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Ikakwana nthawi yobala, ammophile amakumba mink pansi.
Kenako amafufuza kachilomboka kakang'ono ka gulugufe m'nthaka ndikumamupangira jakisoni angapo.
Kenako ammophile amanyamula wopuwala uja mchisa ndikuyika dzira m'thupi la mboziyo. Pambuyo pake, mayi wosamala amasiya kutulutsa, ndikuphimba ndi miyala ndi mchenga.

Myosotis (myosotis) mchilatini amatanthauza "khutu la mbewa". Tsamba loti siliiwalika limatulutsa impso, limawoneka ngati khutu la mbewa.

Wasp Odiner (Odynerus)

Maudzu ang'onoang'ono awa adakopa chidwi changa ndi zokongola zawo - zakuda ndi mawonekedwe achikaso, mapiko ofiirira, okukulungani, ndi tinyanga yakuda.
Pamsonkhu wa molbiol, adandiuza kuti mwina anali onunkhira. Poyamba ndimangotchera khutu za ma ma kuku okumba, chifukwa sindimayembekezera kuti ndiziwona akuda.
Mavu awa amapanga mapope odabwitsa kwambiri pamiyala. Nayi chithunzi:

Machubu awa ndi khomo lolowera mu mulaki wa mink, womwe mavu akufukula pamtunda. Mkati mwanyumbamo muli mavu mwana. Phulusa limadyanso timadzi tokoma, ndipo limanyamula mphutsi zouma zamasamba, Weevils ndi agulugufe ang'onoang'ono kwa mwana wake. Ndizosangalatsa kuti kuthawa kwa Odiner kuli chete - sachita phokoso ndipo samayimva khutu.

Chaka chino pali ambiri amanunkhira, amawulukira khonde nthawi iliyonse, ndipo ndimawagwira m'bokosi ndikuwatulutsa.
Lero mavu osankhika kopambana adatulukira ife - sizinandivutitse konse. Mphepoyi inalunjika kukhonde la khonde, pomwe panali bowo pawindo la sill anayamba kupanga udzu wodzipangira wekha! Ku nsagwada amakhala ndi zinthu zomanga.

Atasochera pafupi ndi dzenje ndikusiya dothi pamenepo, maula aja anawulukira gawo lina.
Sikuti tizirombo tonse timatha kupeza njira kuchokera pa khonde lowoneka bwino (ndipo maluwa ndi kuwala zimawakopa apa), koma mavuwo anali atazindikira msanga - amadziwa komwe amalowera ndi kutuluka.
Chifukwa chake amandibwerera tsiku lonse, nkumandiseka ndikukwiyitsa mayi anga - amadera nkhawa za mwana wa mchimwene wake, yemwe amakonda kugwedeza manja ake omwe tizilombo sizimakonda.
Inde, kuchuluka kwa ma pepala ndi kowopsa, koma fungo lokhalokha, lomwe limakonzekera kulera mwana m'modzi, silibweretsa mavuto.
Odiners nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi kapena pazenera za nyumba zowonongeka. Pamapeto pomanga, amayala testicle ndipo amabweretsa mphutsi zofowoka za ma weevil ndi kafadala wa masamba - zidutswa 10-30. Kenako anamanganso chisa ndi kumanganso ena kwinakwake, mpaka ankhondo atawachokera, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira mavu amafa.
Mphutsi zongobadwa kumene zimafuna zakudya, kenako ana. Tizilomboti timakhala nthawi yozizira, ndipo nthawi ya chilimwe timayamba thukuta.

Sand Ammophila (Ammophila sabulosa), banja la mavu okumba (Sphecidae)

Wofanana kwambiri ndi wokwera ndipo amakhalanso chimodzimodzi. Ammophila amakumba kakung'onoting'ono ndikuikapo ndi miyala. Kenako amayang'ana mbozi yozizira kapena chofufumitsa china ndi kukumba pansi panthaka.
Phulusa limasowetsa mbozi motsatizana mu gawo lililonse, mumitsempha iliyonse yamitsempha, kufikira pomwe wolumayo angafe ziwalo kwathunthu. Ammophila amanyamula mbozi kukhala mink, ndikayika dzira pamenepo ndikuphimba ndi mwala.
Kodi mavu amapezeka bwanji? Amakumbukira komwe kunali zinthu zowazungulira - miyala, ma cones, udzu.
Mphutsi zosaswa zitha kudya "zakudya zam'chitini".
Izi zidakwiliridwa usiku wamadzulo. Iye amapita mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, akugunditsa chibwano chake kukhala duwa lagolide, kumayang'ana pamimba pake ndikulendewera monga choncho. Mavu ndi njuchi nthawi zambiri zimagona pamenepa.
Banjali lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 800. Tizilombo tating'ono timadyera timadzi tokoma. Kutalika - mpaka masentimita 2.8. Mavu amtendere amodzi, ngakhale ndidawatenga m'manja mwanga.
Ndidayenda nseu ndikuwona kumbali ya nseu ammophile, yomwe imakoka mbozi ya scoop. Ndidatsamira. Wasp adachita mantha ndipo adaponya mboziyo. Koma kenako adabwerako ndikuyamba kumufunafuna. Sanamupezenso udzu, ndiye ndinayala mboziyo panjira yomweyo kutsogolo kwa ammophile. Anamugwira ndikukokera kumpanda.

Pepala la Wasp Polistes (Polistes Ruleula)

Ma mavu akamamanga chisa kapena kuteteza ana awo mu chisa - ndibwino kuti musawakhumudwitse. Koma mavu osungulumwa omwe akungoyendayenda m'maluwa amakhala odekha ngati simukukoka ndevu zawo ndikugwedeza manja awo. Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri kutola timadzi tokongola tambiri. Chala changa chinalinso chokoma pang'ono, kotero adaganiza zonyambita.

Mwa njira, njuchi za adren zimadzuka. Tsopano amuna samangoyenda limodzi mmbali, komanso kumalumphira achikazi nthawi ndi nthawi.

Mbalame zikuimba kale usiku! Achinyamata akuda, zanyanki, ndi zomenyera nkhondo afika.
Ma Bullfinches onse akukhala pafupi ndi odyetserawo. Lero anali ndi vuto m'banja lodziwika bwino - mwamunayo adavina pamaso pa mkazi, adasokoneza mchira wake. Anakhala kuseka, kumanamizira kuti alibe chidwi. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi, mkazi wina anakhala pafupi naye. Mkazi wovomerezeka nthawi yomweyo adadziwongola ndikukhomera mdani wina pamutu! Adathawa.

Matalala anasungunuka kunkhalangoko, kudera kobiriwira, ziboda komanso masamba. Tsiku lomwe mbalame zina zamkokomo zikufuula, zikufuula ngati kuti mwataya bwenzi lake kapena china.

Campsoscolia, banja la Scolia / India

Campsoscolia (Colpa), banja la Skolia, Hymenoptera. Akuluakulu amadyetsa mphutsi za kachilomboka.

Skolii amtendere kwambiri. Mbola yawo inali chida chogwira ntchito kuposa chovala chankhondo: amachiwongola ndi nyama yake ndipo nthawi zina amangoyenda kuti adziteteze. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi la scoliosis ndi losinthika kwambiri, ndipo ndikosavuta kupewa jekeseni woluma potenga mavu m'manja. Ngati m'mphepete mwamtundu, ndiye kuti ululu womwe umachokera mu jakisoni ndi wocheperako. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha pafupifupi onse ofuwala ziwalo: poizoni wawo samayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri.

Mverani mawu a maep akusimba

Zitachitika izi, zazikazi zimatsekanso chisa ndipo sizibwerera kwa masiku angapo. Pakadali pano, akumanga chisa chachitatu, kuyang'ana chisa chachiwiri ndikubwereranso koyamba, ndikubwera ndi njanji ndikutseka kwamuyaya. Pakadali pano, samangomuphimba ndi miyala, komanso amawayendetsa mwamphamvu ndi mutu wake, ngati nyundo. Ndipo nthawi zina amatenga chimwala ndi mandibles ndikusenga dothi nawo. Iyi ndi njira imodzi yodziwika yogwiritsira ntchito zida ndi tizilombo.

Kuwombera pafupi: maula mumchenga ukukonzekera kukumba chisa.

Akazi amasindikiza chisa choyamba, moyo wa woyamba kubadwa umatsimikizika: amakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira kuti amalize kumalizira ndikusintha kukhala chrysalis m'nyumba yotsekedwa bwino. Pambuyo pake, mayi wachikondi amapitiliranso kubwezeretsa chakudya chisa chachiwiri, kenako chachitatu. Ndipo zazikazi zina zimayamba kupanga chisa chachinayi.

Nayi chisa chomalizidwa.

Zotsatira zake, sand-lyubka amasamalira zisa zitatu zomwe zili pamlingo wosiyanasiyana wokula. Amasakasaka chisa chilichonse, ngakhale amabisika mosamala ndipo ndi ena mwa zisa zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amadziwa bwino nthawi yoyenera kuyendera zisa. Ndipo timakumbukiranso chisa chomwe chimayikira dzira, choti chimalizireni m'matumba a chakudya, omwe pamapeto pake chimalowa. Kuphatikiza apo, phala lopindika limazindikira bwino lomwe kuti ndi chisa chiti chiziyikira mbozi imodzi, ndipo imodzi - iwiri.

Chifukwa chake, chidziwitso chokhudza chisa chimodzi cha ammophile chimasungidwa mosiyana ndi chidziwitso chokhudza chisa china. Akazi nthawi zonse amayendera chisa chomwe chikufunikira chisamaliro chake, mwina amalimbikitsidwa ndi iye. Kuchokera ku chisa china, amatha kulandira chilimbikitso chosiyana kwambiri, koma samayiwala komwe zisa zina ndi zina zomwe akuyenera kuwachitira.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kufotokozera kwa tizilombo

1 Kufotokozera kwa tizilombo
2 Zosiyanasiyana
3 Pindulani ndi kuvulaza

Kukula kwa mavu okumba kungakhale kosiyana: kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana m'mitundu iwiri kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 55 mm. Kuchokera pamwamba, mbali yakumanzere ya chikwangwaniyo imapanga kaphiri, komwe ndi chizindikiro cha gululo la mavu. Ndipo kumbali zamtunduwu ndizodziwika bwino - awa ndi ma tubercles omwe safika pamtunda wa tegul. Kuchokera pa dzinali zikuwonekeratu kuti mitundu yambiri ya mavu a gululi amakumba mchenga kapena dothi, koma pali ena omwe amakonda kukhazikika nkhuni, ndi oimira mitundu yaying'ono mkati mwa tsinde.

Kupukutira kaphokoso kumatha kudziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa miyendo yakutsogolo yazing'ono zolimba zingapo zomwe zimawoneka ngati kolimba ndipo zimagwira ngati fosholo chifukwa cha mavu kuti nthaka ikhale pansi. Mkazi aliyense wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna aliyense amakhala ndi chikhulupiriro ichi. Gawo losadukiza lomwe limapezeka m'njira zambiri zokumbira mavu ndi malo okumbikakumbika pomwe mavu amakanika dothi ndikusesa makoma a malo okumbidwawo.

Zambiri Zofalitsa

Mauna owotcha amakhala ndi chisamaliro cha ana. Amakhala popanga chisa komanso kukonza chakudya cha mphutsi, pomwe mavu nthawi zambiri amakonda tizilombo tokhala m'malo momera. Zimatha kukhala akangaude, ntchentche, mbozi, nsabwe za m'mimba, agulugufe ndi ena. Ma nyansi onse okumba ndi nyama zolusa, ndipo mtundu uliwonse umasankha tinthu tina tambiri ngati chakudya.

Nthawi yomweyo, ndizodabwitsa kuti mavu omwe ali ndi luso pofunafuna ali kusaka komanso molondola motani komwe amawombera. Kugwidwa kwa mavu kumadwalitsidwa ndi jakisoni wa mbola mu nthongo yamitsempha, chifukwa pomwe chomera chake chimakhala chatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali.

Gulu la mavu ndi limodzi.kutanthauza kuti, amapanga zisa ndi kusamalira ana mosadalira anthu ena. Atakumba mbewa ina pachisa chija ndikuidzaza ndi chakudya, chinyezimacho chimayikira dzira ndi kusindikiza khomalo ndi khomo laling'ono, lomwe limapanga kuchokera kumunsi mozungulira. Pamapeto pa ntchito, khomo lolowera chisa limatsekedwanso.

Mitundu ina ya ma burrowing akuwonetsa zovuta kwambiri. M'mawa uliwonse amayang'ana zisa zawo ndikubwera nazo monga momwe amadyera ndi mphutsi. Mavu amatha kusamalira zisa zingapo.

Wasp Larra Anafemskaya

Ndiwothandizira wamaluwa mwakufuna kwawo polimbana ndi chimbalangondo. Ndi chida chakuda ndipo ndi mavu okhaokha.

Kupeza chimbalangondo pamalo odutsa pansi, maula akuiyendetsa mpaka pamtunda. Kumeneko, nkhandwe imakhala ndi nkhonya zitatu zomata za magawo ena enieniwo. Kenako, pansi pa phazi la chimbalangondo, mavu akuyala dzira. Pakadutsa mphindi pafupifupi zisanu, ziwalo zomwe zimafa zija zimasowa, ndipo amadziwombanso pansi, komwe amakhala.

Mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka dzira kuyambira nthawi yolumikizana ndi zigamba zimakumana ndi magawo asanu a chitukuko m'masiku 12-30. Nthawi yonseyi amakhala pa chimbalangondo ngati majeremusi akunja. Chimbalangondo chaching'ono chimafa patatsala pang'ono kuti mphutsizo zisanduke chrysalis.

Ammophile wasp

Sandy ammophile - kachilombo ka mtundu wakuda ndi pamimba kowoneka bwino ofiira, komwe kali pamtengo, komanso miyendo yayitali. Ndi yayikulu kwambiri, imafika mpaka 4 cm.

Katsamba kameneka kanasankha tinthu tochera m'nthaka monga chakudya cha ana a mbozi. Kupeza mboziyo ndikuyiyendetsa pamtunda, ammophile amathandizira wovutayo. Kenako, mpaka ikanunkha yokha, mavuwo imakoka nyama yake, yomwe imalemera kangapo kuposa wosaka, pansi palokha.

Atafika komwe akupita, amakoka khungubwi la chimbudzi mkati mwa chisa cham'tsogolo, ndikuyika dzira limodzi, ndikusindikiza khungu ndikuyibatula.

Fisi - nkhandwe ya njuchi

Filant ndi imodzi mwazinthu zokumba mavu. Ndi wamkulu kwambiri komanso wamphamvu tizilombo, kuyambira kukula 12 mpaka 15 mm. Ili ndi mutu waukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi thupi komanso zibwano zamphamvu. Chifuwa cha philanthropist ndi chakuda, pamimba pake ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino, kumbuyo kumakhala kuchokera kumiyendo yoyera mpaka itatu. Amutcha "nkhandwe ya chiwewe pomenyana ndi njuchi zanjuchi."

Zimachitika motere. Philanthropist amathamangira ku njuchi pomwe, popanda kukayikira chilichonse, amatenga mungu kuchokera ku maluwa. Pambuyo pokumbatirana ndi miyendo yake, nkhandwe imaluma wolakwayo m'khosi ndikuipha.

Akadula chala ndi miyendo yake, amafinya timadzi tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi lilime lake. Kenako njuchiyo imasakazidwa kwathunthu ndipo imanyamula kununkha kwake kuti izigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya cha pambuyo pake.

Philanthropist ikhoza kuvulaza kwambiri alimi a njuchi ngati atakhala pafupi ndi ming'oma, popeza njuchi zimasiya kuwuluka chifukwa cha uchi, kukhala m'ming'oma. Njuchi yaikazi imasiya kuyikira mazira ndipo banjali limayamba kufooka.

Ngati mavuwo aluma

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, nsonga za mavu zimagwera m'miyezi yachilimwe ya Julayi ndi Ogasiti, pomwe paliponse pali maluwa ambiri, komanso zipatso zambiri zabwino ndi zipatso. Zoyenera kuchita ngati mavu akumwa?

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana bala kuti lidalipobe. Nthawi zambiri, sichikhala pachilondacho, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi njuchi, imalumikizidwa kumtunda wa kachilombo ndipo ilibe poyambira. Mbola imatha kukhalabe m'zilonda ngati mavuwo aphedwa panthawi yakuluma. Chifukwa chake, mbola ikapezeka, iyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala.
Kenako muyenera kutsuka bala ndi mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, hydrogen peroxide, yankho la potaziyamu permanganate wothira ndi ammonia kapena ayodini, wobiriwira wanzeru. Pambuyo pa mankhwala, paketi ya ayezi iyenera kuyikiridwa pachilonda, izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa poizoni. Palibe chifukwa chomwe chimayenera kufooketsedwa, chifukwa ndizotheka kuyambitsa matenda m'thupi ndikupangitsa kukula kwa kutupa.
Ngati palibe mankhwala opha majekiseni pafupi, mutha kulumikiza pepala lochotsa bala, lomwe linatsukidwa kale ndikusenda. Tsamba la dandelion lidzachita.
Wovutitsidwayo akuyenera kutsimikizira kuti boma limamwa mowa wambiri. Kuti achite izi, amatha kupatsidwa tiyi kapena madzi otentha otentha.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikofunikira kumwa ma antihistamines kuti mupewe kukula kwa ziwengo.

Malangizo onsewa ndioyenera ngati munthu akudwala kamodzi.

Ngati kulumidwa mobwerezabwereza, komanso ngati khosi, lilime, ndi mkanda zitavulala, muyenera kufunsa dokotala!

Zotsatira za kuluma kwa nyanga

Kuluma kwa mavu ndi ovipositor wosinthika. Koma akagwidwa, kachilombo amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida. Ikalumidwa ndi mbola, imayamwa poizoni pakhungu, pomwe pamatuluka zotupa, limodzi ndi ululu woyaka, kuyamwa ndi redness.

Zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri ngati wolakwiridwayo ndi munthu wolephera. Chifukwa cha kuwuma kwa mavu, amatha kumva kutentha kwambiri, kuzizira, chizungulire, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba komanso kuwawa kwambiri - kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic, komwe, kukukula msanga, kumatha kubweretsa kutsamwa.

Kuluma kowopsa kwa ma lilime, masaya ndi m'mimba. Zomwe zili pachiwopsezo kwambiri ndi kusala kwa tulo kwa ana ndi okalamba. Pankhaniyi, funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Gawani: Palibe ndemanga

Poti kukumba kapena mchenga-luba kapena ammophile ndi mavu omwe amakumba mabowo panthaka youma. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mavu omwe akukumba ndi thupi lake lalitali. Monga lamulo, mtunduwo ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi malo owoneka ofiira kapena ofiira ofiira kumapeto pamimba kwambiri.

Wokumba kukumba mwaluso kwambiri. Pochita izi, amagwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri: zolimba, zowongoka zomwe zimathandiza kuti mavuwo alume m'nthaka ndikutsegula, ndipo kutsogolo kumakhala ndi mabulangeti osakhwima, omwe ndi mabulashi omwe amathandiza kuyang'ana m'nthaka. Zidole sizimasiya ntchito pafupi ndi chisa chake.

Kukumba mavu (Crabronidae).

Pesko-lyubka amatchera dothi pakati pa chifuwa ndi mutu, ndikuwanyamula kuchokera ku chisa mpaka masentimita 10.

Imakwiya kukhumudwa komwe kumakhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi lake, ndipo pansi pake ndikupanga chipinda chachikulu komwe ana ake adzapezekapo. Pa ntchito ngati imeneyi, mavu amafunika kunyamula malo ambiri, nthawi iliyonse ikasinthidwa ndi mapampu ang'onoang'ono. Ntchito yayikulu ngati imeneyi imangotenga mphindi 45 kuti pangochotsa mavu.

Dzina lina lokumba mavu ndi mavu amchenga.

Chisa chikakhala kuti chakonzeka, ammophile amachoka kukafunafuna womuzunzayo. Asanawuluke, njuchi imaphimba chisa ndi timitengo, miyala ing'ono ndi makhosi a dziko lapansi. Imagwira mbozi, pomwe mboziyo imatha kupitirira kukula kwake.

Boti limayenera kukoka katundu wolemera ndi kukokera ku chisa, pamenepo ndipamene limatha kupuma pang'ono.Pakati pa zisa zambiri, mzimayiyo amadzizindikiritsa yekha, amazitulutsa, ndi kukokera womuyambayo. Kupukutira kwa mafunde kumayika dzira limodzi pa thupi la mboziyo, pambuyo pake kuyala chisa.

Wamkazi wamkazi amawotcha zisa zake mumchenga, kenako amaikira mazira pamenepo.

Ogwira ntchito zachilengedwe kuyambira kalekale amasirira changu cha mavu onyentchera, koma posachedwapa ndi akatswiri awiri achi Dutch omwe adaphunzira za udindowu mosamala. Pa maphunziro, mawonekedwe ammophila adadziwika. Chikazi chikasindikiza chisa, chimatha kuyamba kupanga chatsopano, kapena kutsegula chisa chomangidwa.

Uwu ndi mkhalidwe wodabwitsa, chifukwa mavu ambiri sabwerera ku zisa zotsekedwa. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimangoyang'ana chisa, ndipo nthawi zina zimabwerako ndi nyama yatsopano, ndikubwezeretsa mphutsi ndi chakudya chatsopano.

Nyanga

Hornet (Vespa crabro), banja la Real Wasp

Nthawi zina ndimawona ma buluzi owuluka, koma sakhala, ndiye kuti ndimalephera. Lero ndikuyenda m'mphepete mwa nkhalangomo, mwadzidzidzi ndikuwona nyanga ina ikuwuluka. Amagwira mbawala ya mpendadzuwa kuchokera mu udzu ndikulendewera pansi. Ndikulira kwamphamvu, nyangoyi imangoyang'ana pa tinyanga ndi elytra, imagwera mu udzu.

Kenako nyanga ija inawuluka ndikugwira nyama. Zikuoneka kuti anapita kukadyetsa ana. Hornets amadyetsa mphutsi ndi tizilombo. Ma horne nawonso amadya timadzi tokoma, msuzi wa zipatso, ndi maapozi okoma a aphid. Amakhala zisa za pepala m'maenje ndi m'malo apamwamba.

Ma Hornets nthawi zambiri samakhudza munthu ngati sakwera chisa chawo. Nthawi zambiri ma horne awiri amayang'anira chisa ndipo akakhala pachiwopsezo ayimbani enawo.

Oopsa kwambiri ndi poizoni wa ma hornets aku Asia.

Bee Wolf, Philanthus triangulum

Mimbulu ya njuchi, philanthus (Philanthus triangulum), banja la Mchenga (kukumba) mavu (Crabronidae)

Ndidayenda mnjira ija ndipo ndidawona chinsalu chooneka bwino chikuuluka mlengalenga. Anali ndi mutu waukulu ndipo nthawi zambiri sanali ngati mavu wamba. Ndidayimirira ndikudikirira kuti wasp ndikhale pa mphukira ya chimanga. Adayamba kuyeretsa miyendo yake yakumbuyo.

Kunyumba, ndidawerenga zomwe zidali ndipo ndidazindikira kuti akufuna njuchi.

Ma philanthropists akuluakulu amadya timadzi tokoma, koma wamkazi amadyetsa mphutsi ndi njuchi. Kudyetsa mphutsi imodzi, njuchi zinayi ndizofunikira.

Phulusa limakumba mink pamalo otsetsereka, ndikuyika dzira. Ziphuphu zikagwidwa, mayi wosamala amasaka. Amakumbukira komwe adakhalako chisa chake ndi miyala ndi zinthu zina zowazungulira.
Atagwira njuchi, mavu amapha ndi kufinya timadzi tokoma - timadzi tokoma timene timagwira poizoni, ndipo kwa mavu ndi mankhwala. Kenako mavu amatenga mphutsi.

Mwa njira, dzulo ndidayang'ananso kusaka kwa nyanga. Anagwira cholakwika, ndikuyeretsa ndi mapiko ake, kupanga mpira nkuulanda.

Wowumba zinyalala

Eumenes, subfamily of eumene wasps (mavu khoma, mavu owumbi, mapiritsi a piritsi - Eumenidae)

Maulu okongola awa amapangira ana awo nyumba monga mawonekedwe a mbiya zadongo - mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi jug ya momwe ilili.

Mkati mwa chimbudzi, dzira limapachikidwa pa cobweb ndipo mbozi yofa ziwala kapena mphutsi zimayikidwa - chakudya cha mphutsi za mavu.

Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Choyamba, ndikuwuzani za nkhani yoyipa mwa miyezo yanga, yomwe idayamba munjira yoyenera. Mamuna m'modzi amafuna kupachika chandelier ndipo anapeza bowo kudenga. Kodi zingakhale zofala kwambiri? Chida chidathamangira mu kenakake ndipo adaganiza zofunsa kuti ...

Yang'anani! Kwa anthu oganiza bwino kwambiri, chonde taganizirani zotsatirapo za kukhala ndi mphaka

Pano kupatukana kotereku kunapezeka pamenepo, koma ndi chiyani? Ndikofunikira kuzinyamula ...

Aaaaaaaaaa! Kodi wopondera moto wanga ali kuti!

Akangaude ena! ZOOPA!

Zachokera kuti! Chikumbutso nthawi yomweyo ...

Ndiye ndi chiyani ndipo ndani adachita? Koma kukongola uku Matope oyenda :

Chithunzi 1.

Ma burrowing mavu, ma sphecids (Sphecidae), banja la tizilombo tokhala ndi ma pathetic hymenopteran. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 60 mm, mtundu wakuda, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe achikasu kapena ofiira, expressionotum yopapatiza. Pafupifupi mitundu 12,000 yafalikira m'dera lonse la USSR, pafupifupi mitundu 1000.

Chithunzi 2.

Mavu akuluakulu amafesa timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Mitundu yonse ya ma Burrowing Wasp apanga chisamaliro cha ana awo. Mkazi wothira manyowa amamanga chisa chokhala ndi khungu limodzi kapena maselo angapo, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndikung'ung'udza pansi, nthawi zambiri - gawo mu khungwa kapena nkhuni kapena chisa choumbidwa ndi dongo.

Chithunzi 3.

Chakudya cha mphutsi ndi mitundu yochepa ya tizilombo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ya arachnids, yomwe mitundu yambiri ya nyama za Burrowing imafooka ndi mbola kudzera m'mitsempha yamafungo (mwanjira iyi, nyama yodyedwa imakhala yatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali). Chikazi chimadzaza khungu lililonse ndi chakudya cham'tsogolo, chimayikira dzira 1 limodzi ndikusindikiza khungu. Mitundu yocheperako imapereka chakudya ku chisa mu nthawi yonseyi yophukira.

Mitundu ya mtundu wa Lasra, ikuwumitsa chimbalangondo, osamanga zisa, koma siyani kachilombo komwe kali ndi dzira lomwe lidayikiramo.

Kufunika kwa mavu okumbako ndi kwakung'ono, nkhandwe imavulaza njuchi, kudyetsa mphutsi zake ndi njuchi.

Chithunzi 4.

Ammophila, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sand-luba, - zodziwika bwino kwa ambiri kukumba mavu ndikumanga makungwa munthaka yopanda dothi. Ammophilus amadziwika mosavuta ndi thupi lake lalitali loonda, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lakuda, lokhala ndi malo ofiira kapena ofiira ofiira kumapeto pamimba. Wodziwa kukumba amagwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri: zamphamvu, zowongoka, pomwe mavu amalumikizana ndi dothi kuti amumasule, ndi miyendo yakutsogolo yokhala ndi mabulangete onyansa, omwenso ndi mavuwo.

Palibe chofufumitsa mozungulira chisa. Zingwe zimadontha ndikukupondaponda dothi pakati pa mutu ndi chifuwa - atero, pansi pa chibwano - ndikuwanyamula kupita kumbali, ndikuwuluka kutali ndi mgodi ndi ma sentimita khumi ndi awiri. Atatulutsa shaft yopendekera yotalika pafupifupi kutalika kwa thupi lake, mavu amapanga chipinda chake chambiri pansi, pomwe adzaikamo mbozi zingapo ndi ana ake omwe. Ngakhale ndikofunikira kutulutsa ndikuyika pambali malo ambiri, ndikutenga mchenga zingapo nthawi iliyonse, kupanga chisa kumangotenga pafupifupi mphindi 45 kwa ammophile.

Chithunzi 6.

Kenako yaikaziyo imapita kukafunafuna nyama, koma isananyamuke iye atatseka chisa ndikubisala pakamwa pa mbewa ndi zotumphuka za pansi, miyala kapena nthambi. Pambuyo pogwira mbozi, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yayikulu kuposa iyo, mavuwo amakokera chisa chake ndi choko, koma m'malo ena imatha kuwuluka pang'ono. Mwa zisa zambiri, mzimayiyo amapeza zake, ndikutsegula ndikukukokera nyama m'chipindacho. Pa thupi la mboziyo, kenako amaikira dzira limodzi ndi kusindikiza chisa. Pakadali pano, mavu samangotseka pakhomo lolowera dzenjelo, komanso amataya mchenga ndi miyala ndipo umalowanso pamwamba kotero kuti ndizosatheka kupeza pakhomo.

Chithunzi 7.

Khama komanso kutha kwa ma ammophiles kwadabwitsa chidwi cha akatswiri azachilengedwe, koma posachedwapa akatswiri awiri amtundu wa Chidatchi omwe adaphunzira mwatsatanetsataneyu adapeza chinthu chimodzi chodabwitsa chazomwe amachita. Adazindikira kuti, atasindikiza chisa, chachikazi imatha kumanganso yotsatira kapena kutsegula chisa chomwe chidamangidwa kale. Izi pakokha sizachilendo - mavu okhaokha samabwerera m'mayina awo osindikizidwa. Kufufuzako, anaphunziranso kuti nthawi zina zazikazi zimangoyendera chisa paulendo wachiwiri, ndipo nthawi zina, zikafufuza, zimawuluka ndikubwerera m'chisa, koma ndi nyama: zimapereka chakudya chatsopano cha mphutsi zomwe zadya kale mbozi yoyamba. Pambuyo pobwezeretsa, mavu akusindikiza chisa ndikuchisiya kwa masiku angapo. Pakadali pano, akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito chisa chachitatu, kuyendera chachiwiri, kenako ndikubwerera kwa woyamba, ndikuwonjezera nyimbo zingapo kenako ndikumatula.

Chithunzi 8.

Pankhaniyi ammophile samangoyika pakhomo lolowera chisa ndi timiyala, komanso mutu wake, ngati nyundo, amawayendetsa m'malo mwake ndi mphamvu. Nthawi zina amagwira mwala ndi mandibles ndikunyamula dothi nawo - imodzi mwazinthu ziwiri zodziwika pogwiritsa ntchito "zida" ndi tizilombo. Tsopano chisa chimasindikizidwa mwamphamvu, chachikazi chachita zonse zofunikira kuti mwana wake woyamba kubadwa - wamupatsa chakudya chokwanira kuti amalize gawo lake lodzala ndikumata munyanja yotetezedwa. Kenako ammophile amakonzanso zofunikira mu chisa chachiwiri, kumaliza kumaliza kusakanikirana kachitatu, ndipo nthawi zina amayamba kumanga chachinayi.

Chithunzi 9.

Chifukwa chake wasp yaying'ono nthawi yomweyo amasamalira zisa zitatu m'malo osiyanasiyana. Amapeza chisa chilichonse msanga, ngakhale zonse zilibe kanthu ndipo ndizazunguliridwa ndi zisa zambiri zomwezi. Amadziwa nthawi yoti adzacheze ndi chakudya chiti. Pambuyo paulendo uliwonse, wasp mwachidziwikire amakumbukira ndendende zomwe akuyenera kuchita: komwe angagone dzira, komwe angatseke mbewa zosatha, kuti akabweretsere gulu lotsatira mbozi za mphutsi zomwe zikukula. Kuphatikiza apo, mavu amadziwa komwe angatengere mbozi imodzi, kuti ingapo kangapo, komanso komwe sikubwera chilichonse. Zambiri zomwe zalandiridwa ndi mavu kuchokera pachisa izi zimasungidwa mosiyana ndi zomwe zalandira kuchokera ku zisa zina. Yaikazi nthawi zambiri imayendera chisa, chomwe chikufunanso chakudya china kuposa ena, mwachidziwikire, imalandira chilimbikitso kuchokera kwa iye kuti chifufuze mbozi. Atayendera chisa chotsatira pambuyo pa chisa china, atha kulandiridwanso komweko koma sadzaiwala komwe kuli zisa zina kapena zosowa zawo.
Chithunzi 10.

Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zam'madzi ku France, mphunzitsi wa kumidzi, a Jean Henri Fabre (1823-1915) adaphunzira mavuyi mosamala, ndipo momwe adawonera ndi tizilombo tina adalembedwa mu buku la magawo khumi la Entomological Memories. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amafufuza nthawi zambiri zomwe anali kuwona ndi maula okumba, mchenga ammophile (Ammophila sabulosa ) Chipukutchi chimakhala pamalo otseguka ndipo osavutitsa anthu, kutalika kwa thupi lake locheperako kumafika mamilimita 28. Maola omwe ndimamuwona, ndimaganizira imodzi mwazinthu zabwino komanso zopindulitsa mu sayansi yanga.

Kumapeto kwa Meyi, kukumba mavu kukuyamba nthawi yakukhwima. Patsiku ladzuwa lotentha, chachikazi chimayamba kuwuluka mozungulira mtunda wokutidwa ndi heather, mpaka atapeza danga lotseguka lamchenga, amakhala pansi ndikukumba mink yokhala ndi kamera yakukula kumapeto. Kenako, atayala khomo la 'chisa'chi ndi miyala kapena matumphuka, amayambanso kuwuluka kudutsa. Ndipo kenako chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chikuchitika. Atawona mbozi yobiriwira, ammophile amaweramira, nkumugwira ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi lake ndikuluma (zonsezi zikuwoneka bwino pachithunzi pansipa) mumsewu wamanjenje yomwe ili pansipa.

Poizoni amangoletsa mboziyo, koma osipha. Kenako mavu amatulutsira chonde chake ku chisa, ndikuchiyika pakhomo, ndikutsegula bowo, ndikukwera chisa chija ngati kuti chikuwoneka, chikubowoka ndipo, ndikubwerera, ndikukoka mboziyo komweko. Chidutswachi chimayikira dzira pamgodi wogundidwa, chimatulukiranso kumtunda ndi kubweretsa mbozi inanso mgodi womwewo, ndi zina zotero mpaka chisa chidzadzaza ndi ana a mtsogolo - mbozi zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zikadalipobe. Pakapita kanthawi, mphutsi zimatuluka mazira, zomwe zimasenda kugwa, ndipo mavu omalizira omwe adakhazikika kale azichita chimodzimodzi ngati makolo awo.

Chithunzi 11.

Khalidwe la ammophile wokongola (wokhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunikira) limakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika omwe amayambitsidwa ndi zokopa zina, mwachitsanzo, pakuwona kutalika kwa mchenga kapena mbozi. Fabre adawonetsa mkhalidwe wosavomerezeka wa mavu ndi zoyesayesa zodziwika bwino izi, zomwe adachita pa mavu omwe amadya ziwala. Kompuku kameneka koteroko litabweretsa nyama yake pachisa, ndikuyiyika pakhomo ndikusoweka mu dzenje, Fabre adakankhira kachikena (kachasu) kutali ndi chisa. Wotulutsayo watuluka, ndikuyamba kufunafuna nyama yake, ndikuikoka nayo kukhomo lolowera m'chisa ndikuikweranso kuti ikayang'ane mink. Fabre adanyamulanso udzuwo kutali ndi khomo, ndipo njira yonseyo idabwerezedwanso. Nthawi makumi anayi motsatana, nyamayo idachokapo pakhomo, ndipo m'malo onse makumi anai phokoso lidalinso chimodzimodzi.

Palibe wasp yemwe amatha kuphunzira zomwe zimachitika. Machitidwe ake pakuwona malo ochepa mchenga wowala, mbozi (pali, komabe, akupukutira mavu omwe amangosaka akangaude) kapena kulowa chisa, momwe amachitiramo izi asanachitike ndikuyang'ana chisa sichina koma zovuta kuzimva. Vutoli - chisa chomwe chili ndi ziwalo zakugona patsogolo pake - chimayambitsa cheke nthawi zonse, ngakhale cheke ichi chakhala chikuchitika kangapo konse ndipo kwa wowonayo mkhalidwe wabwinoko umawoneka wosafunikira kwenikweni. Chilichonse chimachitika ngati nyamayo imachita zinthu mokakamizidwa. Pofuna kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe osavuta pazinthu zovuta, mtundu wamtunduwu umatchedwa nzeru zachibadwa.

Instinct ndi mtundu wobadwira wamakhalidwe womwe umachitika ngati kuti malinga ndi dongosolo. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wamakono, tikulankhula za pulogalamu yamkati yazikhalidwe. Kuti muphunzire zachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kuwunikira mitundu iwiri. Choyamba, kuphunzira zomwe zimayambitsa nyama, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizoyambitsa chibadwa. Kachiwiri, kuti mudziwe zomwe zimachitikazo. M'njira zonsezi, funso limabuka: kodi ndiwobadwa nawo kapena wopeza? Ampophile atagwira mbozi ndikumaimata, ntchito yolimbana ndi maula iyenera kuyanjanitsidwa m'njira inayake. Conrad Lorentz adatcha kuti mgwirizano wolumikizana wolingana. Pafupifupi zaka zambiri Fabre atafufuza, katswiri wazomera wa ku Netherlands, Niko Tinbergen, adatha kuyankha funso lotsatirali: Kodi malo okumbako amakwanitsa bwanji kuti pakhomo pake pakhale chobisidwa, chomwe chiri pamchenga, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimadzadza ndi Heather?

Chithunzi 12.

Kwa munthu, kulowa pakhomo la chisa sikungafanane ndi mchenga wozungulira. Komabe, mavu amawapeza molondola kwambiri. Mnzanga waku Dutch adazindikira kuti mavuwo amapeza khomo lolowera m'chisa, motsogozedwa ndi mitundu yakunja yazofotokoza. Pazoyesa zake, adachotsa kapena kusunthira malo omwe anali otheka - masamba a udzu, miyala ya miyala, nthambi zamtunduwu - ndipo potero adasokoneza mavuwo ndikubwerera ndi nyama: adayesetsa kupeza chisa chake kumalo komwe kunalibe. Kuyesera koteroko kunali kosangalatsa kwambiri: pomwe mink adayikidwapo, khomo lolowera mkati mwake idapangidwa ndi matabwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amatha kukhala owongolera. Nditamaliza kugwira ntchito, mavu, monga nthawi zonse nthawi zotere, adatseka khomo la chisa ndikuuluka n kupita kukasaka. Pobwerera ndi nyama, adathamangira pamalo oyenera ndikuchita zikhalidwe zonse. Koma ngati atasowa mabanjawo anakonzedwanso, sanapeze chisa chake.

Izi zidatsimikizira kuti kupukutira kwakumapeto, kusiya chisa, kukumbukira malo ozungulira kenako ndikuyang'ana zolimbikitsa zomwe zimapezeka m'deralo. Chifukwa chake, mayendedwe ake pakubwerera amakhala. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapeza chisa pokhapokha ngati zonse zomwe taziona kuzungulira chisa sichisasinthe. Koma mavuwo amakhudzidwa ndi zokondweretsa zina, monga tanena kale, ndi mawonekedwe opanda mawonekedwe. Chifukwa chake, kusaka ndikuyang'ana chisa ndichosiyana pakati pa zocitika zambiri za mavu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zitsimikizire kupitilizidwa kwa mtunduwo. Ambiri mwa mitundu yosatha yopanda mawonekedwe imaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amodzi.

Titha kunena kuti mavu, akuuluka kutali ndi chisa, amaphunzira kanthu. Komabe, sizokayikitsa kuti aliyense angaganize kuti chilichonse chomwe chimamuchitikira akuthawa komanso akabwerera ndi nyama ndi lingaliro. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zimaphunzirapo pankhaniyi. Izi ndi zoyipa chabe zoyambitsidwa chifukwa cha zomwe maep omwe amapeza amapezeka. Zochita zotsala za mavu - kukumba chisa, kuyala khomo, njira yolumikizira nyama, etc. - zimachitika mwachilengedwe. Izi zitha kutchedwa cholowa cha minofu cholumikizira kapena, malinga ndi Pavlov, zovuta zowonjezera.

Chithunzi 13.