Osprey amadya nsomba wamba. Madzi padziwe pokha ali matope okha pomwe amatha kugwira achule ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina amathamangitsa abakha ndi ma jackdaw. Pakusaka, osprey woyamba kutuluka m'mwamba pamtunda wokwera, kenako amawira mpaka 20-30 mamita ndikuyamba kuthamanga pamadzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, imangoimirira ndikulendewera mumlengalenga, ndikukutumula mapiko ake kuti isanthe nsomba zomwe zikuwona. Kenako, atatambuzira miyendo yake kutsogolo, osprey mwachangu amagwera m'madzi pamakona mpaka pansi ndikusowa pansi pa mafunde.
Komabe, mbalameyo posakhalitsa ikuwonekera pamtunda ndikuyamba kuyenda ndi nyama, ndikupita nayo kumalo obisika. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba za osprey zimagwira nsomba zolemera 200-400 magalamu.
OCOPA NDI MUNA
Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu amaganiza kuti osprey ndi mbalame yoyipa yomwe imaseseratu nsomba. Chifukwa cha izi, adazunzidwa kwambiri. M'mayiko ena, ospreys amasakidwa mpaka pano. Mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1900, chiwerengero cha ospreys ku Europe ndi North America chinatsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepetsera kwawo ndi zotsatira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo (mwachitsanzo DDT). Izi ziphe zomwe zimadziunjikira mu thupi la nsomba, zomwe zimadyetsedwa ndi osprey.
Pamene osprey adadya nyama yapoizoni, zinthu zoyipazi, motero, zidalowa m'thupi mwake. Zotsatira zake, zazikazizo zinayamba kuyikira mazira ndi chipolopolo choonda kwambiri.
LIFESTYLE
Osprey ndiye yekha woimira banja la Skopin. Mbalameyi ndi yokongola kwambiri. Zochititsa chidwi ndi osprey ndi thupi laling'ono, lokhazikika, lalifupi, lokoloweka, lopindika, miyendo yolimba, gawo lopanda mbali lomwe limakutidwa ndi mamba wakuda, koma mesh yabwino. Mapiko autali a osprey ali ndi kink yapamwamba ndipo amafanana ndi chilembo "M". Osprey ali ndi kufalikira konsekonse. Imakhala mu Europe, North America, Asia, Australia ndi North Africa. M'nyengo yozizira, osprey amayenda kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumadera komwe kumakhala kotentha. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Europe zimapita ku Africa kumalo otentha, ndipo abale awo ochokera ku North America amawafunira malo oyenera ku Central ndi South America.
Kufalitsa
Osprey amakhala pafupi ndi malo akuluakulu osungirako ndi madzi abwino, omwe ali ndi nsomba zambiri. Imakhazikika pamitengo ikuluikulu yomwe imakwera pamwamba pa nkhalangoyi. M'malo opanda anthu, osprey nthawi zambiri amakonzera chisa chake pagombe lopanda kanthu. Akangofika kumalo odyera, mbalame zimakhala m'malo awo ogona ndikuyamba kupatsa zisa zawo. Pambuyo pake, mbalamezo zimayamba kuchita zovina zokomera: ndi nsomba m'malaya ake, yamphongo imakwera kutalika kwa 300 m, imawuluka kwakanthawi mlengalenga, kenako, ikapinda mapiko ake, imagwa pansi mwachangu. Pakati pa Meyi, ospreys amayamba kuyikira mazira. Yachikazi imayikira mazira awiri (kawirikawiri - 4) mazira oyera ndi mawanga a bulauni ndikuwatseka kwa masiku 38. Wamphongo nthawi iyi am'bweretsera chakudya. Nthochi zimakhala pachisa masiku pafupifupi 55. Pangozi, siziteteza, koma kubisala.
OCEAN OBSERVATIONS
Ku Europe ndi North America, ospreys ndi mbalame yosowa. Kumpoto kwa Europe, pafupifupi zisa 3,000. Ku Western ndi Central Europe, awiri okha a ospreys adatsala. Ku Scotland, osprey adazimiririka mu 1915. Apanso, adakhazikika kuno mu 1954, chifukwa cha chisamaliro mosamala cha chisa cha awiriwo omwe adabweretsa kuno. Tsopano ChiScotland chili ndi awiriawiri.
DZIWANI IZI:
- Osprey ndi mlenje wopusa kwambiri yemwe nthawi zambiri amatha kugwira nsomba ziwiri nthawi imodzi.
- Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi osprey limakhala ndi mawu ofuula kwambiri.
- Chala chakunja cha osprey chimatha kuzungulira kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, chifukwa cha izi mbalameyo imagwira mwamphamvu nyamayo.
- M'mabuku akale, panali nkhani zotchuka zakufa kwa osprey, yemwe adagwidwa ndimadzi ndi ma pikes, koma m'mabuku asayansi mulibe milandu yofananayi.
- Pachilumba cha Gardners pafupi ndi New York, dera lina la osprey lidasanjika, lopitilira awiriawiri.
ZINSINSI ZOCHULUKA ZA SCOPES. KULAMBIRA
Mazira: yoyera ndi mawanga akuda kapena a bulauni, ya osprey yachikazi imayala 2-3, kawirikawiri - mazira 4.
Nest: ili pamwamba kwambiri pamakona a mitengo yayikulu kapena pamiyala.
Chingwe: wamkazi amadya. Amakhala ndi mapiko ali ndi zaka 50-60 masiku.
Zovuta: mankhwalawa bulauni. Mutu umayera, kuyambira m'diso mpaka pakati khosi - chingwe chakuda chimatsika. Mapikowo ndiotalika modabwitsa. Miyendo ndi yolimba, yopanda utoto wathunthu.
- Chaka chonse
- Kukazizira
- Kukongoletsa
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Osprey amapezeka pafupifupi pagombe lonse komanso pafupi ndi madzi abwino. Mapuwa akuwonetsa malo omwe amakhala ndi zisa, komanso malo omwe amakhala chaka chonse.
KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA
M'malo ambiri, osprey wakhala mtundu wachilendo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuulimi ndi kusaka kwadzetsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi.
Osprey akuukira. Kanema (00:00:58)
Kuyang'ana chisa cha osprey ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri: zisa ndi zazitali komanso pamwamba pa mtengo. Palibe choti ndigwire pamenepo, mfundozo zimagwera chisa, ndipo m'dzanja limodzi ndinalidi ndi kamera ya mapewa. Ndipo kamodzi ndinakweza kamera pamtundu wautali wautali mosatakata kumtunda kwa nyumba yazitali zisanu, ndikuigwirizira ndi nsonga ndi dzanja limodzi. Zingakhale bwino kupatuka pang'ono kuchoka pamwambapa ndipo zida zonse zitha kuwuluka ndikuyamba kugundika. Modekha. Ndipo chisa ichi ndi chimodzi mwazochepera zomwe mungayang'anemo. Ndidakwera pamtengo umodzi wotsekera - ndikutembenukira theka la njira yobwerera - lidali louma kwambiri kotero kuti gawo lonse lakumwamba limatha kugwa.
Osprey / Osprey amakokera nsomba mu chisa. Kanema (00:01:44)
Osprey ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri, yomwe mapiko ake imafika 170cm. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Komabe, kum'mwera kwa Ladoga osprey akumva bwino. Ndinkakonda kwambiri madera akunjawa, ndakhala nthawi yayitali ndikungoyendayenda ndikuyankhula ndi ospreys ndi chiwombankhanga. Zisa za Osprey ndizosatheka kotero kuti ma ornithologists ochepa adatha kugwira mbalame za mbalamezi m'manja. Komabe, ndinatha kulowa zisa za osprey, ndipo osprey atangolowa munsanjayo, yomwe ndinayikapo pafupi ndi chisa. Osprey amakhala wochenjera kwambiri ndipo, akafika chisa cha munthu, amachoka kunyumba kwawo kwamamita mazana ambiri, chifukwa chake, kuti awuchotse, munthu amayenera kumanga hema usiku. Nkhani zonena za osprey ndi chiwombankhanga zosindikizidwa mu 2010. M'buku la zithunzi zokongola, Nest of Cannibals. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kudera la Leningrad zisa za osprey zitha kuwerengedwa zala, koma kum'mwera kwa Ladoga ndidapeza zisa zoposa 15. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri la mbalamezi ku Europe ku Darwin Reserve
Mawonekedwe
Osprey ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe kukula kwake kwa thupi kumakhala kosiyanasiyana masentimita 55 mpaka 58 kutalika ndi mapiko kumapeto kwa masentimita 150. Mtundu wa mutuwo ndi loyera ndi chingwe chakuda chomwe chimayamba ndi mulomo ndikutha kumapeto kwa mutu. Torso wapamwamba ndi wakuda komanso imvi. Khosi la nthenga zakuda limapezeka pachifuwa. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli kakhalidwe kakang'ono. Nthenga zawo zimawoneka ngati sizinasinthe.
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Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, mawonekedwe a thupi amatha kusiyanasiyana. Komabe, mitundu yonseyo imakhala ndi mapiko ataliitali anyezi okhala ndi mbali yolumikizana pafupi ndi cholumikizira. Chifukwa cha mapiko ake, kuthawa, osprey amakhala ofanana ndi seagull. Mchira wa osprey, womwe umatha kuyenda patali ngati chimphona, umakhalanso wofunikira. Maso ndi achikaso. Mlomo ndi wokhotakhota komanso wamdima.
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Kuwala kwamisala ndi ukulu wakuda pamanambala aakazi, komanso mkanda wamkhosi wolimba. Amunthu payekhapayekha amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kulemera: zazikazi zimakhala zolemera 20% kuposa amuna.
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Habitat
Osprey amakhala kumayiko onse, kupatula Antarctica. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumadera a South America ndi Indo-Malaysia. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kuchuluka ku Egypt ndi zilumba za Red Sea. Ku Russia, amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja ndi mitsinje yozizira. Pofuna kukonzanso malo, sankhani mitengo yayitali.
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Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Pafupifupi chakudya chonse cha mbalameyi chimakhala ndi nsomba. Osprey amadya nsomba zomwe zimapezeka pafupi ndi madzi. Zimasaka nsomba pa ntchentche, zikuyenda m'madzi. Nthawi zina amatha kukonza ambusus. Kwa mbalamezi ndikofunikira kuti madzi azikhala oyera komanso owonekera momwe angathere, kuti mutha kuwona nsomba pamtunda wamamita 40 kuchokera pamwamba. Atapeza nyama yofunikira, osprey amathamangira nayo pamalo otsetsereka ndi liwiro lalikulu, kenako nkugwira wolakwayo ndi zibwano zake zazitali. Imayamba kudya nyama yochokera kumutu, ndipo mwina ikataya ina yonseyo kapena kuinyamula kupita nayo ku chisa. Osprey pafupifupi samamwa madzi.
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Osprey ndimayimbira kwambiri
Msodzi wamkulu amatha kudula nsomba zingapo zazikulu. Komabe, sangawerengere kulemera kwa nyama, chifukwa chake nsomba zomwe zagwidwazo zimathyola zigamba za osprey ndikugwera pansi.
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Kukula kwa mbalame
Uwu ndi nyama yayitali kwambiri, yomwe imatalika kulemera kwa makilogalamu 1.6-2 ndi kutalika kwa mapangidwe a 1,45-1.7 Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa osprey, komanso makulidwe amtundu wake, zimatengera magulu amtundu womwe amakhala nawo m'dera lina.
Ma Ornithologists amasiyanitsa masanjidwe anayi a osprey:
- Pandion haliaetus haliaetus ndiye subspecies zazikulu kwambiri komanso zakuda kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ku Eurasia,
- Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi - kukula kwake kumafanana ndi P. h. haliaetus, koma ali ndi mutu wopepuka. Mabungwe okhazikika omwe amakhala kuzilumba za Pacific,
- Pandion haliaetus carolinensis ndi masamba amdima komanso akulu omwe amakhala ku North America,
- Pandion haliaetus cristatus ndiye gulu laling'ono kwambiri lomwe oimira ake amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja zam'madzi, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yayikulu ya Australia ndi Tasmania.
Mwambiri, zimawoneka kuti osprey omwe amakhala m'mitunda yayitali ndizokulirapo kuposa opanga obadwa kumalo otentha komanso otentha.
Kubala nyengo
Nthawi yoswana imatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi moyo wa osprey. Mbalame zokhazikika, zimachitika mu Disembala ndipo zimatha mpaka Marichi, ndipo ospreys osamukira, zimayamba kuyambira Epulo mpaka Marichi. Nthawi yakukhwima ndi chibwenzi cha amuna kwa akazi. Amapanga ndege pafupi ndi zisa, kukopa zazikazi ndikuziteteza kwa amuna. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa awiriwa, gawo la kukonza nyumba limayamba. Kwenikweni, mkaziyo amapeza zofunikira za chisa, ndipo zimachitika limodzi ndi champhongo. Chisa chomangidwa ndi nyumba yawo yokhazikika, nthawi zambiri amazisamalira. Pambuyo pa kutenga pakati ,ikazi imayamba kuyikira mazira ndi masiku angapo. Monga lamulo, kuyambira ana awiri mpaka ana 4 amabadwa.
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Osprey ndi anapiye
Anapiye omwe amawaswa m'mbuyomu amakhala amphamvu kuposa omwe amaswa pambuyo pake. Njira yodzikundikira imatha masiku 40. Ndizachilendo kuti zonse zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimagwirirananso awiriawiri. Makolo amadyetsa ana ochepa nyerere. Chikazi chimagawa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa ndi zamphongozo ndikumudyetsa anapiye. Pakatha mwezi ndi theka, ospreys ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi luso losaka. Ali ndi miyezi iwiri, amasiya zisa zawo ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Ospreys amakhala okhwima pofika zaka zitatu.
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Moyo
Osprey amapatsidwa ichthyophages, chifukwa chake sangayerekeze moyo wake popanda nyanja, mtsinje, dambo, kapena chosungira. Madzi apafupi kwambiri amapezeka mkati mwa malo osakira osprey ndipo ali pamtunda wa makilomita 0,10 mpaka 10,000 kuchokera ku chisa chake. Kuchulukana kwa nesting ndikosiyana - zisa ziwiri zoyandikana zimatha kupatukana ndi zana la mita kapena ma kilomita ambiri.
Osprey sangataye mphamvu yakuwongolera matupi ang'onoang'ono am'madzi kapena magawo amtsinje waukulu / chosungira nthawi imodzi (kutengera kulinga kwa mphepo pomwe akusaka). Kupereka ulamulirowu, osprey amamanga chisa pamakola amtsinje kapena pa maneya pakati pa dambo.
Ambiri ospreys amatsatira magawo awo azakudya, chifukwa chake samakhala magulu. Kukumana m'magulu kumachitika pafupipafupi kuzilumba, komanso pamzere wofalitsa, ndiye kuti pali malo ambiri zisa.
Osprey nthawi zambiri amasankha kusaka palimodzi, komwe kumakhala kothandiza kuposa komwe kumakhala kosakwatira. Mbalame zimapuma pamitengo, zikuwona chisamaliro chobadwa nacho. Amakhala m'mizati pamitengo, m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, modekha kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Osprey amapanga mawu, ngati "kai-kai-kai", akusamukira kumalo apamwamba a "ki-ki-ki" pafupi ndi chisa.
Pamene osprey amayang'ana kuti agwire nsomba mumtsinje, nthawi zambiri imagwedezeka - imayimilira ndikulendewera pamadzipo, ndikukupiza mapiko ake mwachangu. Ospreys amateteza zisa zawo, koma osateteza madera amodzi, chifukwa chakudya chomwe amakonda (mitundu yonse ya nsomba) ndizosavuta ndipo amatha kukhala patali mosiyana ndi chisa.
Oyimira kum'mwera mwa nyamazo amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala, pomwe ospreys akumpoto makamaka amakhala osamuka.
Adani m'chilengedwe
Ku North America, ospreys amatha kugwiriridwa ndi kadzidzi wamkulu kapena mphungu zazingwe. Kulikonse komwe amasakidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kadzidzi ndi chiwombankhanga, mbewa ndi ma fodya, oimira banja la mphaka ndi njoka. Monga lamulo, nyama zambiri zimawononga zisa za osprey.
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M'mayiko akum'mwera, ming'alu yayikulu ikuluikulu, makamaka ng'ona ya Nile, imatha kuukira osprey. Amagwira osprey yemwe amathira nsomba m'madzi.
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Utali wamoyo
Ospreys amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali, osachepera 20-25 zaka, ndipo mbalame ikamakula, imakhala yayitali mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali. Anthu osiyanasiyana ali ndi ziwerengero zawo zosapulumuka, koma chithunzicho ndi motere - 60% ya nyama zazing'ono zochepera zaka 2 ndi 80-90% ya mbalame zachikulire zimapulumuka.
Choonadi. Akatswiri a zamankhwala anatha kutsata wamkazi wokhala ndi zingwe, yemwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali ku Europe. Mu 2011, adakwanitsa zaka 30.
Ku North America, wamwamuna yemwe amakhala zaka 25 adadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri osprey. Kwa kupitirira chaka chimodzi adapulumuka ndi wamwamuna yemwe amakhala ku Finland, yemwe pa nthawi yomwalira anali ndi zaka 26 zakubadwa 25. Koma ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti ospreys ambiri kuthengo samakhala mpaka pano.
Kuchulukana
Pakadali pano, chiwerengero cha ospreys ndi nkhawa. Mbalame zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira la mayiko angapo, komanso zolembedwa zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. M'madera ena, kupweteka kwa mbalamezi kumayenderana ndi kusaka kwa ozizira, poyizoni ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka, komanso kuchepa kwa chakudya. Pa gawo la Europe ndi North America, zinali zotheka kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa ospreys kudzera pakukhazikitsa njira zachilengedwe ndi kulenga kwa malo okhala malo okhala.
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Kugonana kwamanyazi
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mumtundu kumaonekera pokhapokha poonetsetsa - zazimazi zimakhala zakuda nthawi zonse ndipo zimakhala ndi mkanda wowala wamawonekedwe owala. Kuphatikiza apo, zazimayi ndi zolemera 20% kuposa zazimuna: zoyambirira zimalemera pafupifupi 1.6-2 makilogalamu, ndipo zotsiriza zimalemera kuchokera ku 1,2 kg mpaka 1.6 kg. Komanso, osprey achikazi amawonetsa mapiko okulirapo (5-10%).
Habitat, malo okhala
Osprey amakhala m'malo onse am'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, yomwe imaswana kapena kubisala. Sizikudziwika ngati nthumwi za mitunduyi zimaberekera ku Indo-Malaysia ndi South America, koma nthawi yozizira zimawona mbalame kumeneko nthawi zonse. Komanso nthawi yachisanu, ospreys nthawi zambiri amakhala ku Egypt komanso kumadera ena a zilumba za Red Sea.
Pansi pa nesting ospreys sankhani ngodya zotetezeka, osati kutali ndi osaya, okhala ndi nsomba, malo amadzi. Ming'oma imakhala ndi ma kilomita 3-5 kuchokera kumadzi am'madzi (m'madzi, m'madzi, m'mphepete kapena m'mitsinje), koma nthawi zina pamwamba pamadzi.
Ku Russia, ma ospreys amakonda nyanja zozizira zowonjezereka, komanso ma rap river / mitsinje, komwe mitengo yayitali (yokhala ndi nsonga zouma) yoyenera kubzala. Mbalame ndizosamala kwambiri anthu, koma oyandikana nawo kwambiri ku Australia ndi America, kumanga zisa ngakhale m'malo osinthira.
Zakudya za Osprey
Muli nsomba zopitilira 99% zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa osprey samatenga ndi kugwira chilichonse chomwe chimayandikira pamwamba pa madzi. Komabe, assortment yam'madzi ikakhala yochulukirapo, osprey amasankha mitundu itatu ya zokometsetsa (mwa malingaliro ake). Ospreys nthawi zambiri amasaka ntchentche (nthawi zina kuchokera pagulu): amakwera pamwamba pamadzi, osatalika kuposa 10 mpaka 40. Ndi njira iyi yosakira, kuwonekera kwa osprey ndikofunikira, popeza ndizovuta kudziwa kuti nyama ili bwanji padziwe lamatope.
Kusaka
Osprey amathamangira nsombayo kuchokera kumtunda - itazindikira kuti ikuuluka, ndegeyo imakhota mapiko ake ndikutambasulira miyendo yake kutsogolo, ikugwera mwachangu kwa wozungulirayo kapena pang'onopang'ono madigiri 45. Nthawi zambiri amapita pansi pamadzi kwathunthu, koma amawuluka pomwepo, atanyamula chikwatu (nthawi zambiri cholunjika kumutu) m'malaya amodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri.
Zosangalatsa. Nsomba zodontha zimasungidwa ndi zibwano zazitali, zala zake zimakhala ndi zifuwa pansi, komanso chala chakumbuyo chimatembenukiranso (kuti chidziwike chogwira nyama).
Kuti achoke pamadzi, osprey amagwiritsa ntchito ngati mapiko amphamvu. Mlengalenga, chimakonda kugwedezeka ndikugwera kumtengo kapena pathanthwe, kuti kudya nkhomaliro pang'onopang'ono. Atamaliza kudya, amabwerera kumtsinje kukasambitsa mamba a nsomba ndi ntchofu ndikudontha miyendo yake ndikulowa m'madzi.
Kupanga
Wachikulire wosprey wolemera makilogalamu awiri sawopa kuwedza nsomba yomwe ili wofanana ndiwotsika kapena kulemera kwake, natambasulira nsomba zitatu- komanso kilogalamu zinayi. Zowona, izi ndizosiyana kuposa lamulo - nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nsomba za gramu zana limodzi kapena mazana awiri.
Zimachitika kuti osprey sawerengera mphamvu zake ndikuluma mabala ake ngati nsembe yolemera yolemera makilogalamu anayi kapena kupitilira apo. Ngati mbalame ilibe nthawi yoti imasule mapaya ake, nsomba yolemetsa imayinyamula mpaka pansi. Nthawi zambiri asodzi amagwira maikoko akuluakulu ndi mitembo yokhala ndi "zokongoletsa" zoyipa kumbuyo kwawo - mafupa a osprey akufa. Palinso chithunzi cha zomwe zapezedwa, pomwe carp yayikulu (yogwidwa ku Saxony) yokhala ndi osprey wakufa atakhala pampandopo imagwidwa.
Zambiri
Mbalame imadya nsomba, kuyambira mutu. Ngati yamphongo idyetsa mkaziyo panthawiyi, idya gawo la chogwiracho, chimatenga gawo linalo ku chisa. Mwambiri, ospreys sagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisala zomwe adapanga: amanyamula, kutaya, kapena kusiya zotsalira mchisa.
Amadziwika kuti osprey amanyansidwa ndi zovunda ndipo pafupifupi samamwa madzi, akukwaniritsa chosowa chatsiku ndi tsiku ndi nsomba zatsopano.
Akatswiri a Ornithologists adawerengera kuchuluka kwa kuyenda bwino (24-44%), ndikuwonetsa kuti chizindikirocho chimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo, ma ebbs ndi mayendedwe ndi kuthekera kwa osprey palokha. Gawo limodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimadya nyama zimadyedwa ndi achule, ma voles am'madzi, ma muskrats, agologolo, salamanders, njoka, mbalame zazing'ono, ndipo ngakhale ng'ona zazing'ono.
Nesting
Nthawi zambiri pamsika mutha kuwona wamwamuna akulemba ma pirouette - izi ndi zinthu zamwambo waukwati ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyesa kuwopa adani.
Mwambiri, ospreys amakhala amodzi, koma amawonetsa mitala pamene zisa zili pafupi, ndipo zazimuna zimatha kuteteza zonse. Chisa choyamba pamenepa ndichofunika kwambiri champhongo, chifukwa choyamba amapita ndi nsomba kumeneko.
Ospreys omwe amakhala ku Russia nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtunda wamtali womwe umamera m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje / nyanja kapena umaima pambali. Mtengo woterowo umatalika mamita 10 pamwamba pa nkhalango ndipo uyenera kupirira chisa chachikulu cha mitengo kwa zaka zingapo.
Kanthawi kocheperako, chisa chimapezeka pamitengo yama chingwe champhamvu, nsanja zokumbira ngakhale nyumba. Ku Australia, milandu yokhala ndi malovu osambira ndi yofala. Chidacho chimapotozedwa kuchokera ku nthambi, zotchingidwa ndi algae kapena udzu, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito zomangira zachilendo - matumba apulasitiki, mzere wasodzi ndi zinthu zina zopezeka m'madzi. Mkati mwake, chisa chija chimakhala ndi mbewa ndi udzu.
Chingwe
Yaikazi imayikira mazira ochepa opepuka (okhala ndi zofiirira, zofiirira kapena maimvi), omwe makolo onse ali ndi makulidwe. Pakatha masiku 35- 38, anapiyewo amabwanyula, ndipo bambo ali ndi udindo wodyetsa banja, osati ana okha, komanso wamkazi. Mayi amateteza anapiyewo ndikudikirira chakudya kuchokera kwa mnzake, koma osam'peza, amapempha kwa amuna oyandikana nawo.
Zosangalatsa. Abambo osamala tsiku ndi tsiku amakokolola chinsomba 3 mpaka 10 mpaka 60 mpaka 100. Makolo onse amatha kuthyola mnofu ndikuwapatsa anapiye.
Osati kale kuposa masiku 10, anapiye amasintha zovala zawo zoyera kukhala zonyezimira zakuda, ndikupeza nthenga zoyambirira pakatha milungu ingapo. Ana akhazikika mokwanira patatha masiku 48-76: posamukira anthu ambiri, njira zandalama zambiri zimathandizira.
Pofika mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo wawo, anapiye amafika 70-80% ya kukula kwa mbalame zachikulire, ndipo atathawa, amapanga kuyesa kwawo koyamba kukasaka pawokha. Popeza akudziwa kutha nsomba, anapiye sanachite manyazi kubwerera kuchisa kukafunsira chakudya kwa makolo awo. Zokwanira za chilimwe za m'banjali zimakhala pafupifupi 120-150 kg.
Ana a osprey akhala m chisa kwa miyezi pafupifupi iwiri, koma, mosiyana ndi ana a mbalame zina zomwe zimadyedwa, ali pachiwopsezo samawonetsa kukwiya, koma, m'malo mwake, amayesera kubisala. Nthawi zambiri makolo amachoka chisa kuti asavutike kukula kwa ana. Kubereka ntchito achinyamata osprey kumawonekera osapitirira zaka 3.
Adani achilengedwe
Ku North America, Virginia Eagle Owl ndi Bald Eagle amadyera anapiye a osprey ndipo, pocheperapo, pa akuluakulu. Ospreys amadziwikanso ngati adani achilengedwe a:
- mphungu ndi kadzidzi
- Zoyipa ndi zopanda (zisa zowononga),
- feline ndi njoka (zisa zowononga).
Mitundu ina ya ng'ona imagwirira mbalame nyengo yozizira kumayiko otentha, makamaka, Mtsinje: amagwira osprey kudumphira nsomba.