano, asayansi apeza kuti kukula kwakukulu kwa ma pikes kumakhala kunyanja zikumpoto kwa Russia. Ndi nyanja, osati mitsinje, monga ambiri amakhulupirira. Kuphatikiza apo, kum'mwera kwenikweni, ndiye kuti sangathe kupeza mwayi weniweni.
Kubwera pike
Kutulutsa kwa pike, monga lamulo, kumachitika pokhapokha atasungunuka ndi madzi oundana ophikira m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi imeneyo kutentha kwa madzi kumayamba kutentha mpaka madigiri 3-6 Celsius, ndipo chilengedwe chimakhala chokomera kwambiri. Pike - nsomba zomwe zidayamba kale kuposa ena. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pakukonzekera kwathunthu kwa pike caviar amakonda kwambiri - madzi ozizira, odzazidwa ndi mpweya. Kutentha kwakubwera, pike imayamba kufunafuna malo oti utulukirepo - nthawi zambiri malowa ndi osaya kwambiri osungiramo madzi osungika mpaka mita imodzi.
Akazi ndi okonzeka kutulutsa zaka 4, ali amuna okhwima pachaka chimodzi, kapena awiri pambuyo pake. Pakadali pano, afika kale masentimita 30 ndipo amalemera kupitirira 400 g - ndi omwe amatsegula nthawi yowerengera, pambuyo pake amaphatikizidwa ndi ma pikes apakati komanso akuluakulu, omwe amakhala ochulukirapo. Pakatha milungu ingapo, mphutsi zimaswa.
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti kuwedza kwa ma pike nthawi yowuma ndizoletsedwa, nthawi yoletsa madzi am'chigawo chilichonse imatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha.
Pike Habitats
Pike ndiye nyama yolusa kwambiri ikafika kwa anthu okhala dziwe. Pali malo okwanira mumtsinje chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwathunthu. Koryazhniki, tchire la m'mphepete mwa mitengo ndi mitengo, malovu amchenga ndi malo okhala ndi malo okumbikakumbika ndi malo abwino opangira ma pikes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azipeza nthawi yayitali.
Tikhale pamalo omwe nsomba zimachita bwino kwambiri:
- Koryazhniki - chilengedwechi chikuyimiriridwa ndi mitengo yomwe idasefukira, nthambi zakugwa, mitengo yomwe imachepetsa kuyenda kwa madzi ndikupanga madontho achilengedwe mwakuya. Zotsalira za nkhuni ndi zinyalala sizingokhala chakudya chokha, komanso malo abwino osungirako omwe amalola osaka kusaka.
- Madzi osaya ndi nthenga - madzi oundana akangotuluka mu chosungira ndipo madziwo akatenthe mpaka kutentha kwambiri, nsomba zimayamba kusiya maenje ake ozizira. Chifukwa chake ndikuwuza kumene kuli madzi osaya, pomwe madzi amatentherera mwachangu, ndikuyimira otumizidwa oyamba. Nsomba zimadzimva bwino mu udzu wambiri wa udzu.
- Mchenga wamchenga - wolusa amatsatira ma bawa makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo, zomwe zimayenera kukumbukiridwa pokonzekera usodzi. Ndipo pali cholungamirapo chosavuta pa ichi - inali nthawi iyi kuti panali nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zinakhala nyama yabwino yolandila.
- Mphepo yamkuntho ndi malo ena okongola a pike. Mitsinje yamitundu yonse ndi ngalande zam'madzi zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwamadzi nthawi zonse zimakopa zilombo. Maenje komwe kulipo sakukondedwa kwambiri.
- Madera a Bridge - m'munsi mwa mlatho, malo omwe amapezekapo, ndikupanga ma vortices. Malo oterewa ndi abwino kwa nsomba zokonda mtendere - chakudya cha pike. Nyamayi imabisala mumthunzi wa mlatho, zomwe zimapereka chiwopsezo pompopompo.
Kodi pike imawoneka bwanji?
Pike amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yolusa kwambiri yam'madzi. Amakhala moyo wobisalira, wokhala pansi. Malo otsetsereka osakira nyama pafupi ndi obisalira, kuteteza chakudya cham'tsogolo mukabisala. Koma mkati mwa zhor yogwira, nsomba imasinthira maukadaulo, ndikuyenda mozungulira malo awo, ndipo ikaona yomwe ikufuna, imagwira ndikuyiyendetsa mwamphamvu.
Kapangidwe ka nsomba ndi mawonekedwe ake
Kuzindikira pike ndikosavuta: ili ndi thupi lalitali lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka komanso kupezeka kwa zipsepse zomwe zimaperekedwa kumchira, nsomba zimatha kupanga kuthamanga kwa mphezi.
Zowonjezerazo zimapangidwa bwino, zimakhala ndi paddle kapena mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amakhudzanso bwino ma hydrodynamics a pike. Mamba amatsatira molimba wina ndi mnzake, ndikupanga chivundikiro chowoneka mthupi mthupi lonse - izi zimathandiza kuteteza nsomba ku mano owola a adani kapena abale.
Mkamwa, Masomphenya, ndi Kuzindikira
Nsombayo imakhala ndi kabowolekedwe kooneka ngati kabowo, komwe kamalola kuti pike iwone kutsogolo - izi zimathandizira kuyang'ana kuthamanga kwa nsomba zomwe zikuyenda komanso mtunda kwa iwo. Kuwoneka kotereku kwa mawonekedwe a chigaza ndi maso otambalala kumapereka mwayi kwa pike mwayi wowona malo amadzi osati okha, komanso kuchokera kumbali, ndikuwonanso zinthu pansi pake.
Koma chifukwa cha pakamwa lotseguka, ngodya yomwe ili m'munsiyi imachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe sizimalola kuti nsombayo iwone chandamale ngati ili pansi pake. Asodzi omwe amadziwa za izi amayesetsa kuti asakutse nyamboyo mpaka pansi.
Nyamayi imakhala ndi khutu labwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake imatha kupita kukasaka ngakhale m'madzi amatope, ndikugwira magwero a madzi osinthika pang'ono kuchokera kumtunda wautali. Pike imakhala ndi mkondo wambiri komanso wokulirapo, womwe uli ndi malo ofunikira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake a gill, omwe adasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake, sizipangitsa kuti nsombayo itsegule pakamwa pake kuti igwire nsomba zazikulu.
Mano ndi kusintha kwawo
Pakamwa pa nyama yolusa, pamakhala mano ambiri akuthwa, ndipo ena mwa iwo amapezeka nsagwada ndipo amakhala ndi timiyendo tosiyanasiyana. Malilime oyang'ana malilime amawoneka palilime ndi pakamwa, chomwe chimayimira chikopa chokhala ngati singano zopangika ngati zokhala ndi mabowo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pike samabera nyama ndi mano ake, amafunika kuti agwire. Chida chachikulu cha nsombayi ndi ndendende mano, chifukwa zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri anthu osazindikira omwe sadziwa kuthana nawo.
Chinthu chinanso chomwe nsombayi ndi kusintha kwa mano akale ndi owonongeka. Ena amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika atatulutsa mwezi wathunthu. Kusintha kwa mano mu pikes sikosasintha, koma kwamuyaya. Posintha mano, nsomba imapitilirabe kudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zitha kugwidwa bwino. Kusowa kwa kuluma mutangotulutsa kumasonyeza kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya nsomba zomwe zatha mutatha kuswana, koma osati posintha mano.
Mtundu
Pike imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wake wamtambo, womwe umaloleza kuti usaonekere pena paliponse posungira. Mu nsomba, pafupifupi thupi lonse, kupatula pamimba, pali mikwingwirima yopepuka komanso malo owonekera. Izi ndizabwino makamaka kwa nsomba m'malo omwe mumapezeka udzu wambiri ndi mabatani.
Ndizovuta kuyankha ndendende yomwe imawonedwa kuti ndi maziko, komanso yomwe ndi chithunzi. Kamvekedwe kamatengera zaka za nsomba, malo, zakudya ndi zina. Achichepere amakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka, womwe umakhala wakuda pamene nsomba zimakula. Mtundu wodziwika bwino wa nsomba zambiri ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima ya maolivi ndi mawanga. Nthawi zambiri nsombayi imakhala ndi msana wakuda, wachikaso kapena chofiirira chokhala ndi timimba tamadontho tating'ono, zipsepu za imvi zokhala ndi madontho owoneka ndi mikwaso.
Zofala
Woimira wamba wamtundu. Amakhala matupi ambiri amadzi amchere a ma Europe komanso North America. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika mita 1.5 ndikulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 8. Mtundu wa pike wamba umasiyana malinga ndi malo omwe amakhala. Pali mtundu wonyezimira wonyezimira, womwe ndi utoto wonenepa komanso nsomba ya chikasu.
Pike wamba amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalangozi, madzi osasunthika, komanso gawo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Waku America
Ichi ndi pike yofiyira yomwe imakhala kumadera akum'mawa kwa North America. Iagawika m'magulu awiri: pike red-pike red ndi pike wakummwera wokhala ku Mississippi ndi mitsempha yamadzi yomwe imalowa mu Atlantic Ocean.
Palibe mtundu umodzi wokha wa pike waku America ndi wamkulu. Amakula mpaka masentimita 35 mpaka 40, amafika kulemera kwa kilogalamu imodzi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kufupikitsidwa. Ma pike akumwera alibe zipsepse zofiira. Kutalika kwa moyo wa pike waku America sikuposa zaka 10.
Maskinong
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya pike, imaganiziridwa ngati mtundu wosowa. Dzina la nsombayi lidaperekedwa ndi amwenyewo amazitcha maashkinoozhe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pike yoyipa. Nsomba yachiwiri "chimphona chachikulu" chimalandiridwa chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Anthu ena amatha kulemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 32 okhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka mita 1.8. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi pike ndi siliva, wobiriwira kapena mtundu wa bulauni. Pali mawanga kapena mikwingwirima yakumaso kumbuyo.
Amur
Nsomba zokhala ndi siliva wosalala kapena golide wobiriwira wagolide. Mtundu wa Amur pike ndiwokondweretsa - mawanga ambiri abulauni akuda amabalalika thupi lonse, kuyambira kumutu mpaka mchira.
Oimira mtunduwu amakula mpaka 1,15 metres, mpaka kufika pa 20 kilogalamu. Amur pike amakhala m'madziwe a Sakhalin Island ndi Mtsinje wa Amur. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chafika zaka 14.
Chakuda
Wotsogola ku North America omwe amakhala m'madzi komanso mitsinje yochulukirapo kuyambira kum'mwera kwa Canada kupita ku Florida ku United States ndi kupitilira, mpaka ku Great Lakes ndi Mississippi Valley. Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu kumafika masentimita 60 ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu awiri. Kunja, pike yakuda ndiyofanana ndi mawonekedwe wamba. Kusiyanitsa kakhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa mbali ndi mzere wamdima pamwamba pamaso.
Kodi mdaniyo amakhala kuti?
Pike amakhala m'madzi opanda mchere aku North America ndi Europe. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba imabisala m'madzi oyenda pang'ono kapena osayenda pang'onopang'ono, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'nkhokwe. Nsomba zimakhala moyo wokhazikika m'madzi, mitsinje, m'madziwe. Koma ma pike amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'madera opanda nyanja yamchere, mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Curonia, Chifinishi ndi Riga ya Nyanja ya Baltic.
M'madziwe ndi m'madziwe, nyama zolusa zimasambira pafupi ndi gombe, zimasungidwa m'madzi osaya kwambiri okhala ndi matayala amchere. M'mitsinje, nsomba sizimapezeka pagombe lokha, komanso mwakuya. Ndikofunikira kuti pike azikhala m'misili yomwe imalowa m'malo osungira kwambiri.
Pike amakhala momasuka m'malo osungirako komwe amakhala ndi okosijeni wokwanira, chifukwa ngakhale dontho la chisanu likhoza kugwa, madzi ambiri amatha kufa. Nsomba zimalekerera bwino madzi acidified, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ngakhale m'madambo. Nsombazo zimayesetsa kupewa mitsinje yolimba komanso yolimba.
Mkhalidwe waukulu wa nsomba ndi kukhalapo kwamasamba ambiri. Madera akumpoto, nsomba nthawi zambiri amabisala kumbuyo kwa miyala, pansi pa matchire kapena mabowo - pamenepo amayembekeza nyama yake.
Pobisalira, nsomba imangoyenda, kenako mwadzidzidzi ndipo imathamangira kumene ikufuna. Sizotheka kuthana ndi chiwopsezo cha pike, ngati kuthamangitsa nyama, sikungathawe. Chodabwitsa cha nsomba iyi ndikutha kupanga kudumphira m'mwamba, komanso imatha kumeza wovutayo kuchokera kumutu kokha.
Kodi nsomba zimadya chiyani?
Pike la Malek limakonda tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timakhala m'madzi. Koma akamakula, nsomba zimayamba kudya nsomba zazing'onozo. Zakudya za akulu okha zimakhala ndi nsomba. Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa nyama zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zochepa, kuphatikizapo crucian carp, roach, blak, rudd, nsomba komanso nsomba za banja la cyprinidae. Amawopa nsomba zosadziwika.
Katatu pachaka, ma pike amakhala ndi zhor, nthawi zambiri asanabadwe, atangomera, mu Meyi-Julayi, mu Seputembara-Okutobala.
Izi zimatengedwa ngati zofunikira, chifukwa zambiri zimatengera nyengo.
Kukula ndi kubereka
Kukula kwa Pike pa kutentha kwa madigiri 3-6, madzi oundana atayamba kusungunuka, pakuya mamita 15 mpaka 1000 (kutengera nthaka). Pakukutira, pike imatuluka m'madzi osaya ndikufalikira ndi phokoso. Mu nkhokwe zachilengedwe, kutha msambo kwa amuna kumachitika zaka 4, ndipo zazikazi wazaka 5.
Nthawi zambiri, kuswana kumayambira mwa anthu ochepa kwambiri, nthawi ikadzakwana kuti itulutsidwe kwa anthu akuluakulu. Pakadali pano, ma pikes amagwira m'magulu awiri, amuna awiri amphongo awiri mwa akazi amodzi, mwa akazi akulu - mpaka amuna 8. Pike yaikazi imadumphira kutsogolo kwa kuwaza, ndikutsatira amuna pambali. Nthawi yakuswana, nsomba zimayamba kupukuta kutchire, stump, mapesi a mabango, amphaka ndi zinthu zina. Nsomba sizikhala m'malo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kusuntha mosalekeza m'malo ena, ndikutaya mazira.
Ngati, mutaswana, madziwo amatsika, kumwalira mazira ambiri. Zodabwitsazi nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi yamasika (zotulutsira) za mulingo m'malo osungira.
Kufika kutalika kwa mamilimita 12 mpaka 15, ma pike mwachangu amatha kale kusaka popanda mphutsi za cyprinids. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zam'banja la cyprinid zimabereka pambuyo pike, kuti ana a pike azitha kwambiri. Anthuwa akakula pafupifupi masentimita 5, amasinthana ndi kudya ana a nsomba zina.
Chapakatikati, pike limodzi ndi madzi osefukira amakhala m'madzi osefukira.Pakapita kanthawi, kulumikizana kwa nyanja ndi mitsinje kumasokonezeka, chifukwa chomwe moyo wamayendedwe oterowo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi moyo wa abale omwe akukhala m'mitsinje kapena m'madzi akulu. Kuperewera kwa zakudya kumabweretsa kuti anthu azaka zofanana atha kukhala 2-2,5 kuchulukana zochulukirapo. Nsomba zing'onozing'ono zimakhala chakudya cha adani akuluakulu.
Nyengo
Msodzi aliyense amadziwa kuti pike ndi nsomba yokhayokha, yosankha matupi amadzi ndi madzi ofooka, imakhala pafupi ndi masamba, imakhala m'mabowo, mabowo. Kuyambira m'masiku oyamba, pike mwachangu amayamba kusaka mwachangu. Pakutha kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo, kukula kwachinyamata kumafika masentimita 40 kutalika ndi kulemera mpaka kilogalamu imodzi.
M'madzi akulu akulu, anthu pafupifupi angapo amagwidwa nyengo imodzi, kutalika kwake ndi mita imodzi ndi kulemera mpaka kilogalamu 15. Ndikwabwino kupha nsomba kumalimwe ndi nthawi yophukira.
Chapakatikati pike imayamba kuswana ndipo ikangopuma pang'ono, imayamba kudya, zomwe zimathandizira kubwezeretsa mphamvu. Wanjala ya nsomba yozizira amathamangira pachilichonse chomwe chimagwera m'munda wawo wamaso ndikutenga spinner iliyonse. Chapakatikati, pike peck, monga lamulo, masana, usiku - nsomba kugona. Madera osangalatsawa ndi osaya komanso zomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Asodzi amatha kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino pamasiku otentha.
Mu nthawi yophukiraMiyezi "yanjala" itayandikira, nsomba zimayamba kumangokhala mafuta. Mu nthawi yophukira, kuwombera sikumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo pike imasungidwa pamalo omwe nsomba zazing'ono zimayenda nthawi yachisanu, koma kugwidwa kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri, makamaka panthawi yachilimwe pikes imalemera, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zawo komanso kukana kwawo. Nyama ya nsomba zotereyi imawoneka ngati yokoma kwambiri.
M'chilimwe Njirayi imaluma mosagwirizana, ndipo ngati itenga nyambo, ndiyodalirika kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imangomangirira pakamwa kotsika m'mphepete ndipo nthawi zambiri imachoka. Nthawi yabwino yosodza imawerengedwa ngati kuyamba kwa masana mpaka 16 pm.
M'nyengo yotentha, zilombo zolusa zimasunthira kumathengo a maluwa amadzimadzi, lotus ndi walnuts wamadzi chifukwa chakuti pali nsomba zazing'ono zambiri ndi ana abakha. Munthawi imeneyi, pafupifupi osaya, ma pikes akuluakulu olemera makilogalamu 10-15 amawonekera. Ndi kuponya kolondola kwa spinner kapena kukopeka, mutha kugwira mawu ambiri.
Kulipirira nsomba
Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo zonse ziwiri zosakanikirana komanso zopopera pogwira ma pike. Koma asodzi akuyenera kudziwa kuti opopera amayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndikwabwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito poyenda mwachangu komanso mu udzu.
Wobblers ndi nsomba zopangidwa zomwe zimatsata machitidwe a mwachangu. Amagawidwa m'madzi oyandama komanso kumira. Anthu oyandama amagwiritsa ntchito pike pamalo okumbika a madzi - osapitilira mita 2, madzi omwe amira - osachedwa kumira. Kukula koyenera kwambiri kwa wobbler kumawerengedwa kuti ndi masentimita 7-12. Chovomerezeka kutenga masentimita 4-6, koma mwayi woti mugwire chithunzithunzi umachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kugwira
Pike amakodwa mothandizidwa ndi woyamwa kapena mbedza. Ngati mutha kugwira pike yoyamba, ndipo kulibe zida zoterezi, simuyenera kugwira nyama m'manja - pike sidzangokhala, komanso kuvulaza manja anu.
Njira yodalirika yogwira pike kuchokera kumadzi ndi manja osagwedezeka ndikubweretsa nsomba kumtunda, ndikumakankhira pike ndi chala chanu ndi chala chamaso m'maso mwanu, ndikutulutsa nsomba mumadzi. Pewani kuvulala pokhapokha mutachotsa nyambo mu nsagwada za nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera. Tsegulani pakamwa pachiwono pike.
Momwe ndingagwiritsire pike trophy?
Pakusodza kwakukulu muyenera kukonzekera bwino, muzilankhula. Choyamba, ma pikes akulu ngati nyambo yayikulu. Nyama zam'madzi za silicone mpaka 25 sentimita yayitali zimatengedwa ndi nyambo yabwino kwambiri yogwira nsomba. Nsomba zazing'ono sizisambira "chinyama" choterocho, koma anthu omwe akulemera makilogalamu 7-8 mosakayikira adzaponyedwa. Amagwira wokwera pa boti lamayendedwe, amawakoka nyambo zingapo nawo, pa liwiro lotsika.
Chodabwitsa cha nsomba zomwe zimadya ndikuti nsomba zikagwedezeka, nsomba sizibisala mozama ndipo sizidzayandama, kumbali yake, zibwerera kumalo oimikapo magalimoto. Chifukwa cha izi, ndikofunikira kugwirira mobwerezabwereza malo omwe pike ikhoza kukhalamo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pike sangayendetse nthawi yayitali, koma kuchokera pa 10 mita imatha kutenga mwayi. Asodzi anati nthawi zina pike amadumphira m'madzi kuti akwaniritse nyambo yomwe ikupita.
Zothandiza pike
Ubwino wawukulu wa pike ndikuti uli ndi zakudya zamagulu, chifukwa cha mafuta ake ocheperako komanso zochepa zamafuta. Komanso nyama ya pike ili ndi mankhwala achilengedwe ambiri, omwe samangolimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso amathandizira kupewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya. Chifukwa chaichi, kumwa nyama yamphamba kumalimbikitsidwa kupewa fuluwenza.
Pike imakhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, mavitamini a B ndi zinthu zina - kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha mtima. Pike ndi yothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima, mavuto am'mimba, kunenepa kwambiri, hypovitaminosis.
Kodi kuweta ma pike ndi kulera?
Pike ndi nsomba yodya nyama, chifukwa chaichi sichivomerezedwa m'madziwe momwe mitembo kapena zipatso zimamera. Koma nsomba zimachita bwino kunyanja, m'madziwe ndi mitsinje, komwe kuli nsomba zambiri zamasamba, zomwe zidzakhale chakudya.
Mabizinesi ambiri akwanitsa kuwerengera ma pike m'madzi ndi mabanki omwe ali ndi udzu wambiri. M'malo oterowo nthawi zonse mumakhala nsomba zazing'ono zambiri, pano ndizosavuta kuti Pike agwire nyama. Koma m'malo osungirako bwino okhala mumasamba, komwe kuli nsomba zochepa, munthu sangalore kupeta nyama zambiri, chifukwa kumakhala chakudya.
Ndi kubereka kokumba, pike imatha kulemera mofulumira kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Pamaso pa nsomba zochuluka zamasamba, ana azaka zamkaka amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 400, ndipo zitsanzo zina za anthu nthawi zina zimafika pa kilogalamu imodzi.
Zomwe nsomba zikukula:
- Makanda amtundu wabadwa amadzala m'madziwe odyetsa limodzi ndi carp. Chaka chotsatira, alimi ambiri a nsomba amangosiyira ana ang'onoang'ono kuti akonze, ndipo zotsalazo zimatumizidwa kukagulitsa. Nsomba zomwe zimakhala ndi zaka 2 zimaleredwa m'matumbo a carp, pomwe zimadyetsa ma cyprinids ndi udzu carp. M'nyengo yozizira, ma pikes amatumizidwa ku zimbudzi zadothi, komwe ana azaka 15 mpaka 20 za crucian carp kapena roach amawokedwa pamodzi ndi 1 pike.
- Ngati nsombayo ilibe nguluwe zake, pike yochokera m'malo osungira zachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nyama zazing'ono. Chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zathupi, amuna osachepera asanu amatengedwa wamkazi. Kuti muberetsere ndowe kapena dziwe laling'ono, pomwe pali zochuluka za mbewu za m'madzi - kumatula kokha pokhapo.
- Patsiku lachitatu, mphutsi za pike zimagwidwa kuchokera kosayenera. Pasanathe masiku 15 kuchokera pamene anagwidwa, mphutsizo zimatumizidwa kumalo osungira, komwe zimakapeza chakudya chawo. Kuti mphutsi zakumera komwe zikuboweka zisakhale pazomera zam'madzi, zimakololedwa kale.
Kukula pike m'madziwe ndi ntchito yovuta, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zomwe kuphatikiza mazira ndi njira ina yokumbira yomwe ikuchitika.
Pakudyetsa nkhokwe, kuchuluka kwa nyama zazing'ono kumakhala pafupifupi 50%. Pa mahekitala amodzi a dziwe, pomwe pali nsomba zambiri zamasamba, palibepo anthu oposa 400, pomwe ochepa alipo - osaposa 250. Koma kumalo komwe kulibe nsomba zamasamba konse, mpaka 200 zipatso zimayambitsidwa. M'malo osungira ambiri, pa hekitala iliyonse yagalasi lamadzi imapatsa 300 pike. Nthawi yomweyo, matupi amadzi amachepetsedwa kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Zosangalatsa
Pike yayikulu kwambiri yomwe tidakwanitsa kugwira inali nsomba zomwe Emperor Frederick wachiwiri Barbaross adazigwira mu 1230 mumzinda wa Helboron. Kenako kutalika kwa nsombazo kunali kochepera kuposa 3 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kunafikira oposa kilogalamu 70. Nsombayo idakunyamulidwa ndikugwetsedwanso kunyanja. Pambuyo pa zaka 267, nsomba izi zidagwidwa munyanja yomweyo, koma kutalika kwake kudafikira mita 5.7 ndipo kulemera kwake kudali ma kilogalamu 140. Chifukwa cha moyo wautali, pike wapeza mtundu woyera kwathunthu. Nsombazo zidamasulidwa, koma sizinawoneke ndi munthu wina aliyense.
Chosangalatsa china ndichakuti nsombayi, pakukhala nthawi yayitali, imadziwa zambiri, imakula, ndipo imadzifunira yokha zokulirapo. Amatha kusangalala ndi abakha ang'onoang'ono, muskrats ndi mafoni ena amadzi. Anthu omwe atalika kutalika kwa mamitala 2 amathanso kudyetsa zoweta zazikulu, mwachitsanzo agalu, kapena akafika kutalika kwa 5 metres, kumenya munthu (milandu yotereyi siyikudziwika, koma zenizeni).
Pike ndi nsomba yayikulu yazinyama yomwe imatha kuwerengeredwa mu dziwe lake. Amapeza phindu lochulukirapo kuchokera kumakampani ogulitsa, chifukwa nyama yansomba imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, zipatso zochepa, zopatsa mphamvu, komanso zopindulitsa thupi.
Zowopsa za pike
Nyama ya nsombayi, akatswiri azakudya sanapeze zinthu zomwe zitha kukhala zovulaza thanzi la munthu. M'malo mwake, imawonedwa ngati hypoallergenic kwathunthu. Asodzi ndi akatswiri othandiza pachipatala amalimbikitsa kuti azingoyang'anira malo omwe nsomba zimagwidwira.
Koma kumbukirani kuti mnofu wa nyama umakonda kusungidwa pazinthu zowopsa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa mukamaphika mbale kuchokera ku pike, yomwe idagwidwa munyanjamo yoyipitsidwa. Momwe zingatheke, nsomba izi zimakhala zowopsa kwa Asilamu ena achi Orthodox. Malinga ndi zomwe amakhulupirira, mnofu wa pike ndiwosavomerezeka mu chakudya monga nkhumba. Malinga ndi zolembedwa zakale, chifukwa choletsa chotere chinali mtanda, wowerengedwa pankhope za anthu akuluakulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma Pike amatsutsana pamaso pa ziwengo ndi kusalolera kwa munthu payekha. Komanso, musagwiritse ntchito moipa nsomba izi, apo ayi mutha kupeza mapaundi owonjezera, ngakhale kuti malonda awa amawonedwa ngati zakudya. Anthu omwe akuwopa kulemera kwambiri ayenera kudya pike yaying'ono komanso kuwawa.
Mu kanemayo, chef Ilya Lazerson lucidly akufotokozera momwe angaphikitsire kudula ma pike molondola komanso mokoma.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Pike ndi nsomba yolusa ya banja la ma pike, gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi zowongolera komanso dongosolo la ma pike. Kuti mupitilize kufotokozera za nsombayi, muyenera kusankha mitundu yake, chifukwa imasiyana pakati pawo osati malo ogawikirako, komanso mawonekedwe akunja. Mitundu ya pike ili ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya nsomba. Pa gawo la dziko lathu pali mitundu iwiri ya ma pike - wamba ndi Amur, ndipo asanu otsalawa adalembetsedwa ku North America.
Pike wamba ndi yochulukirapo, idakhazikika ku North America ndi Europe. Tidzakhala mwatsatanetsatane zamtunduwu m'tsogolomo; pazotsatira zake tidzakambirana momwe nsomba zimakhalira.
Pike wofiyidwa ndi red (American) amakhala ndi malo okhazikika kum'mawa kwa North America ndipo amakhala m'magulu awiri: pike yakumpoto yodzadza ndi udzu (kumwera). Kutalika kwa izi zapansi pamtunda kumatha kufika masentimita 45, ndipo misa ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya ma pikiyi ndi mutu wofupikitsidwa. Pike chaudzu ilibe mtundu wa lalanje pazipsepse.
Kanema: Pike
Maskinong pike ndikosavuta. Ndilo lalikulu kwambiri pabanja lawo. Dzinalo mu chilankhulo cha amwenye limatanthawuza "pike yoyipa." Amatchulidwanso kuti chimphona, chifukwa toyesa okhwima amatha kupitilira mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo akulemera pafupifupi 32 kg. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wa siliva, wobiriwira, bulauni, ndipo kumbali za nsomba mumakhala mitambo kapena malo.
Pike yokhala ndi zingwe (yakuda) ndiyofanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe wamba, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 60, ndipo kukula kwake kumatha kukhala pafupifupi 2 kg, ngakhale panali zitsanzo zina zolemera kuposa kilogalamu zinayi. M'mphepete mwa pike iyi pali ndondomeko yomwe imawoneka ngati yokongola, ndipo mzere wakuda umadutsa m'maso mwa nsomba.
Amur pike ndi yocheperako mpaka kukula pike wamba, toyesa zazikulu kwambiri zimatha kutalika kupitirira mita, ndikulemera pafupifupi 20 kg. Makala a nsomba ndi ochepa komanso ali ndi siliva kapena mtundu wamtambo wonyezimira; malo amtunduwu amapezeka paliponse la pike, lomwe limapangitsa kuti utoto wake ukhale wofanana ndi taimen.
Pali mitundu yosakanizidwa ya pike, yowetedwa ndi munthu. Anthu otere sanasinthidwe kuti athe kufalikira kuthengo, chifukwa chake si anthu odziyimira pawokha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Maonekedwe a pike ndi mawonekedwe ake onse akufotokozedwa ndi chitsanzo cha pike wamba, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumasiyana 25 mpaka 35 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira mita imodzi ndi theka. Mawonekedwe a pikeyo ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati torpedo, mutu wa nsomba yayitali, wamlitali pang'ono, chifukwa nsagwada zazifupi. Nsagwada yapamwamba imasungunuka mpaka pansi, ndipo, pomwepo, imatsogola kupita kutsogolo. Ichi ndiye chizindikiritso cha chilombo cholusa. Pa nsagwada ya m'munsi, mano amakhala ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imathandizira kugwidwa kwa womenyedwayo.
Kuchokera pamwambapa, mano ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amayang'ana ndi mfundo molunjika pakhosi la nsomba. Chifukwa cha izi, wogwidwayo amangamezedwa mosavuta, koma zimatha kuthawa. Kusintha kwa mano kumadziwika kwambiri ndi pikes, koma mano sasintha onse nthawi imodzi, njirayi imachitika m'magawo. Maso a nyama zolusa ndi zazikulu komanso ezitali kwambiri, izi zimamuthandiza kuwona gawo lalikulu osatembenuka.
Ngati talankhula za mtundu wa pike, ndiye kuti zimachitika mosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera madzi osungira momwe nsomba zimakhalira, pazomera zomwe zimapezeka kumeneko komanso zaka zake.
Toni yayikulu ya nsomba imatha kukhala:
- wobiriwira
- imvi
- zofiirira
- siliva (wopezeka mu nsomba zam'nyanja).
Kumbuyo, pike nthawi zonse imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, ndipo kumbali za nsomba kumakhala malo amtundu wakuda kapena amtundu wakuda. Mapeyala opaka utoto ali ndi utoto wa lalanje, ndipo zipsepa zosatupa zimatha kukhala zofiirira kapena imvi ndi yellowness. Zipsepse zonse zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, kuphatikiza mchira.
Amadziwika kuti anthu okhala ndi ma pike azimayi ndi okulirapo kuposa abambo, thupi lawo silikhala lalitali kwambiri ndipo moyo wawo ndi wautali.
Kutsegulira mwa jini mwa amuna ndi akazi ndi kosiyana. Amuna ndi yopapatiza, yokhala ngati yodyeka, imakhala ndi mtundu wammimba, ndipo mwa akazi imawoneka ngati poyambira pang'onopang'ono, pomwe wozungulira wagolidi amawoneka.
Kugawika kwachilendo kwa pike kutengera kukula kwake kumakhalapo pakati pa asodzi.
- udzu, womwe umakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono ndi nyanja, kutalika kwake nthawi zina kumafikira theka la mita, ndipo misa sapitilira ma kilogalamu awiri,
- Pike yakuya yomwe imapezeka m'mitsinje yakuzama ndi nyanja yayikulu, komwe kuya kwake kumatha kupitirira mita isanu. Anthu otere amakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika ndi kulemera pafupifupi 35 kg, koma nthawi zambiri amagwidwa akulemera kuchokera ma kilogalamu awiri mpaka asanu.
Kugawidwa kwa nsomba koteroko sikumakhudzidwa mwanjira iliyonse komanso kwasayansi. Mwambiri, achichepere amakhala m'madzi osaya kuti asadzadye chakudya cha abale awo akuluakulu, ndipo pamakhala chakudya chochulukirapo. Mapaipi achikulire amapita pansi kwambiri, amakonda ziphuphu ndi maenje a pansi pa madzi.
Kodi pike imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Pike
Pike ndi munthu wokhala m'madzi opanda madzi omwe amakhala ku Eurasia ndi North America. Itha kukhala yokonda zigawo zonse za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zili ndi udzu wokulirapo, mabango, malupanga, ndi maenje omwe ali pansi kwambiri.
Pochi wa Grassy (kumwera) amakhala mumtsinje wa Mississippi ndi mitsinje ina yomwe imalowa mu Atlantic Ocean. Pike yakuda (yamizeremizere) imakonda kukhazikika kunyanja ndi mitsinje yopitilira kum'mwera kwa Canada kupita ku boma la Florida ku Florida; malo ake amafikira ku Great Lakes ndi Mtsinje wa Mississippi. Amur pike amakhala m'madziwe a Sakhalin Island, komanso mumtsinje wa Amur. Pike wa ku Italy wasankha madzi amumpoto komanso pakati pa Italiya.
Pike amamvanso bwino m'madzi am'nyanja zopanda madzi. Mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Baltic ya ku Finnish, Curonia, ndi Riga, ku Taganrog Gulf ya Nyanja ya Azov.
Gawo la dziko lathu, pike wamba amakhala kumadzi pafupifupi. Amakhala m'mitsinje yayikulu ndi yaying'ono, malo osungira, maiwe, nyanja. Izi zodya zilombo zamtunduwu ndizosasamala posankha malo okhalamo, pano titha kufananizidwa ndi carp wamba.
M'nyanja, achinyamata amapezeka pansi m'mphepete mwa udzu pansi pa maboti, mabwato akumizidwa. Kukula mpaka ma kilogalamu atatu - anayi, amasunthira pansi m'madzi, ndikupeza chitetezo m'mazenje ndi ma whirlpools. M'mitsinje, achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Anthu ambiri amalakwitsa kuganiza kuti pike amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri, sizili choncho. Nthawi zambiri, ma pikitala amakhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 18 mpaka 20, pali zoyerekeza zomwe zatsala 30, koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pakakhala kuperewera kwa oxygen m'madzi, kupha kwa pike kumachitika, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika nthawi yozizira m'matumba ang'onoang'ono otchingidwa ndi madzi.
Kodi pike amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Pike m'madzi
Maola abwinobwino kudya pike amadya m'mamawa ndi madzulo, masana nyama yomwe imadya ikudya, ikupumula pamalo obisika. Zhor mu pike zimachitika katatu pachaka, ndiye amadya nthawi yonseyo. Ziphuphu zoyambirira zimachitika isanatulutse (nthawi zambiri m'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo), chachiwiri chimabweranso kutuluka (mu Meyi-Juni), ndipo chachitatu chimachitika mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, nthawi zina mu Okutobala.
Pamasamba a nyama yolusa kwambiri yokhala ndi chidwi, nsomba zambiri zosiyanasiyana, zimadya:
Musadabwe kuti nsomba yolusa imeneyi imadyera abale ake mosangalala. Cannibalism imakula m'malo a ma pike, pomwe munthu wamkulu amakula pike yaying'ono mosangalatsa, chifukwa chake nsomba izi zimangokhala zokha ndikumakhala mosiyana. Mu kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pike amathanso kusangalala ndi achule ndi nsomba zazinkhanira zomwe zayamba kusungunuka.
Pali nthawi zina pomwe pike imagwira ndikakoka pansi pamadzi tating'ono, makoswe, agologolo, mbewa, oyenda, osambira mtsinje.
Makulidwe akuluakulu a pike amatha kuukira abakha, nthawi zambiri zimachitika mbalame zikagunda ndipo sizingatheke kulowa mlengalenga. Komanso, zilombo zazikulu zimagwira bwino nsomba, zomwe kukula kwake ndi hafu ya osaka kwambiri kapena ochulukirapo. Asayansi omwe akuphunzira za pike amadya kuti awona kuti menyu a pike apakatikati amapezeka makamaka ndi nsomba, zomwe zilibe phindu ndipo ndizambiri, kotero pike ndiyofunikira kwambiri m'mafamu ambiri a nsomba, chifukwa imalepheretsa kusungira mayiwe.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Monga tanena kale, ma pikes amakonda kukhala okha, zomwe sizodabwitsa, chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala pachiwopsezo cha abale awo. Ndi nthawi zina zochepa chabe zomwe zimatha kusaka, ndikupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono. Madzi aliwonse, pike imayang'ana ndowe za madzi, pomwe imazizira, kudikirira wina. Kuwona chakumwa chake, Pike amapanga chiwopsezo chofulumira ndi jerk imodzi yakuthwa.
Nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zimapeza gawo lawolawo, kuyambira 20 mpaka 30 lalikulu masikweya, ndipo anthu akuluakulu ali ndi ziwembu zomwe zimafika mpaka 70 square metres. Zilonda zingapo zokhala ndi toothy zimatha kukhala pamalo amodzi nthawi imodzi. Amasaka nawonso, pamene wogulitsayo akuchita chimbudzi, winayo akudikirira nyama. Kuukira bwino kwa ma pikes kumathandizidwa osati kokha ndi mawonekedwe akuthwa, komanso ndi chingwe cham'mbali chomwe chimathandizira kuyang'ana kwa malo (seismic sensory mwelekeo.
Pike nthawi zonse imameza nyama yake, kuyambira kumutu, ngakhale itagwidwa ndi thupi lonse.
Nyengo ikakhala yotentha komanso yadzuwa, ngakhale ma pikuloni akulu kwambiri amawonekera m'madzi osaya kuti asambe dzuwa, kotero nthawi zina mutha kuwona magulu onse a nsomba yayikulu yotentha yotereyi. Kukhazikika kwa mpweya wa madzi kwa pike ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa nsomba imakonda kwambiri chizindikiro ichi ndipo imatha kufa ngati ikusowa, monga zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'malo osungirako nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi zambiri, nyama zomwe zimakonda kwambiri nyama zimakonda kuzizira. Kukhazikitsidwa kuti nsomba zomwe zimakhala kumpoto zakum'mera zimakula nthawi yayitali ndipo zimakhala motalika kuposa momwe pike amakhala kumadzi akumwera, kotero chilengedwe chinakonzedwa.
Khalidwe la Pike
Kusankha kwanyumba kumakhala kotsimikizika chifukwa chokhala pansi pa moyo wa mdani. Minda yayikulu yazomera zam'madzi - malo abwino kudikirira nyama zawo. Nthawi zambiri, pike amangoyima chilili, koma atazindikira yemwe akukhudzidwayo, imathandizira ndikuwomba ndi liwiro la mphezi. Ndizofunikira, koma kumbali iliyonse yomwe pike imagwira nyama yake, nthawi zonse imameza pamutu pake, ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati pakufunika.
Ngakhale akuluakulu akuluakulu oti azikhalamo amasankha madzi osaya. Mu mbiri, pali zochitika pomwe pakuzama kwa masentimita 40-50 kokha kunali kotheka kuwerengetsa zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri. Chofunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali wa pikes ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'madzi, chifukwa chake m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono, makamaka nyengo yozizira, pikes amafa.
Pike nthawi zonse amayembekeza nyama yake komwe amakhala. Ngakhale anthu akuluakulu okhala m'madzi ozama amapeza algae kapena mabatani omwe amabisalira. Pakakhala dzuwa, nsomba zimapita kumadzi osaya kuti ziziwala padzuwa.
Pike imalimbana ndi anthu ena, amasaka nawonso: pomwe wina akudya chakudya, enawo amabisalira. Akuluakulu amakonda kusungulumwa, pang'onopang'ono kupulumuka kuchokera ku gawo lazosungirako lazinthu zazing'ono. Pike yayikulu ilibe mdani, kupatula anthu, chifukwa chake, m'madzi abwino, imamveka ngati mfumukazi.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Akazi okalamba ogonana amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zaka zinayi za moyo, ndipo amuna achisanu. Kutentha koyambira koyambira kumayambira kuyambira 3 mpaka 6 madigiri ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera. Kutumphuka kumachitika nthawi yomweyo madzi oundana akasungunuka, osati kutali ndi gombe, komwe kuya kwa madzi sikupitirira mita imodzi. Pakadali pano, pike imatha kuwoneka m'madzi osaya, komwe kumveka zipolowe zachiwawa. Nthawi zambiri, zisonyezo zing'onozing'ono zimayamba kumera choyamba, kenako nsomba zolemera nawonso amaphatikizanso.
Ngakhale kuti pike ndi yocheperako mwachilengedwe, nthawi yakukhwima nsomba izi zimapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala ndi amuna angapo (kuyambira zidutswa zitatu mpaka zisanu) ndi wamkazi m'modzi. Yaikazi, monga mtsogoleri, amasambira kutsogolo, ndipo amuna amamutsatira, akumamatira kumbali yake kapena kukhala pamwamba pake kumbuyo. Piksipu zowaza zimatha kupindika kuchokera ku mitengo yoyambira, mizu, mabango ndi mapesi amtengo, motero zimamera. Kutulutsa kukafika kumapeto, kuphulika kwamphamvu sikwachilendo, ndipo ma pikitala ena amalumpha kwambiri.
Fryoyi imayamba mpaka sabata imodzi mpaka ziwiri, ndipo mndandanda wa ng'ombeyo umaphatikizanso akakhola, kenako kanthawi inanso.
Pike imodzi imatha kuyikira mazira 17 mpaka 215,000 okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 3 mm. Chiwerengero chawo chimatengera kutalika kwa chikazi. Choyamba iwo amamatira kuzomera zam'madzi. Pakatha masiku angapo, mazira amasiya kukhala omata ndikuzama pansi, kusiya kulimidwa, komwe amakula. Ngati kutulutsa kumera, madzi amayamba kuphwa mwachangu, ndiye mazira ambiri amafa.
Zimachitika kuti mazira amamatirira ku mbalame zomwe zimadya, motero zimasinthidwa kumadzi ena, pomwe kale sipankapezeka pike.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti m'malo osungirako omwe amakhala ovuta ndi chakudya, pry mwachangu, mpaka kukula kwake ndi theka la sentimita, ayambe kudya wina ndi mnzake ali aang'ono kwambiri.
Pike Life Kuzungulira
Pali nthano kuti pike imakhala mpaka zaka 300 ndipo imatha kutalika mita 6 pakadali pano, koma ichthyologists adatsimikizira kuyambira kalekale kuti msambo wa nsomba nthawi zambiri sufika zaka 35, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 2 metres. Pachaka choyamba, padziwe kuti lili ndi chakudya chochuluka, ana agalu amatha kukula mpaka 30 cm ndikulemera masentimita 400-500.
Adani achilengedwe a pike
Chithunzi: Pike Animal
Ngakhale pike imakhala yosusuka kwambiri, yamatenda komanso magazi, ili ndi adani omwe safuna kudya nawo. Mbawala za ntchentche komanso ma dazi, zomwe zimakonda kudya nsomba zamitundu mitundu, kuphatikiza ndi tock pike, zimatha kutchulidwa kuti ndizosokoneza ma pike. M'mitsinje ya Siberia, pike imachita mpikisano ndi taimen, yomwe imagwirizana ndi nyama yolusa yofanana ndi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake, m'malo amenewo ma pike samakonda kukula kwambiri.
Pike yemwe amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa amayembekezeranso munthu wina wopanda nzeru - nsomba yayikulu yayikulu. Ngati nsomba zazikulu zili kale ndi adani, ndiye kuti mwachangu komanso kukula kwachinyamata kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti akhale ndi moyo, nthawi zambiri amakhala wogwidwa ndi ma perche ndi rattans, zander wamkulu. Musaiwale kuti pike imadyanso anzawo, osalabadira ubale wamabanja.
M'madzi ena akumpoto, ziphuphu zimakonda kusewera; pamenepo, ma pikit amadya okha. Chingwe cha chakudya m'malo amenewo chimawoneka motere: mwachangu amadya akudya ang'onoang'ono, mwachangu amadyedwa ndi achibale wamba, ndipo omaliza amakhala chakudya chamagulu achibale olemera.
Munthu amathanso kudziwidwa kuti ndi adani a mdzuyu, chifukwa ndiulemerero kwa asodzi ambiri omwe amachisaka. M'madera ena, kubedwa kwa ma pike sikuyendetsedwa m'njira iliyonse ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha nyumba zozizira, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'madziwe ang'onoang'ono.
Chakudya cha Pike
Pike ndi wadyera, amadya nyama mwapadera. Sangatengeke kuchokera ku mazira, imakhalabe m'malo mwa masabata pafupifupi awiri mpaka chikhodzodzo chikhazikika. Akumva njala, amayamba kuyenda mokhazikika posungira, amasankha malo opanda madzi komanso kudya ma invertebrates, komanso tizilombo tambiri ndi nyongolotsi. Pofika mu Juni, ma pike-eels amayamba kudya nsomba zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakonda kudya komanso zimasaka, pofika nthawi yophukira chakudya chimayimiriridwa ndi nsomba zokha. Pikeflies amakula ndikukula msanga, mchaka matupi awo amafika masentimita 15, amakula mpaka 200 g, pazaka zochepa 42-45 cm ndi 700 g.
Nsomba zimayambira pakudya kwa pike, koma pofuna zina zabwino, sizosiyana ndi kudya mbalame zazing'ono zam' mitsinje, achule, ngakhale makoswe.
Nthawi zambiri, chakudya chimatengedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo, pomwe tsiku limapatsidwa kuti apumule ndikugaya chakudya. Panthawi ya zhor, anthu amadya pafupifupi nthawi yonseyo, akusaka mothandizidwa ndi masheya am'maso komanso fungo lapadera.
Zipu zoyambirira zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthawi yodziwikiratu, nthawi zambiri imakhala kumapeto kwa February kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi. Koma yachiwiri - ndi nthawi yowerengeka yowonekera ikugwa mu Meyi-koyambirira kwa June. Ndipo, pomaliza, nthawi yachitatu ya zhora, yomwe imagwera mu kugwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Pike pansi pamadzi
Pakadali pano, ma pike, monga mtundu wa nsomba, samayambitsa mantha aliwonse pazambiri zake. Kuchulukitsa kwa nyama yolusa imeneyi ndikwakukulu, pafupifupi madzi aliwonse ndi gawo lofunikira kusodzi. Ku Russia, ma pike amagawidwa pafupifupi kulikonse. Ku Urals, ndiye woimira ambiri wazinyama zam'madzi.
Asayansi azindikira kuti tsopano pike lalikulu layamba kuchepa. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti mkati mwazaka zapitazi panali nsomba zazikuluzikulu zazikulu zazikulu, zomwe zidapangitsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka anthu anyani. Pike yaying'ono amayesera kutuluka ali aang'ono kwambiri, motero kuchuluka kwa nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zimachuluka mofulumira, ndipo zazikulu zimayamba kutha.
Pike ndiyofunikira kwambiri pamalonda; imadziwidwa mwangozi m'madziwe ambiri, komwe imakhala momasuka. Nyama ya nsombayi imawonedwa ngati yazakudya komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Onse asodzi ndi masewera asodzi sangafanane ndi moyo wawo popanda nyama, yomwe ndi nsomba yabwino kwambiri kwa asodzi aliyense. Ndibwino kuti nsomba ili ponseponse ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwakanthawi imeneyi sikumabweretsa nkhawa. Chachikulu ndikupitilizabe motere.
Mapeto ake, ndikuyenera kuwonjezera pamenepo Pike Ndizothandiza osati kwa munthu yemwe amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati zofunikira monga masewera kapena masewera, komanso malo osungirako komwe mdaniyu amakhala, ndizosakayikitsa kuti kudya nyama zazing'ono komanso zingapo, poteteza madzi kuti asasungidwe.
Biology ya Predator
Pike wamba (Esox lucius) ali ndi thupi lalitali longa chipika, lokakamizidwa pang'ono pambuyo pake. Mutu wa nyama umawoneka kuti ndi watalika chifukwa cha nsagwada zake zazitali. Nsagwada yapamwamba imasunthidwa ndipo imatsikira pakona mpaka nsagwada yam'munsi yoyenda kutsogolo.
Kuseri kwa thupilo kumanjenjemera kwambiri kuyambira pansi ndi kuchokera kumtunda pafupi theka, ndikusandulika mchira wowoneka ngati v.
Pathupi pali pintoral awiri ophatikizidwa, pamimba ndi kumanzere kummodzi ndi kumatako pafupifupi imodzi pafupi ndi mchira. Zikopa zonse ndizazunguliridwa, kuphatikiza mchira.
Maso a nyama zolusa ndi akulu ndipo ali pamalo apamwamba, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwongolere ndege yayikulu mukuyang'ana nyama ndi zoopsa, osatembenuza mutu wanu.
Mtundu wa pike wamba umatengera malo ndi zaka; zitha kukhala imvi ndi utoto wobiriwira, wachikaso kapena zofiirira. Ku kumbuyo kwa mdaniyo ndi imvi zakuda, nthawi zina pafupifupi zakuda. Malo owala amabalalika thupi lonse la achichepere, omwe poyamba amawoneka ngati mawanga, ndi zaka zomwe mawanga amakhala ochepa ndikufalikira thupi lonse kupatula kumbuyo.
Zipsepse ndi mchira wake ndi zofiira pamtundu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kapena mawanga.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, pakamwa pa nsomba pamakhala mano akulu, nsagwada yapamwamba ndi yaying'ono, yopaka burashi, yolowera mkati, m'munsi imakhala ndi mafangayi akuluakulu.
Mano akumwambawo, akamameza, amakanikizidwa ndi thambo, kukakankhira nyamayo. Zotsikitsitsa zimagwira kugwirira ozunzidwa.
Mano a nsomba amasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimakhudza kukonda kwa omwe akhudzidwa. Mpaka pomwe atsopanowo atalimba, ngakhale wamkulu kwambiri amasankha zofunkha zazing'ono.
Chiwonetsero
- Maukonde
- Dragnet
- Vent
- Jail
- Msampha
- Mtengo wasodzi wamagetsi
- Mphamvu
Pike yosangalatsa ikachitika m'njira zingapo.
- Zerlitsy
- Ndodo zothina
- Tsata
- Kukula mawu
Njira zosodziletsa
Waya wopyapyala wofiirira wokhala ndi chiuno umamangiriridwa kumtengoko, womwe umavalidwa pa nsomba yoyima nthawi yakuwedza. Ndodo yonyamula ikunjenjemera kwambiri, chiuno chokhazikika. Ngati palibe waya pafupi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito muzu wa msondodzi monga tawonera muvidiyo.
Pike wamba amatchuka kwambiri pakati pa asodzi kotero kuti ngakhale masewera monga Fani Njira, usodzi wa pike, usodzi waku Russia adapangidwa, pomwe aliyense angasangalale ndi usodzi popanda kuchoka kunyumba.
Kuphika Pike
Ngakhale nyama ya pike siimatha mafuta pafupifupi 2-3% komanso siimakoma kwambiri, komabe ndiyothandiza kwambiri pakudya ndipo, ikaphikidwa bwino, makamaka ikakhala yatsopano, imapeza kukoma kosangalatsa.
Nthawi zosiyanasiyana, pike ankachitiridwa mosiyanasiyana. Aroma akale sanadye, a Don Cossacks nthawi zambiri amawona ngati udzu chifukwa umadya achule, koma ku France uku ndikofunika pakati pa azimayi achi French, makamaka oyang'anira.
Pike imawonedwa kuti ndi yamalonda osati kugwidwa kokha, komanso imakula m'minda yama nsomba.
Lowetsani m'madziwe asodzi
Mosakayikira, kubereka ma pike ndi kulera kwa mitundu ya nsomba ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa kuvulaza. Pakukhazikitsa ana ang'ono mu padziwe, thupi lamadzi limamasulidwa ku nsomba zamasamba ndi zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimadya chakudya cha anthu onenepa. Kuphatikiza apo, podzafika kumapeto kwa nyengo, ana anyani osiyidwa a pike amakula, kulemera ndikuyamba kugulitsa.
Njira zogwirira ma pike
Ma angler amakono ali ndi luso m'njira zambiri pike pike, koma tiziwona zabwino kwambiri:
- Spinning - kugwirira Pike pa kupota nthawi yopambana kwambiri ndikoyambira kwa nthawi yophukira - zhor yogwira. Malo otsetsereka, maluwala, malo a nkhwangwa zamtchire - malo abwino kwambiri kuwedza pamenepa. Ndodo zamakono ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, zoperekedwa m'masitolo apadera, zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza zotsatira zabwino.
- Kupindika kwa Jig - Posachedwa, kusodza kwa pike kwa nyambo ya jig kwatchuka kwambiri. Ndipo zonse chifukwa zimakupatsani mwayi wophimba thupi lamadzi ndikusiyana kwakuya. Wiring wolowera amakupatsani mwayi kuti mufufuze mita iliyonse ya malo osungira. Mwa njira, mukasodza, onetsetsani kuti muwonjezera gawo la kugwera kwa nyambo, chifukwa pike imakopeka kwambiri ndi kuwedza kwa nsomba.
- Ma wobblers kuti ayike - mwina zokopa zabwino kwambiri masiku ano ndizobisalira, zabwino pamadziwe okhala ndi pansi. Poterepa, nyambo iyenera kuchitika mwachidule pang'onopang'ono ndikusuntha kwa chingwe kusodzi. Ndipokhapo mudzatha kudikirira kuluma.
- Pa nyambo yamoyo - ena okonda kutota amakonda njira yausodzi, kutanthauza nyambo yeniyeni. Zingwe ndi makosi ndiziwothandiza kwambiri pamenepa. Zozungulira zimakhazikitsidwa kuchokera m'bwatomo, ndipo ma renti amamangidwa pa tchire lambiri, nthawi zambiri mitengo. Chingwecho chimasanjikizidwa panthawi yomwe Pike agwira nyambo yamoyo. Chizindikiro chapadera chausodzi ndicho kutembenuza bwalo. Zherlitsy, m'malo mwake, iyenera kuwunikidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, yomwe siyabwino kwenikweni.
- Kuyenda pansi - pofunafuna pike ya trophy mu dziwe lalikulu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito bwato lamagalimoto. Ndodo zingapo zopota zimaponyedwa nthawi yomweyo m'madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zitheke. Kuphatikiza pa ndodo za usodzi ndikuwongolera, musaiwale kugula phokoso lomwe likuwongolera bwatolo pamalo abwino kwambiri.
Pike Bait
Kusodza ma Pike ndichinthu chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa. Koma m'malo ambiri zotsatira zausodzi zimadalira momwe mungasankhire moyenera nyambo ya pike. Usodzi wofalikira unayambira kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka zana lomaliza, munthawi yomwe zidatha kusintha zinthu zambiri, udatha kuchita bwino.
Kuchokera pa nyambo pamsika, maso amadzuka:
- Ma spoon-baits ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yazovala zodalirika komanso zotsika mtengo, koma sizosavuta kusankha njira yabwino, makamaka kwaoyambira. Ndi chifukwa chaichi kuti kuli bwino kupeza gulu lonse la akatswiri osintha, kuti kudzera pazinthu zofunikira kuti muwone opambana. Njira zazikulu zosankhira nyengo ndi nyengo ya kuunikira: mu nyengo yadzuwa ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma bales oyera, osawoneka bwino momwe nyambo imakhala ndi mthunzi wachikaso wambiri ndiwothandiza kwambiri, nyengo yake yokhala ndi chophimba cha mtambo ndi bwino kuphatikiza zosankha zonsezi.
- Wobblers - njira yamakono yosinthira ma spinner, yomwe yatchuka m'zaka zingapo zapitazi. Kupambana koteroko kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi assortment yayikulu komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamsika. Kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri, muyenera kuyamba kuchokera ku zakudya zamasiku onse nsomba.
- Jig nyambo - nthawi zambiri, yoyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamipikisano, yomwe ambiri omwe amakwiya amawakonda. Koma posankha nyambo ya asodzi a pike, muyenera kusankha zomwe zingatsike pang'onopang'ono pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, nyambo ya jig iyenera kukhala yayikulupo komanso yowala kuti mdaniyo ayang'ane.
Zakudya za Pike
Pike ndi nyama yolusa, yomwe imapatsa nyama yake kukoma. Mkulu wambiri wa gluten umapatsa mbale za pike kusinthasintha kwapadera. Koma pali drawback imodzi - kukoma kwake, komwe si aliyense amene angakhale nako. Kukoma, mwa njira, zimatengera komwe munthu amakhala komanso zakudya. Komabe, mutha kuchotsa, kukhala ndi zinsinsi zina zophikira.
Pazakudya zachikhalidwe, pike ali ndi malo apadera, popeza ndi luso lodziwika mosiyanasiyana. Pike imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nsomba msuzi, aspic, yokutidwa ndi bowa, yokazinga ndi yophika, ndipo nkhumba imapanga cutlets zabwino komanso zrazy. Pike amakonda kwambiri zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira, amapita bwino ndi basil, adyo, rosemary ndi mpiru, uchi, bay tsamba komanso anyezi wobiriwira. Mtundu wa mbale yotsirizidwa zimatengera zonunkhira komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zingawonjezedwe. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a maolivi kuphika pike, nthawi yayitali, kirimu.