Alendo a Moskvarium ku VDNKh adzaona turtle yosoŵa ya panyanja yosowa yomwe idalembedwa mu International Red Book.
Wamunayo adasinthidwa kukhala m'modzi mwa malo ogulitsa zikuluzikulu. Alendo adatcha dzina lake Barberry.
"Ndizachidziwikire kuti linali tsiku la World Turtle Day mu nyanja zazikulu zam'madzi momwe munapezeka munthu watsopano wokhala pamtundu wankhanza wam'madzi am'madzi," akutero uchthyologist waku aquarium, Irina Mainzer. "Ku Moskvarium, Barberry adapeza nyumba yatsopano - malo amchere wamchere, momwe imatha kumera ndi kukhala m'malo abwino kwambiri."
Kambukuyu adafowoka, ichthyologists adamuthandiza kuti achepetse thupi ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chake asanamutulutsire ku aquarium wamba. Barberry amadya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 3.5 a zakudya pa sabata. Chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi squid, komanso shrimp ndi nsomba. Tsopano kulemera kwa turtle kwachulukira kuchoka pa ma kilogalamu awiri ndi theka kupita ku ma kilogalamu asanu ndi limodzi, kutalika kwa chigobacho ndi masentimita 40.
Wamphongo adzakondwerera tsiku lobadwa ake achisanu m'madzi am'madzi ambiri okhala ndi malo opitilira ma mraba lalikulu. Palinso anthu opitilira 400: mchenga, mbidzi, abambo akuda ndi nthenga, amphaka ndi mbola za gitala, komanso nsomba zambiri, kuphatikiza chimphona chamagulucho komanso chimpira.
Alendo opita ku Moskvarium amatha kusilira ziphaso za bisse, komanso kuwonera kudya kwawo nthawi ya 14:00 Lolemba, Lachitatu komanso Lachisanu. Panthawi yozolowera, yamphongo idayamba kuzolowera anthu - mosangalala amasinthira kwa ichthyologists komanso osiyanasiyana, komanso amakonda pamene chipolopolo chake chimaswa.
Bissa ndi wa akamba am'nyanja, oimira okha amtundu wa Eretmochelys. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi carapace chooneka ngati mtima ndi mawonekedwe owala. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika 90 cm, ndi kulemera - 60 kilogalamu. Mwachilengedwe, malo okhala akamba amtunda kuchokera kumtunda wotentha wa North Hemisphere (dera la Nova Scotia, Great Britain, Nyanja Zamchere ndi Japan) kufikira malo otentha a Kumwera (Kummwera kwa Africa, Tasmania, New Zealand). M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa akamba padziko lonse lapansi kwatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yakukula, kuba zachilengedwe komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.
11.06.2017
Kamba wamiseche, kapena chonyamula yeniyeni (lat.Eretmochelys imbricata) imakhala ndi mulomo wawukulu wokuzungulira mozondoka, ndikupangitsa kuti izioneka ngati mbalame yolusa. Imakonda kudya masiponji am'nyanja ndipo ndiyomwe imayimira mtundu wa Eretmochelys.
Kusintha kwake sikudziwikabe bwino. Ngati zilombo zam'mbuyomu zidatengedwa kuti ndi makolo ake, tsopano malingaliro ake ndi omwe adachokera kwa anthu omwe amadya nyama komanso ubale womwe ungakhale nawo ndi mutu wamtundu wankhwawa.
Ubwenzi ndi anthu
Bissa amatanthauza nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. M'mayiko ambiri kugwira kwawo sikuloledwa, koma kulikonse kuli kofunika kwa osaka. Ku Southeast Asia, nyama ya kamba imawoneka kuti ndi yopatsa chidwi komanso yopanda matenda ambiri, ndipo chipolopolo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zikumbutso.
Agiriki akale ndi Aroma amapanga zisa, mphete ndi zokongoletsera kuchokera pamenepo. Chiyambire zaka za zana la 5, aku China adaganizira zonyamula zenizeni ndikungokhalira zomwe amakonda malinga ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo. Izi zisanachitike, kudya sizinali zofala, popeza zimakhala ndi chizolowezi chodya siponji zapoizoni, zomwe gourmets imawopseza poyizoni waziphuphu komanso ngakhale kufa.
Anthu okhala mu Ufumu wa Kumwamba apanga njira zophikira nyama zomwe zimalepheretsa kapena kuchepetsa zotsatira za poizoni, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuzichotsa. Ku India, anthu ambiri amafa chaka chilichonse atalawa mankhwala owopsa.
Ku Japan, chipolopolo cha biss chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafelemu amaso. Zinthu zoterezi sizinatheretu kwazaka zambiri, choncho pafupifupi matani 30 a zinthu zopangira tirigu zimapangidwa chaka chilichonse.
Kupanga timatumba tambiri kuchokera ku carapace ndi plastikiron kumakhazikitsidwa ku Dominican Republic ndi Colombia, komwe ndikofunikira pakukonzanso ndalama zaboma.
Mawonekedwe
Bissa imawoneka ngati kamba wobiriwira, koma yaying'ono, kutalika kwa thupi 60-90 cm, ndi kulemera makilogalamu 45-55. Ndi kamba wobiriwira, bissus nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa kukhala gulu limodzi. Carapace imakutidwa ndi zikopa zazingwe zaukali, zomwe mwa achichepere amazikongolera pa wina ndi mzake, koma ndi m'badwo izi zikupangika pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono zimatha. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtima, kumbuyo kwake ndi kokhazikika ndipo kamayimitsidwa. Imakhala ndi mlomo wamphamvu kwambiri. Mtundu wa kabotilo ndi wofiirira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe achikaso. Pa nsonga zakutsogolo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zolakwika ziwiri.
Kuswana
Nthawi yakuswana, zazikazi zimasamukira kumadera akutali kuti zikafike pagombe lodzala. Malo otchuka kwambiri oswana amakhala ku Sri Lanka ndi Nyanja ya Carribe m'mphepete mwa Chiriki Gulf ku Isthmus of Panama, pagombe la Mediterranean ku Turkey kumadzulo kwa Antalya.
Kukula kwa mabowo kumasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa akazi. Nyengo, mkazi m'modzi amapanga masentimita awiriawiri okhala ndi mazira 73 mpaka 182 ozungulira ndi 40 mm. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala pafupifupi masiku 60. Akazi nthawi zambiri amafika pazaka zocheperako zaka zitatu.
Bissa ndi mamuna
Nyama ya Karett imadyedwa, ngakhale izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwopsezo - zimatha kukhala poizoni ngati kamba akudya nyama zapoizoni. Mazira ndi chakudya chamayiko ambiri. Komanso, akamba amachotsedwa chifukwa cha chipolopolo - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze "fupa la ufulu". Zikumbutso zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa achichepere. Pazifukwa izi, ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri, mitunduyi ili pachiwopsezo.
Kutetezedwa ndi lamulo, koma nthawi zambiri sikugwira ntchito. Kutetezedwa kwamtunduwu kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha kugawanika kwa malo okhala nesting, kusowa kwa deta pakuyenda kwa anthu komanso chidwi chachikulu cha akamba am'kati kuti aswe malo a nesting.
Kuthekera kwa kuletsa kwathunthu kugulitsa zipolopolo ndi akamba am'madzi odzodzedwa, komanso kuyang'anira kusonkhanitsa mazira, kukuwganiziridwa.
Moyo
Monga akamba ena am'nyanja, bissa ndimasambira abwino kwambiri ndipo amayendayenda pofunafuna chakudya chamtunda wamakilomita mazana angapo. Mikanda imakhala moyo wawo wonse mnyanja ndikupita kumtunda kokha kukaikira mazira mumchenga wotentha. Komanso, zazikazi panthawiyi zimasambira pamtunda wamakilomita ambiri kupita kumalo omwe anthu ambiri akambuku amapanga zisa. Akazi amayikira mazira kamodzi pachaka chimodzi chilichonse. Panyengo, amatha kupanga magulu awiri kapena anayi pomwe mazira 73 mpaka 182 amapezeka.
Kambukuyu ndiwopatsa mphamvu ndipo amadya nsomba, nkhono, crustaceans, siponji zamatalala ndi algae. Kalanga, Bysagas imasakidwa kwambiri (mitundu yonse ya zikumbutso zimapangidwa kuchokera ku carapace yake, ndipo nyamayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya), ndipo tsopano mitundu yamitunduyi yambiri ikuwopsezedwa kuti idzatha.
Adalemba Buku Lofiyira
Bissa ndiye oimira mtundu womwewo womwe umasungidwa kuthengo. Pamibadwo itatu yapitayi, chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chatsika ndi 80%. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yakukula, kubereka ochepa, kubereka, kupangira mazira, komanso kuipitsa chilengedwe ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zidapangitsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama. Nyama yang'ombe ndizakudya zabwino, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo china. Choyamba, pansi pa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse mu Zomwe Zikutha Zinyama Zanyama za ku Fauna ndi Flora, izi ndizosaloledwa. Kachiwiri, ngati mkanda wadyedwa ndi cnidaria wambiri, nyama imatha kudzaza ndi zoopsa zomwe zingaphe. Akamba am'nyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta mwangozi asodzi a malonda kudzera maukonde. Mu 1982, mitunduyi idaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of the World, kwazaka zoposa 10 idapatsidwa gulu la chitetezo EN. Ndipo mchaka cha 1996 chokha, Byss adasamutsidwira ku gulu la CR. Zaka zingapo zapitazi, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zachitetezo zayamba kugwira ntchito.
Akamba am'nyanja samakumbukira nyama kokha, komanso zipolopolo, zomwe amapanga "fupa lamtambo" wotchuka. Zodzikongoletsera zochokera ku chipolopolo cha carapace zimadziwika ku Egypt. Zisa za azimayi, ndalama za ndudu, zifaniziro zopangidwa ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatalizi zikufunika padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale pali zoletsa zambiri, akamba amawonongeka.
Nyama ya ng'ombe imadyedwa. Koma samalani! Itha kukhala poyizoni.
Kufalitsa
Mtunduwu ndi wofala m'madzi otentha komanso am'madzi a nyanja za Pacific ndi Atlantic. Pali mitundu iwiri - E.i. imbricata ndi E.i. bissa. Yoyamba imapezeka makamaka ku Atlantic, ndipo yachiwiri kudera la Indo-Pacific.
Anthu okhala ku Atlantic amakhala kudera lalikulu kuyambira Gulf of Mexico mpaka kumwera kwa Africa. Malire ake kumpoto amachokera ku Long Island Strait kuchokera pagombe la US ku Connecticut kupita ku English Channel kufupi ndi France, ndi kumwera pafupi ndi Cape of Good Hope (South Africa).
Nyama zikuluzikulu ndizokhazikika kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Florida, Cuba, Brazil ndi Islands Islands.
Ku Indian Ocean, ufulu wa bisse umapezeka makamaka pafupi ndi gombe lakummawa kwa Africa, chilumba cha Madagascar ndi zilumba zoyandikana nawo, ku Persian Gulf, Nyanja Yofiyira ndikuzungulira gawo laling'ono la India.
Ku Pacific, malo okhala amakhala m'madzi ofunda a Korea Peninsula, Japan, Australia ndi New Zealand, Mexico ndi zigawo kumpoto kwa Chile.
Khalidwe
Akamba amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi miyala yamiyala yam'madzi kapena amayenda mozungulira mozungulira m'mitsinje yoyandikana nayo, nthawi zina amayenda maulendo ataliitali, akuyendera zigwa ndi mitengo yamatanthwe m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Yoyambitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi. Amakonda kupumula m'madzi osaya kapena m'mapanga a pansi pa madzi.
Amakhala moyo pawekha ndipo amagwira ntchito masana masana. Gona usiku m'misasa yakanthawi.
Zotsogola zazikuluzikulu ndizofanana ndi zipupa ndipo zimathandizira kuyenda mwachangu malo am'madzi, pomwe miyendo yayifupi yakumbuyo imagwira ntchito ngati chingwe. Pangozi, chiweto sichibisa, koma chimangokoka mutu wake, ndikukhomera khosi ngati chilembo cha Chilatini S mu ndege yoyima.
Mosiyana ndi zazikazi, zazimuna sizimachoka kunyanja yakuya ndipo sizimafikira patali.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Maziko azakudya ndi masiponji (Porifera) ndi matumbo (Coelenterata). Pocheperapo pang'ono, nsomba zamtchire, nyemba zam'madzi, cnidaria, ctenophores, mollusks, algae ndi nsomba zazing'ono zamafupa zimadyedwa.
Chimodzi mwazomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi chakupha cha m'mimba, chotchedwa bwato la Chipwitikizi (Physalia physalis). Kudya, bisza imatseka maso ake osati pazosangalatsa zokha, komanso kuwateteza kuti asatenge poizoni. Ziwalo zina za thupi lake zilibe vuto.
Kuphatikiza pa siponji zapoizoni, mitundu yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa silicon diamondi imadyedwanso. Mwachitsanzo, awa ndi a genera Ancorina, Geodua, Ecionemia, ndi Placospongia.
Makhalidwe akunja
Kutalika kwakukulu ndi kulemera kwa akuluakulu ndi 1 m ndi 80 kg. Nyama yolemera kwambiri yolemera makilogalamu 127. Mtundu wa carapace umadalira kuwunikira ndipo umasiyanasiyana mtundu wobiriwira mpaka bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga akuda.
Imapangidwa ndi milu yayikulu 13 ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtima chifukwa cham'mbuyo chopapatiza. Mapatani okhala ndi mawanga ofiira komanso achikaso pamtundu wakuda amawonekera kuchokera pamwamba. Maso ndi akulu, amakula. Pulasitiki ndi wachikasu.
Pa kutsogolo, nsapato ziwiri. Nsagwada yapamwamba yokhala ndi dzino lobooka pakati.
Chiyembekezo cha moyo wa akamba am'madzi chimakhala cha zaka 30-50.