Mayina: nkhandwe yachakudya.

Dera: Mmbulu waku Mexico umapezeka kumwera kwenikweni kwa kontinenti - ku Sierra Madra ndi kumadzulo kwa Mexico, ngakhale kuti mbali yake isanafike ku Arizona ndi New Mexico.

Kufotokozera: Gulu laling'ono kwambiri la subspecies ya North America ya nkhandwe. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali komanso thupi losalala lomwe limamuthandiza kuthamanga. Mwa mimbulu yonse, nkhandwe ya ku Mexico ndi yocheperako.

Mtundu: Mtundu wa nkhandwe ku Mexico ndi kuphatikiza bulauni, imvi, ndi kufiyira. Mchira wake, miyendo ndi makutu nthawi zambiri zimayatsidwa wakuda.

KukulaKutalika: 120-150 masentimita. Kutalika kwamapewa: 70-80 cm.

Kulemera: 30-40 kg.

Kutalika kwa moyo: Ali mu ukapolo, amakhalabe ndi zaka 15.

Mawu: Phokoso la nkhandwe ku Mexico limaphatikizanso mawu okokomeza, mawu omata, ndi mavu omwe amasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana. Kubangula ndi njira yolankhulirana kwambiri pakati pa anthu pakompyuta ndikuwona malire a gawo lake. Akalulu onse ali ndi mkokomo payokha.

Habitat: Akalulu aku Mexico amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zamapiri, mitengo komanso zitsamba.

Adani: Chiwonongeko cha anthu ndi malo okhala ndizoopseza kwambiri kukhalapo.

Chakudya: Mmbulu waku Mexico udya nswala, nkhono, nkhosa zamphongo zazikuru, pronghorn antelopes (pronghorn - Antilocapra americana), akalulu, nkhumba zakuthengo ndi zina zazing'ono zazikazi, makamaka makoswe. Komabe, nthawi zina amadana ndi ziweto.

Khalidwe: Mimbulu yaku Mexico ili ndi makutu abwino kumva. Amagwiritsa ntchito bwino kuti adzipeze ndikudzipezera chakudya, komanso kuti athe kulumikizana ndi mimbulu ina. Amagwiritsanso ntchito chilankhulidwe cha thupi polumikizira paketi: mawu ofunikira pakamwa, kutulutsa thupi, ndi miyambo ina yina.
Miyendo yayitali komanso yamphamvu imasinthidwa bwino kuti igwire makilomita mazana pakasaka posaka ndikufunafuna ma booties othamanga.

Gulu la anthu: Nyama zacheza kwambiri. Gulu la nkhandwe yaku Mexico limakhala ndi anthu 3-8: Nthawi zambiri achikulire awiri ndi nyama zazing'ono zingapo (mbadwa zawo). Katundu wa mmbulu umakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ogwirizana: okhala ndi awiri otchuka: amphongo a alpha ndi alpha, omwe gawo lawo limayang'anira gawo lamtunda, kusunga mtendere pakati pa gulu, ndikufalitsa gulu. Jozi ili ndi gawo lokhalo lomwe limabereka ndikukula ana mu paketi.
Banja lokalamba nthawi zambiri limakhala limodzi moyo wawo wonse.
Mamembala otsika pagulu nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsa ubale pakati pawo mosiyanasiyana: amuna ndi akazi. Kulamulira kwazinyama zazikulu komanso zochepa mkati mwa gulu limathandiza kuti lizigwira bwino ntchito limodzi.
Gawo la nkhosali limakhala ndi zilembo zafungo zomwe zimayikidwa pamtengo wamiyala, miyala ndi zinthu zina panjira zawo, komanso mawonekedwe a thupi lawo ndi mawu ake. Chifukwa cha izi, magulu oyandikana nawo samakonda kukumana wina ndi mnzake wochokera kunja, amapanga kulira ndi fungo.

KuswanaKukula kwa ana a nkhandwe ku Mexico atabadwa ndi pafupifupi 450 g. Kupanda kutero, kukula kwawo kumachitika, monga mitundu yonse ya mimbulu.

Nyengo / nyengo ya kuswana: Ana agalu amabadwa pakati pa Okutobala mpaka pakati pa Malichi.

Mimba: Imakhala masiku 63.

Chotuluka: Kukula wamba (pafupifupi) mawere ndi ana agalu a 4-6.

Phindu / kuvulaza anthu: Nthawi zina mimbulu imazunza ziweto, makamaka nyama zazing'ono. Pofuna kuthetsa kusamvana pakati pa alimi ndi mimbulu ya ku Mexico, a Animal Animal Defenders (bungwe loteteza zachilengedwe) athetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mimbulu.

Kuchulukitsa / kusamalira: Wolf waku Mexico adatchulidwa kuti mtundu womwe uli pangozi mu 1976. Mu 1960, nkhandwe yomaliza yodziwika ku Mexico yomwe idakhala m'chilengedwe idaphedwa. Pakadali pano, mimbulu 200 yaku Mexico imasungidwa.
Kuyambira 1990s, pulogalamu ya Mexico yakhala ikukhazikitsa kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe ya ku Mexico pamlingo womwe udalipo kale. Cholinga cha pulogalamu yobwezeretsanso kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha mimbulu m'chilengedwe cha 2008 kufikira anthu osachepera 100.
Ndi mimbulu 5 yokha yomwe yagwidwa ku Mexico pakati pa 1977 ndi 1980: amphongo anayi ndi amayi amodzi oyembekezera, omwe adapanga maziko ndi chiyembekezo chopulumutsa ndikusunga zolembedwazo za nkhandwe ku Mexico. Ana agalu oyambilira ku Mexico adabadwa mu 1978 ku Arizona-Sonora Zoo. Mimbulu isanu mwa 11 yoyamba kubwezeretsedwa idapezeka itaphedwa, koma enanso apulumuka ndipo tsopano akuswana mwachilengedwe.

Ngongole: Portal Zooclub
Mukasindikiza nkhaniyi, kulumikizana kwothandiza kwa gwero ndi MANDATORY, apo ayi, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyo kumaonedwa kuti ndikuphwanya lamulo la "Law on Copyright and rights rights".

Canis lupus baileyi (Nelson et Goldman, 1929)

Zambiri: kumwera chakumadzulo kwa USA, ku Mexico mapiri a Western Sierra Madre.

Pakalembedwe zakale ndi nkhalango zamapiri komanso malo oyandikana ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona ndi Trans-Pecos ku West Texas pamtunda wa 1200-1500 m, pomwe anthu osapembedza anali ambiri. Mapulogalamuwa mwina adakhala kumpoto chakumwera kwa Utah ndi kumwera kwa Colorado m'malo omwe ma hybridization ndi ena mwa nkhandwe imatha kuchitika.

Chifukwa chakusaka, kusaka, ndi poyizoni mosasamala, komwe kumayambira kumapeto kwa 1800s, mimbulu yotsika ku Mexico ndiyomwe idatsala pofika 1950, ndipo nkhandwe yomaliza ku Mexico ku United States idaphedwa ndi 1970.

Nkhandwe yaying'ono yaku North America. Mitundu yocheperako kwambiri, yakumwera komanso yosiyanitsa mitundu yonse ya mimbulu yaimvi ku North America. Nthawi zambiri amalemera 23-25 ​​kg, kutalika kwa mapewa 60-80 masentimita, kutalika kuchokera pamphuno mpaka mchira pafupifupi 1.5 m (pafupifupi kukula kwa m'busa wamkulu waku Germany).

Mtundu wake umakhala wakuda, wowuma, wabowuni komanso wowonjezerera kamvekedwe ka utoto komanso zokutira zakuda zakumaso kumbuyo. Utoto wa chovalacho ungasinthe, koma wakuda kapena yoyera mulibe.

Kunja kofanana ndi coyotes ndi kusiyanitsa kwakutali ndikovuta. Akalulu aku Mexico amalemera kawiri kawiri, amakhala ndi mitu yayikulu komanso yamphamvu, makutu ozungulira, miyendo yayitali kutalika kwa thupi. Zosintha kuchokera ku C. l. nubilus amakhala ocheperako pang'ono, amtundu wakuda. Zowoneka bwino komanso zopepuka C. l. youngi. Mwa mimbulu ya Palearctic, mwachionekere, C. l. chanco - makamaka mitundu yomwe imakhala m'mapiri owuma a Tibet.

Chinyama chokonda kucheza kwambiri, chimakhala m'matumba, omwe kukula kwake ndi 4-5 anthu. Gulu limakhala lotetezedwa ndi gulu lalikulu, koma nthawi zambiri limakhala lokhazikika - nthawi zina limakhala ndi abambo osagwirizana. Kubalana kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu. Pambuyo pathupi, pafupifupi masiku 63, mkaziyo amabereka mwana wa 1 mpaka 6. Mamembala onse a paketi amasamalira ana agalu ndi kuwadyetsa. Akuluakulu amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali kuti akapeze chakudya, ndikubwerera kuphanga, kukadyetsa ana, ndikupaka chakudya chokhazikika.

Achichepere amayamba kukhwima pofika zaka pafupifupi ziwiri.

Zakudya za nyama zomwe zimadyera zilombo zimaphatikizapo akalulu, agologolo pansi ndi mbewa, koma zimakonda kuperekedwa kwa maululates akuluakulu (moose, agwape ndi antelopes). Ngakhale nthawi zina amasaka ziweto, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati nkhomaliro sizinakwanitse kuthandiza gulu.

Mu 1991, pulogalamu yokonzanso zinthu idapangidwa. Mwa anthu 7 omwe analandidwa kumpoto kwa Mexico, anthu ogwidwa kunkhondo anayamba. Mu 1998, kukonzanso kwa mimbulu yaku Mexico olandidwa kuthengo kunayambira mdera la Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area (BRWRA) m'malo a Arizona ndi New Mexico. Mimbulu 11 zaku Mexico m'magulu atatu osiyanasiyana zidakhazikitsidwanso ku nkhokwe ya Apache National Forest ku Arizona. Mimbulu ina 9 m'magulu awiri idatulutsidwa ku Gila National Forest kumpoto kwa Silver City mu 2000, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka chomwecho, nkhandwe yoyamba ku Mexico yazaka 70 idabadwira ku New Mexico.

Anthu okhala mimbulu yobwezeretsedwayo amasankhidwa kuti "kuyesera", yomwe imalola mimbulu kufalikira m'nkhalango zamtunduwu. Mawu akuti "kuyesa" amalola ofufuza kuti azitha kusuntha ndi kusuntha nyama zomwe zisagwire ziweto kapena kupita kumalo osachiritsika.

Cholinga chodzipangira okha anthu 100 sichinakwaniritsidwe. Chifukwa cha zandalama, anthu pano ndi mimbulu 58 olembedwa kuyambira Meyi Meyi.

Mimbulu imatetezedwa ndi malamulo aboma ku New Mexico. Chilango chowombera mmbulu chikuphatikizira chaka chimodzi m'ndende komanso ndalama zokwana $ 50,000, kuphatikiza zilango zina kuchokera ku State of New Mexico chifukwa chophwanya lamulo loteteza zachilengedwe.

Malipiro okwana $ 45,000 pazachidziwitso zomwe zinapangitsa kuti amangidwe ndikuyimbidwa milandu yazipembedzo amalipira ndalama limodzi ndi mabungwe aboma ndi maboma, komanso mabungwe azachilengedwe.

Kufotokozera kwa Wolf waku Mexico

Mmbulu waku Mexico ndiye woimira ochepa kwambiri ku nkhandwe zaku North America. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 150 masentimita, ndipo kutalika pamapewa kumayambira 70 mpaka 80 cm.

Kulemera kwa thupi la nkhandwe ku Mexico sikupitirira 30-40 kilogalamu. Thupi limakhala losalala komanso miyendo ndiyitali, kuti mimbulu yaku Mexico ithamangire kuthamanga. Mwa mimbulu yonse, waku Mexico ndiye wocheperako.

Mtundu wa malaya umaphatikiza matani a bulauni, ofiira komanso amvi. Mchira, makutu ndi mawondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda.

Moyo wa Wolves waku Mexico

A nkhandwe ku Mexico amakonda nkhalango zamapiri, malo okhala ndi tchire ndi mitengo.

Wolf waku Mexico (Canis lupus baileyi).

Izi zimatha kumva komanso kununkhiza bwino. Mimbulu imagwiritsa ntchito bwino mikhalidwe imeneyi kuti iwone ozunzidwa ndikuyankhulana ndi mtundu wawo. Amalumikizananso ndi abale kudzera mthupi: mawonekedwe, nkhope, kayendedwe kena. Pofunafuna nyama, amatha kuthana ndi makilomita mazana ambiri, komwe miyendo yolimba ndi yayitali imawathandiza.

Mimbulu ya ku Mexico imatha kulira, kulira, komanso kulira, ndipo imaberekanso mawu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mamembala amalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito kubuula, mwanjira imeneyi amadzinenera kuti gawo lawalali. Munthu aliyense amalira payekhapayekha komanso wapadera.

Mamembala amuluwe wolumikizana amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana, makamaka kulira.

Mimbulu ku Mexico imadyera pa mphalapakati, agwape, nkhosa zamphongo zazikulu, anthambo, nkhumba zakuthengo, akalulu ndi anyani zazing'ono, makamaka makoswe. Koma nthawi zina amaukira ziweto.

Adani akuluakulu a mimbulu ya ku Mexico ndi anthu, chifukwa amawononga malo achilengedwe a nyama izi, mwakutero zimayambitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu chakupezeka kwa mitunduyi. Kutalika kwa zaka mimbulu ku Mexico ali mu ukapolo kumafika zaka 15.

Kapangidwe kake ka mimbulu yodedza

Izi ndi nyama zachikhalidwe. Gulu limakhala kuchokera kwa anthu atatu mpaka asanu ndi atatu, nthawi zambiri imakhala nyama ziwiri zazing'ono komanso mbadwo wachichepere. Phukusi la nkhandwe limakhala ndi zochitika zambiri pagulu. Gulu lalikulu ndi awiri otchuka - amuna ndi akazi, ndi omwe amasamala kwambiri za kusunga malowa, kusunga bata m'banjamo ndi kubereka. Awiriwa okha ndi omwe amatha kubereka ndikukula ana.

Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amakhalabe limodzi, monga lamulo, moyo wonse.

Zotsalira za gululo zimakhala zotsika, pakati pawo nthawi zambiri gulu lotsogola limakhazikitsidwa mbali ziwiri: mosiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna. Kapangidwe ka mimbulu kovuta kamene kamawathandiza kuti azichita zonse.

Gulu la nkhosalo limazindikiritsa gawo lake mothandizidwa ndi mafungo, miyala, mitengo, njira ndi zina. Komanso, monga taonera, mimbulu imalira ikunena kuti malowo ndi omwe amakhala. Chifukwa cha njirazi, magulu oyandikana nawo samapezeka kawirikawiri.

Kubala mimbulu yamanyowa

Nyengo yakubereketsa ya mimbulu ku Mexico imagwera pakati pa Febuluwale - pakati pa Marichi. Mimba imatenga masiku 63. Mu zinyalala, monga lamulo, makanda 4-6. Pobadwa, ana a nkhandwe amalemera pafupifupi 450 gramu. Akalulu aku Mexico amakula chimodzimodzi ndi mimbulu ina.

Mu 1960, nkhandwe yomaliza yodziwika ku Mexico yomwe idakhala m'chilengedwe idaphedwa.

Mimbulu ya ku Mexico ndi anthu

Nthawi zina mimbulu yaku Mexico imazunza ziweto, nthawi zambiri nyama zazing'ono. Bungwe loteteza zachilengedwe lotchedwa Defenders ofendle labwezera mtengo wa mimbulu kwa alimi. Anachita izi kuti aletse alimi kuti asawombere. Koma nkhandwe yomaliza ya ku Mexico idaphedwa mu 1960 kuthengo.

Pakadali pano, mimbulu 200 yaku Mexico imasungidwa. Kuyambira 1990s, pulogalamu yaku Mexico yakhazikitsidwa kuti abwezeretse mimbulu ku chilengedwe chawo. Cholinga ndikupanga mimbulu, osachepera anthu 100.

Anthu adawombera mosaganizira ndikugwira mimbulu yaku Mexico kuthengo zambirimbiri, ndipo tsopano ndalama mamiliyoni zikuwonongedwa pamapulogalamu yobwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa nyamazo.

Maziko a gululi, omwe akuyembekeza kupulumutsa mimbulu ku Mexico, anali anthu 5 okha omwe adagwidwa ku Mexico. Ana agalu oyambawa kuchokera kwa anthuwa adapezeka mu 1978 ku Arizona-Sonora Zoo. Mimbulu 11 idapangidwanso m'chilengedwe, koma zisanu mwa izo zidapezeka zitafa. Otsalawo adatha kupulumuka ndipo lero aswana. Koma mimbulu ku Mexico imawerengedwa kuti ndi mabungwe ang'onoang'ono pomwe kuti ingawonongeke.

Ichi ndi chitsanzo china cha momwe anthu mopanda chisoni amagwirizanirana ndi chilengedwe ndi nyama. Ngati anthu sangaphunzire kusamalira zachilengedwe, ndiye kuti ndi bwalo loipa ndipo ntchito yoperekera ziweto ipitilira kwamuyaya. Koma choyipa kwambiri ndikuti ntchito izi sizichita bwino nthawi zonse, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya zinyama idasowa kale pankhope ya Dziko lapansi kudzera pamlandu wa anthu.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

[Sinthani] Magulu Othandizidwa

Pakadali pano, nkhani ya kusiyanitsa Chitaliyana kukhala malo amtundu wina (Canis lupus italicus) ndi nkhandwe ya ku Iberia (Canis lupus signatus) Mimbulu ya ku Italy ndi ku Iberia peninsulas ndi yosasiyana pamakhalidwe ndi mimbulu ya ku Europe, ndipo, malinga ndi ofufuza, imatha kusiyanitsidwa m'magulu osiyana.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti nkhandwe yaku India ikhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyana. Zotsatira zofananazo adapezedwa ndi nkhandwe ya ku Tibet, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi nkhandwe ya wamba.

Kwanthawi yayitali tsopano, nthano ya omwe amatchedwa "lyre wolf", yodziwika ku South America, yakhala ikuzungulira pa intaneti. Malongosoledwe ake amaphatikizidwa ndi zithunzi.