Asodzi okhala ndi nsomba zam'madzi, kapena onyamula moyo, ndiomwe amakhala osadzinyamula komanso ovuta kwambiri okhala m'malo okhala. Ndiosavuta kubereka komanso kuzolowera moyo watsopano. Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kwa warvist wazamadzi kuti akhale ndi "anthu" otere. Werengani za mitundu yanji ya nsomba zam'madzi zokhala ndi moyo komanso momwe mungazisungire.
Mawonekedwe
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa omwe ali ndi moyo kuchokera ku nsomba zina zomwe zimaberekanso mwa kuphukira ndi kuthekera kwawo kubala mwachangu, okonzeka kukhala ndi moyo.
Pambuyo umuna, mazira amakhalabe mkati mwa akazi mpaka mluza umapangika mwa aliyense wa iwo. Mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa, chakudya komanso kukula komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chikhodzodzo, mwachangu amayamba chifukwa cha michere yomwe ili mkatikati mwa dzira, lomwe silimalumikizidwa mwanjira iliyonse ndi thupi la mkazi. Chifukwa cha izi, pali tanthauzo lina la nsomba izi - "ovoviviparous."
Funsani viviparous aquarium nsomba chithunzi ndi kufotokozera kumakupatsani mwayi wina wofunikira. Mwanjira: dysmorphism. Uku ndikusiyana kooneka mmaonekedwe a amuna ndi akazi omwe ndi amtundu womwewo. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe a zipse za caudal ndi anal, komanso mtundu. Mwa amuna, ndizowoneka bwino komanso "zokongola", mosiyana ndi zazikazi, zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino motsutsana ndi mbiri yawo.
Chizindikiro china cha amoyo amoyo ndikuwoloka mitundu yawo ndi mawonekedwe a ana achilendo omwe alibe chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho cha kholo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza mitundu yatsopano ya nsomba yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ena ake.
Malamulo Okhatikiza
Dziwe lochita kupanga liyenera kuwunikidwa mwanjira yoti nsomba zamadzulo zizipangika usiku. Ndipo mutha kukongoletsa pansi pamadzi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (driftwood, miyala, grottoes zadothi ndi shards). Kukongoletsa ndikofunikira kuti anthu okhala m'madzi akhale ndi malo okhala kuti asangalale. Komabe, mbewu zamoyo ndizofunikanso. Koma matchuthi awo sayenera kukhala akunyentchera kuti asiyiretu mwayi woyenda ndi ziweto.
Miyeso ya aquarium imasankhidwa kutengera magawo aomwe amakhala ndi moyo, kuchuluka kwawo komanso kuchuluka kwa kupsa mtima. Anthu akuchulukirachulukira “okhala modzikuza” okhala m'deralo, thankiyo ikakhala yayikulu kwambiri imayenera kukhalapo bwino komanso popanda nkhondo. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito kwa amuna, omwe "akufuna mgwirizano", amatha kuvulaza wina ndi mzake.
Munthawi zachilengedwe, ziweto zambiri zam'madzi zimakhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi opanda mphamvu kapena m'madziwe osayenda. Mikhalidwe imodzimodzi imakonzedwanso mu ukapolo, pomwe akupereka mawonekedwe abwino.
Kutentha ndi zina
Zizindikiro za kutentha ziyenera kukhala pamtunda kuchokera + 20 ° С mpaka + 29 ° С. Kuti muwathandizire, muyenera kugula chotenthetsera ndi chowongolera kutentha, mphamvu yake yomwe imasankhidwa potengera kuchuluka kwa aquarium.
Kusefera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa kwa thanki yamanja komanso kumathandizira kuti madzi azikhala bwino.
Nsomba zokhala mu Viviparous aquarium zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chomwe zimatha kukhala ndi moyo osagwirizana ndi nsomba zina. Koma ngakhale anthu olimba mwachilengedwe sangathe kulekerera kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyang'anira zochitika nthawi zonse kuti muthe kuthana ndi vutoli mwachangu ndikuchita zoyenera.
Zakudya
Zakudya za nsomba za viviparous mu aquarium ndizosavuta. Nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza chakudya chomera ndi mapuloteni. Ichi ndi chakudya chokhazikika, chowundana kapena chowuma monga momwe mumakhalira, ma flakes, ndi zina. Nthawi yomweyo, masamba atsopano (zukini, nkhaka) ndi oyenera monga chowonjezera, chomwe chimatsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha ndikumata.
Kudyetsa asodzi okhala ndi nsomba kumachitika 1 nthawi patsiku (achikulire) ndi kanayi patsiku (mwachangu).
Kuswana
Nsomba zam'madzi otchedwa Viviparous mu aquarium zimatha kubereka ana pazaka zapakati pa 3-4. Potere, aliyense wamwamuna m'gululo azikhala akazi awiri kapena atatu, kuti asalole kulimba pakati pawo nthawi yakukhwima.
Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti wamkazi amakhala wokonzekera kutuluka ndi malo amdima pafupi ndi anal fin komanso kukula kwa m'mimba mwake.
Kuphatikiza mazira kumachitika mu utero mothandizidwa ndi anal fin yaimuna, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, mwachangu amabadwa pambuyo pa masiku 25 mpaka 50. Chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufika ma 200 ma PC. Amatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yomweyo ndikudya okha.
Nthawi yomwe kubadwa kumachitika imatha kuyambira 1 - 2 maola angapo kwa masiku angapo. Ndipo makanda akabadwa, makolo awo amatumizidwa ku chidebe china kuti asavulaze mwana wakhanda.
Monga chakudya m'masiku oyamba amoyo, mwachangu amapatsidwa daphnia wosankhidwa, artemia, cyclops. Monga njira yomalizira, mutha kupera pogula masamba owuma kapena ma flakes omwe cholinga chake ndi nsomba zachikulire.
Kwa nyama zazing'ono, zikhalidwe zomwe zimamangidwa ndizofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwapatsa kutentha kwakanthawi ndi madzi, ndikuwunikiranso kuyera kwake.
Malingaliro odziwika
Musanagule aquarium, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi nsomba zam'madzi ziti zomwe zimakhala zowoneka bwino, komanso zomwe zimaberekanso pang'onopang'ono. Kutengera izi, ndikofunikira kupanga "kuchuluka" kwaosungirako nyumba.
Mayina a nsomba za aquarium viviparous, omwe amatchuka pakati pa oyamba kumene komanso akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi, timapereka pansipa.
- Guppy - mtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri wam'madzi okhala ndi nsomba zam'madzi, zotheka kutalika kwa 5, 5 cm. Amadziwika kuti ndi osazindikira komanso mwamtendere, koma sayenera kusungidwa pamodzi ndi olusa komanso "anansi" ankhanza. Kulera guppies mu ukapolo ndikosavuta ngakhale kwa oyamba am'madzi oyenda pansi. Ndipo nthawi yayitali ya nsomba izi ndi zaka 3 - 3,5.
- Swordsman zimadziwika mosavuta ndi njira yayitali ya sphenoid pa caudal fin yaimuna. Mukakhala mu ukapolo, nsomba izi zimatha kukula mpaka 8 - 10 cm. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa aquarium kuyenera kusankhidwa moyenera. Kukula kwazomera zamoyo kuyenera kukhalapo. Koma malo okwanira aulere ayenera kuperekedwa. Ponena za kuyanjana ndi anthu ena okhala pansi pamadzi, mitunduyi yaomwe imakhala yamoyo imakhala bata komanso yowoneka bwino.
- Mollinsia imafika 8 masentimita ndipo imakhala m'magulu a anthu 7 mpaka 10. Mosiyana ndi nkhama zosavutikira, nsomba izi zimafunikira kutentha ndi madzi. Komabe, ena mwa mitundu yawo amakonda kuyatsa kowala ndi madzi amchere. Nsomba zamtundu wamtunduwu zimakhala ndimtendere, chifukwa chake zimatha kusungidwa m'malo omwe mumapezeka anthu wamba okhala ndi "anansi" osapsa mtima. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mollies ndi zaka 3 mpaka 8. Chotetezerachi chikuyenera kuphimbidwa kuti nsomba yogwira isathe kudumphamo.
- Pecilia Akule mpaka 6 cm.Uli bwino kwambiri kwa iwo ndi amuna awiri ndi akazi anayi. Kwa gulu la anthu 6, malo am'madzi okwanira malita 60 ndi oyenera. Tinsomba zazing'onozi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yowala ndi mawonekedwe bata. Zimatha kubereka zonse mu malo okhala pansi pamadzi komanso m'malo opangika apadera.
Ngakhale mtundu wamtunduwu sunakundike kumayiko akunja, zomwe zimapezeka mu nsomba zokhala ndi moyo m'madzi zimatanthauzira kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zina. Uku ndikusintha ndi kusungiramo madzi ndikusunga kutentha kwa ziweto. Kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera kumatsogolera nsomba kumatenda ndikufupikitsa moyo.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa nsomba za viviparous ndi njira yomwe ikukhalira ndi moyo watsopano. Zikatero, mazira sagona m'madzi, ndikukhala mkati mwa mkazi. Mmenemo, mkati mwa mazira, mumakhala ukala, umatsalira mpaka mwana wosabadwayo atamaliza kukula. Zitachitika izi, yamphongo imatuluka m'mazira ndipo njira yobereka imachitika. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zoterezi zimatchedwa ovoviviparous.
Palinso chitukuko china cha mluza, chomwe chimalandira zinthu zofunika osati kuchokera mazira, koma kudzera mu kachitidwe kofanana ndi placenta. Amadziwika kuti plipental viviparous.
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zokhala ndi moyo zimakonda kupita kusukulu. Kwa iwo, ndikofunikira kupereka malo otalika, kuwerengetsa malita 2-5 pa munthu wamkulu. Kukhalapo kwa masamba obiriwira ndizofunikira kuti nthawi zina zazikazi zimabisala kwa abwenzi ake. Kwa kukongola kwa dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi, sizipweteka kupeza magetsi apamwamba.
Mwachilengedwe, nyama zimakhala m'matupi oyenda amadzi kapena ndi njira yofooka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa ziweto mothandizidwa ndi kusefera. Onetsetsani kuti zosefera sizilowerera mwachangu.
Gambusia nsomba
Kutentha kwakukulu kwamadzi mu nsomba zam'madzi zokhala ndi moyo ndi 20-28 degrees Celsius. Kuti mupatse nyama madzi ofunda, muyenera kupeza chotenthetsera ndi chiyambi chokha.
Ponena za kudyetsa, payenera kukhala masamba m'zakudya. Kuti mukule moyenerera ndikukula muyenera chakudya chamagulu, kuphatikiza mitundu yonse yazodyetsa. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera masamba owonongeka. Akuluakulu amadyetsedwa nthawi imodzi patsiku, pamene nyama zazing'ono zimafunikira zakudya zowonjezera, osachepera kasanu.
Kupanda kutero, nsomba zotere ndi zovuta kwambiri. Chachikulu ndichakuti amuna ndi akazi azikhala ochuluka kwambiri (amuna 1 amodzi + akazi angapo) kupatula kupikisana ndewu komanso ndewu. Kusintha kwamadzi kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, kotala la voliyumu limasinthidwa. Komabe, ngati mwini wake achoka, kapena pazifukwa zina sangathe kuchoka, nsomba zimatha kulekerera madzi akale bwino.
Njira zoberekera
Momwe mungasiyanitsire wamwamuna ndi wamkazi:
- Amuna ali ndi gonopodia. Awa ndi ma anal fin, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati gawo limodzi mwa maliseche.
- Zing'onozing'ono kukula,
- Mtundu wawo ndi wowala komanso wokongola.
Izi nsomba ndi zochulukirapo. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amabereka mpaka ana mazana awiri. Pakatha miyezi itatu, kukhwima kumayamba, ndipo nsomba imakhala yokonzeka kukumana. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti atanyamula mazira, si onse mwachangu amabadwa, koma gawo limodzi la mazira. Zotsalazo zimakhalabe m'mimba ndipo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira zimatha kubalanso zazing'ono popanda kuphatikizanso umuna. Chizindikiro chakuti chachikazi chidzabereka posachedwa ndi chakuda pafupi ndi anus.
Choyambirira, makanda amakonda kumtunda kudzaza thovu losambira ndi mpweya. Amakula mwachangu, ndipo amatha kudya chakudya wamba, choponderezedwa kukhala ufa, tsiku lotsatira.
Nsomba zodzipatula ndizochulukirapo. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amabereka mpaka ana mazana awiri.
Kuti muteteze nyama zangobadwa zokhazokha ku nkhanza za akuluakulu, payenera kukhala masamba obiriwira m'madzimo kuti akhale ndi malo obisalira. Muyeneranso kudyetsa ziweto zambiri, kupewa kudya mwachangu.
Nsomba zotchuka zokhala ndi moyo
Pecilian ndi Gambuzievye. Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimakhala kumwera komanso kumpoto kwa America. Chakudya chachikulu ndi mphutsi za ntchentche, udzudzu ndi chakudya china chamoyo. Amakhala ndi utoto wosiyana womwe umawala kuchokera ku maolivi kupita ku buluu ndi siliva wokhala ndi madontho akuda. Kukula kwa thupi ndi 4-7 cm, ndipo chiyembekezo chazaka pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.
Belonesox kapena Sarganoshchuk ndi m'modzi mwa oimira zachilendo am'banja la Pecilian.
Malupanga. Amatha kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi muvi wokweza pam mchira womaliza ngati lupanga. Malo okhala zachilengedwe ndi matupi amadzi a ku Central America. Malupanga amatha kuwoloka ndi pecilia, kupeza ma hybrids okhala ndi mtundu wosasinthika, ndipo, mwina, malupanga awiri mchira.
Molinesia. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi oyamba kumene. Amakopa diso ndi mtundu wawo wowala, popeza mitunduyo imatha kukhala yakuda, burgundy, siliva ndi golide mpaka kambuku.
Wolfera Molliesia
Guppy. Nsomba zodziwika bwino ndi mchira wa fan fan ndi mitundu yowala. Wosazindikira kwambiri komanso wowuma, oswana mwachangu, popanda zofuna zapadera. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zoyambirira zaomwe amangoyamba kumene ndi nkhokwe, zomwe poyamba zimakopa ndi mchira wawo wokongola, wochititsa chidwi ndi mayendedwe osalala.
Guppy tricolor ndi nthumwi yachilendo kwa nsomba za viviparous.
Glossy ameka. Imakhala ndi mtundu wa siliva wokhala ndi mchira wakuda wachikuda ndi mawanga amdima pa thupi la akazi. Kwa amuna akuluakulu, chitsulo chobiriwira chachitsulo chimawoneka pafupi ndi mchira, ndipo pamimba imapeza tint ya lalanje.
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