Mchira Wamiyala Wamtali (Dianema urostriata) - nsomba ya banja la Callichthous kapena Carapace catfish (Callichthyidae). Dzina lachi Latin: Dianema urostriata.
Malo okhala dianema okhala ndi mizere ndi omwe amapezeka mumtsinje wa Amazon pafupi ndi tawuni ya Manaus ku Brazil. Imakonda magawo am'madzi amphepete mwa mitsinje yopanda madzi, nyanja ndi madamu amtsinje omwe ali pansi pamatope.
Dianema yokhala ndi mizera imakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lokongola. Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi woderako. Mzere wakuda wopangidwa ndi mawanga ambiri amafanana ndi thupi. Magulu awiri a antennae atambasulidwa akuwombera. Mafupa odutsa pakati pa thupi amalumikizidwa ku mafupa anayi omwe amapezeka pakati pa mafuta ndi ziphuphu za dorsal. Mtundu wautoto kuchokera kwa bulauni wowala kupita kumutu. Zipsepse zonse, kupatula zigamba zamkati, zofiirira, ndizowonekera. Pamapeto oyambitsidwa, mizera yoyera ndi yakuda imasinthana.
Demorphism: Zachikazi zimasiyana ndi zazimuna zomwe zimakhala ndi m'mimba yathunthu, wamwamuna ndi wowala komanso wowonda. Kuwala koyamba kwa zipsepse zamkati wa mwamunayo ndi zofiirira.
Kutalika kwake, nsomba zimakula mpaka 15 cm.
Dianema wamizeremizere wamiyala yamtendere, wokonda kusukulu. Amakonzekera kukhala pakati komanso kutsika kwamadzi. Nsombazi zimakwera nthawi ndi nthawi kukafika pamadzi kuti zimame mpweya wamlengalenga kuti upume. Swirls madzi, posaka chakudya ikhoza kukumba pansi, mofunitsitsa imayima panjira. Mantha, ndikuwopa, ndikuponyera mumchenga, kubisala m'misalo. Zimakhala bwino ndi nsomba zam'madzi zomwezo zamtendere, zofanana kukula kwake.
Anjini ya aquarium imafunikira kutalika kwa masentimita 80. Kuchulukitsa kosachepera aquarium voliyumu ya gulu la anthu 6-7: osachepera 100 malita. Mu aquarium payenera kukhala pobisalira kuchokera m'nkhalangozi za zomera za m'madzimo ndi mitengo yotsetsereka. Monga nthaka, mchenga wozungulira ungoyenera.
Nsomba zimagwirira ntchito madzulo ndipo usiku, chifukwa nthawi iyi amadya. Chakudya: moyo, malo.
Chomwe chimakulimbikitsani kutulutsa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga komanso kutsika kwa kutentha ndi madigiri 2 - 3. Imazungulira mu malo osyanasiyana okhala ndi voliyumu ya 50 l kapena kuposa pamenepo, pomwe payenera kukhala chitsamba cha chomera chachikulu chotchedwa aquarium choyandama pamadzi, mwachitsanzo, nymphaea, kapena pulasitiki disk. Madzi abwino posachedwa amakhala ndi magawo omwewo, kupatula kutentha, omwe ndi 2-4 ° C kutsika kuposa momwe amazungira anthu ambiri. Yaimuna yochokera ku thovu imamanga chisa papepala, yaikazi imayikiramo, ikulungika mpaka pansi, mpaka mazira 500. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, wamkazi amatengedwa. Wamphongo amateteza chisa ndi mazira. Pali nthawi zina zamphongo zomwe zimayamba kudya caviar, ndiye zimafunikira kusamukira kumalo ena osambira.
Gawo lokhala ndi caviar, litayamba kuda, limasamutsidwira kwa incubator, chifukwa m'masiku oyamba amoyo, mwachangu amasamala kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, kupezeka kwa mapuloteni m'madzi, komanso amatha kugwa ndi nkhungu. Madzi omwe ali mu chofungatira ayenera kukhala ndi methylene buluu pamlingo wa 5 mg pa lita. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe ndi masiku 4-5, tsiku lina pambuyo posambira. Kuyambira poyambira: nauplii artemia, ozungulira.
Strip-tailed dianem imafika msinkhu wazaka 1-1,5 zakubadwa.
Banja: Callichthy kapena Carapace Catfish (Callichthyidae)
Zoyambira: Brazil
Kutentha kwamadzi: 20-27
Chinyezi: 6.0-7.5
Kuuma: 4-20
Zigawo za malo okhala: apakati, otsika
Mawonekedwe
Dianema wokhala ndi waya wokhala ndi matope amakula mpaka masentimita 15. Thupi limapangidwa ndi torpedo, lofiirira. Malo ang'onoang'ono, akuda amabalidwira pamenepo, m'mimba mumakhala kuwala, ndalama za caudal zimayala, zoyera. Pali mikwingwirima yakuda isanu. M'makona am'kamwa muli awiriawiri azizitali. Maso ndi akulu. Amuna ndi ochepa thupi kuposa akazi. Amuna akuluakulu amadziwika ndi gawo loyera lamphamvu lofiirira loyambirira la ndalama za pectoral.
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Omangidwa m'magulu am'mizinda yayitali. Itha kusungidwa mu malo osungira anthu ambiri okhala ndi malo okhala ndi malo okhala Zoyenera: kutentha kwa madzi + 20 ... + 28 ° C, kuuma kwamadzi 5-20 ° dH, pH 6.0-7.2.
Zovala zokhala ndi milozo ndi nsomba zokonda mtendere. Pofunafuna chakudya, amasaka dothi mwamphamvu. Chakudya: moyo, malo.
Kuswana
Kutha zaka 1-1.5. Kuchepetsa kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga ndi kutsika kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi 2-5 ° C.
Mwachilengedwe, malo abata am'madzi, otetezedwa ndi masamba am'madzi, amafunidwa. Amuna amamanga zisa za thovu pamphepete mwa zomerazi zazomera. Muukapolo, malo owaza amatha kusinthidwa ndi ma pulawo apulasitiki osunthidwa pansi, opachikidwa pansi. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 500 mchisa. Chisa chimasungidwa ndi chachimuna. Pali nthawi zina zomwe wamwamuna amayamba kudya caviar, chifukwa chake, ma mbale okhala ndi caviar amayenera kusamutsidwa kupita ku ziwiya zosiyana, madzi omwe amayenerana ndi magawo otsatirawa: 24 ° C, pH 7.0, dGH 8-10 °, dKH ochepera 2 °. Madzi amatha kusanjidwa pang'ono ndi methylene buluu. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 5. Zimachitika kuti maimuna ena sangadutse mu mazira, amatha kuthandizidwa ndi ma stroko owoneka bwino pamagobolomo atamaliza nthenga za tsekwe. The mwachangu amayamba kusambira mu tsiku, pamene yolk sac yatsimikiza. Chakudya choyambirira ndi artemia ndi ma rotifers. Masiku oyamba, ana ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa mapuloteni m'madzi ndi kutsika kwa kutentha, ndipo amakonda kuzunza pafupipafupi ndi nkhungu, zomwe zimatha kupha nsomba. Izi zitha kupewedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusefa madzi kudzera mu kaboni yoyambitsa ndi kusinthasintha pafupipafupi theka la kuchuluka kwa madzi akale. Popita nthawi, chiwopsezo cha mwachangu cha zotsatira zoyipa chimachepetsedwa pang'ono.
DIANEMA WA UROSTRIATE kapena DIANEMA STRIPPED TAN (Dianema urostriata)
Nsomba zimakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka wa mtundu wa bulauni. Mzere wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga ambiri umayendetsa thupi lonse. Mutu umawonetsedwa ndi awiriawiri a tinyanga tating'onoting'ono. Kumtunda kwa thupi, pakati pa zipsepse ndi ma adipose, mumakhala ma cell owoneka bwino, omwe amakhala ngati chida chodzitetezera motsutsana ndi nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa. Pa mchira pali kusinthana ndi mikwingwirima yayitali yakuda ndi yoyera. Mafuta ena onse amakhala owoneka bwino. Amuna, mosiyana ndi akazi, amakhala ndi mtundu wowala komanso thupi lotuwa. Misewu yawo yoyamba ndi zipsepse zamtundu wautoto. Akazi amakhala ndi mimba yozungulira. M'malo am'madzi, kukula kwa nsomba kumafika mpaka 15 cm.
Dianema wamizeremizere wamiyala yamtendere, yopanda maphunziro. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zimakhala m'munsi komanso pakati pa madzi am'madzi. Dianemas amapuma mpweya wakulengalenga, motero nthawi zina amayandama pamwamba pamadzi kumbuyo kwake. Pa nthawi ya chakudyachi, nsomba izi zimasokoneza madzi, ndikuopa kuti mugwire pansi mwamphamvu. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa mukabzala mbewu mu aquarium ndikulimbitsa mizu yawo ndi miyala yayikulu kapena kubzala mumiphika yaying'ono, apo ayi mbewu zonse zidzachotsedwa pansi pamodzi ndi mizu. Nsomba zimatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zina zokonda mtendere, zofanana kukula kwake.
Zoyang'anira gulu la ma strapp-taires diways kuchuluka kwa ma 5-6 ma PC. mukusowa aquarium yotalika 80 cm ndi voliyumu ya 100 l. Dera lakumadzi liyenera kubzalidwa ndi mbewu ndikukhala ndi mipando yambiri m'malo obisika. Nthaka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wowuma kapena miyala yoyera yabwino.
Magawo amadzi ayenera kukwaniritsa izi: kutentha 20-28 ° C, kuuma dH 2-20 °, acidity pH 6.0-7.2. Kuchepetsa kusefukira kwamadzi kumafunikira, komanso kusintha kwa gawo la sabata 1/3.
Nsomba zimadya pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamoyo komanso yophatikiza. Chifukwa chakuti ntchito yayikuluyi ya nsomba ili m'bandakucha komanso usiku, ndikofunikira kudyetsa iwo madzulo.
Diostema ya urostriate imayamba kukhwima pofika zaka 1-1,5.
Potuluka, sankhani malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 50. M'malo osungika, ndikofunikira kuyika chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba ambiri komanso yayitali omwe amafikira pamadzi ndikufalikira pomwepo. M'malo mwake, mutha kuyika chomera choyandama pamadzi, mwachitsanzo, nymphaeum.
Chomwe chimakulimbikitsani kuti muyambe kuwaza ndi kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga, komanso kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi 2-3 ° C. Asanakhazikike, yaimuna imamanga chisa chithovu pakati pamasamba azomera pamwamba pamadzi, pambuyo pake chachikazi chimatulutsa mazira 500 omata, omwe amamatira pansi pa pepalalo. Akangotuluka, mkazi amabzalidwa, ndipo mwamunayo amasiyidwa kuti asamalire ana obwera mtsogolo. Ngati zindikiridwa kuti zamphongo ziyamba kudya pang'ono, ziyenera kukhazikikanso.
Caviar imagwiridwa masiku 4-5, ndipo ngakhale patatha tsiku lachisanu adayamba kusambira kufunafuna chakudya. Munthawi imeneyi, amayamba kuwadyetsa ndi ozungulira komanso brine shrimp.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti m'masiku oyamba kupezeka kwake, mwachangu amasamala kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa kutentha komanso kuzungulira kwazinthu zingapo zamapuloteni m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Popewa, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera buluu wa methylene mu gawo la 5 mg pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi ku aquarium yokhala ndi mwachangu.
Kutalika kwa moyo kwa ma strate-tailed dianema m'madzi am'madzi ndi pafupifupi zaka 10.
Striped-Taised Dianema (Urostriata) - Okhala ku Aquarium
Dystema urostriata - nsomba zochokera ku banja la amkhola a catfish, malangizo "catfish."
Amakhala m'madzi a Amazon. Komanso nsomba izi zimapezeka kumpoto kwa South America.
Ma diostem a Urostriatus amakula pafupifupi masentimita 15. Thupi limapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wowoneka bwino ndimalo ang'onoang'ono amdima.
Zipsepse zonse, kupatula caudal, ndizopanda maonekedwe. Chokhacho chimakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka wamiyala, ndipo chili ndi milozo isanu yopingasa ya mtundu wakuda.
Dianema wokhala ndi zingwe (Dianema urostriatum).
Oimira nsomba izi amakhalanso ndi tinyanga ndi maso a kukula kwakukulu.
Mutha kusiyanitsa wamwamuna wamkulu ndi wamkazi ndi kuwala kofiirira kofiirira koyamba.
Kuswana
Zofiyira-zopaka matanga zimafika zaka 1.5, nthawi zina pofika chaka chimodzi.
Urostriates amakhala okonda kugonana patapita chaka.
Mangani zisa ndi amuna. Mwachilengedwe, amasankha zomera m'mphepete mwa nyanja pazolinga izi, ndikupanga chisa chithovu pansi pawo. Mu aquarium, ntchito iyi imachitika bwino ndi mbale yapulasitiki yovilidwa.
Wamkazi Dianem urostriates, pafupifupi, amadzaza mazira 500. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, muyenera kusinthira mazirawo ku aquarium ina, monga amafunika kukhala mndende zosiyanasiyana kuposa akulu. Chifukwa china chachikulu chosiyanitsira mazira m'chiwiya china ndikuti nthawi zina champhongo chimatha kuyamba kudya.
Zovala Zosula Mzere - nsomba zam'madzi.
Muwowa ndi ana, muyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwama 24 ° C. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizofunikanso: pH 7.0, dKH yochepera 2 2 ndi dGH 8-10 °. Madzi ayenera kupakidwa pang'ono ndi methylene buluu.
Patatha masiku asanu, mwachangu mazira. Ngati muona kuti wina sangathe kudutsa pa chipolopolo, mutha kuthandizira mwa kumenya pang'ono ndi tsekwe kapena nthenga zina zilizonse. Poyamba, mwachangu ayenera kudyetsedwa artemia ndi ma rotifers.
Zoyendetsa zimakonda chakudya chapadera. wopangidwa ndi crustaceans ang'ono.
Chamoyo chopanda ana cha ana chimakonda chidwi ndikusintha kwachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi ochulukirapo a protein m'madzi satha kutentha. Ndikofunika kubwezeretsa ½ wamadzi am'madzi ndi madzi oyera nthawi zonse. Zingakhale zothandiza kuzisefa kudzera mu kaboni yoyambitsa. Popita nthawi, ana sadzafunanso kusintha malo awo.
Kuti mukhale bwino ndi ma Dianemus urostriates mu aquarium, amafunika malo okhala ndi nthawi yamadzulo. Kuti muwapange, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya malo okhala ndi zomera.
Zingwe zopota zamiyambo ndizosangalatsa zamtendere.
Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kusungidwa pa 20-28 ° C, pH 6-7.2, ndi kuuma (dH) kuyenera kukhala m'chigawo cha 5-20 °.
Nthawi zambiri nthumwi za Dianem urostriates zimasungidwa m'magulu. Amakhala bwino ndi nsomba zina, chifukwa chokhala bata. Chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo amadzimadzi ndi okwanira aliyense.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Dianema Yokhala ndi Ming'alu (Dianema urostriatum)
Mutu. Dianema Dianema
Dianema longibarbis (Wokongola kwambiri, kapena Bronze Dianema)
Dianema urostriatum (Wotulutsa Dianema)
Banja. Callichtov, kapena armored catfish (callichthyidae).
pH: 6,8 — 7,2 / 6.0 — 7,2
dH: 5 — 18° / 17 — 20°
Kutentha kwamadzi: 23 - 27 ° C / 20 - 28 ° C
Mawonekedwe a Aquarium: zopitilira 100 za gulu la zidutswa 5-6
Habitat mphaka dianem madamu amadzi amchere ku Peru ndi Brazil. Amakonda malo am'madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono, komanso nyanja ndi madamu okhala ndi mabotolo osungunuka, pomwe mthunzi wa masamba am'madzi ungagwere. Mitundu "Dianema" imaphatikizapo chilichonse mitundu iwiri: Dianema longibarbis (yayitali-kapena-bronze dianema) ndi Dianema urostriatum (wojambula wamiyala). Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kukhala ndi khungwa lalitali kuli ponseponse m'dera la Mato Grosso r. Mazoni a Amazonia, omwe amakhala ndi mizera, ndiofala kwambiri m'madzi omwe amakhala kumanzere, Rio Negro.
Mu chilengedwe, kudulira kumachitika ndi masamba oyandama a mbewu. Mukamaweta m'madzi am'madzi, mapulasitiki nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi, zomwe zimayikidwa kale pansi kapena pepala la nymphaea. Amuna amamanga zisa zonyansa ndikusunga mazira mosamala, osalola kuti nsomba zina zizilowa. Chomwe chingakulimbikitseni kuti muyambe kufota chidzakhala kuchepa kwa madzi mumadzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa madzi ambiri, komanso kuchepa kwa kuthinitsidwa kwa m'mlengalenga.
Dianema wautali wamakungwa (bronze) - Dianema longibarbis (Cope, 1872) - Ili ndi thupi losalala, lozungulira mpaka 9cm kukula kwake (wojambulidwa pamwambapa). Kutengera ndi mikhalidwe yakumangidwa, mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku beige yowala kupita ku mithunzi yamkuwa. Ili ndi zipsepse zazikulu komanso zopangidwa chikasu. Pali mafuta. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mawanga akuda ambiri, omwe amalumikizana mkati mwa thupi, ndikupanga mzere wakuda wakuda. Maso akulu ndi osuntha amakhala amtundu wa lalanje. Pakamwa pake pamakhala kutsogolo mwamphamvu kutsogolo ndipo kumathera ndi awiriawiri a tinyanga mpaka 3.5 masentimita, ndipo awiri akutanthauza, yachiwiri ndi yolunjika. Mamba awo ndi akulu, thupi limapangidwa m'mizere iwiri, matupi ofanana. Mkati mwa thupi amatembenuka, zomwe zimawoneka bwino. Mimba imakhala yopepuka, pamene nsombayo ikusangalatsidwa imasanduka bulauni. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa achikazi, okhala ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri ya zipsepse za patisiti. Mwa amuna akuluakulu, mzere wam'mimba umakhala wowongoka.
Bronze Dianema, dianema longibarbis
Kuti musunge nsomba zamatumbu, mumafunikira ngalande yokhala ndi masentimita 80, muyenera kuyisunga mu gulu. Zomwe zili mu aquarium wamba okhala ndi mitundu yofanana ya nsomba zamtendere zomwezo ndizololedwa. Mbali yodziwika ndi kuthekera kozizira mosasunthika mumtsinje wamadzi, ndipo pakapita kanthawi pang'ono ma dianems amapitiliza kusambira mwamtendere. Pamafunika malo okhala ndi ngodya zabwino. Madzi ndi opewetsa, ofewa, apakatikati.
Banja la chipolopolo-nkhanu imapuma mpweya m'mlengalenga komanso ma diamem zimasiyana, nthawi zambiri zimayandama pamwamba pamadzi kuti zitheke mpweya. Kuchepetsa ndi kusanja madzi kofunikira kudzafunika. Kusintha kwa sabata la ¼ voliyumu ya aquarium ndikofunikira. Mudzafunika dothi lofewa (mchenga kapena miyala yabwino), chifukwa ngakhale mukusamalira madzi am'madzi, nsomba zimachita mantha ndikuyesera kukumba. Komanso, nsomba zimasokoneza dothi pomadyetsa. Kudyetsa chakudya chamoyo komanso chophatikiza. Makamaka mumdima.
Dianema urostriata (Ribeiro, 1912) ali ndi thupi lopindika kuzungulira 10-12 cm, lomwe limatha ndi chitsulo chachikulu chomaliza (pachithunzi pansipa). Pafupi ndi lobe pali chingwe chakuda chomwe chimatuluka pachitsotso cha mchira. Pa masamba onse awiri mchira, mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera ndi yakuda idutsa. Zimapezeka mozungulira. Zitsamba zotsalira zimapakidwa mu kamvekedwe ka thupi - utoto wamchenga.Ma urostriate dianema ali ndi tinyanga 4 tosunthika tokhala pamlomo wapamwamba ndi m'makona amkamwa. Kutalika kwa tinyanga ndi 1/3 ya kukula kwa thupi. Maso ndi akulu, mafoni. Mimba yaikazi imakhala yodzaza kuposa yaimuna. Khalidwe la nsomba ndi lamtendere, gulu. Amakhala bwino mu malo wamba okhala ndi oimira ma characinids ndi ma cyprinid. Zimayendayenda mokhazikika, ndikumva ndi tinyanga tawo ngodya zobisika kwambiri za pansi pamadzi ndikuthamanga pansi. Kukongola kwa dianema yamiyala yopepuka kumakhala kwapamwamba kuposa zamkuwa. Mikhalidwe yam'madzi ndi yofanana ndi ya dianema yamkuwa.
Dianema wokhala ndi zingwe, dianema urostriatum
Dianema wa Urostriatus
Dianema wa Urostriatus
Ufumu: | Nyama |
Lembani: | Chordate |
Subtype: | Vertebrates |
Zolanda: | Nsomba |
Giredi: | Mafupa am'mafupa |
Subclass: | Nsomba za Rayfin |
Gulu: | Mphaka |
Banja: | Shell Catfish |
Jenda: | Dianema |
Onani: | Dianema wa Urostriatus |
nthawi |