Rasipiberi wamba, Byturus tomentosus, Trixagus sambuci, kachilomboka wa Raspbeny
Coleoptera (Beetles) - Coleoptera
Tizilombo ta rasipiberi - tizilombo tambiri rasipiberi: zobiriwira komanso zakuthengo. Amadutsa zakudya zowonjezera pamatcheri, plums, minga, currants, gooseberries, nandolo, mafupa, mabulosi akuda, mitengo ya apulo, mapeyala, phulusa lamapiri. Kubereka bisexual. Kukula kwatha. Chikumbu ndi mphutsi nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka. M'badwo umakhala pachaka, pang'ono pang'ono.
Dinani pa chithunzi kuti mukulitse
Morphology
Imago. Mdudu. Maonekedwe amthupi ndi opindika, mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda ndi amtambo. Kutalika - 3.8-4.3 kapena 5-6.5 mm. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda kapena lachikasu lomwe limapatsa thupi la tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Antennae magawo 11, obooka.
Monga mamembala onse a banja la Malinnikov (Byturidae), kumbuyo kwa mbedza kolekanitsidwa, gawo loyamba la tarsi lifupikitsidwe kwambiri, nsapato zazitali, pamwamba pa tsitsi lolimba.
Dzira. Mawonekedwe ake ndi amlitali, achikasu kapena oyera, pafupifupi 1 mm kutalika.
Larva wopangidwa ndi nyongolotsi wokhala ndi miyendo itatu ya miyendo yaying'ono. Utoto wa mtundu wopindika ndi wofiirira kapena wachikasu, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lowala. Pagawo lililonse kuchokera kumbuyo kumakhala magawo obiriira a bulauni. Pa gawo la chisanu ndi chinayi la pamimba pamimba ziwiri zopindika, zolumikizidwa. Mutu umawoneka bwino, wamtambo wakuda. Kutalika - 6-6.5 mm.
Poll mtundu woyera. Kutalika - 3.5-5 mm.
Phenology ya chitukuko (m'masiku)
Tizilombo ta rasipiberi
Tizilombo timayambitsa zovuta zambiri kwa olima dimba. Kuti musunge zipatso zabwino, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungathanirane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tizilombo ta rasipiberi, weevil, bug, rasipiberi ntchentche, nthanga ya kangaude imatha kuvulaza mabulosi. Ingoganizirani mafotokozedwe a tizilombo, njira zoyendetsera, zomwe mungachite ngati rasipiberi ndi mphutsi.
Kufotokozera kwa rasipiberi Beetle
Tizilombo tomwe timawononga mabulosi amatchedwa kachiromboka. M'malo achilengedwe, kachilombo ka rasipiberi kamatha kukhazikika pa tchire la raspulosi, komanso ndiwowopsa kwa raspberries munyumba yachilimwe.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatha kusiya wamaluwa popanda raspberries. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuwoneka kwa kachilombo ka rasipiberi koyamba, kachilombo kakang'ono kali ndi chotupa. Kukhazikika pamasamba a rasipiberi, kachilomboka kakuyamba kuyikira mazira pa maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira. Kukula kwa kachilombo wamkulu ndi 4 mm. Tizilomboti timakhala tofiirira kapena chikasu, thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono.
Akakhwima, kachilomboka amatulutsa mazira, pomwe mphuthu zimatuluka. M'mawonekedwe, amafanana ndi nyongolotsi yoyera. Amakula kutalika mpaka 7 mm, khungu limakutidwa ndi tsitsi. Mphutsi zimadya rasipiberi, ndipo amatha kuwononga kukoma kwawo ndi maonekedwe ake ogulitsa. Ngati rasipiberi atakwinyidwa ndikuyamba kuwonongeka, ndiye kuti tchire limakhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka.
Ndikayamba masika, nsikidzi zimayambitsidwa. Dothi likayamba kutentha mpaka madigiri 12, limayamba kukwawa pansi ndikunyamula tchire la rasipiberi. Pamene masamba akukula, kachilombo ka rasipiberi limadya masamba achichepere. Mbuluzi zimayenda pansi komanso mumlengalenga, zimawuluka momasuka kutchire kupita ku chitsamba. Ngati rasipiberi samakula pafupi, ndiye kuti amasamukira kumitengo yamaluwa.
Pa cholembera. Wamkazi amayikira mazira mu maluwa. Pakatha sabata, mbozi zimayamba kuswa, zimayamba kudya rasipiberi. Wamkazi amatha kuikira mazira 40.
Duwa lomwe limayamba kuphuka limayamba kumera, kuzimiririka. M'miyezi 1.5, mbozi zimatha kuwononga mbewu yonse. Atatsika ndikugwera pansi ndikuya kuya kwamasentimita 20. Ndikuphukira pansi, mphutsi zimabisala, chaka chamawa zimasunthira ndikusilira pansi kale monga mawonekedwe a cholakwika.
Njira zolimbana
Njira yophatikizidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kachilomboka. Beetle ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kuwononga mbewuzo, ndipo munyengo yatsopano azikhudzanso mbewu.
Njira zogwiritsa ntchito mwachilengedwe komanso mankhwala a prophylaxis motsutsana ndi tizirombo tina amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito kukonzekera kwa mankhwala okha, izi zitha kukhala njira yopanda tanthauzo - mabulosiwa azidyeka ndi mankhwala.
Kusunga mbewu, chinthu choyambirira kuchita ndikupewa kupatsanso tizilombo. Ndibwino kuti mukuwuluka, nkhondo nayo:
- Asanayambe maluwa, tchire rasipiberi amakutidwa ndi mauna a gauze. Izi zimachepetsa kulumikizana kwa chikumbu ndi maluwa,
- Ngati chikumbu cha rasipiberi chikapezeka pakupanga zipatso, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imatsukidwa m'madzi pang'ono amchere. Mphutsi zimakwawa kuchokera pa zamkati, ndipo zimatha kusungidwa,
- Kuchepetsa mabowo mozungulira tchire ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu. Mulch amateteza mphutsizi kulowa pansi nthawi yachisanu. Za mulching, agrospan, spanbond,
- Mimbulu imawopa phulusa ndi manyowa. Kuvala pafupipafupi komanso kufota fumbi ndi phulusa kumathandizira kuwopsya tizilombo,
- Kupaka zitsamba ndi njira yothanirana ndi tizilombo,
- Chikumbu chimadya masamba rasipiberi. Tchire limathandizidwa ndimadzimadzi a Bordeaux, izi zimathandizira kupewa matenda a fungus, amachepetsa kukoma kwa masamba,
- Beetles silivomereza nthaka yachonde, dothi limathira mchere pogwiritsa ntchito utuchi,
- Chapakatikati, dothi lozungulira chitsamba limakumbidwa, ndikudzaza kachilomboka. Muyenera kukumba mosamala, pali mwayi wowononga mizu,
- Mabasi amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziwunikidwa pafupipafupi kuti atizilombo. Ngati cholakwika chapezeka, chimayenera kugwedezeka mchidebe kapena nyuzipepala ndikuwonongeka. M'mawa ndi madzulo, kachilombo ka rasipiberi ndi kotupa, ndikosavuta kusonkhanitsa,
- Kulima dothi m'dzinja. Dothi lomwe ladzadza ndi fumbi la fodya. Udzu udzu pamalo pomwe raspberries amakula ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi mizu.
Wochekera zitsamba za rasipiberi
Kutanthauzira kwa tizilombo
Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mbewu iwononge ndi rasipiberi, wotchedwanso rasipiberi (Byturus tomentosus). Ngakhale kukula kwake ndi kocheperako (4-6 mm), kachilomboka kofiyira kameneka kamawononga kwambiri rasipiberi. Amatulutsa ana ambiri osusuka, omwe nthawi yakututa amakhala ndi nthawi yoti awononge zipatso zambiri, ndipo ndi kuphatikiza zochuluka - zimathandizira osamalira dimba la zinthu zabwino.
Tizilombo ta rasipiberi
Masipuni amayamba kulakwitsa kale kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi pomwe nthaka imatentha mpaka +10. + 12 ° C. Choyamba, amadzaza m'mimba ndi masamba achichepere ndi timadzi tokoma ta maluwa oyamba kutulutsa maluwa, amakonda namsongole. Komabe, kafadala sanyansanso mbewu zobzalidwa: tizilombo timawononga masamba, masamba ndi maluwa a mitengo ya apulo, mapeyala, plums, yamatcheri, currants, ndi zina zambiri.
Pazakudya zotsekemera, tizilombo timatulutsa masamba omwe mumakonda kwambiri. Mbalame zimasamukira ku tchire ndikudya masamba ang'ono, kenako ndikupanga mazira. Yaikazi imayika dzira limodzi aliyense mu masamba a rasipiberi kapena thumba losunga mazira, ndipo m'nthawi yochepa imakwanitsa kuyika zidutswa 50. Pafupifupi 6 mm kutalika kwa mphutsi kuchokera kwa iwo, omwe nthawi yomweyo amayamba kudya zamkati za zipatso.
Mphutsi za rasipiberi zimagwira ntchito. Chithunzi chochokera ku vechorka.ru
Kudyetsa mphutsi kumapitiliza kwa miyezi 1.5, kotero kuti wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amatenga modabwitsa pokolola. Mutha kupeza zipatso zopanda mphutsi, koma ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa - zipatso zotere nthawi zambiri zimavunda mu phesi, zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zoyipa.
Atakhuta, mphutsi zimasiya zipatso zowonongekazo ndikugwera munthaka pafupi ndi tchire lakuya masentimita 5 mpaka 20, pomwe zimasenda ndi "kukhwima" - kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena Seputembala amasintha kukhala kachilombo. Zomwezo, zimakhalabe nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka, ndipo nthawi yotsatira masika zimapatsa ana enanso tizirombo.
Njira za Agrotechnical
Musanayambe nthata ya kachilomboka ndi kachilomboka rasipiberi, yang'anani pabedi panu ndi rasipiberi - kodi ndiwakuda kwambiri? Popeza nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira kukumba pansi pakati pa mizere ya mabulosi, komanso kumasula dothi mozungulira tchire kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa mphutsi zosafunikira ndi kafadala, kusamalira kubwezeretsa kwa njirazi ndikuyamba kuwononga kubzala kwa rasipiberi.
Zitsamba zopindika zimathandizira kubzala mosavuta
Patangotsala pang'ono kutulutsa maluwa, kafadala atayamba kusuntha ma ense kumera ku rasipiberi tchire, kufalitsa tarp, filimu kapena zinthu zina pansi pawo, kenako ndikugwedeza nthambi mwamphamvu. Otaya mawonekedwe awo ndikuwononga tizirombo tisonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga. Anthu ena okhala chilimwe, omwe ali ndi nthawi yaulere, amavala mwachikondi tchire la rasipiberi ndi zinthu zowala zosakongoletsedwa posachedwa masamba atayamba kupanga ndikuchotsa pogona pawo mutaphuka. Chotchinga chotchinga chotere chimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa "alendo atsopano" ndikuteteza mbewu zamtsogolo kuti zisawonongeke.
Chotsani namsongole pafupi ndi rasipiberi nthawi zonse
Panyengo, chotsani msipu pafupipafupi ndi maudzu rasipiberi ndipo mwachindunji pansi pa tchire - pambuyo pobisalira, kachilomboka kayamba kuzala msanga zomera. Ngati pafupi ndi mizere ya raspiberi sipamakhala "nyambo" zotere, nsikidzi zidzagwa m'malo ena.
M'buku lathu, kuphatikiza zomwe zapezeka m'masitolo pa intaneti, mutha kupeza gawo lochulukirapo la ophunzira. Sankhani kudulira munda.
Zithandizo za anthu
Malinga ndi odziwa zamaluwa, kachilombo ka rasipiberi kakuchepa pansi mothandizidwa ndi ufa wamba wa mpiru. Kutengera ndi chikhalidwe chathu chaku khitchini, muyenera kukonzekera njira ya 10 l yamadzi ndi 100 g ya ufa ndi kupukutira tchire rasipiberi ndi iwo nthawi yayitali mukangotsika maluwa.
Phula la mpiru liyenera kukonza raspberries pa budding ndipo nthawi yomweyo mafuwa atagwa
Kuphika soda sikuthandizanso pankhaniyi. Ndi yankho la koloko (10 tbsp.spoons pa 10 l yamadzi), mabulosi amawachotsa posachedwa maluwa - munthawi yomwe rasipiberi amakonzekera dzira kuti liyang'anire ndi kuweta. Zodalirika, njirayi imabwerezedwanso pambuyo pa maluwa.
Sililekerera raspiberi kachilomboka kafungo ka tansy - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo ndi chikhazikitso chozikidwa pa izi kumathandiza kuthamangitsa tiziromboti munthaka. Popeza tansy imadziunjikira kuchuluka kwamafuta ofunikira pakukula kwamaluwa, zimakhala zomveka kuti tisunge zinthu zosafunikira zamankhwala amtsogolo (zitsamba zokulira zamtchire izi zimamasula patapita nthawi yopanda rasipiberi) kapena kugula zogulitsa zopangidwa kale ku pharmacy.
Popeza kusanza kumadzaza mafuta okwanira pakulima, ndizomveka kusungitsa zinthu zosafunikira zakumwa zam'tsogolo
2 mapaketi azitsamba azitsamba amathiridwa mu madzi okwanira 1-2 malita ndikuwatsimikizira kwa tsiku limodzi. Kenako ikani moto ndi kulowetsa kwa theka la ola. Zitatha izi, msuzi umasefedwa, voliyumu imasinthidwa kukhala 10 l ndipo tchire limafafaniza isanayambe kapena kutuluka. Momwemonso amachitira ndi udzu wawo, pogwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma wa 150-200 g (inflorescence wokhala ndi mphukira 10-15 cm kutalika) pa 10 l lamadzi.
Fumbi la fodya ladziwonetsa lokha polimbana ndi ma raspulosi - tizilombo tachilengedwechi timagulitsidwa m'malo ogulitsira. Kukonzekera yankho la ntchito, 250-300 g ya fumbi la fodya limatsanuliridwa m'malita 10 a madzi otentha ndikusiyidwa kuti adzapatse kwa masiku awiri. Kenako madzi onunkhirawo amasefa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera tchire la rasipiberi nthawi yomweyo.
Fumbi la fodya lazitsimikizira polimbana ndi rasipulosi. Chithunzi chochokera kwa ionas.ru
Rasipiberi tizilombo
Tizilombo ta rasipiberi: chithunzi cha tizilombo
Ichi ndi cholakwika ndi kutalika kotsikira thupi 4-4.3 mm kutalika. Imakutidwa kwathunthu ndi imvi komanso chikasu. Order Coleoptera (banja la rasipiberi). Kuyika mazira mu maluwa kapena ana ambiri ovala mazira. Makhalidwe elytra a imvi ndi tint wakuda. Kufotokozera mu gawo lakhwima la mphutsi: limawoneka ngati mbozi mpaka 7 mm kutalika. Zomangira zimawonekera kumbuyo.
Akuluakulu onse komanso mphutsi zimayambitsa mavuto. Tizilombo timamera mu m'badwo umodzi. Tizilombo ta rasipiberi pamtundu wa rasipiberi timawoneka masika pa kutentha kwa madigiri +12. Amatuluka m'madzi, nkusunthira kuthengo, komwe amadya masamba, osatulutsa maluwa ndi maluwa. Amatha kuuluka, kafadala amasamuka ku tchire kupita ku chitsamba. Amasokoneza mafupa, mabulosi amtambo, mabulosi akuda, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, apulo, peyala.
Tizilomboti timayikira dzira m'maluwa, litakhala ndi mwayi wolemba mpaka zidutswa 40 panthawi yomwe ikukula. Pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, mphutsi zokhala ndi ma spikes otulutsidwa zimawonekera. Amphaka amapweteketsa inflorescence mwa kuyenda mu zamkati mwawo ndikuwononga cholandirira. Zindikirani chipatso ndizovuta. Zotsatira zake, zopunduka, zipatso zosakhazikika zimapangidwa. Popita nthawi, zimazimiririka, zimatha. Mphutsi zimadya zipatso zakupsa. Izi zimapitilira masiku 40-45, pomwe ena a iwo amagwera pansi, amagwera m'mayendedwe amoyo, kuti azigwira chaka chotsatira, mu Ogasiti. Ena nthawi yozizira mu mizu, mu dothi lonyowa, lozama, lakuya kwa 0.15-0.20 m. Kuchokera kwa mbozi izi achinyamata akulu amapanga masiku oyamba a Ogasiti chaka chino.
Amawononga mphutsi
Yang'anani! Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kachilomboka ndi mphutsi zake, kuwononga zipatso, zimatha kuwononga mpaka theka la mbewu yomwe ikuyembekezeka.
Momwe akumenyera?
Pofuna kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo m'nthaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njira zodzitetezera:
- Bzalani zakudya zophatikiza feteleza, phulusa.
- Kukonzanso mwadongosolo.
- Wotsekemera tinthu tating'ono, kuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya uzungulira bwino.
- Kuchitidwa kupewa koyambirira kwamankhwala othandizira ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (2%).
- M'masiku omaliza a nthawi yophukira, maudzu atawonongedwa, dothi lomwe lili muzu limakumbidwa, pamodzi ndi kafadala, mphutsi ndi pupae omwe asonkhana nthawi yozizira. Asanayambe kumasula dziko lapansi, limakonkhedwa ndi fumbi la fodya.
- Mulching ndi sponbond "SUF-ks-60. Kupatula udzu ”kapena kudula filakisi.
- Mutha kupanga dothi pang'ono. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito wosanjikiza (masentimita 3-5) wa utuzi wa coniferous pansi pa chitsamba ndi humate.
- Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, mpaka kachilomboka kachokepo, kukumba dothi losaya popanda kuwononga muzu ndi kufinya mapindikidwe a kachilomboka.
- Chifukwa kachilomboka ndikamadya chakudya chamaluwa; kudulidwa kwa rasipiberi sikuyenera kubzalidwa pansi pa mapeyala ndi mitengo ya maapulo.
- Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe takhala m'matchire omwe tatsala pang'ono kutulutsa maluwa, tizilomboti amafunika kugwedezeka mufilimu yofalitsa, nyuzipepala. Kenako yatsani kapena ikani mu emulsion ya palafini wamadzi. Mimbulu imasonkhanitsidwa m'mawa mpaka itachangu.
- Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, chakudya chambiri chikayamba, gwiritsirani ntchito pamwamba pa dothi.
- Chitani kuyang'anira tchire kosatha ndi kusanja zipatso za zipatso zowonongeka, zouma, zouma. Afunika kuwotchedwa.
- Mukakolola, mabulosi kucha amayikidwa mumbale zotsekedwa, mabokosi. Mphutsi zikukwawa ndipo zimatsalira pamalo osungika zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonongeka.
Zigawo za kukula kwa tizilombo
Yang'anani! Ena wamaluwa asamenyane ndi kachilombo ka rasipiberi, samalani agrofibre, gauze, nayiloni. Panthawi yopanga masamba ndikuwonekera kwa maluwa oyamba, chitsamba cha rasipalo chimakutidwa ndi nsalu yam'manja, kutseka kwa tizilombo touluka kupita ku inflorescence. Pambuyo phuma pafupifupi theka la masamba ndi pomwe nsalu imachotsedwa.
Kukula
Imago. Kutuluka kwa kafadala pamalimwe kumawonedwa kumapeto kwa Epulo - theka loyamba la Meyi, pa kutentha kwa kwapamwamba kwa dothi la 12-13 ° C. Poyamba, amapeza zakudya zowonjezera ndi timadzi tokoma komanso maluwa osiyanasiyana obzalidwa ndi namsongole, pambuyo pake amawuluka kwa raspberries.
Kuchuluka kwa rasipiberi nthawi zina kumayamba ngakhale masamba asanawonekere. Zikatere, kafadala ndimadyera masamba achichepere, kenako ndikumapita ku maluwa ndi masamba.Amadula masamba ndikuyamba kudya zipatso. Pocheperako, amawononga mbali zina za maluwa; Nthawi yowonjezera zakudya kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Nthawi yakukalamba. Ikatha nthawi yodyetsa yowonjezera, zazikazi zimayamba kuyikira mazira, ndikuziyika chimodzi, makamaka m'maluwa ndi mazira achichepere. Chonde - 30-40 zidutswa.
Dzira. Kukula kwa Embryonic kumatenga masiku 8-10.
Larva. Pambuyo pa kuwaswa, mphutsi zimayikidwa kwakanthawi pang'onopang'ono pamitengo yazipatso zobiriwira, kenako ndikuluma ndikudyera pamalo ochezera komanso pafupi ndi zovalazo.
Mu chipatso cha rasipiberi, mphutsi zimakula mkati mwa miyezi 1.5, ndikugwira nthawi yakucha zipatso. Atatha kukula, amasiya zipatso ndikugwera pansi panthaka pomwe adadyapo. Apa amadzala m'nthaka ndikumayang'anana m'magulu pazovala masentimita 520.
Mphutsi zina zimagwera mu diapusing, nthawi yozizira ndi kuseweretsa kokha mu Ogasiti chaka chamawa.
Poll amakula mpaka theka loyamba la Ogasiti - theka loyamba la Seputembala.
Imago. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapezeka theka loyamba la Ogasiti - theka loyamba la Seputembala. Amakhala m'nthaka nthawi yachisanu.
Kukonzekera motsutsana ndi rasipiberi kachilomboka
Omwe amathandizira pakapangidwe kazakudya ndi mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kachilomboka.
Pa cholembera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amaloledwa isanayambike nyengo yamaluwa ndi kututa kwathunthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe kumaloledwa nthawi iliyonse (kasupe, chilimwe, nthawi yophukira).
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- Kinmiks (2,5 ml wa madzi 5),
- Karbofos (5 ml pa madzi 5),
- Alatar (2 ml pa madzi 5),
- Spark (1 piritsi 1 malita a madzi).
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe ndi njira za wowerengeka:
- Bitobaxicillin - yotakata sipekitiramu. Mankhwala amakulolani kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nsikidzi,
- Fitoverm (10 ml pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Wothandizira kubereka amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ya zipatso (Juni, Julayi). Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa sizikhudza zipatso,
- Mabasi amathandizidwa ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kumayambiriro kwamasika,
- Spray tchire ndi kulowetsedwa tansy. Udzu umakwiyitsa masamba, fungo limasangalatsa tizilombo,
- Kuumirira 300 g wa fodya m'madzi 5 pa tsiku. Wiritsani yankho, ozizira, kupsinjika. Dulani ndi madzi, onjezerani sopo ochapira, grated, kuthirira tchire ndi yankho lake,
- Kulowetsedwa kwa ufa wa mpiru kumawopseza kachilomboka. Ndikwabwino kuthirira raspiberi m'mawa kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa,
- Njira yophika soda (10 g pa malita 5 amadzi). Kuthilira ndi samba yophika kumawopseza tizilombo ndikuwongolera mawonedwe a mabulosi.
Njira zovuta pakuthana ndi kachilombo ka rasipiberi zitha kulola wamaluwa kusunga mabulosi.
Mankhwala
Ngati cholinga chanu chachikulu ndikuchotsa mwachangu "gulu la rasipiberi", ndipo maphikidwe a wowerengeka amawoneka kuti ndiovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Iwo mu maora ochepa mutapopera mbewuzo kumayambitsa kufa kwa gulu lonse la tizirombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumathandizira kubzala rasipiberi
Kuti muthane ndi raspberries, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "Aliot", "Actellik", "Kinmiks", "Iskra" kapena "Confidor". Njira yothetsera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa imakonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo osankhidwa kukonzekera ndipo kubzala kwa rasipiberi kumakonzedwa pakhungwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo mutaphuka maluwa.
Mutha kusankha mankhwalawa kuthana ndi kachilombo ka rasipiberi mumndandanda wathu, kuphatikiza zomwe zapezeka m'masitolo akuluakulu azisamba. Sankhani zachilengedwe kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Adani awiri akuluakulu a raspberries
1% Karbofos yankho - chida chomwe chingatithandize kuchotsa chikhalidwe chathu chabodza chinyengo kachilombo rasipiberi.
Wamkazi amayikira mazira mu ovary ndi maluwa. M'pofunika kuchitiratu pasadakhale - maluwa musanagwire tchire ndi yankho.
Mdani wina - ntchentche rasipu amapanga mazira pa mphukira zazing'ono za rasipiberi. Pakatha masiku 5-8, ana omwe akuwoneka (mphutsi za lalanje kapena zoyera) adzayamba kudya zipatso zobiriwira za mbewuyo, akamakula pang'ono kufa - mphukira imafota.
Popewa izi, Yankho la Actara muyenera kuwaza tchire kumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Njira zamankhwala zokuwongolera zimabwerezedwa kawiri. Kupanda kutero, simuyenera kudalira chitetezo chomera chothandiza. Mankhwala otchuka:
- Ngati kuchuluka kwa kafadala ndi kwakukulu, kumayambiriro kwa mawonekedwe a masamba opangidwa okha, kuwaza raspberries ndi Karbofos (90 g pachidebe chamadzi).
- 2,5 ml ya Kinmix yothetsera kuchepetsedwa mu 10 L madzi. Kumwaza, kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito 1.5 malita 10 pa zitsamba 10 zilizonse.
- Pankhani yogonjetsedwa kwambiri, njira zowongolera mankhwalawa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito: Njira ya Fufanon (0%) mu gawo la mapangidwe a Spark, piritsi 1 losungunuka mu malita 10 amadzi) isanayambe kapena itatha. Fufanon ndi mankhwala okhazikika. Zowonongeka zake zimapitilira masiku 21-25 kuyambira tsiku lamankhwala.
Inta-Vir Imatsimikizira Kugwira Ntchito
Mutha kuwonjezera mndandanda wamankhwala ndi Fonesiatsid, Inta-Vir, Confidor, Actellik. Konzani mankhwala mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndizotheka kuchita zachuma ngati, poyesa rasipiberi, mbozi 3-4 kapena kachilomboka zikapezeka pachitsamba chimodzi.
Pa cholembera
Masamba a mitundu yosankhidwa ndi zipatso zazikulu amafunika chisamaliro chodwala, chokwanira komanso chosasinthika. Zotsatira za kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa zofunikira zonse ndi malamulo osamalira mbewu sizingangokhala chitsimikizo cha kukolola koyenera pa mphukira zopatsa zipatso zaka ziwiri, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti mphukira zapachaka zidzabala zipatso chaka chamawa.
"Chiritsani" kuchokera kwa anthu
Njira zodziwika bwino zomenyera nkhondo zimakhazikitsidwa pazotsatira zaka zapitazo. Chifukwa chake, odziwa zamaluwa salimbikitsa kuti nthawi yomweyo azitha kutulutsa rasipiberi. Poyamba, amathiridwa ndimadzi pang'ono mchere. Pakatha maola 0,5, tizilombo timayamba kutuluka. Berry - pokonza, mphutsi - mbalame.
Ndisanayiwale! Mbalame (kafadala, kachilomboka pansi) - omwe ndi adani achilengedwe a kachilombo ka rasipiberi - amatha kukopeka ndi dimba ngati adyo kapena anyezi abzyala pafupi tchire rasipiberi. Ziwawa ndizilombo zofanana ndi mavu akuluakulu, osaluma, osapachika nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 40 chilengedwe. Ndimatsutsana ndi nsikidzi zosagwira usiku, kuzidya.
- Chisanu chikasungunuka, tchire rasipiberi amapopera gawo pang'ono penti yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (0,5 gramu ya thunthu pa malita 10 a madzi).
- Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala a rasipiberi kachilomboka ndi madzi kulowetsedwa kwa udzu wouma wa tansy (350 g pa 10 l). Mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa kwa maola 24, kuwiritsa kwa maola 0,5, kusefedwa ndi kusinthidwa musanathiridwe ndi madzi mpaka kuchuluka kwa chidebe.
- M'dzinja ndi masika, asakakumba pansi, amathiriridwa ndi decoction ya fodya kapena shag. 200-300 g yazowuma zosaphika zimathiridwa ndimadzi (7-10 l). Kuumirira maola 24. Zimawiritsa kwa maola 0,5. Chimazirala ndikubwera ndi malita 10.
- Fodya wina wakhama. Imakonzedwa kuchokera ku chikho chimodzi cha fodya, chodzazidwa ndi makapu 10 amadzi. Simmer kwa mphindi 120. Njira yokhazikika yokonzedweratu imasungunuka ndi madzi musanagwiritse ntchito: 1 chikho m'mbale atatu amadzi.
- Nkhondo yolimbana ndi kachilombo ka rasipiberi ndi fodya imachitika mwanjira ina. Masamba akaoneka, masiku 7 asanaphuke, mankhwalawa amachitidwa motere. 400 g wa fodya kapena zinyalala amaumirira mu malita 10 a madzi patsiku. Wiritsani (1 ora). Kuzizira komanso kupsinjika. 1000 ml ya madzi imathiridwa mu lita imodzi ya msuzi ndikuwonjezera 0,4 kg ya sopo yochapira yomwe ili ndi grated.
- M'malo mwa fodya, ufa wampiru wouma umagwiritsidwa ntchito. 100 g amathiridwa ndi madzi otentha kuti kusasintha kwa kirimu wowawasa. Yopukutidwa bwino. Kuphatikizika kumawonjezera malita 10 amadzi ndikuwaza chitsamba.
- Thumba losunga mazira lisanawonekere tchuthi sabata iliyonse, nthawi imodzi, awathandize ndi njira yothira koloko: supuni 1 pa ndowa imodzi.
- Ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito kwachilengedwe kuchokera ku kachilombo ka rasipiberi Guapsin. Kuchuluka kwa zowononga tizilombo kumafikira 94%. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi Pceudomonasaureeofaciens b-306. Iwo samangopanga tizirombo toyambitsa kachilomboka, kuwawononga, komanso kuwola tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta nthaka, ndikuthandizira chakudya chomera. Bitoxybacticillin (2%) amakhalanso ndi malowa. Amathiridwa mankhwala ndi ma raspberries asanaonekere masamba ndi usiku watulutsa maluwa.
Mankhwala ambiri, komanso njira zodzitetezera, zimagwira ntchito yovuta, kukhudza tizirombo tina.
Kufotokozera
Tizilombo ta rasipiberi timakhala ndi mawonekedwe owinduka, otambalala. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana kuyambira 3.8 mpaka 6.5 mamilimita.
Tizilombo ta rasipiberi (Byturus tomentosus).
Mimba ndi chifuwa zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda la imvi kapena mtundu wachikasu. Zingwezo ndizopanga mawonekedwe, zimakhala ndi magawo 11.
Mazira ndi owongoka bwino mawonekedwe. Kutalika kwa mazira a mitengo ya rasipiberi sikupitirira 1 millimeter. Mtundu wake ndi woyera kapena wachikasu.
Mphutsi ya rasipiberi ndi vermiform, imakhala ndi miyendo itatu yoyang'ana mbali. Mtundu ndi wachikasu kapena bulauni. Thupi la mphutsi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi losowa. Pali malo ena otuwa. Pali mawanga awiri okhala ngati mbedza pamimba. Kutalika kwake, mphutsi zimafika pafupifupi mamilimita 6.5.
Mphala ya kachilomboka.
Pupa ili ndi mtundu woyera; kutalika kwake kumafikira mamilimita anayi.
Kuvulaza kwa rasipiberi kachikumbu
Kuphatikiza apo, kachilombo ka rasipiberi amadya pamitengo ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Pa peyala, tizirombo ta apulo ndi quince timawononga mbali zamkati mwa maluwa. Pa currants ndi gooseberries, kafadala rasipiberi amadya masamba.
Pa raspberries, tizirombo timabzikula pa mabowo akuluakulu, nthawi zina amawononga maluwa. Zimawonongeranso masamba rasipiberi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti m'mizere yosiyanasiyana komanso misozi yayitali. Mphutsi zimadya rasipiberi.
Zowonongeka zazikulu ndi kachikumbu ndi akulu omwe amapanga mphutsi. Ngati maluwa awonongeka, zipatso zosapangidwa bwino mtsogolo zimakula mtsogolo. Amakula bwino ndikuyamba kuvunda, makamaka ngati nyengo ili yonyowa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Mitundu yoyandikira
M'mawonekedwe (morphology), oimira ambiri a banja la Malinnikov ali pafupi ndi mitundu yofotokozedwayo (Byturidae) Mu nyama zaku Europe, banja limayimilidwa ndi mitundu iwiri, koma mitundu yokhayo yomwe ili ndi tanthauzo ndiyachuma.
M'mabuku olembedwa, malingaliro awiri otsutsana pamalingaliro amtundu wamtunduwu amawonedwa. Chifukwa chake, G. G. Jacobson m'malo mwa mitundu Byturus fumatus ndi Byturus tomentosus awiri awiri pafupi morphologic, osiyana mu mawonekedwe a elytra, kukula kwa maso, mtundu ndi pang'ono kukula.
M'malo ena, mitunduyi imaphatikizidwa kukhala imodzi, ndi dzina la ku Russia "kachilombo ka rasipiberi" kapena "rasipiberi wamba" (Byturus fumatu, kutanthauzira - Byturus tomentosus).
Malware
Tizilombo ta rasipu timakhala ndi zakudya zina pa ma cherries, plums, minga, currants, gooseberries, nandolo, mafupa, mabulosi akuda, maapulo, mapeyala, ndi phulusa lamapiri.
Pa mtengo wa maapozi, peyala ndi quince, kachilomboka kakuwononga mkati mwa duwa lokhalokha; pa ma jamu ndi ma currants, kachilomboka ka rasipiberi kamawononga masamba, ndikupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mbali zosagwirizana.
Pa raspberries ndi mabulosi akuda, tizilombo timadyedwe totsegulira masamba, nthawi zambiri kulanda masamba ambiri, kuphatikiza, kuwonongeka kwa maluwa ndikotheka. Imapanga masamba a rasipiberi pakati pa mitsemayo, pambuyo pake matupi awo ataliitali okhala ndi mbali zosakhazikika amawonedwa pamasamba.
Mphutsi zimawononga zipatso za rasipiberi nthawi yomweyo kunja ndi mkati kapena mkati mokha, kukokoloka kumayuma, nthawi zambiri kumunsi kwa phesi, pomwe ndimazama akuwonekera bwino phesi.
Kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa akuluakulu ndi mphutsi za rasipiberi kumayambitsidwa ndi rasipiberi. Zipatso zopangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa owonongeka ndi kafadala zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa. Samakulitsa bwino, makulidwe awo amachepa, amatha kuwola, makamaka nyengo yonyowa komanso yonyowa.
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi rasipiberi, nsikidzi ndi zofunda
Kuphatikiza pa kachilombo ka rasipiberi, ntchentche rasipiberi, nsikidzi kapena weevil imatha kuukira tchire. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titaukira komwe kumera mbuto zamtchire, wolima adzatsala wopanda mbewu.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tsinde la rasipiberi, kukonzekera kwamankhwala komanso kwachilengedwe, njira za anthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku ntchentche za rasipiberi:
- Actellik
- Spark,
- Karbofos,
- Wotsimikiza.
- Zamoyo:
- Agravertine,
- Fitoverm.
Mwa azitsamba wowerengeka, osakaniza Bordeaux amagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yothira mchere.
Ma nsikidzi (sorelo, zobiriwira, mitengo, mabulosi) amaopseza tchire la rasipiberi. Ngati zipatso zouma zikuwoneka, ndiye kuti izi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya nsikidzi pa rasipiberi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadya zakudya kuchokera ku ovary, masamba, masamba ndi zipatso.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo osapemphedwa, njira yophatikizira yolamulira nsikidzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyambira rasipiberi nsikidzi wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala:
Zovala zowopsa ndizoyenda tchire ndi rasipiberi. Mukayala mabedi pansi pa zipatso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika raspberries ndi sitiroberi kutali.
Pofuna kupewa kuwononga tchire ndi weevil, ndikofunikira kuchita zambiri. Njira zothanirana ndi zovuta pa raspberries:
- Kuyendera tchire. Nthawi zonse, sonkhanitsani ndi kuwononga masamba agwa, masamba,
- M'dzinja, kukundani malo omwe mabulosiwa amalimira,
- Lalitsani filimuyo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, sansani nsapato zonse kuchitsamba ndikuwotcha,
- Kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yapadera ya rasipiberi-sitiroberi sitovu.
Njira za anthu:
- Kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi ndi celandine,
- Tansy decoction
- Sakanizo wosakaniza ndi sopo wochapira, mpiru ndi madzi,
- Pafupi ndi dimba momwe rasipiberi amakulira, mutha kudzala adyo, izi zimawopa weevil.
Rasipiberi kukonza ngati kupewa mphutsi mu zipatso
Nyongolotsi zimasokoneza rasipiberi. Kuteteza rasipiberi baka ku mphutsi, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zopewera. Njira yothanirana ndi raspulosi m'chaka kuchokera ku mphutsi:
- Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, tchire limathiridwa madzi otentha (madigiri 80). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira tchire ndi nthaka,
- Mu nthawi yophukira, gawo lokhala ndi raspulosi liyenera kukumbidwa, zotsalira za udzu zichotsedwa, dothi liyenera kuzikika. Monga zida za mulching, humus, peat, utuchi, kompositi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyongolotsi zomwe zimakhala panthaka, sizituluka panthaka.
- Pak maluwa, nyongolotsi zimatha kusungidwa pamanja. Njira yolimba yochotsera nyongolotsi zam'mera mwachangu ndikuyika masamba onse ndikufalitsa filimuyo pansi ndikugwedeza tchire la rasipiberi. Sonkhanitsani nyongolotsi zakugwa ndikuwotcha,
- Njira wowerengeka kuposa pokonzekera rasipiberi kuchokera ku mphutsi muma zipatso: tchire limafafaniza msuzi wa koloko (koloko 10 g. Kuphatikiza 5 l yamadzi) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa mpiru.
Tizirombo titha kubweretsa zowononga m'munda. Zitha kuwononga tchire rasipiberi, kuwononga mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira munthawi yophukira ndi yotentha kuti mufufuze bwino tchire ndipo zikafika tizilombo, tiziwononga m'nthawi yake. Kudziwa momwe mungachotsere nyongolotsi mumtundu wa rasipiberi, mavu, ntchentche, nsikidzi, mutha kumera zipatso zambiri zonunkhira bwino.