Beetle wokhala ndi misana yokongola ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso ma tenti agolide, omwe amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse, nthawi zambiri amakhala kachilomboka. Iwo ndi ndani? Ali ndi mayina ambiri: zopumpha, zopopera, kachilomboka. Zina zimabweretsa zabwino kwa olima ndi osamalira dimba, pomwe zina zimawopa kukhala ndi mantha akulu pachitetezo. Ndi mtundu uti wa kachilomboka womwe umakhala wowopsa kumera ndipo ndani amapindula?

Tizilomboti tating'ono - ndi mtundu wanji wa kachilombo ndipo kamawoneka bwanji?

Tizilomboti tating'ono ndi amodzi mwa mabanja akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala kuchokera kumtundu 25,000 mpaka 50,000, malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Pali mabanja angapo osankhika omwe ali ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya tizilombo. M'dziko lathu, pali mitundu yopitilira 3,000 ya mtundu Carabidae (dzina lachi Latin).

Maonekedwe a kachilomboka amasiyanasiyana kutengera ma subspecies. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mitundu itatu ya tizilombo: Crimea (nthaka kachilomboka), golide komanso wamkulu kwambiri m'dziko lathu - Caucasian.

Kupatula utoto, mitundu ya zikumbu ndizovuta kusiyanitsa munthu wopanda nzeru. Kusiyanitsa nthumwi za kachilomboka ndi tizirombo wamba, ndikokwanira kudziwa zingapo zazikulu:

• chikumbu chachikulu - mpaka 10 cm,
• mitundu yakuda yamdima yokhala ndi shele wachitsulo,
• mutu wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi nsagwada zazikulu,
• miyendo ndi yopyapyala, yayitali, yololedwa kuthamanga,
• zazitali zazitali zokhala ndi magawo omwe amatha kusiyanitsa bwino.

Kodi kachilomboka kamakhala kuti?

Kukhazikika kwa zachilengedwe ndi kwakukulu - kuchokera kuzilumba zotentha kupita kumapiri akuya. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa masapulogalamu, nsikidzi zimagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu ina imatha kukhalabe ndi moyo popanda kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kutentha kwambiri.

Ku Russia, kafadala amakhala m'dziko lonselo. Amakonda zigawo za kumtunda, makamaka m'minda ndi m'minda. Pali mitundu yokhala pamitengo. M'malo a mapiri, tizilombo timakonda mapanga ndi ming'alu.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Mitundu yoposa 40,000 ya nsikidzi imadziwika padziko lapansi. Ku Russia kuli mitundu yopitilira 3,000. Amakhala amtundu womwewo, koma amakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo: mtundu, kukula, nthawi zina mawonekedwe.

Monga lamulo, mtundu wa kachilomboka ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi chitsulo chowala. Izi zimawonekera kwambiri padzuwa. Mafunde ochepa amakhala obiriwira, abuluu, golide. Mithunzi yofiira ndi yofiyira siyachilendo.

Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa mafunde achitsulo, mutha kuwona kuti ali ndi mikwingwirima yambiri yopyapyala. Zivuta kuti munthu wopanda nzeru azisiyanitsa kachilomboka, koma mafotokozedwe ena osavuta azithandiza kuzindikira kachilomboka ka kachilomboka ka kachiromboka.

• kachilomboka pansi - kachilombo kakakulu, mitundu payokha imatha kutalika masentimita khumi, thupi ndi lole,
• mukafufuza bwino kachilombo ka kachilomboka, mutha kuwona bwino mutu, kupatulidwa ndi thupi ndi gawo losunthira kwachiberekero, komanso chibwano chachikulu.
• kachilomboka kali ndi miyendo yayitali, yopanga magawo angapo, miyendo yotereyi ndiyabwino kuthamanga pamalo osiyanasiyana, motero sikophweka kugwira tizilombo,
• wautali, wowonekera masentimita angapo kutsogolo kwa masharubu, wokutidwa ndi bristles, masharubu amakhala ngati radar ya pansi,
• miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi mtundu wa matchuthi omwe amagwira ntchito ngati bulashi yotsuka zotsukira.

Tizilomboti topera Ili ndi mapiko olimba, omwe kukula kwake kumatengera malo. M'madera okhala ndi chakudya chokwanira, mapiko samapangidwa bwino, chifukwa palibe chifukwa chopita kutali kukasaka chakudya. Kaŵirikaŵiri mapiko amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba, ndipo monga osafunikira nthawi zambiri amakula limodzi.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya tizilombo ta zitsulo ndikusankha kwanyumba. Amakonda malo okhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kachilomboka pamtunda amapezeka kumwera kwa Russia, Ukraine ndi Moldova.

Mitundu ya kachilomboka

Ku Russia, mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ingatchulidwe motetezeka Caucasian pansi kachilomboka. Amakhala kumadera akumpoto kwa Caucasus, makamaka m'malo okhala mapiri. Koma mutha kukumana nawo ku Krasnodar Territory. Osawopa phokoso losamveka mukakhala m'mundamo ndi kapu ya tiyi m'manja.

Tizilomboti tinkapumira masana, ndipo dzuwa litayamba kuthamangira kunkhondo. Usiku, nsikidzi zimayambitsa zochitika zawo, zimayamba kusaka mphutsi ndi midges yaying'ono, ndipo osanyoza mphutsi. Malo okondedwa a kachilomboka pansi ndi minda ndi malo osungira komwe mungathe kusaka mwakachetechete ndipo palibe chakudya.

Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono ta Caucasus titha kuzindikira poyamba ndi mtundu wake wonyezimira, nthawi zina utoto ndi utoto. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kachilombo kameneka kamalembedwera mu Red Book of the Russian Federation ngati kakuchepa kwambiri. Kalelo m'zaka za zana la 19, asayansi anali kufunafuna mwakhama nsikidzi zokongola kuti zibwezeretsenso ndalama zawo kapena kuzigulitsa kwa anzawo ochepa opambana osati ku Russia komanso kumayiko ena.

Kupambana kosowa kudzapeza mtundu wina wa kachilomboka - Crimea. Dzina lake limadzilankhulira lokha. Mutha kuzipeza m'chigawo cha Crimea, makamaka kumwera chakumadzulo. Komabe, chikhumbo chimodzi chokhala ndi kachilombo sikokwanira. Muyenera kukhala ndi chipiriro komanso nyali yamphamvu, chifukwa kachilomboka ndi kosakhalitsa usiku, ndipo kumangosaka dzuwa litalowa.

Kachilomboka - cholakwika ndi chachikulu. Milandu idalembedwa pomwe kutalika kwa thupi lake kudafika masentimita 6. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso talente yosaka, kachilomboka ndi mdani wowopsa osati tizilombo tating'ono, komanso abuluzi ang'onoang'ono. Amakonda nkhono za mphesa, ndiye kuti mutha kumakumana naye, kuphatikiza pafupi ndi madzi, m'mavala ang'onoang'ono.

Chenjezo! Chikumbu chamtunduwu chimakhala chowopsa kwa anthu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kumbuyo kwa thupi pafupi ndi kachilomboka ka Crimea pali tiziwalo timene timakhala timene timakhala ndi madzi amadzimadzi. Izi sizoyipa, koma kapangidwe kamadzimadzi ndikufuna kuthana ndi adani. Khungubwe limafufutira madziwo popita kuopseza.

Kutalika kwa kuwombera kumatha kufika mamita awiri ndipo kumatha kufika mosavuta, mwachitsanzo, pamaso. Izi zikachitika, muzimutsuka m'maso kapena malo ena aliwonse omwe akhudzidwa ndi madzi ambiri ndikupempha thandizo kuchipatala. Kubwezerani cholakwika sikuyenera. Tambala kachilomboka kali m'Buku Lofiira ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.

Tizilomboti topera - ambiri oimira a mtundu wake. Dzinalo lonse ndi fungo lonunkhira. Kukula kwake kwapakati kumasiyana masentimita atatu mpaka 4. Thupi la kachiromboka, monga mnzake, limakhala ndi sheen wachitsulo, koma mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, limakhala ndi utoto wokongola.

Nthawi zambiri izi ndizithunzi zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimapinda mkati mwa golide ndi mkuwa. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zowuma, m'mapaki ndi m'minda, momwe muli chinyezi komanso kokwanira chifukwa cha magulu agulugufe ndi mbozi zomwe zimakhala kumeneko. Ndi pa iwo pomwe bug wokongola amasaka usiku wamdima.

Nthawi zambiri, mutha kukumana ndi kukongola m'nkhalango za mayiko aku Europe, ku Moldova, Belarus, Georgia, ndi mayiko angapo ku Central Asia. Tizilomboti tophuka - tizilombo osowa, olembedwa mu Red Book osati Russia komanso Europe.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya kafadala amatengedwa:

Ndizilombo zamtunduwu zomwe ndizofala kwambiri kumadera onse a Russia.

Moyo & Habitat

Mitundu yonse kafadala ndimaona tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zambiri, amadzipangira tokha nyumba pansi pa miyala, pakati pa mizu yamitengo, pakati pa masamba ndi nthangala za udzu. Pali mitundu yochepa chabe ya tizilombo tomwe timatha kumanga nyumba zawo pamitengo, kenako yotsika, kutalika kwake mpaka mamita awiri.

Ngakhale kuti kafadala ndi wadyera, iwo enieni amatha kulandidwa ndi mbalame, motero amakonza pobisalira pamakungwa a makungwa kapena pakati pa nthambi. Zofunikira zazikulu pakukhala ndi chinyezi kwambiri, kutentha kosasunthika ndi mthunzi wandiweyani.

Kupenda kwaposachedwa kwa nsikidzi kumatsimikizira asayansi kuti kafadala khalani m'mabanja angapo. Magulu ang'onoang'ono a tizilombo timawalola kusaka bwino nyama zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, abuluzi ang'ono.

Khalidwe la kafadala makamaka usiku. Usiku, onse ogwira ntchito m'banjamo amasaka, ndipo kunyezimira koyambirira kwa dzuwa kumapita mumthunzi mpaka madzulo. Oimira ena kafadala amakonda kukhala otakataka masana ndi "kupumula" pogona pawo usiku.

Ndi nyengo yozizira, pafupifupi pakati pa Okutobala, kafadala amatumphukira pansi, ndikugwetsedwa, kuti poyambanso masiku otentha oyambira athe kupitiriza moyo wawo.

Phindu ndi kuvulaza kwa kafadala wa pansi

Tizilomboti topera ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: yoyipa komanso yopindulitsa. Imodzi mwa mitundu yoopsa ndi nthaka yanthaka. Ndili m'gulu lotchedwa nsikidzi zakupha.

Koma poyizoni sazindikira tanthauzo la mawu. Poizoni wake ndi mankhwala a caustic omwe sangathe kupha munthu, koma amatha kuyambitsa machitidwe osakanikirana ndi zotupa ndi edema. Kuwotchera poizoni kumatha kukhala pakhungu kwa masiku atatu.

Tizilombo ta mkate tating'onoting'ono timatha kuwononga mbewu, kuwononga ziwiya zapakhomo ndi mipando. Chifukwa cha nsagwada zake zamphamvu, kachilomboka kakugaya zinthu zolimba kwambiri. Tizilomboti timawononga kwambiri mbewu monga chimanga, zofunkha zomwe zimayikiridwa ndi dothi la masamba, ndipo zimafikira mosavuta masamba ndi zipatso zamabulosi.

Tizilomboti tating'ono timakhala tulo usiku, pomwepo tchuthi, pomwe mwini wake wagona, amatha kukwera m'matumba a mitengo, ndikupanga mabowo mkati mwake. Amadzilola okha kukwera patebulo pofunafuna zinyenyeswazi za chakudya, mopanda mantha, amatha kukwawa kupita kwa munthu.

Ngati kachilomboka ngati kamapezeka m'nyumba - ndipo mutha kuzindikira ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda - ndikofunika kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo. Kuwononga tizilombo, zida zamakono zamankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zitha kugulidwa ku malo aliwonse ophera tizilombo. Ngati kulimbana ndi kachilomboka sikunayambike nthawi, chiwerengero chake chimatha kukula kwambiri, kenako kuthana ndi omwe sanapemphedwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Koma palinso mfundo zabwino. Mitundu ina ya kafadala imalondera mundawo. Izi ndi zokongola, kachilomboka pansi pa Crimea ndi "nyalugwe". Chakudya chomwe mumakonda kwambiri kachilomboka ndi nkhono ya mphesa. Tizilombo timeneti timayambitsa mavuto osasinthika a mbewu zamphesa ndi zipatso, zofunkha zipatso, zimachepetsa mizu yomwe singathe kubwezeretsanso mbewuyo ikafa.

Beauticians ali okondwa kuwona okhalamo chilimwe ndi olima dimba pamalo awo. Chifukwa cha luso lanyama la kachilomboka, minda yamaluwa ndi mbewu sizabwino. Tizilombo timeneti timawononga mitundu yonse ya chrysalis yoyipa ndi mphutsi za tizilombo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mphutsi zapansi ndi osaka.

Chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo, sangathe kuwononga tizilombo tambiri, koma amalimbana ndi ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi bang. Chosangalatsa china ndi kachilomboka. Amatchedwa dzina chifukwa mapangidwe ake a chibwano chake chimafanana ndi kamwa yamkango yokhala ndi mbewa zazikulu zazikulu.

Ndi iwo, amaphwanya gawo lake. Tizilombo tomwe timapezeka mchisa cha kachilomboka timatsala pang'ono kufa. Tizilombo timakhala mu udzu komanso pakati pamaudzu padziko lapansi. Amakhala akusakasaka chakudya nthawi zonse, mukachiwona patsamba lanu, mumatha kukhala chete osatetezeka.

Pansi kachilomboka

Musanayambe nkhondo ndi tizilombo, ndikofunikira kufotokozera Kodi kachilomboka kamakhala pati?Buku Lofiyira. Kupatula apo, mitundu ina imatetezedwa ndipo kutha kwake kumatha kubweretsa zovuta. Mphepo zazikuluzikulu za kachilomboka ndizosowa kwa Crimea, koma zimatha kukhazikika m'malo aliwonse abwino. Ndikofunikira kufananizira kachilombo komwe kanapezeka ndi kachilomboka pamtunduwu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti "ndikusweka" komwe kuli.

Kuwononga tizilombo sikophweka. Ndikofunikira kutenga nkhaniyi ndi kupirira konse ndikupereka chithandizo cha mankhwala kawiri mpaka katatu. Kenako, kamodzi pamwezi, chitanipo kanthu kuti muchepetse mphutsi zotsala pambuyo kukonza.

Kuwononga kachikumbu, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Mankhwala, ndibwino kugula dichlorvos ndi karbofos ndikugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi ndi yankho la ammonia kapena viniga.

Viniga ndi ammonia zimasungunuka m'madzi m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 2. Musanayambe kukonza dimba kapena dimba, muyenera kusamalira chitetezo chanu. Mukufunika kugula:

• chopumira
• magulovesi apansi,
• magalasi apulasitiki okhala ndi manja akulu
• zovala zapadera kapena zomwe sizingakhale zomvera chisoni pambuyo pake.

Pambuyo poyeretsa, zida zonse zodzitetezera ziyenera kutsukidwa m'madzi oyenda, zouma ndikuzichotsera pakona patali, kapena kutayidwa. Ngati nkhondo yolimbana ndi tizilombo itukuka mnyumba yanyumba, ndibwino kuyamba ndi kukonza chakudya.

Ndikwabwino kuzindikira chimanga mu uvuni pamtunda wochepera madigiri 75 ndikuyika mbale zolowa. Kapena mungayang'anire pakuwombera kwambiri. Makabati onse, mashelufu mu ma pantry ndi ma boardboard amathandizidwa ndi yankho la viniga.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ammonia kapena mankhwala agengents muzipinda zomwe muli mpweya wabwino. Asanapangidwe, onse am'banja ndi nyama ayenera kutumizidwa kunyumba.

Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko chokwanira cha kachilomboka pamtunda sayenera kugontha. Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, ndizosatheka kuwononga tizilomboto nthawi imodzi. Tsatirani malangizo osavuta:

• mutagula zinthu, makamaka zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana malonda kuti awononge,
• Lambulani nthawi zonse ndi viniga, kusesa ndi kusambitsa ngodya zonse, makamaka m'zipinda zamdima,
• sungani mbewu monga chimanga
• nthawi zina amagwira ntchito yamatabwa yamatabwa, tizirombo timatha kukhazikika pakati pa matabwa.

Mukayamba ndewu ndi kachilomboka, kachilomboka, osapitirira. Ndikofunika kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndi gawo lofunikira mu chakudya. Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa tizirombo sikungakhudze osati mbewu zokha, komanso nyama zazikulu ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya nsikidzi.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Mapiko kachilomboka pansi banja lalikulu limasiyana motere:

1. kukula,
2. kapangidwe kakunja
3. mawonekedwe,
4. utoto
5. hetotaxia - malo a bristles,
6. maliseche.

Tizilomboti topera Ili ndi mayina ena: wamba, dimba, nkhalango. Zingwe zimayambira kutalika kochepa kwambiri kwa 1 mm mpaka kupitirira masentimita 10. Maonekedwe a thupi amakhalanso osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi mandala a biconvex kapena oboola masamba, ali ndi mtundu wautali kapena wowonda.

Malo ake ndi osalala, owaza kapena opindika. Mitundu ya mphanga imawoneka ngati nyerere, yoyimiriridwa ndi thupi la convex yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka kumbuyo ndi mutu waukulu.

Tizilomboti topera

Mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'mchenga wamchenga, mawonekedwe ake ozungulira amafanana ndi ladybug.

Kugonana kwa kachiromboka kungatsimikizidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi malo omwe ali pachiwonetsero. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi. Mutu wolocha pang'ono pachifuwa kapena m'maso umayang'ana kutsogolo, ukutha ndi nsagwada yolimba, yolowera m'munsi komanso kumbuyo.

Kapangidwe kake kamatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa chakudya. Zinyama zambiri zomwe zimadya nyama zambiri zimadziwika ndi nsagwada yayitali kumtundu wa chikwakwa (chovomerezeka), chomwe chimagwira nyama mwamphamvu. Herbivores wokhala ndi nsagwada zazikulu komanso zowoneka bwino amazisintha kuti zikome mbewuzo.

Makulidwe osiyanasiyana amaso, kuyambira akulu masana kapena nthumwi zamadzulo, mpaka kuchepetsedwa kwamitundu yamitundu yamitundu. Mitundu yambiri yamapanga ndi dothi ndi yayikulu kukula.Whiskey yotukuka imadziwika.

Hafu yakutsogolo ya mphumi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe: poyambira poyambira, lalifupi - lalifupi. Chiwalo chomvera chimakhala pakati kapena pansi pa chin.

Ndevu zazigawo ndi setie imodzi kapena zingapo zazitali. Mwa amuna, tinyanga timatalika. Bokosi likuyimiridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wake wopapatiza umalimbikitsa kusuntha kwabwino. Mitundu yokumba imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wopangidwa ndi thupi.

Tizilomboto tambiri timawuluka bwino kapena simauluka konse ayi; Mukuwuluka - kolimba elytra pafupifupi imakuta pamimba. Elytra wophatikizika kapena wosapezeka mu mitundu ina nthawi zina amakula limodzi.

Miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala yokhala ndi miyendo isanu-yophatikizika imakhala yoyenera kuthamanga ndikuyenda. Kuyenda kwa Agile kumalumikizidwa ndi katundu wofowoka kapena kutayika kwa kuthawa. Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi akazi m'magawo ochulukitsidwa.

Pokumba oyimira, amakhala othandiza kwambiri. Tibia yakutsogolo ili ndi tulo - chida choyeretsa tinyanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la bulawu, kachikumbu kamalumikizana bwino ndi gawo lapansi ndikakulunga mozungulira mbewuyo.

Mtundu wa tizilombo timasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa mitundu yakuda. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala utoto wa utawaleza komanso mthunzi wachitsulo. Oyimira utoto owoneka bwino kwambiri akuphatikizapo wamkulu - Caucasian pansi kachilombokakufika kutalika mpaka 6 cm.

Wokhala ku North Caucasus akuphatikizidwa motsogozedwa ndi Red Book of Russia. Thupi lamtundu wabuluu la kachilomboka limatha kukhala lofiirira kapena labwinobwino ndi utoto wachitsulo wam'munsi.

Oimira banja ali ndi mapangidwe odabwitsa achilengedwe ndipo amagawidwa kulikonse kuchokera ku tundra lozizira kupita kunkhalango zotentha ndi zipululu. Kuphatikiza pa Russia, amatha kupezeka ku Ukraine, Moldova, England, Sweden, South America ndi North Africa.

Amakhala makamaka kumtunda kapena pa iyo, nthawi zina pamitengo. Amakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri, otentha pang'ono.

Caucasian pansi kachilomboka

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Beetles amapezeka njira yamoyo yapadziko lapansi. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya banja. Nyumbayo ili m'madera ang'onoang'ono pansi pamiyala, pansi pa zitsamba ndi udzu. Mitundu yocheperako yokha ndiyomwe imakonda kukhazikika pachitsamba ndi mitengo.

Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku za kachilomboka zimagawa mitundu itatu:

Tizilombo tambiri timakhala mozungulira momwe timasakira chakudya. Chifukwa cha miyendo yamphamvu komanso yolimba, amayenda mwachangu pamtunda wawutali, komwe adalandira mayina - oyenda komanso othamanga.

Nthawi yamasana imakhala kwathunthu pogona pawo. M'nyengo yozizira, kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, nyengo yamapeto imayambira pansi mpaka kumapeto. Ndikusintha kwa kutentha, amadzuka ndikupitiliza ntchito yofunika.

Nickname Bombardier Beetle Kachilomboka ndinalandira chifukwa chamadzi oteteza ku gland. Amuponyera mdaniyo, poona zoopsa komanso chizunzo.

Wosakaniza ndi poyizoni wakupha, akamamasulidwa, amafika pamoto wotentha ndikuphulika ndikumveka kwambiri, mwadzidzidzi nkuphwera ngati mtambo. Chinyama chakuwopsa chomwe chikuwotcha kumawuluka. Mtengo wa reagents ndi wokwanira ma 15-35 volleys.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Pakati pa banja la tizilombo, pali mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yosakanikirana yazakudya yomwe imadya zonse zomera komanso nyama.
Mtundu wa kafadala amadya:

• tizilombo
• ngale
• mbozi
• nkhono za mphesa
• nyansi
• phytophages,
• chomera zakudya.

Nyamayi imangodikirira nyama yake pobisalira kapena kuigwira mwachangu mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yayitali yayitali. Chifukwa cha chimbudzi cham'mimba, chimagwira ndi zibwano zamphamvu, ndikutsanulira chinsinsi kuchokera m'matumbo apakati kuti muchepetse minofu yolimba.

Chophimba chilichonse chonyansa chimabwereka mosavuta ku nsagwada zamphamvu. Njira ya mayamwidwe ndi chimbudzi zimadutsa mwachangu kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 maola, ndikusanduka madzi oterera. Pakudya nkhono, imakata m'maso mwake, ndikusiya nyumba yake. Tizilombo tating'ono timakhala pansi masiku angapo.

Herbivorous kachilomboka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'minda, momwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri. Amakonda mbewu za tirigu, barele ndi rye. Usiku amakhala m'makutu ndikudya mbewu.

Mukakolola, imangoyang'ana kwambiri kumadera omwe ali ndi mbewu zowazidwa. Amagwiritsanso ntchito maudzu, kupukutira masamba ang'onoang'ono ndikusiya makola. Ndi zosangalatsa zimakonda timadzi tokoma ndi mungu m'maluwa.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Tizilomboti topera amatanthauza kachikumbu ka nthawi yayitali - kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 5. Nthawi yamoyo wa kachilomboka imayenda pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pa dzira kupita ku mphutsi, pupa ndi imago. Nyengo ya kuswana imayamba itatha nyengo yamasamba oswana, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika m'mwezi wa Epulo.

Tizilomboti topera

Kuyika mazira 50-80 m'modzi, mkazi m'modzi amayenda m'nthaka mozama masentimita 3. Chifukwa cha izi, amasankha malo onyowa ndi dothi labwino. Zipilala zolemera mpaka 160 mg ndi kutalika kwa 2 cm zimawonekera pambuyo masiku 13-14.

Ali ndi miyendo 6 yayifupi yoboola pakati. Mtundu wao woyera pambuyo pa maola 10 umakhala wakuda kwambiri. Nsagwada za nyama zolusa zazing'ono, pambuyo pa maola 40 kuchokera pakubadwa, ali kale ndi mphamvu yodya nyama zodula. Kutsatira zolimba kwa womuzunzidwayo, ngakhale atakhala mwamphamvu komanso kubisalira ntchofu ndi chithovu, amagwirizana ndi nthaka ndikudya.

Kukula kwa mphutsi kumatha kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Gawo lotsatira limachitika - ana, omwe amakhala masiku 15-25. Thupi lamaliseche la pupa limafanana ndi kachilomboka wamkulu.

Mbali yodziwika ndi misala ya seat yotulutsa kumbuyo ndi mbali ina yam'mimba. Pupa amapezeka kawirikawiri mumakina opangidwa ndi dothi kapena gawo lapansi.

M'nyengo yozizira, imalowa munthu wamkulu ndikutalika kwa zaka 2-3. Kuwoneka koyamba kwa achinyamata kumatengera nyengo yam'masiku ndipo kumachitika mu Meyi-June. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa kucha kwa mbewu yambewu.

Maonekedwe ochulukirapo amatha kuwoneka m'mawonekedwe a mkaka wa nthawi yachisanu. Mu Ogasiti, imagwera diapause - kuyimitsidwa kwa mapangidwe, ndikuboweka pansi mpaka 40 cm.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi kachilomboka

Zoyipa kachilomboka pansi momwe mungachotsere kuchokera kwa wolusa mwachinyengo - nkhaniyi ndiyothandiza pakati pa alimi ambiri ndi olima dimba. Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo kumabweretsa zovuta osati kumadera a ulimi, komanso ku nyumba momwe kafadala kachisangalalo kamalowa.

Njira yolumikizidwa ndi njira zaulimi ndi mankhwala, kukolola mwachangu popanda kutayira tirigu kumathandizira kutetezedwa kwakukulu ku tizilombo.

Chikumbu chakuda kunyumba - osati pafupipafupi komanso chosasangalatsa. Kukhala kwawo m'chipindacho sikutali chifukwa cha chakudya chosakwanira. Komabe, amatha kupatsira zipinda zonse ndi mphutsi. Zomwe zikuwoneka pofalitsa kachilombo ka njuchi ndi izi:

• zopangidwa ndi zakudya: ufa, chimanga, mbatata, ndi zina zambiri,
• chakudya,
• zinyalala,
• nkhuni,
• nkhuni zakale.

Kuchita pompopompo kuthetsa tizilombo kudzakuthandizani kuti magawo akuluakulu agawidwe. Polimbana ndi nsikidzi, njira zothandiza ndi:

• kuyeretsa kwathunthu posaka malo awo,
• padziko mankhwala ndi yankho la soda kapena viniga
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo,
• ukonde woteteza pazenera.

Ndikofunikanso kuwunika momwe chitetezo cha zinthu zili motsekedwa. Mitundu yambiri ya kachilomboka pansi imafika pagulu lalikulu ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri mwachilengedwe ndi anthropogenic ecosystem. Tizilombo tiziwonetse zachilengedwe komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zoipitsidwa ndi anthu.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Tizilombo tina tating'ono (Carabidae) - banja la kafadala, tizilombo tokhala m'makalasi, monga arthropod, kafadala kachilomboka. Dzina la nsikidzi limachokera ku mawu oti "buzz". Akatswiri am'mimba amadziwa mitundu 40,000 ya kachilomboka, ndipo ku Russia kokha ndi komwe kumatha kuonedwa mitundu 3000. Onsewa ndi amtundu womwewo, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi kusiyana pakati pawo: kukula, mtundu, komanso mawonekedwe.

Kanema: kachilomboka pansi

Tizilombo ta utoto, monga lamulo, timakhala ndi utoto wakuda, nthawi zina timakhala ndi chitsulo chowoneka bwino chobiriwira, buluu ndi golide. Nthawi zina, mutha kupeza mithunzi yofiira komanso yofiyira. Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa tint yachitsulo, mutha kuwona mizere yochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilomboka kosiyanasiyana kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 10 cm.

Mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ya kachilomboka:

• pansi kachilomboka Caucasian. Imakhala makamaka kumpoto kwa Caucasus, koma imakonda kupezeka ku Krasnodar Territory. Tizilombo ta Caucasian pamakhala mtundu wowala bwino, nthawi zina utoto kapena utoto. Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya nyama chikucheperachepera, chifukwa chomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia,
• Chingwe cha kachilomboka. Mitunduyi imangopezeka pagawo la Crimea ndipo imagwira ntchito usiku. Tumbuyu ndi wamkulu kwambiri - kutalika kwa thupi lake nthawi zambiri kumafika masentimita 6.

Chochititsa chidwi: Kumbuyo kwa thupilo, kachilomboka pansi pa Crimea kamakhala ndi zotupa zokhala ndi mafinya, koma osakhala ndi poizoni, pomwe "amawombera" kwa adani ake mpaka mita 2.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi kachilomboka kamaoneka bwanji?

Mutu wa mitundu yonse ya kafadala wa pansi ndi wocheperako ndipo nthawi zambiri umawongoleredwa patsogolo. Pa iye pali zida zodonongera pakamwa zokhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndi zowopsa. Mawonekedwe a nsagwada amatha kukhala osiyana ndipo zimatengera zakudya zomwe amakonda.

Mwachitsanzo, nyama zodya nyama zokhala ndi zikwakwa zimakhala zazitali kwambiri zomwe amazigwira ndikugwira zolimba. Tizilomboti tachikulu pansi timadziwika ndi nsagwada zazikulu komanso zosamveka bwino, zomwe ndizoyenera kupukuta ngati chomera.

Kukula kwa maso a kachilombo ka pansi kumatengera moyo wawo: pakukula ndi mitundu yamakango ali ochepa kwambiri, osadziwika, mitundu yausiku - yayikulu, yamadzulo ndi mitundu yamasana maso awo ndi akulu. Tizilombo ta kachilomboka nthawi zambiri timakhala tating'ono, timagulu khumi ndi limodzi.

Maonekedwe a thupilo ndi ambiri, owonjeza pang'ono, koma palinso mitundu ina.

• mozungulira, biconvex,
• wopangidwa ndi masamba
• khalani ndi mawonekedwe ndi mutu waukulu, wofanana ndi nyerere,
• ozungulira, mbali imodzi mbali,
• tsinde.

Tizilombo tating'ono, tofanana ndi tizilombo tonse, tili ndi miyendo 6, yopanga magawo asanu. Mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito awo zimatengera njira yoyendera. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yokumba imadziwika ndi miyendo yayifupi komanso yayitali ndi mano akuthwa, ndipo kwa ena onse, yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pamunsi pa phazi lililonse pali mbewa yapadera yomwe kafadala amayeretsa anawo.

Mapiko a zikumbu za pansi amatha kukhala osiyana ngakhale kwa oimira amtundu womwewo: wamfupi kapena wautali, wopangidwa bwino kapena ayi. Ma elytra a kachilomboka ndi olimba, amatha kukhala ochepa ngakhale kapena ophimbidwa ndi ma grooves kapena bulges a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. M'mitundu yopanda mapiko, elytra imamera limodzi ndikupanga malo olimba.

Kugonana kwa dimorphism pansi kafadala kumatchulidwa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zazimayi nthawi zonse zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zazimuna. Komanso, amuna, abala ndi zingwe zazitali zimakulitsidwa ndipo zimadziwika kwambiri. Mitundu ya kachilomboka ikhoza kukhala yosiyana, koma yokhala ndi ma toni akuda kwambiri, komanso ngati utoto wazitsulo ndi utawaleza. Mitundu ya kachilomboka pansi yomwe imakhala pazomera komanso pafupi ndi matupi amadzi nthawi zambiri imakhala yowala: buluu, zobiriwira, komanso utoto.

Tsopano mukudziwa kuti kachilomboka kamaoneka bwanji. Tiyeni tiwone komwe kachumbu aka amakhala.

Kodi kachilomboka kamadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: kachilomboka kosaka pansi pake

Monga mukudziwa, kafadala ka kachilomboka kamakhala m'minda, m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, m'minda ya anthu, m'minda, mwazambiri, komwe kuli zolengedwa zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayendetsa, kukwawa kapena kuuluka. Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono timakonda chakudya: nkhono, mavu, mphutsi za tizilombo tina, mbozi, nsabwe za m'masamba.

Chifukwa cha "menyu" awa, kachilomboka pamtunda amalemekezedwa ndi alimi, chifukwa amathandizira kwambiri pankhondo yolimbana ndi tizirombo. Mfundo yosaka pakati pa kafadala ndi yosavuta. Tizilomboti titaona nyama yake ndipo tili okonzeka kuigwira, timadzi tomwe timagwira ngati ziwalo timatulutsa taya. Chikumbuchi chimwaza nyama yake ndi madzi, ndikudikirira, ndikuyamba kudya.

Kuphatikizika kwa madzimadzi amenewa kumakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangisa kuti minofuyo ikhale yofewa komanso yosinthira. Tizilomboti timayamwa gululi ndipo limabwereranso kumalo osungirako masiku angapo - kupukusa chakudya ndikupuma. Pakupita masiku angapo, kachilomboka kakuchoka kwawo ndikuyambanso kusaka.

Pakati pa kachilomboka pamakhala mitundu ya nyama zomwe zimadya, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya, komanso mitundu yazinyama. Mwa zina zomaliza, zowopsa kwambiri pamazomera ndi ena mwa omwe ali amtundu wa Zabrus - kafadala ka mkate. Amadyetsa kwambiri mbewu zamphesa zamphesa: rye, tirigu, barele, oats, chimanga, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto osagwirizana ndi ulimi.

Mphutsi zamtundu wanthaka nthawi zambiri zimadyetsa chimodzimodzi monga akulu, kupatula mitundu yochepa. Mu mphutsi, parasitization pa mphutsi za tizilombo tina ndizofala kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: kachilomboka pansi

Mitundu yambiri ya kachilomboka pansi imakhala moyo wapadziko lapansi, amakonda masamba owola kapena udzu wouma wa chaka chatha. Komabe, pamakhalanso tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono tokhala pamizere, dothi kapena parasitic.

Nthawi zambiri, kafadala amakonza zogona pakati pa masamba omwe adagwa, pansi pa miyala, pamizu yamitengo, mu udzu. Mitundu ina imakhala pamitengo yamitengo mpaka atatu kutalika. Zofunikira kwambiri malo awo okhala ndi kutentha kwokhazikika, chinyezi chambiri, komanso mthunzi.

Malinga ndi zomwe asayansi apeza posachedwa, kafadala amatengedwa ngati tizilombo tokhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amawalola kuti azitha kusaka osati tizilombo tokha, komanso nyama zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, abuluzi ang'ono.

Tizilombo ta nthata tambiri nthawi zambiri timakhala tchuthi, ngakhale kuli mitundu ya masana yokha. Kutayamba kwamdima, mamembala onse a banja laling'ono amapita kukasaka, ndipo m'mamawa, ngakhale mbandakucha, aliyense amabisala pamthunzi.

Ndi nthawi yophukira, pakati panjira zimakhala pakati pa Okutobala, pomwe kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kochepa, kafadala pansi amakumba pansi mpaka theka la mita ndikugwera pansi. Kuzungulira pakati pa Marichi kapena pang'ono, kutengera nyengo, kachilomboka kakufika pansi ndikupitilizabe moyo wawo.

Kutalika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilomboka kosiyanasiyana ndi kosiyana, ndipo kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, pali kafadala kamene kamakhala chaka chimodzi chokha ndipo kamangopatsa m'badwo umodzi wokha wa ana m'moyo wawo wamfupi. Palinso mitundu yomwe imakhala zaka 2-5 kapena kupitirira.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Pansi kachikumbu

Kubadwanso mu kachilomboka ka kachikumbu kosambira kumayamba ali ndi zaka 9-12 miyezi.

Akatswiri am'magulu amasiyanitsa mitundu yotsatila ya kafadala wa pachaka:

• nyengo yakukhwima imachitika mchaka (Kukula kwa mphutsi kumachitika mchilimwe, ndipo nthawi yozizira tizilombo timadzisilira tulo tambiri),
• nyengo yakukhwima imachitika mchilimwe kapena nthawi yophukira (mphutsi zimabisala, palibe malo otentha nthawi yachilimwe),
• nyengo yakukhwima imapezeka nthawi yotentha kapena yophukira (mphutsi zotere, pamakhala nthawi yozizira),
• nyengo yosinthanitsa (kuswana kungakhale nthawi iliyonse pachaka, mphutsi ndi kachilomboka akuluakulu nthawi yachisanu)
• nyengo yakukhwima ndi chitukuko zimatenga zoposa chaka.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mitundu ina ya kafadala wa m'nthaka yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha komanso imabereka kawiri pachaka.

Tizilombo ta nthata tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi kusinthika kwathunthu, ndiko kuti, pakukula kwawo, amadutsa magawo anayi: dzira, mphutsi, pupa, ndi wamkulu. Pakatikati, nyengo yakukhwima mu kafadala pansi imayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Akakhwima, wamkazi amapangika pakuya kwa masentimita 3-5.Clutch imodzi imatha kukhala ndi mazira 20-80. Malo omangapo azikhala amdima, otentha komanso otentha. Dothi liyenera kukhala lambiri mu humus.

Mumtundu wa kachilomboka pansi, komwe kamadziwika ndi kusamalira ana, mazira mu clutch ndi ochepa komanso akuluakulu, mitundu ina mazira ndi ochepa, koma amakhala ochulukirapo nthawi zambiri. Mawonekedwe, mazira amatha kukhala ngati mawonekedwe owulungika kapena ozunguliridwa kumapeto kwa cylindoli ndi woonda wotumbulika chikasu kapena chipolopolo choyera, momwe mphutsi zimatha kuwonekera kumapeto kwa makulidwe.

M'mitundu yambiri ya kafadala, kusamalira ana kumakhala kusankha malo abwino kwambiri oti angaikire mazira, komabe, pali mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu kachilomboka pansi ka Pterostichini, wamkazi amateteza kachilomboka kufikira pomwe mphutsi zimaswa, kuziteteza kuti zisawonongeke ndi kafadala komanso kachilombo koyambitsa matenda.

Ku Madagascar pansi kachilomboka Scartini, wamkazi amateteza mazira nthawi yonse ya makulidwe, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali amakhala ndi mphutsi, kuzidyetsa ndi mbozi ndi nyongolotsi. Ku Harpalini pansi kafadala ,ikazi imayala chipinda chocheperako ndi mbewu zina, zomwe zimadyedwa ndi mphutsi zosaswa.

Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono ta kachilomboka timakhala ndi thupi lalitali (mpaka 2cm kutalika) ndi mutu waukulu, pakamwa lalikulu, m'mimba, komanso m'mizere yochepa. Amadyetsa, monga lamulo, chimodzimodzi monga nsikidzi zachikulire. Mukukula, mavuvu molt katatu. Pupae wa kafadala wa pansi ndi maliseche, wopanda chipolopolo, wokumbutsa anthu akuluakulu. Zimagona mu dessert yopangidwa m'nthaka, mitundu ina imakhazikika pakhungu. Gawo la ana ambiri limatha masiku 7-12.

Adani achilengedwe a kafadala

Chithunzi: Tizilomboto tating'onoting'ono

Amadziwika kuti kachilomboka pamadyanso tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'minda ndi m'minda yamasamba, ndi mphutsi, kuwaletsa kuchulukana mwachangu ndipo potero amabweretsa zabwino zambiri. Chifukwa chake ngati pali kachilomboka m'munda, musamuwononge chifukwa phindu lake ndilopindulitsa. Akuti, pafupifupi, kachilomboka m'modzi wamkulu pa nyengo ikhoza kuwononga mbozi, mphutsi, ndi mphutsi. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yambiri ya kachilomboka ndiyotsogozana kwa nkhalango, minda, minda ndi minda.

Ngakhale kuti mitundu yambiri ya kachilomboka pansi ndi tizilombo tambiri, kafadala, mazira ndi mphutsi, sikuti amadana ndi mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, nyerere, komanso mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zazing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu. Komanso, kachilomboka nkakonda kudya ma hedgehogs, badger, ndipo mu taiga ngakhale nyama zazikulu ngati zimbalangondo ndi nkhumba zakuthengo sizinyansanso nsikidzi.

Ndizachilendo kuti nyerere zimakonda kukwera m'zipinda zodyera za kachilomboka ndikutenga mazira awo kapena amoyo kapena mphutsi kuchokera pamenepo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina sizingakokere kachilomboka wakufa pachabe. Nyerere sizigwira nsikidzi zamoyo, popeza izi zimatha kukhala chakudya chawo. Kupatula apo, kafadala pansi amapopera madzi ndi madzi omwe amawasanduliza amoyo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi kachilomboka kamaoneka bwanji?

Tizilombo ta nthata ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la kachilomboka, komwe malinga ndi akatswiri ena akatswiri akuti alipo mitundu 25-50 miliyoni. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, timene timagwira bwino ntchito yolepheretsa kufalitsa tizilombo toononga.

Ngakhale pali kafadala angapo osiyanasiyana, pali mitundu yambiri yomwe kuchuluka kwake kukuchepa:

• kafadala Shagreneva (wopezeka ku Europe ndi ku Europe konseko, kafadala walembedwa mu Red Book of Smolensk dera, Chuvash Republic, Lithuania, Belarus),
• Chikumbu cha pansi pa Caucasian (chimakhala kumpoto kwa Caucasus, komanso ku Krasnodar Territory, yalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia, Georgia),
• Chikumbu cha nthaka ya Crimea (chopezeka mkati mwa peninsula ya Crimea, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ndizotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okhometsa, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwake kumachepera, alemba mu Red Book of Ukraine),
• kachilomboka kananunkhira bwino (kamakhala m'nkhalango zamayiko ambiri ku Europe, ku Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, m'maiko ena a ku Central Asia, kachilombo kamene kamalemba mu Red Book of Europe ndi Red Book of Russia),
• kachilomboka pansi Lopatin-Yankovsky (wopezeka ku Europe ku Russia, walembedwa mu Red Book of Russia ngati mtundu wosowa kwambiri).

Kuteteza kachilomboka

Chithunzi: kachilomboka kakang'ono kuchokera ku Buku Lofiyira

Chiwerengero cha mitundu yosowa ya kachilomboka ikupitilira kupezeka m'malo awo onse.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zikuthandizira izi:

• kudula mitengo
• Kukula kwa malo achisangalalo,
• kufooka kwa kafadala kusuntha,
• Kawirikawiri kuchitira nkhalango ndi malo azaulimi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi fungicides,
• kuti tisunge mitundu yachilendo ya kachilomboka ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwake, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kusonkhanitsa tizilombo, kufalikira kwa malo omangapo nkhalango m'malo awo, ndikuyambitsanso kuwerengera nthawi zambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, chomalizachi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kalekale ndi cholinga chothana ndi tizirombo ta mbewu zaulimi. Kuti muchite izi, muli ma boti apadera okhala ndi zida - mabokosi (amadzimadzi) okhala ndi dothi ndi wosanjikiza masamba kapena masamba atsopano. Magulu angapo a kachilomboka, madzi ndi zakudya zawo wamba amayikamo. Tizilombo ta nthata tomwe timakhala komweko, timayikira mazira ake bwinobwino.

Pambuyo kuwaswa, mphutsi zimachotsedwa ndikuziyika padera. Mphutsi nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa ndi nkhono, mbozi, slugs, nyansi. Kwa nyengo yozizira, khola lomwe ali ndi mphutsi limayikidwa mu chipinda chogona bwino kapena firiji.

Chapakatikati, pomwe mphutsi zimasenda, zotengera pamodzi zimasinthidwa kupita kuchipinda chotentha. Pakatha milungu ingapo, kafadala kachikulire kamatuluka m'dothi, kamene kamaperekedwa m'malo okhala ndi tizirombo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kachilomboka pansi si chinthu chodabwitsa, chifukwa nkovuta kubereka kafadala mu ukapolo.

Ambiri wamaluwa ataona tizilombo monga kachilomboka pamalo awo, samakayikakayika kapena kuzindikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhala othandiza kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri atawaona, nthawi yomweyo amayesa kuwaononga. Kwenikweni, pali mitundu yambiri ya kafadala, ndipo pakati pawo pali mtundu umodzi wokha womwe ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana - kachilomboka pansi.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa pansi

Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya nyama ndi genera, yosiyana ndi inzake. Pozindikira matenda a kachilomboka, ndikofunikira kuganizira maumbidwe ambiri - kuchokera pamtundu wa kapangidwe kake mpaka mawonekedwe amitundu.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tokhala ku Russia, pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi kutalika kwakutalika pafupifupi 8 cm. Mapiko a tizilomboti sanapangire ndege. Beetles amayenda mlengalenga kokha kuti athe kukhazikikanso, koma njira zazikulu zoyendera ndizothamanga, miyendo yayitali. Anthu ena m'banjamo alibe mapiko.

Kufotokozera kwa kachikumbu

Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono - nthumwi zoyimira mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi mitundu, malongosoledwe atha kuyimiriridwa mu mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe:

• mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi utoto wachitsulo,
• mawonekedwe a thupi
• mizere yopingika kumizere yakuda, ndikupanga utawaleza,
• kapangidwe kake kuchokera kuzungulira mpaka patali, kolimba,
• kukula kwa thupi kuyambira 1 mm mpaka 10 cm,
• miyendo yayitali ndi yopyapyala kuti iyende mwachangu,
• mapiko okhala ndi nyama zokutira,
• olimba elytra kwathunthu amadzaza pamimba.

Kuti muzindikire mtundu winawake wa kachilomboka, ndikofunikira kulingalira zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri kapangidwe ka miyendo ndi zida za chibwano, mtundu ndi kukula kwa thupi.

Gulu ndi malo okhala

Akatswiri a maInomus akuti: kachilombo monga kachilomboka pansi kamakhala ndi mitundu yayitali ya nyama komanso mitundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusiyanitsa. Kuti athe kudziwa mtundu wa asayansiwo molondola, asayansi adasankha kuzigawa ndi:

• utoto
• mawonekedwe a thupi
• kapangidwe kake
• kapangidwe kakunja
• kukula kwake
• kapangidwe kazinthu.

Tizilombo tili ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana, wokhala ndi matani amdima komanso mawonekedwe achitsulo. Munthu payekhapayekha amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a thupi, omwe amakhala ndi kafadala winawake wa kachilomboka.

Tizilombo ta nthata tomwe timakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja tili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo omwe amakhala mu udzu kapena maluwa amatalika, ofanana ndi phesi. Mitundu yomwe imakhala m'mapangawo imawoneka ndi nyerere, chifukwa imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a convex ndi mutu waukulu.

Zambiri mwa tizilombo timene timakhala komwe nthaka ndi yonyowa. Amasankha tsamba lomwe lili ndi kutentha pang'ono. Ma phytophages amatha kumakhala malo osakwanira chinyezi, chifukwa amatha kulipirira ndi tinthu tambiri. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ndi parasitoids, amatha kupirirabe kutentha kwambiri.

Mitundu ina imapezeka m'malo omwe mumakhala mchere wambiri (mchere wa marsh, nyanja yamchere). Chiwerengero chachikulu chimawathandiza kukhala malo amtunda onse - kuchokera kumalo otentha komanso zipululu mpaka nyengo yozizira.

Mutu

Mutu watambalala. Mimbulu imakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu komanso zakuthwa. Mawonekedwe awo ndiosiyana, kutengera zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za tizilombo. Zamoyo zamtchire zimakhala ndi nsagwada yayitali yozungulira, yomwe imathandiza kugwira nyama mwachangu. Ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi nsagwada zazikuru komanso zosaneneka.

Mitundu ina ya whiskey imasiyanitsidwa bwino, ndipo mutu umachepetsedwa. Pamphumi pang'onopang'ono pang'ono kutsogolo. Ngati gawo lokakamiziridalo ndi lalifupi komanso lalifupi, limatchedwa fossa pamphumi, ngati gawo lalitali ndi poyambira. Kutsogolo, nkhokwezo zimagwera pa clypeus, ndipo kumbuyo - pa whiskey.

Maso a chikumbu amakhala ndi mitundu yayitali:

• chachikulu (yogwira masana ndi nthawi yamadzulo),
• apakatikati (khalani ndi moyo wamadzulo),
• ochepa kapena osapezeka (khalani m'mapanga m'mkati mwamdothi).

Mlomo wapamwamba umatha kubisala pansi pa clypeus. Pafupi ndi mlomo wapansi patsinde pa chinacho pali mabowo awiri omwe amathandiza munthu kuti amve. Tizilomboti tili ngati ulusi ndipo timawoneka bwino. Magawo osiyanasiyana amaperekedwa ndi bristles. Anangongole ena alibe tsitsi, pomwe ena amakhala ndi tsitsi laling'ono.

Mphutsi zopera

Tizilombo ta nthata tokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Pokonzekera dzira kuchokera pa dzira kupita kwa munthu wamkulu, limadutsa magawo awiri apakatikati - pupa ndi mphutsi.

Akazi amagona ubweya wachonde m'nthaka yotalikirapo, kuchuluka kwa mazira osalala komwe kumatha kufikira 250. Mphutsi zimawonekera pa 14. Amakhala ndi utoto woyera komanso awiriawiri owoneka ngati miyendo. Pakatha maola 10, thupi la mphutsi limapeza mtundu wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira, ndipo tsiku lachiwiri amapanga zibwano zamphamvu. Tizilomboti tokwera pachakudya kumapeto kwa kasupe ndikusintha kukhala munthu wamkulu wogonana.

Gawo lachifuwa

Kutengera ndi komwe kachilomboka pansi amakhala, mawonekedwe ake omwe amawoneka bwino. Ngati kakhazikitsidwe kamene kamakhala kokhazikika, ndiye kuti kutsogolo kwa thupi kumagwira ntchito kwambiri. Tizilombo ta burashi timakhala ndi thupi lofanana ndi nyerere. Msana wakumbuyo umapangidwa bwino. Mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'mapanga, chishango chimatha kukhala chocheperako kapena kusakhalapo.

Tizilombo ta gumbwa

Kodi kachilomboka pamtunda ndikuvulala ndi mbewu, kodi ndizowopsa kwa anthu? Kufunikira kwa tizilombo kumatengera ndi moyo komanso mtundu wa chakudya. Zowonongeka zazikulu pamera yobzalidwa zimayambika chifukwa cha kafadalafil phytophages:

1. Tizilomboti taphika timabulu tomwe timakhala ndi utoto wakuda komanso kutalika kwa 1.5 cm. Tizilombo timene timadya tirigu, masamba ang'onoang'ono a mitundu yozizira, mungu ndi timadzi tokoma, ndikuwononga kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito zaulimi.
2. Mphutsi zamphepo zamkaka zimakonda msuzi wa mbewu zazing'ono mu rye, tirigu ndi barele. Amadyanso leek, oats ndi chimanga.

Woimira wodziwika bwino waosakanikirana ndi chakudya ndi kachilomboka. M'malo obiriwira kwambiri, tizilombo timene timasanduka phytophage; pakasowa mbewu, imayamba kukhala kanthu.

Pa gawo la Russia mutha kupeza ma kafadala-entomophages. Mitundu yambiri ndi kachilomboka pansi. Zovuta:

• tinyanga tambiri
• thupi mpaka 3cm kutalika ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena wakuda wa graphite ndi sheen wachitsulo,
• zikwangwani zagolide pang'onopang'ono pamalo opentera,
• nsagwada zamphamvu zokhala ndi chikwakwa kuti zigwire wozunzidwayo,
• adakhala ndi miyendo yolimba kuti ayende mwachangu komanso kutsatira womenyedwayo.

Tizilombo ta m'munda tating'onoting'ono timakhala ngati tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Kuluma kwake ndi nsagwada zamphamvu amatha kuthana ndi chivundikiro cha tizirombo chilichonse. Wachikulire amadya mphutsi za agwape, kafadala, nkhono, ulesi ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timawononga m'minda yachikhalidwe. Panyengo, kachilomboka kamodzi kamadyera tizirombo toposa 1000 ta mbewu za m'munda. Kuchuluka kwa tizilombo opindulitsa kukuchepa chaka chilichonse. Zifukwa zazikulu ndizowopsa za mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso chidwi chowonjezeka cha kachilomboka ndi okhometsa ndi alendo.

Kusamalira kachilomboka m'munda wambiri, zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:

• Tetezani mundawo kwa mbalame, mbalame za nyama, mbalame zodyedwa, nyama zina kudya nyama zachikhalidwe,
• sankhani mosamala mankhwala kuti muteteze tizirombo.

Kuwononga mkate ming'oma ndi tizirombo tina ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, munthu nthawi zambiri amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa oyimira kafadala. Pofuna kupewa zoterezi, ndibwino kupatsa chisankho njira yolimbana ndi akatswiri oyenerera a kampani ya Des Group. Ogwira ntchito amasankha mankhwala abwino kwambiri ochotsera tizirombo ta mbewu zobzalidwa, mwachangu kukonza gawo mothandizidwa ndi zida zaluso.

Nyali

Tizilomboti timasinthika kuti tiziyenda mothamanga komanso kuthamanga, kotero miyendo yake ndi yayitali, koma yopyapyala. Mitundu yakuwombera imakhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala ndipo imakhala ndi miyendo. Acetabulum imapangidwa bwino. Swivels nthawi zina imakhala yayitali kuposa chiuno. Tinyanga timayeretsedwa ndikudula zitsulo zakutsogolo. Anthu a Epiphytic amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri pamiyendo, pomwe gawo lamalaya limakhazikika. Amawathandiza kumera mbewuzo. Anthu a mphanga omwe ali ndi gawo ili ali ndi njira yomwe imathandizira kukwera m'makoma a matako.

Kuyang'anira tizilombo

Nsagwada ndi miyendo zimathandizira kuzindikira kachilomboka komwe kali ndi kachilomboka. Zizilombo zodya nyama zamphamvu kwambiri, ndizamphamvu kwambiri komanso ndizitali. Miyendo ya kachilomboka ndiyifupi, ndipo thupi limakhala lakuda kwathunthu.

Kuti muteteze bwino minda ya kachilomboka, ndikofunikira kukolola nthawi yayitali. Zabwino zimakhudza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo - kuchotsa udzu m'minda, kusenda chiputu, kulima dothi mu kugwa.

Kuti muwonongere mphutsi, ndizotheka kuthira mbewu zamasamba pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso pakupanga mbewu - ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Pofuna kuthana ndi kachilomboka pamunda, akatswiri amalangiza kutsatira malamulo awa:

• pangani mbeu pamalo osaposera nthawi imodzi m'zaka ziwiri,
• kuchitira nthawi yake mitengo yothira mankhwala ophera tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
• munthawi ya kukula kwa tirigu, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe amateteza tirigu ndi masamba a mbewu kuchokera kwa akuluakulu.

Ngati kachilomboka pamapezeka kunyumba, ndikofunikira nthawi yomweyo kumenyana ndi tizilombo. Ngati munthu wamkulu waikira mazira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwononga anthu.

Pankhondo yolimbana ndi kafadala omwe amakhala mnyumba, zochitika zotsatirazi zingathandize:

• kutsimikiza kwa malo osungiramo tizilombo, kukonza bwino malo ano,
• kukonza zakudya patebulo, kutaya zinyalala,
• kuyeretsa kukhitchini kumakhala ndi mankhwala kapena njira yothetsera sodium kapena acetic acid.

Chimodzi mwazotsatira zosasangalatsa zakukhala ndi nsikidzi mnyumba ndikuwonongeka kwa zinthu zochuluka. Kuwononga tizilombo, amagwiritsa ntchito zovuta za kutentha ndi kuwala kwa UV:

• njere zimasungidwa mu uvuni pamawotchi oposa kutentha kwa madigiri 100 kwa mphindi 30,
• chakudya chochuluka chomwe chatsala padzuwa kwa maola angapo,
• chidebe chokhala ndi phala chimayikidwa mufiriji kwa maola angapo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotere mu chakudya sikulimbikitsidwa.Njira yabwino ndikuchotsa mbewu monga chimanga ndi ufa ndi kachilomboka, gwirirani makabati aku khitchini ndi yankho la viniga. Zomera zokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu - timbewu tonunkhira, lavenda, chitsamba - zingathandize kupewa kuyambiranso kwa tizilombo m'nyumba. Zitha kuyikidwa pamashelefu apakhitchini ndi makabati.

Ngati kachilomboka m'munda wachakudya kapena tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa matenda m'munda kapena nyumba yanu, funsani akatswiri a Dez Gulu kuti akuthandizeni. Afufuza nkhaniyi ndikusankha njira yoyenera yodziwitsira tizilombo. Pofuna kukambirana, funsani woimira kampani patelefoni.

Mapiko ndi elytra

Kuchuluka kwa mapiko kumatengera mitundu. Mawonekedwe a mapiko amatha kudalira mtundu womwe ukulowera. Anthu opanda ndege okhala ndi mapiko afupi amakhala kuzilumba, m'mapiri ndi m'mapanga. Mapiko amagwiritsa ntchito bwino ma turmophilic komanso kafadala pansi mitengo. Ambiri aiwo amawuluka bwino kwambiri kotero kuti ndi njira yayikulu yoyendera. Tizilombo totsalira timene timawuluka bwino sikugwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo pokhapokha ngati titha kukonzanso nyumba.

Hard elytra pafupifupi imakuta mbali yam'mimba. Mu mitundu yomwe ilibe mapiko, imakula limodzi. Pamwamba - 9 poyambira poyambira.

Tizilomboti topera

Chidutswachi ndi mgulu la kachilomboka komwe kamapezeka ku Europe, Russia ndi Caucasus. Kutalika kwa thupi - 20 mpaka 35 mm. Mundawo uli ndi mtundu wamkuwa ndipo umanyezimira bwino. Elytra wokongoletsedwa ndi madontho owoneka agolide.

Tizilomboti timayenda mwachangu, chifukwa cha miyendo yake. Tizilombo ta munda wamtchire ndi nyama yomwe imakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu. Amasaka usiku, ndipo masana amabisala pansi pa masamba, miyala, makungwa a mitengo. Akhala oteteza moyo wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa, pamene akuwononga tizirombo ta m'minda (ma slgs, nkhono, mbozi).

Tizilombo tagwira nyama yake, imagwira nsagwada ndi kupukutira madzi omwe amachititsa minyewa ya wozunzidwayo. Ubwino wa cholakwika chotere ndiwodziwikiratu: m'miyezi yachilimwe, munthu wopangidwa amawononga mbozi 100-300.

Khungwe labwino kwambiri la pansi

Amazimiririka chaka chilichonse, chifukwa chake amatetezedwa ndi Red Book. Zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Russia ndi kumpoto kwa Europe (nthawi zina pakati).

Kutalika kwa kachilomboka kopambana ndi 12-18 mm. Thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, mutu ndi expressionotamu ndi ofiira, wokhala ndi tenti wagolide, elytra ndiwobiriwira, wokhala ndi mbali zofiirira.

Mtunduwu umakonda dothi lonyowa, chifukwa chake limakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, pafupi ndi zithaphwi. Amasaka masana, amadya mphutsi ndi ma invertebrates.

Chikumbu pansi

Mtunduwu umawononga zokolola za chimanga ndi nyemba. Imapezeka ku Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, komanso ku Russia, Kazakhstan ndi Central Asia.

Kutalika kwa thupi lakuda ndi 11-16 mm, wokhala ndi masharubu ofiira. Mutu wafupikitsidwa. Tsitsi lalifupi lalifupi limakula kumtunda kwa elytra. Edeagus (chiwalo chachimuna) chimayenda pamwambapa, yaying'ono komanso yotakata modera. Mutu ndi expressionotum ndi zofiirira.

Tizilombo ta ubweya timene timakhala m'malo a anthropogenic. Yogwira ntchito kuyambira Marichi mpaka Okutobala.

Caucasian pansi kachilomboka

Chosangalatsa: iyi ndiye mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ku Russia. Kukula kwa kachilomboka pamtunda mpaka 55 mm. Kapangidwe kake ka elytra kamakhala kokhazikika. Utoto wonyezimira wakuda, nthawi zina utoto wobiriwira. Kumbuyo kumakhala kokhoma, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi owuma. Thupi lotsika limakhala lakuda.

Tizilombo ta Caucasian amagwira ntchito usiku. Ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imathamanga. Amakhala ndi chakudya chambiri, nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi za tizilombo. Miyoyo yakumalo okhala m'nkhalango youma, m'mapaki ndi m'minda. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Caucasus.

Chingwe cha kachilomboka

Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 52 mm. Tizilomboti timakhala kumadzulo komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Crimea, motero amatchedwa dzina. Mamoyo yam'mapiri, nkhalango zowuma, mapaki ndi minda.

Colour: buluu, violet, zobiriwira, zakuda. Elytra granular, panja akufanana makwinya. Amadyetsa makamaka nkhono za mphesa. Munthuyo amadya mapira osawaza nthawi yomweyo. Tizilomboti titadya, timabisalira pansi masiku awiri. Pakakhala zoopsa, anthu onse amachita mogwirizana ndi chiwembu chimodzi: amatulutsa chinthu cha fungo lamphamvu lam'mimba.

Tizilomboti topera

Tizilomboti timavulaza chimanga ndi nyemba. Amadya usiku, amadya tirigu, rye, barele, chimanga. Kusinthidwa nyengo yovuta komanso yotentha. Zimavulaza osati kachilomboka kokha, komanso mphutsi zomwe zimadya masamba a mbewu. Ngati kachilombo kamene kakuyembekezeraku kukuwopsa, kuluma. Kwa munthu, kuluma si kowopsa, koma kumadzetsa kusasangalala.

Kutalika kwa kachilomboka pansi ndi 20-25 mm, thupi limakhala lakuda kwathunthu. Kapangidwe kake kumtunda kakang'ono. Kapangidwe ka Elytra kamakhala ndi zingwe 9 zazitali. Antennae lalifupi, ofiira. Mutu ndi wamkulu. Imapezeka kumwera kwa Europe ndi Russia. Zochita zapamwamba zimawonedwa kumapeto kwa June.

Pansi pa chikumbu moyo

Ndi anthu achikulire okha omwe amagwera hibernation, koma, nthawi zina, mphutsi. Ngati mukuyang'ana miyendo yakutsogolo ya kachilomboka, mutha kudziwa ngati ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi. Zigawo za miyendo yakutsogolo yaikazi ndizosiyanasiyana kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Koma pali zina: Mkazi wa Crimea ndi Caucasian amatha kudziwika ndi chiwonetsero cha pamimba.

Kodi chimadya chiyani?

Tizilombo tambiri timadzu tambiri timadyanso tizilombo tina. Koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu yomwe imadya zakudya zosakanikirana (zakudya zam'mera ndi tizilombo). Pakati azitsamba a herbivorous amasiyanitsa tizirombo zingapo.

Nyama zanyama zam'mimba zimakhala ndi chimbudzi chowonjezera. Chifukwa choti sapeza tiziwalo timene timataya magazi, kutuluka kwamkati mwa matumbo kumakhala ngati timadziti tam'mimba. Zidutswa za wozunzidwa zimasungidwa mu tsekwe za kachilomboka kwa maola awiri, kenako, mothandizidwa ndi madzimadzi kuchokera m'matumbo apakati, musanduke gruel. Oimira ena amtundu wa Carabus, asanadye wozunzidwayo, azigwira pachiwopsezo kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi yomweyo amawatsanulira kuti atulutse matumbo apakati. Nyama ikasandulika kukhala yochuluka ngati zonunkhira, kachilomboka kamayamwa.

Tizilomboti timakonda kudya:

• ngale
• aulesi
• nyongolotsi
• mphutsi zamasamba,
• mbozi, etc.

Zakudya zimatengera mitundu. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zomwe amakonda.

Kodi zimabala bwanji?

Nthawi yakukhwima ikupezeka mu Epulo. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira oposa 70. Kuti ateteze, amaphikira mazira pansi kapena kuwaphimba ndi tsamba. Ngati dziko lapansi ndi lonyowa, maonekedwe ake a mphutsiwo amabala zipatso. Kusasitsa kwa dzira kumachitika milungu iwiri. Kwa chaka chimodzi, kachilomboka pansi amatha kuyikira mazira kamodzi kokha.

Magawo otukuka

Kutentha kapena nyengo zovunda, kafadala sakhala ndi nthawi yokwaniritsa mu nyengo, ndiye kuti izi zimatenga zaka ziwiri.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi nthawi yamoyo:

• dzira (mawu akuti kukula kwa mluza kumatengera kutentha),
• mphutsi (imayamba kudya mwachangu pa tsiku la 7-13, tsiku loyamba idya chipolopolo)
• pupa (gawo ili limatenga masiku 12-14),
• munthu wamkulu.

Kuyambira Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mphutsi zimadyetsa chimodzimodzi ndi kafadala wamkulu. Amakhala ndi nsagwada zolimba kuyambira nthawi yobadwa. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mphutsi zimakumba dzenje pansi ndikugundika kumeneko. Imakhala munthawi imeneyi kwa mwezi umodzi. Kusintha kukhala munthu wamkulu kumachitika mchaka.

Kodi chowopsa kwa mbewu mdziko komanso m'nyumba?

Tizilombo ta Herbivorous pansi timavulaza mbewu zambiri, zonse zimatengera mtundu wa kachilomboka. Yokolola musawononge akulu okha, komanso mphutsi. Izi zikugwirizana ndi buledi ndi kachilomboka kosalira pansi. Ndi amitundu iwiriyi yomwe ndi owopsa kwa mbewu zam'mayiko komanso m'nyumba. Mosiyana ndi kafadala wamba, awa samadya tizirombo ta m'munda, koma mbewu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatchera khutu la chimanga, njere imagwera pansi, kenako nkuidya. Kwa theka la mwezi, kachilomboka m'modzi wamkulu amatha kuwononga mbewu 30 kapena 40.

M'chipindacho, kafadala ndimakopeka ndi chakudya chomwe chatsala patebulopo, komanso mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Tizilombo tina titha kulowa m'nyumba chifukwa cha fungo la chakudya chanyama.

Malangizo otaya

Pa chiwembu cha m'munda kapena m'mundamo, muyenera kuchotsa mkate wokhawo ndi kachilumba kaubweya, chifukwa mitundu ina ndi yopindulitsa. Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi mantha ndi mankhwala omwe amapanga mankhwala a organophosphorous ndi ma pyrethroid. Amawonjezeredwa muzosakaniza zapadera zomwe zimapanga minda ndi minda.

Kuti muchite popanda mankhwala, muyenera kuchotsa mbewu zonse zakale, kutsatira momwe mungasinthire mbewu, kulima dothi ndikutsuka bwino mizu. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo yabwino yophukira kwa mbewu ndi kukula kwake. Tizilombo titagundika m'nyumba, tiyenera kuthana nawo nthawi yomweyo.

Njira zothanirana ndi kachilomboka pansi:

1. Kuyeretsa kasupe. Choyamba, muyenera kupeza malo omwe amapezekera kafadala. Zinyalala zonse, zotsalira za tebulo ziyenera kutayidwa nthawi yomweyo. Chitani pansi, matebulo ndi mipando ndi wothandizira wa mankhwala (Dichlorvos). Njira yosankhira bajeti ndi sopo wamba kapena viniga, wosungunulidwa ndi madzi. Zakudya ndi zina zilizonse zopezeka m'malo opezeka ziyenera kukhala zonyamula ma airtight.
2. Boric acid. Pafupifupi tizilombo tonse timafa ndi nyambo ngati imeneyi. Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timadya asidiwo, timatengera anthu ena ndikufa patapita nthawi yochepa.
3. Njira yotentha. Ngati njuchi zambiri zikadadzaza chimanga, njira yabwino yothanirana nawo ndi kuwaphika mu uvuni. Ndikokwanira kuyika phala ndi tizirombo pamenepo kwa mphindi 30 pa kutentha kwa madigiri 100. Njira ina yothandiza kutentha ndi chisanu. Ikani mafuta omwewo mufiriji ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha ndi -15 madigiri.

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilomboka sipangothandiza anthu ovulaza okha, komanso yopindulitsa. Musanayambe kumenyana nawo, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa mitundu yomwe mwakumana nayo, ndi zina zake: kuvulaza kapena kupindula.

Tizilombo tambiri pansi timakhala m'makona onse a Dziko Lapansi. Kapangidwe ka thupi kamasiyana pang'ono, koma mawonekedwe (mtundu, mawonekedwe) amtundu uliwonse ndi apadera. Nthochi zimadutsa m'mizere inayi. Tizilomboti tambiri pansi amateteza mundawo. Koma mitundu yonse ya kachilomboka pansi imakhala yoyipa kwa anthu omwe amakhala munyumbayo, chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala aukhondo m'nyumba ndikuwunika mbewu zapakhomo.

Kodi bugyu amadya chiyani?

Mimbulu yambiri yamtunduwu ndi nyama zolusa. Mitundu ina ya kachilomboka pansi imatha kudya mitundu yosakanizika (mwachitsanzo, maksofag, makamaka yolusa, koma nthawi zina imadya masamba). Pakati pa olusa omwe amapezeka pagulu amapezeka.

Tizilombo tomwe timadya zakudya zam'mera, nsagwada zimakhala zazikulu komanso zonenepa. Zoyang'anira zimafanana ndi nyerere: miyendo yayitali yotukuka, mutu wotchulidwa, thupi lopindika kapena lathyathyathya. Ma phytophages afupikitsa, poyerekeza ndi zilombo, miyendo, mawonekedwe ozungulira thupi.

Mitundu yotsatirayi ili m'gulu la ma encomophages:

• kachilomboka
• Ermak,
• Lopatin,
• Gebler,
• Zachiwawa (violet),
• Caucasus
• zodabwitsa
• kachilomboka
• kuchuluka
• ndi ena ambiri.

• buledi,
• wothamanga,
• zamwano
• opusa
• mitundu ina.

Kuvulala kwa tizilomboti pansi ndi zomera ndi anthu

Mitundu yachilengedwe yodziwika bwino sikuvulaza mbewu kapena anthu. M'malo mwake, amathandizira kuwononga tizirombo timene timayambitsa mavuto azachuma. Mitundu ina imangodya osati tizilombo, komanso ma mbewa (nkhono), nyongolotsi, ndi mbozi. Nthawi zambiri m'minda mumatha kupeza zipolopolo zopanda nkhono za mphesa. Umu ndi momwe ntchito ya kachilomboka pansi yopezera chakudya imawoneka - nkhono imasowa m'matumbo a nyama yomwe imadyera, ndipo chigamba chake sichikhala chopanda kanthu.

Ngati ma encomophages siowopsa kwa mbewu ndi mbewu, ndiye kuti ma phytophages ndi nkhani ina. Amatha kuwononga chimanga chambiri pachaka. Akuluakulu amachepetsa timitengo ta tirigu wolimidwa komanso wamtchire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisokere. Mphesa zimagwera pansi, pomwe kachilomboka amawaswa ndikumawadya.

Dzina lina la kachilomboka pansi. Itha kusiyanitsidwa kuchokera kwa abale othandiza ndi mtundu wake wakuda wokutira wokhala ndi tinthu zachitsulo, tinyanga tatifupi tating'onoting'ono. Peune ndi laling'ono kuposa wamba wamba. Kukula kwakukulu kumakhala 1.5 cm.

Chiwopsezo cha kuthana ndi tizilombo chimachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. M'mwezi wa Meyi-June, mitengo ya chiphuphu cha humpback kumadera omwe ali ndi zokolola ndiyambiri.

Njira zowongolera komanso njira zodzitetezera

Palibe chifukwa chothamangitsira zilombo zolusa. Ndikofunika kukopa iwo ku dimba ndi dimba kuti azitha kuwononga tizirombo. Tizilomboti timathandiza kusunga mbewu - simudzayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa.

Ndi chibonga chosakanizika, zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Amadyetsa zakudya zamasamba ndipo amatha kuwononga makutu atatu mpaka anayi m'masiku 7 mpaka 10. Mitunduyi imakhala m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa zochita zawo kukuwonekera.

Kodi kuthana ndi kachilomboka wakuda pansi? Tizilomboti timazindikira mitundu ina ya mankhwala:

• neonicotinoids,
• organophosphorous amapanga
• ma pyrethroids.

Mayina a mankhwala odziwika omwe amathandiza pomenya nkhondo: Bishka, Boundary, Cruiser 350 P5, Yunta Quadro. Zinthu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa mbeu isanafesere. Pakupopera mbewu zobzala kale, diazinon, Pirinex 48, Nurel D, Shaman amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pazithandizo zamankhwala, alimi azithandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo komanso kupewa kutchinga kwawo m'minda mtsogolo ndi njira zosavuta:

• kusankha koyenera komwe kufesedwako (musabzale mbewu pamalo omwewo),
• kusankha mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri pofesa,
• chithandizo chakukula kwa mbewu ndi feteleza wa mchere,
• kukolola mwachangu (yesani kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa tirigu nthawi yomweyo),
• chotsa mbewu ndi udzu osakhetsa tirigu m'mbali mwa mundawo,
• mutakolola, dothi liyenera kulimidwa mwakuya kuti muchotsere mbowo.
• gwirani zowonjezera pokonzekera kubzala.

Nthawi zina kachilomboka pamtunda s amabwera m'minda, koma m'zipinda ndi nyumba. Kuti tichotse alendo osagwiritsika ntchito, ndikokwanira kuyeretsa m'nyumba ndi kusesa zinyalala bwino kumakona onse, kuphatikizapo zosatheka. Chakudya chisasiyidwe chotseguka kunja kwa firiji. Chakudya cha ziweto chizitsekedwa mwamphamvu. Kuchotsa zinyalala pa nthawi yake, kuyeretsa komanso kukonza ukhondo (makamaka kukhitchini) sikungapatse nsikidzi mwayi wogawana nyumbayo.