• Msinkhu 70-90 cm
• Kulemera kosachepera 70 kg

• Msinkhu 65-80 cm
• Kulemera kosakwana 50 kg

• Popanda kalasi: mpaka madola 200.
• Kalasi ya PET: madola 200-300.
• Kalasi ya BRID: madola 300-600.
• Gulu la SHOW: kuchokera ku $ 700

Zopindulitsa

• Masewera olimbitsa thupi akuluakulu komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino - ndi chiweto choterocho nkovuta kupita osadziwika mumsewu.
• Kuyenda bwino ndi mawonekedwe amtundu - agalu ndi osewera komanso amakonda kuyenda.
• Kupanda kuchita zankhanza - mtunduwo umadyetsedwa ngati wothandizira kwa munthu.
• Kuleza mtima ndi bata ndi luso la ziweto zomwe zingakhale zothandiza pa maphunziro.
• Kufuna kukhala wothandiza kwa anthu - nthano zimapangidwa zokhuza ukatswiri wa St. Bernards.
• Kuphatikiza kwa kukoma mtima ndi mphamvu yayikulu - amatchedwa agalu a nanny.
• Ojambula pamasewera otengera zokoka zamphamvu yokoka - makolo a ziweto amayendetsa galimoto ndi chakudya ndikutembenuza mawilo amamilayo.
• Mverani pafupi ndi blizzard ndi blizzard mphindi 20 zisanayambe - awa ndi agalu opulumutsa.
• Ali ndi chibadwa chofufuza - amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chokhoza kupeza ozunzidwa.
• Chizolowezi chokhala makungwa ndizochepa - ngati mwininyumbayo amva mawu a St. Bernard, ndiye kuti china chake chidachitika, sangalembe mawu ake.

Zoyipa

• Maulendo pafupipafupi kupita kwa veterinarian angafunike - agalu ambiri amawona kupweteka kwakukhazikika, mavuto ndi mtima, maso, ndi mafupa.
• Amamva bwino m'malo otentha - chilimwe, ziweto zimafunikira kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa, apo ayi zotenthetsera kutentha ndizotheka.
• M'madera akumatauni, zimawavuta kupeza chilichonse chofunikira pamoyo.
• Amafunikira malo okhala - malo abwino kwa iwo ndi nyumba kapena famu.
• Kutetemera kwa mtunduwu kumagwira ntchito. Mnyumba nyumbayi pamayambitsa zosokoneza.
• Amafunikira kukonzekera moyenera komanso molt kawiri pachaka.
• Pamafunika zakudya zapadera, popanda kudya moyenera, mavuto azaumoyo ndiwotheka.
• Maphunziro ayenera kuyamba adakali aang'ono - uwu ndi galu wamkulu wowoneka wopanda pake, muyenera kumuphunzitsa momwe angakhalire mumzinda kuyambira ali mwana.

Khalidwe la galu, machitidwe

Mawonekedwe abwino okhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu - Umu ndi momwe St Bernard amakono akuwonekera. Khalidwe lake linapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi obereketsa oyamba - amonke ochokera ku amonke a St. Bernard kumapiri a Switzerland. Adafuna wothandizirana nawo ngati galu wogwirizana naye. Ndipo adapambana.

Saint Bernards amadziwika ndi izi:

• kusewera pamodzi ndi mphamvu yayikulu,
• kulumikizana ndi ludzu lotumikira munthu
• kudzidalira komanso kukhala wochezeka,
• madandaulo komanso chisangalalo,
• maluso anzeru
• mphamvu ndi kuleza mtima
• kuzengereza pang'ono ndi phlegm.

Khalidwe la kunyumba

Izi zimapangira malo otseguka, sizili bwino kwa iye m'nyumba yanyumba. Ndipo malo agalu 70 kg amatenga zambiri. Sen akumva bwino pabwalo. Galu ali ndi chibadwa champhamvu cholondera. Kuphatikiza apo, samachita zinthu mwankhanza. Koma kulimba mtima ndi chidaliro sizimagwira.

Maganizo a ana

Amayi "okhathamiritsa khanda" (nanny) adapatsidwa kwa Saint Bernard. Galu ndiwachikondi kwa ana, samayankha machitidwe osayenera a anawo. Koma poyenda mchira umodzi, akhoza kugwetsa mwangozi mwana. Agalu achichepere amasewera mokwanira, ndipo panthawi yosangalala sangathe kuwerengetsa mphamvu zawo. Makulidwe a ngakhale aang'ono kwambiri a St. Bernard ndi akulu, musachisiye ndi ana ang'onoang'ono osakhudzidwa. Kuletsa mwana kuti asagwire galu atagona komanso kudya kumathandiza kupewa mavuto ambiri.

Maganizo a alendo

Uku ndiye mtundu wamtundu. Agalu onyentchera amatha kusangalala ndi anzawo pamsewu. Kudumpha kamodzi ndikokwanira kuti ayike munthu wamkulu. Khalidwe ili liyenera kuyimitsidwa mwaubwana. Kwa alendo, chiweto, monga lamulo, chimakhala chosasamala kapena chochezeka. Siziwonetsa kukwiya.

Malingaliro amphaka ndi nyama zina

Galu samatsutsana ndi amphaka ndi agalu omwe akubwera. Kumupangitsa kukhala wamisala. Koma zolengedwa zazing'ono zazing'ono ndizomwe zimakonda. Ngati chidwi cha hay mumsewu chikakopeka ndi mbewa, chule kapena chinyengo china, sizivuta kuchikoka. Kulekerera ndi phlegmatism kumazira kumbuyo, ndipo kuuma kumawonekera. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro a galu ayenera kuperekedwa mwachidwi.

Kuteteza Kunyumba Ndi Kunyumba

Zimphona zamakhalidwe abwino zimagwira bwino ntchito za mlonda. Maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi amapangitsa izi. Sachita zinthu ndi mano, koma ndi mawu, akumapanga mawu ocheperako pamene akunja ayesa kulowa gawo lomwe apatsidwa. Ndiyenera kunena, udzu wowala mtengo ndizosowa kwambiri. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti china chake chachitika. Pakakhala zoopsa zenizeni, amatha kudzilimira okha ndi mwini wake.

Kusamalira: ubweya, maso, makutu, mano

Ziweto zimafunika ukhondo tsiku lililonse. Pamafunika kusamalidwa kwa mano, maso, makutu, mawondo ndi zikhadabo, kuphatikiza ndikusamba ndikofunikira. Osangokhala zokongola za galu zimatengera izi, komanso thanzi la oimira a St. Bernard. Kusamalira ndi kukonza zimatenga nthawi pang'ono ngati mutsatira malamulo ena.

Zochitika Zosamalira Makapu

Makolo akale a St. Bernards amakono anali ndi chovala chachifupi chosalala. Panali nthawi m'mbiri yawo pamene agalu ambiri anafa chifukwa cha kuzizira. Kenako adaganiza zodutsa shorthair hay ndi Newfoundl. Chovala chakhala chachitali, ndipo chisamaliro chavuta. Komanso, nthawi yozizira, chipale chofewa chimamatira ku ubweya.

Popewa kutonthola, ziweto zazitali zazitali zimazidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndikusungunuka, ndipo nthawi ina tsiku lililonse. Agalu a Shorthair amakwatidwa kawiri pamlungu, pomasungunula pafupipafupi. Kuchokera pazopangira mudzafunika bulashi yokhala ndi zitsamba zolimba ndi chipeso chokhala ndi mano opindika ndi mano.

Malamulo osamba

Muyenera kusamba zimphona pokhapokha pakufunika. Monga lamulo, amachita izi kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka, kuphatikiza njira zamadzi kuti azisungunuka. Mudzafunika zodzikongoletsera zapadera za agalu: ma shampoos ocheperako, mafuta osalala kapena okonza. Musanasambe, muyenera kuyendetsa maso a chiweto ndi madontho apadera amaso. Sikoyenera kuphimba makutu ndi ma tampon - m'mitundu yosinthika, kuthekera kwa madzi kulowa makutu ndikosakwanira.

Galu amayikidwa mchipinda chosambira ndi madzi (mulingo wake suyenera kufikira pansi pa chifuwa). Zotsukira zonse ndi mafuta ophikira zimatsukidwa mosamala kwambiri. Ubweya wamadzi sunapukutidwe: madzi amafunika kuti afafanizidwe ndi thaulo, ndipo chovalacho chimayenera kumayikiridwa ndi chovala tsitsi, ndikukoka tsitsi ndi chisa. Chitani izi molingana ndi kukula kwa tsitsi. Mukasamba, kuyerekeza kwa mkombero kumawonedwa. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pokonzekera ziwonetsero.

Zotsuka maso

Kuswana kumadziwika ndi saggy, nthawi zina ma eyel amalemera kwambiri. Samateteza khungu la maso kuti lisadetsedwe. Maso otseguka nthawi zambiri amatsitsidwa ndipo amafuna chisamaliro mosamala. Muyenera kuwapukuta tsiku ndi tsiku. Chitani izi mukatha kuyenda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera mapukusi oyera kapena yopyapyala tothira tiyi kapena madzi owiritsa. Diso lililonse limapukutidwa ndi thaulo lopatula. Kenako amapukuta.

Mutha kumenyana ndi mawanga amdima kuzungulira maso mothandizidwa ndi mayankho apadera. Amasankhidwa ndi veterinarian. Muyenera kusamalira makatani akhungu pafupi ndi maso. Mafuta amachotsedwa ndi burashi yofewa pogwiritsa ntchito boric acid ufa. Chonde dziwani kuti kutaya kwambiri kuchokera pamaso kumatha kuwonetsa mtundu wina wa matenda.

Kusamalira makutu

Yenderani makutu a ziwetozo pafupipafupi. Ku St. Bernards, amakhala mokhazikika kumutu ndipo salola kuti mpweya uzungulire momasuka. Kuwongolera mpweya wabwino kumatha kuchitika mwa kumeta tsitsi mkati mwa ngalande ya khutu. Chitani izi ndi lumo ndi misomali yosamveka. Mutha kubudula ubweya ndi ma tonneers. Kamodzi pa sabata, makutu amayeretsedwa ndikukhazikitsa hydrogen peroxide. Madzirowo amachotsedwa ndi swab thonje, ndiye kuti khutu limakhala lodzola ndi mafuta aliwonse azomera.

Chisamaliro

Ngati galu amayenda kwambiri, amadzicheka yekha. M'nyengo yozizira, mungafunikire kuwadula. Muyenera kuyang'ana ma pallet a mabala ndi zinthu zina zakunja. Mu nyengo yotentha ndi yozizira, khungu pakapaka limadzola mafuta ndi zonona. Izi ndi zabwino kupewa. Tsitsi pakati pa zala limadulidwa kuti muchepetse kutuluka kwa zingwe.

Kuyenda ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Zimphona zofewa zaubwenzi ndizokonzekera kuyenda nyengo iliyonse. Kuyenda kamodzi kumayenera kuchitika masana. Sawopa mvula ndi chipale chofewa. Koma mu kutentha iwo ndi osayenera kuwonetsa padzuwa. M'chilimwe, amayenda m'mawa kwambiri ndi madzulo - pafupi kulowa dzuwa. Adult Sen akuyenera kukhala mumsewu pafupifupi maola 3-4 patsiku.

Mwana wa mwana amafunika nthawi yochepa kuti ayende. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti iye samatsika yekha masitepe, osagwera pamalo oterera. Achichepere ndi okulirapo. Mafupa awo osalimba sangathe kuthana ndi katundu. Yang'anani ana anu pang'ono, izi zithandiza kupewa mavuto oyambilira a m'chiuno ndi m'chiwuno.

Ngati mpikisano wanyama zanyama zambiri ungachitike, wopambanayo akhoza kukhala St. Bernard. Makhalidwe a mtunduwu amatsimikizira izi. Popanda kulankhulana ndi mwiniwake, akumva kuwawa. Ndipo zochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti mawonetsero amachitidwe owonongeka amatha. Agalu okhala pabwalo komanso muviyo amafunika kuyenda kunja kwa nyumbayo. Ziweto ziyenera kupatsidwa mwayi woti azisewera, kuzungulira osazitopetsa kwambiri.

Katemera, chizolowezi chamatenda

Amakhulupirira kuti hay adakhala zaka pafupifupi 7. M'malo mwake, eni akewo akuti ngakhale zaka 10 si chopondera chiweto. Komabe, chiopsezo cha matenda obadwa nawo chimakhala chachikulu.

St. Bernards atha kudwala:

• m'chiuno ndi m'chiwuno dysplasia,
• malingaliro osokoneza zaka zamakono,
• ukufalikira,
• zovuta pakapangidwe ka eyelashes (distichiasis),
• zotupa zoyipa m'mafupa (osteosarcoma),
• mavuto amtima
• kubadwa ogontha
• matenda ashuga.

Osachepera 2 pachaka muyenera kukaonana ndi veterinarian. Matenda ambiri amachiritsidwa bwinobwino ngati atapezeka kuti ali kale.

Katemera wa Puppy

Kutsatira dongosolo la katemera, mutha kuteteza ana anu ku matenda owopsa. Monga lamulo, Katemera woyamba amaperekedwa kwa mwana wakhanda. Wofusayo amakakamizidwa kudziwitsa eni akewo katemera ndi momwe galuyo amathandizira.

Sabata imodzi asanatenge katemera, galu amapatsidwa mankhwala anthelmintic. Kenako amachita mogwirizana ndi chiwembuchi:

• Katemera woyamba ndi wovuta (hepatitis, coronavirus ndi parvovirus enteritis), abwereze pambuyo masiku 10-14,
• Lachiwiri ndi katemera wolimbana ndi mliri (pakatha miyezi 2,5), ndiye kuti katemera amabweretsanso pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mano (pa miyezi 6 mpaka 7),
• Katemera wachitatu wa chifuwa (pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu).

Kuphatikiza pa vaccinations zovomerezeka, pali zingapo zofunika. Izi zikuphatikiza katemera motsutsana ndi leptospirosis, pyroplasmosis, lichen, trichophytosis. Agalu akuluakulu amalandira katemera kamodzi pachaka.

Kudyetsa ana

Kamodzi m'nyumba yatsopano, mwana wa galu amadya zakudya zomwe amakonda. Muyenera kutenga chakudya chamwana kuchokera kwa obereketsa. Kuchokera kuzakudya zatsopano, ana agalu amatha kukhala ndi vuto logaya chakudya. Pang'onopang'ono udzu umasinthidwa ku chakudya china. Chitani izi osachepera tsiku lachitatu. Kusintha kuyenera kupita pang'onopang'ono.

Ndikofunikira kukonza chakudya chokha. Kwa hay mumafunika mbale. Chakudya chizikhala pamiyendo kuti galu asaderere. Ndi kukula kwa galu, kutalika kwa mayimidwe kuyenera kusintha.

Mwana wakhanda mwezi uliwonse amadya 0,5 mpaka 0,2 malita a chakudya. Dyetsani mpaka katatu pa tsiku. Mpaka chaka, kudya zakudya kuyenera kukhala katatu patsiku, ndipo kuyambira 1.5-2 zaka - kawiri pa tsiku. Ngati galu sangadye gawo lathunthu, zotsalazo zimatsuka ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chotsatira. Koma ngati galu atatha kudya sakusunthira kutali ndi mbale yopanda kanthu, ndipo ngakhale kulira, ndiye kuti gawo limakhala laling'ono, ndikofunikira kuti liwonjezeke.

Puppy chakudya

Maziko azakudya ayenera kukhala nyama: nyama, nyama yamwana wankhuku, nkhuku zopanda mafupa. Zoperekera ndiyabwino. Chakudya chizikhala chopanda mphamvu komanso chopatsa mphamvu. Ngati mukukhulupirira mtundu wa nyama - lolani kuti ikhale yaiwisi, muthira madzi otentha. Mwana wakhanda pamwezi amaperekedwa tsiku lililonse kuchokera ku 150 g ya nyama. Pang'onopang'ono onjezerani mlingo. Wachaka wazaka chimodzi wa St. Bernard ayenera kulandira nyama zosachepera 500 g. Ngati yasinthidwa ndi chiwindi, gawo limachulukitsidwa.

Nsomba zimaperekedwa kamodzi pa sabata. Tengani nsomba zam'madzi zopanda mafupa. Zakudya zam'madzi zothandiza: shrimp, seaweed, squid. Kufikira miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, amapatsa kefir ku nyama ndi nsomba kuti akonzetse chimbudzi. Chitani izi musanadye.

Kupatula Kefir, amapatsa mkaka wophika ndi yogurt kuchokera ku zinthu zamkaka. Onjezani kanyumba tchizi ku chakudya (calcined ndichofunika kwambiri), batala (1 tsp. Kufikira miyezi 4, ndiye 1.5 tsp.) Masamba ophikira amabwera pang'onopang'ono muzakudya (amaphwanyidwa pa grater). Porridge imangotitumizira kuwonjezera pazosankha zazikulu. Ana agalu amawiritsa mkaka.

Zakudya za galu wamkulu

Galu sayenera kuloledwa kunenepa. Kwa St. Bernard, izi ndizowopsa. Kuchepetsa kulemera kumakhala kosavuta ndikamadya okonzekera omwe amapangidwa kale. Pali mchere ndi mavitamini onse ofunikira. Koma tikulankhula za kalasi ya feed osatsika kuposa "Premium". Zakudya zotsika mtengo zamtundu woyipa sizoyenera St. Bernards.

Kudya kwachilengedwe koyenera sikubwinonso, koma pamafunika nthawi yambiri ndi mphamvu kuchokera kwa eni ake. Zofunikira kwambiri pazakudya za St. Bernard ndi:

• nyama zonda (makamaka zofiira),
• ng'ombe ndi nyama yamwana wambiri (chiwindi, mtima, zipsera, mabele),
• nsomba zam'nyanja (pali mafupa ambiri mumtsinje ndipo pamakhala chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a helminths),
• zopangidwa mkaka, tchizi choko ndi tchizi,
• masamba osaphika (kaloti, beets, kabichi).

Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu monga chimanga, mafuta ammadzi ndi nsonga zamasamba azomera zam'madzi, nsomba zam'madzi, mafupa (kupatula tubular), mafuta amasamba, batala amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Galu sayenera kupatsidwa maswiti, mankhwala osuta, nkhumba.

Kusankhidwa kwa puppy ndi chisamaliro

Nthawi zonse muziyang'ana pa makolo a mwana wa mwana wamkaziyo. Mwana wanu posachedwapa akhale wawo. Ndipo musaiwale kuphatikiza maluso anu: galu wamkulu amafunika kuchita zambiri kuti akule. Ana agalu amatha kugulidwa kokha kuchokera kwa obereketsa odalirika. Kunja, mwana ayenera kukhala wolimba, wokangalika, wopanda zizindikilo za ma ricores. Maso agalu athanzi ndi oyera, mphuno ndi yonyowa.

Kodi kusamalira mwana wagalu?

Ana agalu a St. Bernard amapanga pang'onopang'ono, koma amakula msanga. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitundu yovuta kwambiri kuswana. Sangakwezedwe ndi ma thumba, sayenera kunyamulidwa ndi manja, ndipo ndi bwino kuwanyamula pamakwerero ndi manja. Nyumbayo siyenera kukhala ndi malo oterera. Matumbo a mwana sayenera kusunthika padera, chifukwa mwina angawononge michere.

M'badwo wovuta kwambiri wa udzu wocheperako ndi miyezi 3-4. Kusatetezeka kwa amayi kumatha kugwira ntchito, ndipo chitetezo chake chimayamba kukhazikika. Potengera maziko awa, mano amasintha, kukhetsa kumayamba. Pakutha kwa miyezi 4 kuti kukonzekera kosayenera kumayambitsa kupindika kwa miyendo ndi mafupa ambiri a cartilage.

Kunja, izi zimatha kuwoneka mwa kuyandikira kwa kulumikizana kwa mafupa a hock, mawonekedwe akuuma kwamayendedwe. Kupindika kwa msana kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Ndi zizindikiro zotere, muyenera kulumikizana ndi azachipatala. Kupanda kutero, kusamalira St. Bernard pang'ono sikumasiyananso. Ayenera kutsitsidwa, kudyetsedwa ndikuyenda naye limodzi.

Maphunziro ndi maphunziro

Galu amapeza maluso oyankhulirana oyamba ndi dziko lakunja panthawi yoyenda. St Bernards amayenda mu mzindawu atadumphadumpha. Koma amafunika kuyenda mwaulere. Musalole kuti chiwetocho chizipita pafupi ndi msewu waukulu kapena zinthu zina zowopsa. Pezani mwana wanu mnzake wa masewera. Asiyeni azingoyambira pamalowo.

Musalole kuti azithamangitsa amphaka ndi agalu, osamupangitsa kuti azithamangitsa njinga yamoto kapena galimoto. Amatha kusambira (kuyambira miyezi itatu), kutsagana ndi ma skiers komanso oyenda pansi (kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi iwiri). Pokwera ma skiers, okwera pamagetsi kapena akatundu ena ali oletsedwa kwa zaka ziwiri.

St. Bernard ayenera kuphunzira malamulo awa: "Fu", "Pafupi", "Imani", "Khala", "Bodza". Mutha kuyamba kuphunzitsa kuyambira miyezi 2-3. Ana agalu anzeru, mumvetsetse zomwe zikufunika kwa iwo. Chiweto chokulirapo sichovuta kuphunzira. Ali ndi zaka 2 amamva zowonjezera zatsopano.Chiwerengero chapamwamba cha maphunziro chiyenera kukhala kuchokera chaka chimodzi mpaka 1.5.

Woyera Bernard obereketsa miyezo

• Amuna - 70-90 cm.
• Mabatani - 65-80 cm.

Mbiri yakale

Saint Bernard ndi imodzi mwazinyama zodziwika bwino kwambiri za agalu zomwe zakhala zikutumikira anthu kwazaka zambiri. Zambiri zodalirika za makolo a zimphona izi sizinasungidwe. Mabuku ena amati anali a Roma Molossians, pomwe ena amakana izi. Mwanjira ina, adakafika ku St Bernard's Shelter pamphasa yolumikiza Italy ndi Switzerland.

Inali njira yokhayo kudzera m'mapiri. Apaulendo amtendere ndi olanda adazigwiritsa ntchito. Zotsutsa masiku amenewo zinali pafupipafupi. Popanda agalu m'dera lotere zingakhale zovuta. Mu 1707, zolembedwa zoyamba zidawoneka za agalu othandizira oyenda komanso kuteteza anyani. Pofika pano, agalu anali atatha kale kukhala movutikira ndipo adagwira ntchito yawo moyenera.

Oyambirira a St. Bernards (ndiyenera kunena, dzinali limangopezeka mu 1880) anali abwenzi ndi oteteza amonke. Pambuyo pake, eni ake adatha kuwona kuthekera kwa kayendedwe kazinthu ndikupeza munthu mu chisanu. Makulu awo amafotokozedwa kuti ndi opambana. M'moyo weniweni, anali ochepa ngati achibale amakono.

Amonke amasamalira kuyera kwa mizereyo ndipo sanawadutse ndi mitundu ina. Ndi kamodzi kokha komwe adabweretsa Newfoundlands pobisalira. Chifukwa chake panali a Bern Bernard a tsitsi lalitali. Koma sanazolowere nyengo yovuta yamapiri.

Kuswana kwakakumana ndi zovuta zambiri. Masiku ano ndizovomerezeka ndi magulu onse azachipembedzo padziko lapansi. Ndipo mu 1967, World Union of St. Bernards Club (WUSB) idakhazikitsidwa mumzinda waku Swiss wa Lucerne. Cholinga cha bungweli ndikuwonetsetsa kuti aberekawo ndi osinthika.

Woyera Bernard - m'dzina lake pali gawo la chiyero

Kutumizira anthu ndi mwayi wa agalu onse am'nyumba. St. Bernard adadzitsimikizira mu gawo ili loyenereradi. Zonsezi zidayamba m'zaka za zana la 11. M'mapiri a Alps, paphiri la Mont Jou, mmonke, yemwe anali munthu wolemekezeka, Bernard de Menton, adapanga malo oyendayenda. M'zaka za XII, malo othawirako adasanduka nyumba ya amonke. A Monk Bernard adasankhidwa kukhala ovomerezeka, amonkewo adatchedwa Saint Bernard.

Kuyambira nthawi ya Alexander the Great, agalu akuluakulu kwambiri akhala akusungidwa ku Alps. Anthu okhala m'derali kwa nthawi yayitali atengera chidwi chawo pakuwona maulendo omwe akuyandikira ndikupeza anthu okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Agalu anayamba kutsagana ndi amonke ndi apaulendo ochokera ku Italy kupita ku Switzerland ndikubwerera.

Pofika m'zaka za zana la 17, opulumutsa adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ngati agalu. Ntchito yowongolera zowongolera idayamba kuchitika. Mitunduyo idakhala ndi dzina oyera mtima. M'zaka za zana la 19, miyambo yambiri ya chipulumutso imati ndi agalu.

Mitundu yatchuka. Otsala adayamba kusamala za kuyera kwa mitunduyo. Maonekedwe galu ali pafupi kwambiri ndi amakono. Mu 1884, buku la Swiss la kuweta nyama SHSB linapangidwa. Agalu oyamba omwe adalembedwa m'bukhu anali a St. Bernards.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Woyera Bernard ndi galu wamkulu kwambiri. Chinyama chachikulu chimalemera kuyambira 60 mpaka 100 kg kapena kupitirira. Kutalika kwakufota kwa wamwamuna sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera 70 cm.Munthu wamkazi wamkulu, chizindikiro ichi ndi masentimita 65. Kutalika kwakukulu kumapazi kwamphongo ndi masentimita 90. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa chikazi kufota: 80 cm .Miyezo zovomerezeka zazitali komanso zolemetsa zimatha kupitilira. Kupatuka uku sikuwonetsedwa ngati vuto ngati kuchuluka ndi kusuntha kwa kayendedwe kumasungidwa.

Miyeso yayikulu, kulemera, osati mawonekedwe a masewera - izi ndi zotsatira za kusankha. Kuti mutsimikizire izi, ingoyang'anani momwe zidawonekera oyera bernard mu chithunzilopangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi.

Kutalika kwa thupi kukutanthauza kutalika komwe kufota, kufalikira 10 mpaka 9. Amafota kwambiri pamwamba pamzere wamba. Mchiuno ndilifupi. Msana ndi chifuwa ndilotakata, chifuwa ndichoperewera.

Woyera Bernard ndi amodzi mwa agalu odziwika kwambiri, omwe amatumikirabe munthu mokhulupirika

Pa khosi lamphamvu pamakhala mutu waukulu. Chigoba ndichotakata. Tsika lakuthwa kuyambira pamphumi mpaka pamphumi. Mphuno ndi yakuda. Maso ndi apakati. Pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha thupi chomveka chimawoneka ngati chanzeru, chofotokozera, chothandiza.

Wokhala ndi miyendo yolimba. Mchiuno mumapangidwa, minofu. Matako ndi otakata. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wolemera, wotambalala pansi. Mwambiri, galu amatha kutchulidwa ngati nyama yayikulu, yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yolemekeza.

Khalidwe

Galu waku bernard wodekha, wochezeka, osati wankhanza. Zimamangidwa kubanja. Ndi chisangalalo amakumana ndi abwenzi komanso ndi anthu ochepa omwe amawadziwa. Samawonetsa nkhanza kwambiri. Kutsegula mchira mosavuta kumatha kuwonetsa chisangalalo.

Ntchito zachitetezo zimachitidwa mosawonetsa powonetsa mphamvu zawo. Pakakhala chiwopsezo kwa abale, galu amadziwonetsa ngati woteteza.

Khalidwe la Bernard Woyera zogwirizana kwathunthu ndi cholinga chake: mnzake, woperekeza, wopulumutsa. Makhalidwe abwino amawonetseredwa ngati, kuyambira paubwana, galu waleredwa ngati membala wabanja. Kukula galu mlengalenga, kudzipatula pagulu, kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zosayembekezeka, mpaka pakusokonezeka m'maganizo a galu.

Woyera Bernard amaphatikiza chilengedwe chabwino ndi mphamvu yayikulu

Ntchito zowopsa, kufalikira kotsika kunayambitsa kuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XIX chiwerengero cha St. Bernards chatsika kwambiri. Amuna awiri atsopano omwe adabwera kumene adabwera nawo ku amonke kuti akabwezeretse manambala.

Chifukwa chodutsa kolowera, mtundu wina watsopano wa St. Bernards unaoneka: wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali. Chiyembekezo chakuti chovala cholimbikitsidwa chidzasintha machitidwe agalu. Mitundu yokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe silinali labwino pantchito zopulumutsa.

Mzere womwe unayambitsidwa ndi Newfoundlands sunayime. Mosiyana ndi izi, galu wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali adalandiridwa ndi anthu ndikuyamba kufalitsa mwachangu. Izi zinapangidwa ndi malingaliro, ulemu, mawonekedwe abwino ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a bwenzi la miyendo inayi. Masiku ano, mizere iwiri ikupanga mofanananira: Tsitsi lalifupi komanso lalitali.

Mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1900, panali kuyesayesa kosiyanasiyana kwa kubereka mitundu yatsopano. Zotsatira zakudutsa St. Bernard ndi agalu ena akulu ndikuwonekera kwa oyang'anira aku Moscow. Nthawi zina amatchedwa Moscow Woyera Bernard.

Mpaka zaka za 80s za XX panali nthawi yothamanga yamagazi a St. Bernard ku mtundu uwu. Tsopano ukhondo wa mzere woberekedwayo ukuwonedwa. Ntchito yayikulu yomwe ochita kubereketsa amaipatsa ndikulimbikitsa mikhalidwe yoteteza ya galu. Adakwanitsa izi. Palibe chifukwa m'dzina la mtunduwo dzina loti "walonda".

Shorthair St. Bernard

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Saint Bernard ndi chinthu chapamwamba chomwe eni malo okhalamo ambiri angathe kugula. St. Bernard amawonekera mnyumba nthawi zambiri ali ndi zaka mwezi umodzi. Izi zisanachitike, gawo lofunikira limachitika - kusankha kwa mwana. Mtundu, ntchito, kukula ndi njira zofunika, chofunikira kwambiri ndizofunikira zazidziwitso za makolo.

Kudya zakudya zomwe mumazolowera, malo abwino ogona, malo omasuka m'nyumba kumapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wabwino. Palibenso chifukwa chogwirira ana galu m'manja mikono yayitali kapena kupita kukagona. Zizolowezi zoyipa zomwe zimapezedwa kuubwana ndizovuta kuzithetsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa thupi kwa mwana ku galu kumayambira msinkhu wa miyezi 3-4. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sakhazikika pamalo omwe kukonzekera kungatheke.

Kuzolowera malo anu enieni ndikofunikira kwambiri pamaphunziro oyambirira. Nthawi yomweyo, mwana wa galu sayenera kusungulumwa. Kuyankhulana pafupipafupi ndi anthu am'banja ndiye chinsinsi cha psyche wathanzi, kudzidalira, kulimba mtima. Khwangwala ayenera kukhala ndi zoseweretsa. Chifukwa chaichi, zinthu zilizonse zomwe sizimayambitsa kuvulala ndizoyenera. Sipangakhale zoletsa pamene mukuyenda kuzungulira nyumba.

Mwana wa galu amakula mwachangu ngati wina mtundu. Woyera wapanja M'chaka choyamba cha moyo kupeza 50-70 kg. Ndi kukula mwachangu chotere, katundu wapadera amagwera pamafupa ndi mafupa. Popeza ichi, kukwera masitepe ndi kudumphira kuchokera kumtunda kuli kovomerezedwa kwa kamwana. Kubweretsa mwana ku msewu mpaka wazaka zitatu zayandikira. Kweza ndi kutsitsa, imagwidwa ndi thupi lonse.

Pafupifupi miyezi itatu, molt woyamba amapezeka, mano amayamba kusintha, ndipo chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chimayamba kugwira ntchito. Kuphatikizidwa kwa zizolowezi zomwe mwapeza, zabwino ndi zoipa.

Kuyambira ndili mwana muyenera kuyenda ndi mwana wanu. Yambani ndikuyenda mwachidule kwa mphindi 15. Gawo labwino pamaulendo oyamba liyenera kukhala lotentha. Kuyenda kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha galu. Kuphatikiza apo, ana agalu amazolowera kusamalira zosowa mumsewu.

Chiwerengero cha kuyenda kwa galu wachichepere chiyenera kukhala chochepera 4. Ndikofunika kuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri padzuwa kapena, osachepera, masana. Kuyendayenda kwa mwana wa galu ndimayendedwe ambiri, osasamala komanso kuyankhulana ndi mwini wake. Mitundu yolemera, kuthamanga, kudumpha ndikukwera zimatha kusokoneza thanzi la nyama.

Asayansi amasirira kuthekera kwa Saint Bernard kuoneratu mvula yamkuntho patatsala mphindi 40 kuti isanayambe

A Little Bern Bernard amafuna nthawi yayitali kuchokera kwa eni ake. Zambiri mwakuti nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kugawana chisamaliro cha nyama pakati pa mabanja onse. Kuphatikiza tsitsi ndi gawo lofunikira posamalira galu, makamaka mukasungunuka. Mwaukadaulo, iyi ndi ntchito yosavuta. Monga chida, zisa zapadera ndi maburashi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Shorthair St. Bernards, zachidziwikire, zimayambitsa zovuta zochepa.

Akatswiri salimbikitsa kutsuka galu pafupipafupi. Kawiri pachaka, imayang'aniridwa pakusamba: kasupe ndi yophukira. Galu limatsukidwa m'madzi kutentha kwa 40 ° C kwathunthu: ndi sopo, kuchapa pansi pa shawa, kupukuta ndi thaulo, kuwuzira youma.

Kuyenda kulikonse kumatha kutha ndi njira zaukhondo. Galu amapukutidwa ndikutsukidwa m'malo. M'nyengo yozizira, njira yabwino kwambiri yoyeretsera ubweya ndi chisanu; chilimwe, kusamba.

Osachepera ubweya womwe muyenera kuchita nawo maso anu. Ma eyoni amaso siotchingira maso bwino. Vutolo limakonzedwa ndikukoka maso tsiku ndi tsiku ndi thaulo la nsalu. Izi zisanachitike, nsalu imakhala yothira madzi ofunda kapena tiyi wopanda mphamvu.

Ngati maso amasambitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndiye kuti ndikokwanira kupukuta makutu kamodzi pa sabata. Njirayi ndi yosavuta: swab ndi yothira ndi antiseptic (mwachitsanzo: mowa wa boric) ndipo khutu limapukutidwa. Zochita zambiri zovuta, monga kupyapyala youma boric m'khutu, ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha mukaonana ndi veterinarian.

Agalu omwe nthawi zambiri amayenda m'njira zaphokoso, akhwangwala amaperera okha. Ngati izi sizingachitike, muyenera kunyamula ma nippers ndikudula zolakwika. Izi zimachitika mosamala kuti zisawononge gawo lamoyo la bulawu. Korneum yosweka yophimbidwa ndi sera kapena guluu wazachipatala.

Zovala za agalu ndi ma taya nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka nthawi yozizira ngati chinyama chikuyenera kuyenda m'misewu yowazidwa ndi mankhwala. Zikatero, pali yankho limodzi lokha: kuvula galu. Nsapato zosavuta zitha kumangidwa nokha kapena kugula zogula zopangidwa kale.

Mano ndi vuto linanso. Mu sabata lachitatu la moyo, mwana wa galu ali ndi mano amkaka. Amayamba kusintha m'miyezi itatu, pofika miyezi 11 kusintha kumatha. Ndi mawonekedwe a mano, galu amayenera kuzolowera kuti mano awoneke.

Kusiyidwa kwa mano kuti aunikire ndikutsuka kumapangitsa moyo kukhala wamwini ndi galu weniweniyo. Chochititsa chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza thanzi la mano, monga galu lonse, ndi chakudya.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Ndi chakudya cha mwana wa galu pamwezi, chilichonse ndichosavuta: mwiniwake watsopano ayenera kumudyetsa iye ndi chakudya chomwe adapereka nazale ya oyera oyera kapena woweta. Malamulo osavuta omwe galu amayenera kutsatira popanda kutsatira: kudyetsa kumachitika nthawi yomweyo, chakudya chitha kupezeka mu mbale yanu.

Chidutswa cha chakudya chitha kuperekedwa ndi omwe akubwera kuchokera m'manja. Izi ndizokhazo zomwe zimayambitsa kudya kudya. Zimakupatsani mwayi wolumikizana pakati pa mwini wakeyo ndi nyamayo ndipo umakuthandizani kuti muphunzire bwino.

Chovuta koma chingapezeke pankhani yodyetsa zakudya sikukutola chakudya pansi kapena pansi. Kuzindikira chiletso ichi kupulumutsa galu thanzi kapena moyo. M'miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo, galu amadyetsedwa nthawi 5-6 patsiku. Chiwerengero cha feedings amachepetsedwa mpaka 3 pachaka. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, galu amatha kudyetsedwa kawiri patsiku.

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mkhalidwe ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi za galu. Ngati chakudyacho sichidadyedwe kwathunthu, magawo amatsitsidwa. Mwana akagundana ndi ngongole osachoka, magawowo amawonjezeka pang'ono.

Maziko a chakudya ndi chakudya chama protein. Choyimira chake chabwino ndi nyama yaiwisi. Mwana wa ana mwezi uliwonse amayenera kukhala ndi 160-200 g patsiku. Pang'onopang'ono, kudya nyama kumawonjezeka ndipo pofika chaka imatha kufika 0,5 kg.

Nyama ya zoyambira zosiyanasiyana (ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa, nyama ya kavalo) ndi yoyenera, koma sayenera kunenepa. Offal ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri: mapapu, mtima, udder. Impso ndi chinthu chopatsa thanzi, koma chifukwa cha fungo loipa, galu akhoza kukana chakudya.

Nsomba ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa St. Bernard. Amatha kusinthanso nyama. Koma kuti mukwaniritse kufunika kwa mapuloteni, adzafunikira kamodzi ndi theka. Nsombazi nthawi zambiri zimaphikidwa mwachidule.

Pofuna kukonza chimbudzi, ana agalu amalandila zinthu mkaka ochulukirapo kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kulimbitsa gawo la mchere komanso mavitamini, zakudya zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya. Akatha kudya, galuyo amapatsidwa mafupa. Ndikofunikira kuti zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa cartilage. Calcium ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa galu wamkulu chotere.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Pang'onopang'ono, estrus woyamba amapezeka miyezi 8-9. Amuna ali okonzekera kukhala wamkulu patatha mwezi umodzi. Koma nyama zazing'ono siziloledwa kukwatiwa. Bitch imatha kuluka utakwanitsa zaka ziwiri. Agalu amakhala opanga okhazikika mu zaka 2.5. Apo ayi ana agalu oyera mtima adzakhala ofooka.

Nyama zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikupanga ana zimayenera kukhala zathanzi, zabwino.Agalu oyandikira chopondera kwambiri zaka 8 nthawi zambiri saloledwa kubereka.

Wamphongo ndi wokonzeka kukwatiwa chaka chonse. Nthawi zonse amafunika kukhala okonzekera njirayi: kudyetsa bwino, kuyenda kwambiri, kuyang'anira thanzi lake. Asanakumane ndi woyambitsa mkaka weniweni, wamwamuna sayenera kumva kupezeka kwa zingwe zamakono. Wamphongo amatha kukhala wamanjenje ndikutentha. Potere, kumangiriza komwe kumakonzedwa kumatha.

Mimba imatenga masiku 64 (kuyambira masiku 58 mpaka 66). Pakadali pano, galuyo amafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezereka. Kuyambira kuyambira milungu itatu, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumachuluka. Ngati chiwerengero chachikulu cha ana agalu chikuyembekezeka, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa amadyetsa amayi oyembekezera.

Pambuyo pa masiku 55 kuyambira pa chiyambi cha kubereka, malo agalu amakonzekereratu galu ndikupatsidwa mwayi woti azolowere. Asanabadwe, eni ake ayenera kukhala pafupipafupi ndi galu - izi zimapatsa mtendere galu.

Ndi ana, St. Bernard amachita ngati ana agalu, kuteteza ndi kuphunzitsa

Omwe akudziwa bwino atha kubereka atha kuthandiza pa nthawi yobereka. Ngati palibe luso losamalira ana, ndibwino kuyitanitsa veterinarian. Oyera a Bernard sangathe kutchedwa kuti a zaka zana limodzi. Zaka 8-10 zimawonedwa kukhala zaka zambiri za moyo wa galu.

Saint Bernards imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosowa. Kusunga izi sikophweka. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa ana agalu oyera mtima ndiwokwera. Koma ngakhale ana ochokera kwa omwe amapanga masinthidwe amatha kukhala ndi vuto.

Ngati chilema chomwe chilipo sichimasokoneza moyo, koma ndikupatuka kwakukulu kuchokera pamwambo wa parody (mwachitsanzo, malocclusion), ndiye kuti mtengo wa oyera mtima imatha kuyambira 100 mpaka 500 $. Ili ndiye gulu lotchedwa ziweto.

Tizilombo tambiri sitimachoka pamtundu wa kubereka. Koma waluso waluso la akatswiri amawona zolakwika zina. Mwana wamphongo wotereyu amatha $ 500-1000. Ili ndi gulu lama brid. Ana agalu angwiro ochokera kumbali zonse, opikisana mtsogolo ndi makolo amtsogolo a akatswiri amakhala amtengo wapatali kuposa $ 1000. Ili ndi gulu lowonetsa.

Kuphunzitsa

Kuphunzitsa kumayamba ndi kuyenda kosavuta. Kuzolowera galu kuti asasewere ndi leash, kuti asatenge chakudya kuchokera kwa anthu osawadziwa, osalola kuti alendo awadziwitse ndi kudzilimbitsa - uwu ndi kupambana kwakukulu poyambira maphunziro.

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zotsatira zake zimatha kuchitika mwachikondi komanso kusinthitsa chidwi cha ana. Ena ali ndi lingaliro loti chilango ndi njira yachilengedwe komanso yovomerezeka yololera zoletsa.

Chofunika kwambiri m'magulu oletsa ndi fu. Koma ndi njira iliyonse yobweretsera zakumbukira kwa galu, lamulo ili siliyenera kuperekedwa nthawi zambiri. Kupanda kutero, amataya kufunika kwake. Ali ndi miyezi ingapo, ngakhale mphunzitsi wopanda nzeru amatha kuphunzitsa galu kutsatira malamulo osavuta: "khalani", "kwa ine", "mawu" ndi zina.

A Bern Bernard amachita nawo agalu ena, koma osakhala aukali

Maphunziro owonjezera nthawi zambiri amayambira zaka zakubadwa. Galu samataya mwayi wake wophunzitsira ndikuyamba kukhala ndi psyche yokhazikika. Galu nthawi zambiri amalandila maluso apadera motsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi waluso wazaka 1 mpaka 2.

Matenda omwe angakhale ndi njira zawo

Pazonse, galu wa St. Bernard ali ndi thanzi labwino. Koma nthawi yakula, ndiye kuti, asanakwanitse chaka chimodzi, amawopsezedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mafupa ndi mafupa. Mwachitsanzo: dysplasia, hernia ya vertebral disc.

Ndi zaka, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuonekera chifukwa cha kudya kwambiri komanso ntchito zochepa zamagalimoto. Zotsatira zake - matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha ya m'mimba, thirakiti la m'mimba ndi ziwalo zina zamkati.

Kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje kapena cholowa kungayambitse khunyu. Menyu yoyenera, zochita zoyenera, mayendedwe ataliatali amasamalira thanzi la galu pamlingo wabwino. Ndipo mwini nyumbayo adzapatsidwa ubwenzi ndi cholengedwa chachikulu komanso chopambana.