Dzikoli limakhala ndi nyama zosiyana kwambiri komanso zodabwitsa. Tikudziwa ambiri, koma ena sanatizolowere kwambiri, ngakhale kuti siosangalatsa ngati nyama wamba. Chimodzi mwa nyama zotere ndi indri.

Indri ndi mandimu akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe amapanga mtundu wawo wapadera ndi banja la indriyas. Mitundu indri ena. Onsewa amasiyana maonekedwe awo ndipo ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana.

Kukula kwawo pang'ono kumaperewera mita, amatha kukula mpaka 90 cm, koma mchira ndi wocheperako, 5 cm okha, mosiyana ndi mandimu. Kulemera kwawo kumatha kuchoka pa kilogalamu 6 mpaka 10. Ali ndi miyendo yayikulu kwambiri yakumaso, ndipo zala zawo zimapezeka, ngati dzanja la munthu, ndi chala cham'mbali, kuti aziyenda mosavuta.

Mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa indri zonse ndiz zakuda, chovalacho ndichapamwamba, chakuda, chofiyira, chili ndi mitundu yoyera ndi yakuda. Zowona, kutengera malo omwe akukhalako, mtunduwo umatha kusintha kukula kuchokera ku mtundu wokhazikika kwambiri, wakuda kukhala wopepuka. Koma phokoso la nyamayi silikutidwa ndi tsitsi, koma lili ndi mtundu wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda.

Nyama zokondweretsa izi zimatha kuwoneka ku Madagascar. Ma lemurs akhazikika mmenemo mwangwiro, indri imakhalanso yabwino pachilumba chino, makamaka kumpoto chakum'mawa.

Tizilombo timakonda kwambiri zinyama, pomwe mvula ikagwa mvula sisituluka msanga, koma chifukwa cha masamba obiriwira imakhala kwa nthawi yayitali. Chinyezi chimapereka moyo kuzomera zamitundu mitundu zosiyanasiyana zamitengo iyi, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa indri. Crested Indrimwachitsanzo, ili ndi mchira wautali. Amagwiritsa ntchito akudumphira, posunthira mitengo ndi nthambi.

Chithunzi Crested Indri

Ndipo mtundu wamtunduwu ndiwosiyana - kutulutsa indri pafupifupi koyera, kumakhala ndi zilembo zakuda. Kwa zikwangwani zakuda izi (makamaka pachifuwa), zazimayi zazimuna zimalemekezedwa. Asayansi aulula kuti azimayi achichepere oopsa amatha nthawi zambiri kugona ndi amuna omwe ali ndi mawere amtundu wakuda.

Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti, amuna ndi akazi onse amatenga gawo lawo. Komabe, akaziwo akazindikira zomwe ali nazo kuti pasapezeke wina aliyense pamalo awo, amphindikawo azilemba gawo kuti akope atsimawo. Index Yofiyidwa ili ndi kusiyana kwake - imakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali kumbuyo kwake. Indri yokhala ndi nkhope yoyera ndi mandimu akuluakulu.

Shaggy Indri

Oimira mtunduwu amatha kufikira 10 kg kulemera. Mwa njira, awa amakhalanso indri, omwe amakhala ndi mchira wamakhalidwe abwino mpaka 45 cm. Choyambitsidwa indri adasankha kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chilumbacho.

Pali oimira ma indriyas, omwe mwa chilengedwe mulibe zoposa 500 (indri Perriere). Ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo adalembedwa kalekale mu International Red Book.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Nkhalango ndi mitengo yayikulu ndiyofunika kwambiri ku nyama izi, chifukwa zimakhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo, koma nthawi zambiri zimatsikira pansi, kenako, ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Pansi, anyani a Indri amayenda ngati amuna ang'ono pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndikukweza miyendo yawo yakutsogolo. Koma pa mtengo wa indri kumva ngati nsomba m'madzi. Amatha kudumpha mphezi mwachangu osati kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, komanso kuchokera kumtengo kupita kumtengo.

Zimayenda modabwitsa osati mbali zowongoka zokha, komanso modabwitsa zimangoyenda pansi ndi pansi. Indri sagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku. Amakonda tsiku lotentha kwambiri. Amakonda kuzilimbitsa, atakhala m'malo a mitengo, kufunafuna chakudya, ndi kumangoyala panthambi.

Usiku, amasuntha pokhapokha ngati mtendere wawo udasokonekera chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa kapena kuwukira kwa adani. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nyama iyi ndi kuyimba kwake. "Konsati" nthawi zonse chimachitika nthawi yodziwika bwino, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 7 koloko mpaka 11 a.m.

Matikiti sangathe kugulidwa, kulira kwa mabanja a ku Indri kumafalikira mtunda wautali, kumveka kumveka mkati mwa 2 km kuchokera kwa "woyimbayo". Ndiyenera kunena kuti Indri sanayimbidwe chifukwa cha zosangalatsa zawo, mofuula awa amadziwitsa aliyense kuti gawo lomwe lawolowa kale ndi banja.

Ndipo momwe muli anthu awiri, nthawi zambiri, zimaphatikizapo malo kuyambira mahekitala 17 mpaka 40. Kuphatikiza pa nyimbo, yamphongo imakhalanso gawo la gawo lake. Nthawi zambiri, indri amatchedwa sifaka. Amayi awa adadzipeza dzina chifukwa choti nthawi yamavuto amapanga mawu osokonekera omwe amafanana ndi chifuwa kapena kubangula kwambiri - "sifff-ak!". Anthu omwe adawona adawona izi ndipo adazitcha indri sifaka.

Chakudya cha Indri

Zakudya za nyama izi sizosiyana kwambiri. Chakudya chachikulu ku Indri ndi masamba a mitengo yamitundu yonse. Zomera za ku Madagascar zili ndi zipatso zambiri ndi maluwa onunkhira, pokhapokha atapanda kulawa ndi mandimu akuluakulu awa, adzadya dzikolo bwino.

M'malo mwake, iyi si nthabwala. Indri atha kutsika pamtengo kuti adye dziko lapansi. Chifukwa chiyani amachita izi, asayansi sanaphunzire kwenikweni, koma akuwonetsa kuti dziko lapansi lingasinthe zinthu zina zapoizoni zomwe zili m'masamba. Masamba sangathe kutchedwa zakudya zama calorie apamwamba, kotero kuti musawononge mphamvu, indri mupumule kwambiri.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nyama izi siziswana chaka chilichonse. Wamkazi amatha kubala mwana wamwamuna mmodzi aliyense, kapenanso zaka zitatu. Mimba yake ndi yayitali - miyezi isanu. Mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya indri, nthawi yakukhwima imagwera miyezi yosiyanasiyana, ndipo, chifukwa chake, makanda amawonekera nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Indri wachichepere woyamba amakwera pamimba ya amayi ake, ndipo pamapeto pake amasunthira kumbuyo kwake. Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mayiyo amadyetsa khandalo ndi mkaka wake, ndipo miyezi 6 yokha itatha kuyamwa kuyamwa kuchokera ku zakudya za amayi.

Komabe, wachinyamata wamwamuna Indri amatha kumadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu pomaliza atakwanitsa miyezi 8. Koma kwa chaka chimodzi amakhalabe ndi makolo ake, choncho amakhala otetezeka, wodalirika kwambiri, ndipo amakhala mosasamala. Akazi amakhala okhwima pazaka 7, kapena ngakhale azaka 9.

Asayansi sanathebe kudziwa zaka zomwe nyamazi zimakhala. Komabe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo achilendo, nyamazo ndizomwe zimakhulupirira zamatsenga osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha izi, amawonongedwa kwambiri. Koma ndizovuta kwambiri kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa mandimu awa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira chisamaliro chapadera kusamalira nyama zosowa ngati izi.

Indri yocheperako

Kukula kwa indri yocheperako kumakhala pakati: kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira pa masentimita 61 mpaka 71. Kupukutira kumakhala kotalikirapo ndipo mphuno ndiyofupikitsa, ndikupangitsa indri kuwoneka ngati nyani.

Ngakhale kawirikawiri lemur imakhala ndi muzzulo. Mutu umakhala wocheperako ndipo umayerekeza ndi thupi lonse limawoneka wosasiyana. Makutu akulu okwanira amakutidwa ndi tsitsi. Gawo lodziwika bwino la indri lalifupi ndi michira yayifupi, ndi mainchesi 5-6 okha, kukula kotero pakati pa congeners ndi ochepa kwambiri. Zala zakumaso ndizolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba imodzi, chifukwa chake zimagwira ntchito yonse, ndipo magwiridwe akugwira amachitika mothandizidwa ndi chala.

Chovala chakumaso ndi chakuda, chachitali, chofiyira, komanso pamimba chinafupikitsa. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana: bulauni, imvi, wakuda. Anthu ena amatha kukhala pafupifupi akuda, pomwe ena ndi oyera. Back, mutu ndi mphete nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda. Kumbuyo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo opingasa. Ma short-tailed indri amakhala ndi ma sary laryngeal sac omwe amakhala ngati othandizira.

Indri yachidule-Indri (Indri indri).

Khalidwe la Indri

Kukhazikika kwa malo okhala ndi gawo lalifupi ndi nkhalango zamvula zomwe zimamera pamalo okwera mpaka 1800. Nyama izi zimakhala m'magulu a mabanja a anthu atatu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wopanda tanthauzo. Onetsani zochitika masana. Monga lamulo, amapezeka m'malo ena.

Kukwera thunthu, Indri mochenjera ophatikizidwa ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Zimatsikira mosatekeseka, mchira choyamba.

Mitengo ya Indri simatha nthawi yawo yonse, nthawi zina imagwera pansi. Pansipa, kusunthira kwa indri, kudumpha, ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, pomwe thupi limangogwidwa molunjika, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo imagwiridwa pamwamba pamutu chifukwa chokwanira. Indri yocheperako yokhala kumapeto kwa nthambi, atakhala, ndikuwongoletsa miyendo yawo ndi manja awo. Amathanso kutambalala kukhala nthambi, ndipo miyendo imakhazikika.

Monga mandimu onse, ammiri ndi anthu okhala ku Madagascar.

Ma lemurswa amakonda kuphira padzuwa, pomwe akupumula amatambasula miyendo yawo kumbali kuti atenthe pachifuwa ndi m'mimba. Chifukwa cha izi, nthano zakhala zikuchitika zomwe zimapembedza dzuwa.

Indri ndi nyama zowopsa, koma ali ndi mawu okweza kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi iwo kufalitsa nkhani zawo.

Mwa mandimu, afupi-a-indri okhala ndi mawu okweza kwambiri. Olemba ambiri m'mbuyomu adawatcha "agalu amtchire", nyama izi zimangolira ngati agalu. Ndipo ena akuti amalira ngati munthu akulira. Mawu awo amamveka usana ndi usiku. Nthawi zambiri kumangolira kwa mphindi zochepa, kenako kupuma kumatsata, ndipo mawu akumvekanso.

Mverani mawu a Short-tailed Indri

Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi masamba, zipatso ndi maluwa. Amadya makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo.

Indri - herbivorous anyani. Amadya zipatso zambiri komanso masamba ambiri.

Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Mwana m'modzi yekha ndiye amabadwa.

Maphunziro oyamba a indri yochepa

Sonner adazindikira Indri yocheperako, izi zinachitika nthawi yomweyo ndikutsegulira kwa ay-ay. Adayitanitsa nyama za idri, akukhulupirira kuti ili ndi dzina la nyamayo, koma kwenikweni dzinalo limatanthawuza "ndi uyu."
Poyamba, nzika za komweko zinkayesetsa kuti zisavulaze nyama izi. M'mafuko ena amadziwika kuti ndi opatulika, ambiri nthano zosiyanasiyana adalumikizana nawo. Amaganiza kuti ngati utaya mkondo ndi nyama, uigwira ntchentche ndikuyiponyera kumbuyo. Sonner adalemba nthano izi, koma sizikunena kuti zolemba za wofufuzawo sizodalirika.

Popita nthawi, indriyo idaleka kuonedwa kuti ndi yopatulika. Rand adalemba mu 1935 kuti mafuko ena amagwiritsa ntchito nyama ya nyamazi, pomwe ena amavomereza kukolola indri kuti asonkhe. Sonner adalemba kuti amtunduwo amakokolola indri ngati agalu osaka, kapena kuwaphunzitsa kugwira mbalame.

Mawu oti "indri" ku Madagascar amatanthauza "ndi awa."

Kuchulukana kwa anthu ku Indri

Indri yaifupi-yolekerera bwino kulolera ukapolo, sangathe kuyenderana ngakhale kumayiko awo. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe adakwanitsa kubweretsa amoyo ku America ndi ku Europe. Koma ali mu ukapolo sanaberekepo, ndipo kuwasamalira ndivuto. Zomwe zimapangitsa izi sizikudziwika bwino, koma pali malo oti pakhale zochitika zakuthupi komanso zamaganizidwe.

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi makina othandiza kugaya, motero, nthawi zambiri, sizingafanane ndi nyengo zatsopano. Chifukwa cha izi, amakhala owopsa ndikulephera kukhala ndi moyo.

Amalagasy amakhulupirira kuti mizimu ya akufa imakhalabe ndi moyo wamkati.

Mpaka posachedwa, tair yochepa-pang'onopang'ono indri inali yochulukirapo, koma kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango kudadzetsa kuchepetsa kwakukulu. Masiku ano, malo amtundu wocheperako wa chilumba cha Madagascar, ndiwofanana ndi anyani ambiri pachilumba cha Madagascar, koma popeza ali ndi gawo laling'ono logawa, vutoli limakhala lofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo. Posachedwa, indri yocheperako imatha kuzimiririka.

Chiwerengero cha anthu chapakati pachilumbachi m'malo omwe mapiri ndi zitunda zidakhudzidwa. Posachedwa, panali mitundu yambiri ya Indri komweko, koma tsopano kulibe nkhalango kumeneko.

Indri yocheperako imakhala m'malo awiri, koma ngakhale pamenepo sapatsidwa chitetezo chodalirika.

Malo osungidwa ku Madagascar ndi malo ocheperako omwe amapezeka pakati pa malo opanda mitengo pomwe kulibe mitengo konse. M'malo akutali amenewa, nyama sizingakhale moyo momwe zidakhalira. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale madera ang'onoang'ono otetezedwawa ali pachiwopsezo, popeza anthu akuwalowera.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha indri lero ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo okhala.

Kufunitsitsa kwa anthu kuti apange malo atsopano ndiwodziwikiratu, chifukwa m'zaka zoyambirira malo pano opanga zipatso ndikuwongoletsa ndalama zimachepetsedwa. Ndi chifukwa chomwechi kuti nkhalango za ku Madagascar zikusowa pamozi. M'madera ena, amawonongedwa kotheratu, ndipo izi zimawononga zinyalala ndi maluwa.

Anthu samvetsetsa kuti madera otetezedwa ndiwopindulitsa bwanji, ndipo zachilengedwe izi zimawopsezedwa kuti ziwonongeke. Kuti athane ndi vutoli pang'ono, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kampani yoteteza nkhalango, ndipo boma liyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti lipulumutse malo omwe atetezedwa kale.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Lemur - kufotokozera, chiyambi cha dzinalo

Pali mtundu wosangalatsa wokhudza maonekedwe a dzina la nyama yokongola iyi.

Pomwe amalinyero akale achi Roma omwe adayendera pachilumba cha Madagascar adamva kukuwa m'matulo usiku, kukumbukira momwe kulira kwa ana. Atapita kukathandizidwe, monga momwe amakhulupilira, kwa ana, omwe nyama zodyera zomwe zimawafuna kwambiri kudya, adawona maso akulu akuyaka mumdima. Malingaliro, olimbikitsidwa ndi mantha, anapangitsa Aroma kuthamangira kumalo osungirako, chifukwa, mwa lingaliro lawo, "lemurs" amakhala m'mitengo. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo chakale cha Roma, liwu lachiwirilo limatanthawuza "mizimu yoyipa", "mizukwa."

Oyendetsa sitimawo sankaganiza konse kuti cholengedwa chokongola ngati anyani kapena anthu, sichingawawopetse, osawopsa kapena ayi. Chifukwa chake, polankhula za mizimu yoyipa kudya ana pachilumba cha Madagascar, apaulendo adatchulapo lemurs. Ndipo dzinalo lakhazikika.

Kodi mandimu amakhala kuti?

Lemurs ndi nyama zachilengedwe, popeza malo omwe amakhala - ichi ndi chilumba cha Madagascar ndi Comoros, pakati pa Africa ndi Madagascar. Ngati nyama zisanakhale pafupifupi pachilumba chonse cha Madagascar, tsopano m'malo achilengedwe zimatha kupezeka kumadzulo kokha (kuchokera ku Fort Dauphin kupita ku Monradov) komanso m'mapiri a Andringitra.

Malinga ndi nthano, ma lemurs amayenda kuchokera ku Africa pamalonda omwe amapanga. Izi, zoona, sizingakhale, koma chowonadi china chili m'nkhaniyi. Asayansi amakono akunena kuti nyamazo zimatha kudutsa pachilumbacho cholekanitsidwa kuchokera kumpanda ndi nthambi zazikulu ndi mitengo panthawi yotsika nyanja, ndipo mwina kudutsa osaya kwambiri omwe adapangidwa nthawi imeneyo. Popeza pachilumbachi kunalibe adani, anthu ankakula mwachangu. Mtundu wa komweko udathandizanso ma lemurs: nkhalangoyi inali yodzaza ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zoyenera.

Malingana ndi mtundu wina, zinali zodziwika kuti anthu omwe adatsalako pamalo omwe adagawidwa kudera lomwe tsopano lino ndi Madagascar, popeza panali adani ochepa komanso chakudya chochuluka.

Tsopano malo omwe ma lemurs amakhala ndi nkhalango zosiyanasiyana: nkhalango zowuma, nkhalango yonyowa, malo otsetsereka a mapiri. Ambiri amakhala alipo, amakonda moyo wamadzulo. Mitundu ina imakhala m'mabanja.

Nthawi zina makamaka oimira olimba mtima amayendayenda m'mapaki amtawuni kapena kukafufuza malo obwebweta kuti akapeze chakudya.

Kufotokozera kwa Lemurs

Kwa ambiri, mandimu ndi nyama zokongola zokhala ndi maso akulu, tsitsi lowoneka bwino, losachedwa kukwawa kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi ndikukutcha masamba. Pali zambiri zowona ndi zosalungama m'chithunzichi zomwe zidayamba kuzindikira. Inde, nyama zambiri zimakhala ndi maso akulu, koma si mitundu yonse yomwe ili ndi maso akulu. Sikuti aliyense ali ndi malaya ofewa. Ndipo sikuti nthawi zonse nyama izi zimakhala zaulesi komanso zochepa, zina zimathamanga kwambiri pansi, zimatha kuyenda m'mphepete mwa miyala, kudumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita ku nthambi, kuthana ndi mtunda wawutali.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi kusiyana kwa maonekedwe a nyamayo.Tikuwuzani za oyimilira payekhapayekha a mandimu popitiliza nkhaniyi, koma pakadali pano tikuwonetsa zazikulu za nyama zapaderazi.

Kukula kwa nyama kumatengera mtundu wake: zazikulu kwambiri ndi zamkati - zimamera mpaka mita ndipo zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 10, ndipo zazing'ono kwambiri ndi mandimu a mbewa, omwe samakula kuposa 23 cm, pomwe 10cs ndi kutalika kwa mchira, ndi kulemera pafupifupi 50 gr Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nyama zomwe zikanapezeka zamtunduwu komanso kuzimiririka pakadali pano zitha kukhala zolemera makilogalamu 200 ndikukula kwake (kuyambira mwana wa ng'ombe wazaka ziwiri).

Kusuntha kwa mandimu ambiri ndi kwamtunda, kokumbukira nkhandwe. Maso nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda mawonekedwe kutsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke. kuti nyamayo imadabwa. Mtundu wamaso umatengera mitundu: nthawi zambiri lalanje-lofiirira, chikasu-chikasu. Lemur yakuda imakhala ndi maso omwe ndi osiyana ndi nyama zamtchire - buluu.

Malingaliro a nyamazo ali ndi zala zisanu, zopangidwa bwino, chifukwa ntchito zogwira ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukwera mitengo. Mu nyama zonse, chala chamtsogolo chimatsutsana ndi zina zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsike nthambi. Chovala chachikulu chimatsamira pachala chachiwiri cha malekezero apansi (ambiri pazala zina amakula misomali), omwe "amaphatikiza" tsitsi lakuda. Koma kutalika kwa miyendo molingana ndi gawo la "kutsogolo" kumbuyo kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu: kwa ena, miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyitali kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo. Izi ndichifukwa cha moyo wosakhazikika komanso kufunikira kumamatira kuma nthambi ndi kukangamira. Mitundu imodzimodzi yomwe imakhala padziko lapansi imakhala ndi miyendo yolingana, kapena miyendo yakumbuyo yophatikizira.

Ma lemurs ambiri ali ndi michira ya mchira, yomwe, imagwiranso ntchito zambiri: imathandizira kuyendetsa bwino pamene kudumpha kapena kuthamanga, kumamatira kuma nthambi ndikusunga nyama, ndi chida chothandizira kwa anthu ena, makamaka okhala m'matumba. Lemur yokhala ndi mchira waukulu imamuyang'anira kwambiri: nthawi zonse amasamalira zaukhondo. Nthawi zina kutalika kwa mchirawo kumaposa kukula kwa thupi la chinyama. Ndipo ma lemurs a Indri okha ali ndi michira yochepa, yomwe imangokula 5 cm.

Kuwona nyama zoseketsa izi, zitha kudziwika kuti zimapenda zinthu mosasamala, koma sizithamangira kuzikhudza. Mwachilengedwe, achinyamata, osadziwa zambiri akhala akuphunzira nyama kapena zomera zatsopano. Home Lemur sidzakhudza chilichonse osasanthula mwatsatanetsatane komanso osayamikira chitetezo.

Makhalidwe a lemur m'malo achilengedwe

Ngati m'mbuyomu tinkakhulupirira kuti ma lemurs anali nyama zapakhomo zokha, ndiye kuti kafukufuku waposachedwa wamoyo wa nyama izi amatsimikizira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana pamakhalidwe, zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, njira imodzi ya moyo.

Nyumba yaku Madagascar ikuwongolera moyo wamadzulo: masana nyama ikuluikuluyi imabisala masamba a mitengo, koma usiku imadzuka kuti idye ndi kucheza ndi abale, pomwepo aliyense akumva kukuwa kowopsa. Kutayamba kwamdima, lemurs zambiri zazing'ono zimadzuka, zikubisalira m'misasa mumitengo masana. Mafuta abwinobwino amakhala ndi moyo wamadzulo, amakonda kukhala m'nkhalangozi.

Koma mandimu amphaka amathandizira masana kuposa usiku. Izi ndichifukwa choti amakhala padziko lapansi. Ankhondo okhala ndi mutu wofiira wokhala pamitengo imawonetseranso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Indrias zokhala ndi timiyala tating'onoting'ono timayesedwa moyenerera kukhala "nthawi yamasana": nyamazo zimakhazikitsa matupi awo padzuwa, zimayala panthambi za mitengo, ndipo zimagona pakuda. Yogwira masana ndikuwotcha sifaki (vero), wokhala pamitunda m'malo achinyezi pachilumbachi.

Zochita za macaco lemurs (zakuda) zimatengera nyengo ndi gawo la mwezi: mwezi watsopano ndi nthawi zowuma amakhala ndi moyo wamtopola, ndipo nthawi yamvula nyama izi zimayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira kutuluka kwa dzuŵa mpaka kumadzulo.

Ma lemurs amadziwika ndi chikhalidwe cha kubisala kwakanthawi: kwakanthawi amabisala m'misala ndikukhala nthawi yopuma.

Mgwilizano wa nyama izi ndizosiyananso. Monga lamulo, mandimu amakhala m'magulu otsogozedwa ndi akazi. Kukula kwachichepere sikusiya banja lake, ndikupitiliza kukhala mkatikati, ndikukhala m'malo mwake, wotsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe ake. "Banja" loterolo limaphatikizidwa ndi mandimu okhala ndi mphete zozungulira zomwe zimakhala m'miyala yokhala ndi maubwenzi olimbitsa bwino banja komanso kugawa maudindo. Mitundu yofiira imakhalanso m'matumba a anthu 20.

Ma mandimu abwino okhala ndi nyama zangokha zomwe zimangokhala kwa nthawi yochepa kuti mukhale ndi ana. Ndizokha mitundu yambiri ya mandimu ang'ono omwe amakonda kukhala m'maenje ochepa pamitengo kapena ma mink.

Indri nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mabanja: achimuna, achimuna ndi ana awo azaka zosiyanasiyana. Ngati nyama zokhwima zitapanga mabanja awo, zimasiyana ndi makolo awo ndikupita kudera lawo. Ufulu wawo wogawidwa ku Indri sikuti umangolembedwa ndi miyambo yachikhalidwe, komanso kuyimba mawa kwambiri. Ma mandimu a golide a bamboo amapanga mabanja abwino omwe. Kuphatikizikako ndikosavuta: makolo ndi ana, omwe, akamakula, amasiya banja ndikupanga lawo.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti mikono yaku Madagascar, ikusankha kukhala yopanda banja (imamanga chisa m'mafoloko a mitengo yokha), imakonda kusaka kapena kusewera awiriawiri.

Ma lemurs onse ndi nyama zamtunda zomwe zimayang'ana malo awo ndi mkodzo kapena ma enzyme apadera komanso kuteteza tsamba lawo kuchokera kwa alendo osadziwika. Nyama zamitengo zimayala nyumba zawo podula makungwa a mitengo kapena nthambi zoluma.

Kodi mandimu amadya ndi kudya chiyani zachilengedwe?

Mwachilengedwe, ma lemurs amadya kwambiri zakudya zam'mera, ngakhale ndizosatheka kunena kuti nyama zonse zamtunduwu zimadyanso chimodzimodzi.

Popeza ambiri mwa nyama izi amakhala pamitengo, zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi zomwe amatha kupeza kuzungulira iwo. Monga lamulo, awa ndi zipatso kucha (nkhuyu, nthochi), masamba, mphukira zazing'ono, mbewu za maluwa, maluwa. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kusangalala ndi mitengo ya mitengo.

Zakudya za mbewu sizikhala zokwanira kubwezeretsa mphamvu nthawi zonse, kotero mandimu amalipira izi popumira kwakanthawi kapena pang'onopang'ono.

Mwachitsanzo, anthu ang'onoang'ono, mandimu amadzuwa, amasangalala kudya timadzi tokongola ta maluwa, mungu wawo, ndi ma resins a mbewu. Komanso nyamayi imadya mphutsi ngakhale tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Mitundu ina imakonda zakudya zamasamba. Ma handles aku Madagascar amakonda kwambiri coconut ndi mkaka wa mango, mandimu amphaka amakonda kwambiri zipatso za Indian date (tamarind), ndipo mandimu agolide ndi bamboo satsutsana ndi mphukira za bamboo.

Koma sikuti mandimu onse ndi herbivorous. Muyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zina mumadya mandimu ndi tizilombo: kafadala, agulugufe (makamaka iwo omwe amawuluka usiku), akangaude, zovala zofananira, maphemwe. Mafuta amtundu wa mbewa sangakane ma vertebrates ang'ono: chameleons ndi achule. Kuwona nyama zikuwonetsa kuti amadya mbalame zazing'ono ndi mazira awo.

Indri lemurs nthawi zina amadya lapansi. Izi zokhudzana ndi zakudya zimayamba chifukwa chofuna kupangitsa kuti zinthu zina za poizoni zomwe zimapezeka m'zomera zithe.

Nyama nthawi zambiri zimagwira chakudya ndi mano awo kapena zimagwira pakamwa pawo ndikubweretsa pakamwa pawo. Kuwona nyama panthawi yakudya kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa ambiri aiwo amafanana ndi anthu.

Lemur kunyumba kapena kumalo osungira nyama amatha kupitilira chakudya chosakhala chake ndikuchizolowera kusintha zakudya zachilengedwe, komabe munthu ayenera kuganizira zomwe amakonda mwanyama.

Kuswana kwa lemur

Nthawi yakutha mumtundu uliwonse imakhala mosiyanasiyana. Wocheperako nyama kukula ndi kulemera, koyambirira amatha kubereka. Chifukwa chake, abiri wamkulu amayamba kukhwima pokhapokha ali ndi zaka zisanu, ndipo mbewa zazifupi zakutsogolo zitha kubereka ana mchaka chimodzi. Ngakhale kuti mitundu ina imatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zopitilira 30, zaka zawo zobala mwana ndizochepa.

Nthawi zambiri nyengo yakukhwima nyama imagwirizana ndi nyengo inayake. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi - zakudya zomwe zimakonda zimakhudza nthawi ya chibwenzi.

Nyengo yakukhwima, nyama zimatchulana mokweza, kupukusira omwe asankhidwa, yesani kuwalemba iwo ndi fungo lawo.

Maubwenzi apakati pa akazi ndi amuna ndi osiyana. Mitundu yambiri siyimadzaza awiriawiri. Wamphongo mmodzi amakhala kholo la ana akazi ambiri ndipo satenga nawo mbali polera ana. Koma m'banjamo amakumana awiriawiri: nyamayo imapeza mnzake pokhapokha itamwalira.

Ngakhale kuti pakati pa ma lemurs amatenga pakati, kutengera mtunduwu, umatenga miyezi iwiri mpaka isanu ndi iwiri, amabereka kamodzi kokha pachaka. Ndipo mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, mkono wa ku Madagascar, ndipo ngakhale pang'ono, kamodzi pachaka 2-3 chilichonse.

Nthawi zambiri, kamwana kamodzi kamabadwa, kocheperapo kawiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti amabadwa opanda thandizo. Ena samalemera kuposa magalamu asanu. Ngakhale makanda a anthu akuluakulu amabadwa ndi kulemera kwa 80-120 gr okha. Lemur yaying'ono amatsegula maso ake tsiku lachiwiri kapena lachisanu, mpaka nthawi imeneyo samamva. Mitundu yocheperako yokha ndiyomwe imabala ana owona. Koma ana amakula bwino akatha kuzindikira: akangobadwa, amayamba kumamatira tsitsi la amayi pamimba, pomwe amadzipeza mkaka ndi kutentha okha. Ndipo pakatha milungu ingapo amatha kusamukira kumbuyo kwa mkaziyo, komwe amakhala mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Sikuti mayi aliyense amatha kubereka ana awiri, motero nthawi zambiri amabereka zochepa.

Pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, nthawi zina ana amphongo amayamba kusiya kumbuyo kwa mkaziyo kuti akwaniritse gawo lake. Makolo osamala amawabweza othawa, chifukwa makanda osasamala amatha kugwa pamitengo ndikufa.

Koma mawonekedwe ndi miyezi yoyambirira yaunyamata mwa mitundu ina ali ndi mawonekedwe awo. Chifukwa chake, mbewa zaimvi zimayeretsa ana m'maenje okonzedwa mwapadera, pomwe zinyalala zimatha mpaka milungu iwiri kenako ndikutuluka.

Mwanjira yapadera ana a lemurs amadzuka. Choyamba, amamanga chisa cha ana osabadwa. Kachiwiri, awa ndi mandimu okha omwe amatha kubereka ana 5-6 nthawi imodzi. Ndipo pamapeto pake, kwa masabata angapo, mandimu amakhalabe mu chisa moyang'aniridwa ndi wamwamuna, ndipo osamamatira wamkazi.

Kwabwino kwambiri posankha bwenzi Lore Lemurs. Posachedwa, nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimaweta ngati ziweto. Ngati m'malo achilengedwe pali mwayi wopanga banja ndi zomwe. yemwe nyama imumvera chisoni, ndiye kuti mandimu anyumba, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi pafupi, sangakhale ndi mwana, chifukwa sangakonde mnzake.

Mitundu ya Lemurs

Popeza mandimu analibe mdani ku Madagascar, ndipo anyama omwe amawachotsa kumalo ena sanapezeke pano, nyama zimatha kutuluka. Kuphunzira nyama izi kunayamba posachedwa: kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya nyama zapaderazi, zomwe zagawidwa m'mabanja anayi:

Banja lirilonse lomwe liripo lili ndi magulu ake.

Zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza zikuwonetsa kuti nyama zidapezeka ku Madagascar zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo pakadali pano pali mabanja atatu omwe atha kale:

megadalapids, paleopropithecus, archeolemurs.

Za mabanja osowa omwe tidzafotokozere pambuyo pake. Ndipo tsopano ndinkafuna kuyambitsa oimira otchuka kwambiri.

Mphete yokhala ndi mphete

Nyama zamtunduwu ndi mtundu wamakalata aku Madagascar, ngakhale amakhala kum'mwera kwa chisumbucho. Dera lovomerezeka ndi lemur yokhala ndi mphete, kapena katta, ndi wa banja la lemur.

Amakhala m'mabanja omwe ali ndi ubale wamphamvu wolimbirana: mutu wa paketi ndi mkazi wa alpha, yemwe amayang'anira dongosololi mosamala, amatsogolera abale kuti adye. Amuna amtunduwu sakhala m'khola nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri amabwera kokha nthawi yakukhwima, kenako nkukachoka kukafuna gulu lina. Izi zimapereka ana athanzi popanda wachibale.

Cat mandur imakhala ndi mtundu woyambirira kwambiri: maso ngati ozunguliridwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, lomwe limapangitsa kuti nyamayo ioneke yayikulu komanso yokhala tcheru. Pamimba lofiirira ndipo limakhala ngati chovala chaumunthu, motero amakhulupirira kuti cholengedwachi ndi chofanana ndi munthu, makamaka katta itaimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo.

Chochititsa chidwi cha nthumwi zamtunduwu ndi mchira wawo wamtali wowala, utoto utoto ndi mikwaso yakuda ndi yoyera, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala 25, imathera pakuda. Kutalika kwa mchirawo kumatha kupitirira kukula kwa thupi lodula, mpaka 65 masentimita ndi thupi mpaka 45, pomwe kulemera kwa zokongoletsera izi kumatha kufika mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu ndi kulemera kwathunthu kwa nyamayo mpaka 3, 5. Mukasunthira pansi, mamembala onse a gululo amakweza mchira wawo kutalika, kotero mkazi wa alpha amatha kuwona komwe kuli.

Mitsempha yokhala ndi mphete imayendanso mosavuta pansi ndikudumphira pamitengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta kubera.

Chinanso mwa nyama izi ndi zaka yayitali kwambiri yobereka - zimatha kubala ana pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti anthu azichulukana.

Mbewa mbewa mandimu

Banja la mandimu ocheperako limaphatikizapo mitundu 5 ya mitundu ndi mitundu 30, mwa yomwe imvi yaimvi imatchuka kwambiri, chifukwa pakadali pano imakonda kugulidwa ngati chiweto.

Mafuta okongola awa omwe ali ndi maso akulu kwambiri amawoneka moyenera ngati ochepa kwambiri, kulemera kwake sikuposa 65 magalamu. Amakhala kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa chilumbachi.

Mwa njira yake yachilengedwe, nkhono imvi ndi mbere. Masana, amagona pakhomo la mtengo, nthawi zina amakhala ndi abale amtundu womwewo, nthawi zina amakhala yekha, ndipo usiku amapita kukasodza. Nyamayi sikuti imatsikira pansi, koma imayenda mokongola kudutsa mitengo. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, imatha kudumpha mtunda wautali mamita atatu.

Chakudya cha crumb uyu ndi timadzi tokongola tathu, maluwa enieniwo, utoto wazomera, mphutsi zazomera komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, nyamayo ndiyowonekera bwino.

Podzafika chaka chochepa mbewa lemur imayamba kukhwima. Pakatha miyezi iwiri atakhwima, mkaziyo amabereka ana awiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale ana atatu, omwe amakhala mpaka milungu iwiri ndipo amabowera panja pang'onopang'ono. Makanda amabadwa ochepa kwambiri, kulemera kwake sikokwanira kuposa magalamu asanu, koma m'chovala. Mu chilengedwe, nyama izi zimaswana pafupifupi zaka 6, ngakhale mandimu apakhomo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 20.

Mwachilengedwe, nyama izi zimakhala ndi adani ambiri (njoka, mbalame, mafosili), motero chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira chimakwera kwambiri.

Kunyumba, mbewa zaimvi zimamera mizu mosavuta, koma eni mtsogolo amafunika kulingalira zausiku wa nyama. Masana, adzagona m'khola mwake, ndipo usiku adzakhala ndi ntchito.

Madagascar Hilt

Manja nkono ku Madagascar ndiye woimira banja lamanja, chifukwa, kwakhala nthawi yayitali pakakhala kusamvana pankhani yokhudzana ndi lemurs kapena makoswe. Komabe, ofufuzawo adaganiza kuti pamapangidwe ake nyamayi ndi mandimu.

Nyama imalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu atatu, kukula kwa mchira wofiyira mpaka 60 cm, yokulirapo kuposa thupi - mpaka 43. Nyamayo imakhala ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi makutu akulu, pafupi ndi dazi, mphuno yakutali ndi maso otchera khutu. Thupi limakutidwa ndi wakuda kapena pang'ono pang'ono la tsitsi.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya mkono wa Madagascar ndi zala zazitali kwambiri pamiyendo yake, mothandizidwa ndi lomwe limamatirira mitengo ndikudzipezera chakudya. Chala chapakati chokhala ndi mpango wakufa ndichofunika kwambiri, pomwe nyamayo, ngati nkhuni, imagunda mtengo, ndikupeza mphutsi. Mothandizidwa ndi chida chomwechi, mkono wina waung'ono umabaya coconuts ndikutulutsa mankhwala omwe mumakonda - mkaka wa kokonati. Koma poyenda pansi, zala zimasokoneza, motero zimadalira nkhonya ndipo zimatsikira pansi osowa kwambiri. Mano a dzanja laling'ono, ozolowera kutchera makungwa, amakula moyo wake wonse.

Nyama imangokhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa usiku. Masana amagona m'misasa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nkono ukumanga nyumba zingapo ndikubisalira momwemonso, kuti adani akewo asazindikire kuti athawirako.

Lemur, yotchedwa "ah-ah" ndi anthu akumaloko, idatchedwa dzina lapakati chifukwa chofuula kawirikawiri, komwe pazifukwa zina amaopa kumva.

Dzanja laling'ono la Madagascar limaberekera pang'onopang'ono: zazikazi zimabereka kamodzi pazaka 2-3, nthawi zambiri zimabereka mwana, chifukwa chake nyamayi idawopsezedwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, manja atengedwa kupita kunyumba ngati ziweto. Abusa ayenera kulingalira mikhalidwe ya nyama izi ndikukonzekera kuti usiku azidzuka kulira kwawo kowopsa.

Banja la aLoriev

Pali kutsutsanabe pa mgwirizano wa maLorievs ku lemurs. Mbali imodzi, nyamayi, yofanana kwambiri ndi mandur ya Madagascar, ili ndi moyo wofanananso ndi mawonekedwe oswana, monga oyimira ena. Kumbali inayo, malo okhalamo si Madagogo konse, koma nkhalango za Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Peninsula ya Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Central Africa ndi South Asia. Lori alibe mchira, womwe umasiyanitsa ndi mandimu ena onse.

Komabe, ambiri amaganiza kuti a Lori ndi mandimu. Zaka zaposachedwa, nthawi zambiri zimawetedwa ngati chiweto, kukhudzidwa ndi chithumwa. Mafuta amadzimadzi amakwaniritsidwa kunyumba mwachangu, koma oweta amayeneranso kuganizira zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhalapo munyengo yachilengedwe.

Lori ndi wa dongosolo la anyani, chigawo chonyowa. Pali mabanja asanu a nyama izi, mwa omwe otchuka kwambiri ndi wandiweyani komanso woonda. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikudutsa 40 cm, ndipo kulemera - 2 kg. Ali ndi utoto wofiirira wakuda wokhala ndi chingwe chakuda kumbuyo ndi pafupi pang'ono wakuda kuzungulira maso owala.

Izi ndi nyama zosakwiya, zomwe zimatsogola mosakhalitsa. Ali ndi maso akuluakulu omwe amawona bwino mumdima. Masana, nyamazo zimabisala zachifumu mokhazikika mumakoko omangidwa. Wosinthidwa bwino ndi moyo pamitengo: mosamala amasuntha kuchoka ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, akumamatirira mwamphamvu kumapazi awo. Koma Lori, monga abale awo ambiri, sadziwa kulumpha.

Nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi nthawi imodzi, koma kulumikizana ndi abale ndikofunikira kwa iwo, kotero mandimu anyumba, kukhala yekhayo, akhoza kukhala achisoni kwambiri. Amasankha wokwatirana naye kwa nthawi yayitali. Amakhala okhwima pokhapokha patatha chaka ndi theka, kenako amapeza mnzake. Mimba imatenga nthawi yayitali chinyama chokwanira kukula - pafupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, itatha imodzi, nthawi zambiri mwana amabadwa. Amabadwa atawonedwa, mtundu wa chovalacho umakhala wowoneka bwino, pafupifupi siliva, wamthunzi kuposa akuluakulu, koma pofika zaka ziwiri amapeza kale mtundu. Mpaka chaka, ndipo nthawi zina zazitali, ana amakhala pafupi ndi amayi. Ngati akufuna kunena china chake, ndiye kuti amalengeza kachimvekere, kokumbukira mbalame. Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali polera ana.

Mwachilengedwe, nyama zazing'onozi zimakhala ndi zaka 17, ndipo kunyumba zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali.

Mitundu yokhala pangozi ya lemur

Asayansi akuyerekeza kuti pali mitundu 100 ya mandimu okhala pachilumba cha Madagascar, osiyana mitundu iliyonse, mtundu, moyo, komanso zakudya. Koma si aliyense amene akumva bwino. Mitundu ina yatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa cha kupha anthu komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Ingoganizirani nyama zomwe moyo wawo uli pachiwopsezo.

Indri wokhala ndi nkhope yoyera (diadem sifaka). Malo okhala ndi ochepa kwambiri m'nkhalango zakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi, zomwe zimawononga anthu.

Mongoose lemur. Imodzi mwa mitundu yocheperako yomwe imakhala kunja kwa chilumbacho, koma kuchepa kwa malo omwe akukhala kungawopseze kukhalapo.

Matimu a mbewa a brown. Potengera moyo wamalimwe, nthumwi yaying'ono kwambiri yomwe imafanana ndi mbewa, yomwe idatchedwa dzina.

Ai-ai (nkono wa ku Madagascar). Woimira wamkulu. Yogwira ntchito usiku mpaka kutuluka kwa dzuwa. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, lakhala likuvutika kwambiri ndi ozembetsa milandu.

Brown lemur. Amakhala ku Madagascar kokha. Zabwino kwambiri kwa nyama zina.

Hapalemurs. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtunduwu ndikutha kusambira. Mosiyana ndi abale awo ena, omwe amakonda kuthera nthawi yawo yambiri m'nthambi za mitengo kapena pansi, nyama zamtunduwu zimamva bwino m'madzi.

Mwana wamutu wagolide Sowu. Amakhala m'mabanja okhala ndi maubale olimbirana bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhala ozunzidwa ndi zakale, motero kuchuluka kwawo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Lemur wamaso wamtchire. Yakhala ndi dzina chifukwa cha mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda yakumbuyo. Amakongoletsa arthropods, zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'ono. Imatha kukhala ndi luso lapadera lokha kudumphira pamtunda wawutali.

Silky S buya. Chimakhala chovuta kwambiri ndi ozizira omwe amasaka izi chifukwa chovala chapadera. Maonekedwe okongola amapangitsa kuti ikhale mtengo wamsika wakuda wogulitsa nyama.

Lemur wakuda wokhala ndi buluu. Amatchedwa choncho chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a maso a nyama. Amuna okha ndi akuda, akazi okhaokha ndi ofiira. Nyama zimavutika chifukwa cha kudula mitengo. Amakhala okwiyira oyimirira ena, amatha kupha otsutsa.

Examct lemur mabanja

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwazamoyo zambiri, ma lemurs ali kale ndi zotayika: mabanja atatu lero amawonedwa kuti amwalira. Posachedwa, asayansi atulukira zodabwitsa: m'phanga lomwe mwadzaza madzi, munapezeka malo osungirako nyama, pomwe manda onse a nyama zazikulu adapezeka. Momwe adamalilira pamalopo pano akuwonekerabe, koma kupezeka kwa ma lemurs ku Madagascar kuchokera ku Pleistocene mpaka lero sikulephera.

Banja la megaladapes. Titha kulankhula za mawonekedwe a nyamazo kokha zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza, popeza zinatha kalekale, zaka pafupifupi 10,000 zapitazo. Ngakhale pali maumboni onena za kupezeka kwa megaladapes koyambirira kwa chaka cha 1504, ndiye kuti, nthawi yakuwonekera kwa azungu ku Madagascar, palibe umboni weniweni wa izi.

M'mapangidwe ake, cholengedwa, chofanana ndi chamakono chamakono, chinali chamtundu, cham'mbuyo champhamvu ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri yakutsogolo. Kulumikizana kwa phazi komanso zala zopangidwa mwaluso zikuwonetsa kuti megaladapes sanasinthidwe kukhala moyo wapadziko lapansi, koma analiponso pamitengo. Mwa izi, adatenga dzina lawo lachiwiri - koala lemurs.

Kapangidwe ka maso kanali kachilendo: kumbali, osati kutsogolo, monga abale amakono. Nsagwada zamphamvu komanso kapangidwe ka mano zimangowonetsa kuti mandimuwa ankangodya zakudya zam'mera zokha. Izi zinali nyama zazikulu kwambiri, mpaka 75 kg.

Banja la Paleopropitec. Kafukufuku wokhudza moyo wa nyama izi akutsimikizira kuti oimira banja adayimilidwa pachilumbachi ndi ma genera anayi (mesopropithecus, paleopropithecus, archaeoindri, babakotiya). Amakhulupirira kuti nyama zinasiya kukhalako mu zaka 2000 zapitazo. Koma pali nthano kuti oimira banja lino adawonedwa pambuyo pake, ngakhale m'zaka za zana la 16 la nthawi yathu.

Zomwe zimapezeka pachikopa zimapezeka m'malo otetezeka pachilumbachi, nthawi zambiri m'mapanga, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti paleopropithecus ankakhala moyo wokhazikika pamtunda, amakonda malo onyowa.

Kukonzanso kwa mafupa a nyama kukuwonetsa kuti kulemera kwa archaeoindri kumatha kufika 200 kg. Chozizwitsa chachikulu chotere chinali chachidziwikire padziko lapansi. Koma oimira ena enawo anali ochepa kwambiri, 10-25 kg, ndipo amatha kukhalapo pamitengo.

Banja la archeolemurs. Kafukufuku wazaka zam'mbuyomu akuwonetsa kuti mamembala am'banja lino adakhala ku Madagas mpaka cha m'ma 1200. Chomwe chimayambitsa kuphedwa ndi chitukuko cha chilumbacho ndikuwasaka.

Kukonzanso kwa chigoba kunawonetsa kuti anali nyama zazikulu: unyinji wawo unafikira 25 kg. Iwo anali ndi miyendo yayifupi yokhudzana ndi thupi, mphamvu zakuzindikira sizinapangidwe pang'ono poyerekeza ndi nyama zina zogwirizana, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tinene kuti akatswiri akale anali padziko lapansi. Kapangidwe ka nsagwayo kukuwonetsa kuti amayenera kupera chakudya mosamala, zomwe mwina zinali mbewu, maluwa, masamba, zipatso, arthropod komanso, mwina, nyama zazing'ono.

Mafupa omwe adapeza amatsimikizira mtunduwu kuti pafupifupi chisumbu chonsecho chinali malo omwe kuli archaeolemurs.

Ngati mandimu ali pamalo anu

Posachedwa, mandimu nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kupita kunyumba ngati ziweto. Anthu amakopeka ndi nyama yaying'ono yokongola yokhala ndi maso owoneka bwino komanso tsitsi lofewa. Nthawi zambiri ndi mbewa ya mandimu kapena lemur lory. Kunyumba, nyama izi zimazika mizu bwinobwino, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti malo omangidwa ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe.

Ma lemurchik ambiri amakhala moyo wachisangalalo - umagona mwachilengedwe, dzuwa litalowa nkuchoka kwawo kuti adye, kusewera ndikudziyakonza, akhale okonzekera kuti lemur lory ikabisala kunyumba kwake tsiku lonse nyumba, ndipo mwina simungathe kusewera ndi chiweto chokongola, koma usiku mwana amapanga phokoso.

Kusunga nyama ndikofunikira m khola lalitali (lakhazikika), m'makhola, omwe ayenera kukhala ndi:

chophatikizidwa kumtunda kwake ndi nyumba yogona pomwe nyama imatha kubisala masana, ndi mitundu yonse ya nthambi, zida zokwera: ngati sichoncho nyamayo siyitha kuyenda mokwanira (lemur lori imakonda kukangamira nthambi panthaka, kulumpha kwa lemurs), yokhala ndi mbale yomwera ndi madzi oyera, filler yapadera yamakoswe.

Ngati muli ndi ziweto zokulirapo, ndiye kuti oyendetsa ndegeyo azikhala a kukula koyenera.

Pofuna kukonzanso, mutha kusankha njira yowonera ndege ndi nthambi kapena malo owoneka bwino. Ndikwabwino kuyitanitsa khola lotseguka kuti nyama ikhale ndi mpweya wabwino. Koma kumbukirani kuti lemur lory kunyumba akuvutika kwambiri ndi zojambulajambula, amatha kudwala, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mawayiletsi ake pakona yopanda mphepo, kutali ndi gawo logawanika.

Ambiri omwe ali ndi ziweto za furry amadera nkhawa momwe angapangire zakudya zoyenera. Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa zomwe nyamayi imadya m'chilengedwe. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapereka kusiyana kwa zakudya, komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zam'mera ndi nyama. Mwachilengedwe, nyama zimadya zipatso, maluwa, timadzi tokoma, mungu ndi zomera zam'mera, zimakondwera kumeza mphutsi, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndikudya mazira a mbalame. Ziweto ziyenera kulandira chakudya chofunikira kuti chikhale chathanzi komanso chathanzi. Ma lemurs ambiri ayenera kudya zakudya zotsatirazi:

zipatso zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zomwe amadya zachilengedwe, masamba (ophika komanso ophika pang'ono), chimanga champhesa, zakudya zamkaka, timadzimadzi tokhathamira, mutha kuwonjezera uchi, mazira a nkhuku yophika kapena mazira amphaka a mbalame (zinziri), tizilombo ndi mphutsi ( mutha kuwasungitsa mufiriji, ndikuwachotsa musanagwiritse ntchito, koma ndibwino kuwapatsa amoyo.

Chovala chofinya cha lemur chimafunikanso chisamaliro. Mwachilengedwe, nyama zimaziphatikiza ndi chala chachikulu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyama zocheperazi zimakonda kuthera nthawi yayitali kuti zizioneka. Lemur Lori kunyumba amakonzanso tsitsi lake mosamalitsa usiku uliwonse kapena usiku, kusisita ndi mawaya ake, koma makamaka ziwetozo zimakonda pamene zimasenda, zimasintha mmimba ndi msana, posonyeza kuwoneka bwino. Eni akewo amapangira burashi yaying'ono yazing'ono zawo ndi mabulangete ofewa ndipo nthawi zina amapukutira zinyalala zawo za fluffy machitidwe osangalatsa. Koma mandimu amtali sayenera kukomoka: ndi ochepa kwambiri mwakuti aliyense, ngakhale chisa chaching'ono kwambiri, chimatha kuwononga khungu lawo.

Mwachilengedwe, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa mandimu womwe umakonda kusambira komanso umatha kudziwa kusambira. Nyama zina zonse sizibweranso madzi. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kusamba mandimu: malo osambira, makamaka okhala ndi shampoos, amatha kusokoneza microflora yachilengedwe ndikuwatsogolera kumatenda.

Ma lemurs ali ndi mano olimba kwambiri. Nyama yakunja iyi komanso yosavulaza imatha kuluma kwambiri ngati itenga chala chanu kuti idye, chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyika manja pa iyo. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi zambiri amadya zakudya zawo zachilengedwe poyamba, kenako zimabweretsa pakamwa pawo. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi manja anu. Musanayang'ane mozungulira, chiweto chanu chokongola ndi maso abwino chimakoma inu, makamaka ngati chimanunkhira chakudya kapena china chake, m'malingaliro ake, chokoma. Osamakalipira lemur - izi ndi zanzeru, koma samalani. Khola ndi lemur kunyumba zimakonda kuluma anthu, koma sizoyenera kuputa nyama. Malovu awo amakhala ndi poizoni winawake, womwe amadzola mafuta m'chilengedwe, kudziteteza ku tizilombo komanso majeremusi. Kwa anthu, ndiotetezeka, pakhala pali kuluma komwe kunapangitsa kuti thupi lawo lisagwire, kutentha ndi kuyabwa.

Nyamazo zimakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri, ndipo ngati mungayang'anire kuti nthawi yakuchita kwawo igwera usiku, ndiye kuti ayamba kukulitsa nyumba yanu mukangogona. Zala khumi ndi ziwiri ziziwathandiza kutsegula chitseko cha aviary, choncho onetsetsani kuti khola silitseka pakatikati kapena pa mbewa, koma yodalirika kwambiri, apo ayi nyamazo zimapachika mawaya, kapena kuzilawa, ndipo izi zitha kuchititsa kuti nyamayo iphedwe.

Ngakhale kuti mandimu ambiri amasankha kwambiri ndipo amakonda kukhala payekha, ndibwino kuwasunga awiriawiri. Chifukwa chake, mafuta onunkhira a mandimu okhala kunyumba amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri osungulumwa komanso amatha kufa. Sikoyenera kuti banjali lizabala ana (samakonda kubereka mu ukapolo), koma kulumikizana ndi abale ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa nyama.

Mukayamba mandimu kunyumba, kumbukirani kuti nyamayo iyenera kukhala yomasuka, osakhala chidole chanu chamoyo.

Nthano za lemurs

Ku Madagascar, mandimu amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yopatulika, chifukwa pali nthano kuti kale anali anthu omwe adapita kuthengo ndipo, atasinthira moyo wina, wokhala ndi ubweya wambiri, adaphunzira kukhalapo pamitengo ndikudya zipatso. Anthu okhala pachilumbachi amalemekeza nyama izi: akakumana nawo, amawalandira ndi ulemu. Ngati mandimu agwera mumsampha wakusaka, adzamasulidwa, ndipo chinyama chovulazidwacho chidzachotsedwa, ndikachichitira, kenako ndikumasulidwa.

Pali nthano yokhudza mawonekedwe a nyamazi ku Madagascar, yomwe imati ma lemurs ankakhala ku Africa, koma sanamve kutetezedwa kumeneko, chifukwa chake iwo adapanga chipata ndikuyenda pachilumbachi. Ndizosavuta kuganiza kuti nyamazo zimatha kupanga sitima ina ndikuwoloka madzi kupita kumalo ena, koma nthano imangofotokozera mawonekedwe ake.

Ku Madagasco, ali ndi chidwi ndi dzanja la Madagascar, amayesanso kutchulanso dzina lake.Pali zikhulupiriro zabodza zoti munthu amene apha nyama imeneyi amafadi chaka chimodzi. Amakhulupirira kuti nyama ikafuula pafupi ndi nyumbayo, zoipa zidzachitika. Okhala m'deralo amaopa kugona m'nkhalangomo, chifukwa akadzadzuka, ayenera kupeza pilo wa udzu woyikiridwa ndi mkono. Ngati pilo pansi pamutu panu - dikirani chuma, pansi pa mapazi anu - themberero lowopsa.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za mandimu

Ma lemurs alibe tsitsi m'manja, ndipo miyendo yambiri yambiri imakhala ngati manja amunthu. Khungu lomwe limakhala m'manja mwa nyama ndilabwino kwambiri, motero amayang'ana zinthu zopanda pake osati ndi maso okha, komanso ndi manja awo.

Akazi ena samanyamula ana awo pamsana, mwachizolowezi, koma pakamwa pawo, chifukwa chake, kuti adye, choyamba amayika ana awo kenako ndikudya. Ngati izi sizingatheke, mkaziyo amakhalabe ndi njala.

Nthawi zouma, mandimu amphaka amapeza chinyezi kuchokera ku cacti, posenda minga mosamala.

Ma lemurs onse ali ndi liwu lobaya, nthawi zina lowopsa, chifukwa limafanana ndi munthu, kapena mwana, amafuula. Koma mawu kwambiri amadziwika kuti ndi indri. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama sizimakhala ndi mchira, zomwe kwa ambiri ndichizindikiro chofuna kudziwa komwe kuli malowo, kotero kulira kumakhala chizindikiro. Lemur wokhala ndi mawu oboola kwambiri amatha kudziwitsa achibale za ngozi kapena komwe akukhala pafupifupi mtunda wa kilomita imodzi.

Mchira wa lemurs umakhala ngati mtundu wa pantry kwa iwo. Ndipamene amasunga mafuta ndi michere nthawi yanjala kapena hibernation.

Lemurs ndi nyama zokongola zopanda vuto. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wambiri wachitika womwe utiwunikira zomwe zachitika m'miyoyo yawo, kwachinsinsi kwambiri kwa ife. Tsoka ilo, zochita za anthu zikuwonongera chilengedwe chawo, chifukwa chake, ndi udindo wathu mwachangu kusamalira nyama zapaderazi.

Kufalitsa

Indri, monga mandimu onse, amakhala ku Madagascar, ndipo madera awo ali kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi. Malowa ndi nkhalango zamvula, momwe zimapezekanso mpaka 1800m pamwamba pa nyanja, komabe, zimakonda madera otsika.

Khalidwe

Indri amakhala pamitengo ndikutsika pansi pokhapokha. Zimayenda limodzi ndi nthambi makamaka mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndikudumphira kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi kapena kukwera mmwamba ndi pansi. Padziko lapansi, kusunthidwa kwa indri, monga mamembala onse am'banjali, kudumpha miyendo yawo yammbuyo ndikukweza mawondo awo akutsogolo. Mwa mandimu onse, amakhala otakataka kwambiri masana, ndipo amasuntha usiku kokha nyengo yoyipa kapena akagwidwa ndi mdani. Mutha kuwonera momwe amapezekera pamtengo pa foloko munthambi ndikusangalala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.

Indri amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu awiri kapena asanu, omwe, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi banja lokhalokha komanso ana ake. Yaikazi imakhala yotchuka ndipo imakonda kupeza chakudya. Pambuyo pa imfa ya wokondedwa, monga lamulo, amadzipeza watsopano. Awiriwa ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana omasulira 17 mpaka 40, omwe amachimawo ali ndi chinsinsi kuchokera ku tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana.

Mtundu wa indri umayimba kwambiri m'mawa, pomwe amati ufulu wawo ndi gawo. Kuyimba kumeneku, komwe nthawi zambiri kumamveka pakati pa 7 ndi 11 m'ma, kumachitidwa ndi onse awiri ndipo kumamveka patali kwa 2 km.

Indri ndi mwamunayo

Mawu oti "indri" mchilankhulo cha komweko amatanthauza "ndi awa." Ndizotheka, kusamvana pakati pa ofufuza ndi atsogoleri a Malagasy, chilankhulo chomwe nyama iyi imatchedwa, "babakoto". Kukhulupirika muukwati wa Indri, kuyimba kwake ndikuwotcha dzuwa dzuwa kunayambitsa zikhulupiriro zambiri zogwirizana naye. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi a Malagasy, nyama izi zimalemekeza dzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mizimu ya akufa, malinga ndi a Malagasy, amakhalabe ndi moyo ku indri. Zikhulupiriro zamtunduwu, mpaka posachedwapa, zinateteza amisili kuti asasake.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha indri lero ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo okhala. Samalola kuti azisungidwa ndi anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana oswana asakhale otheka. M'malo otetezedwa, adatha kutsimikizira kupulumuka kwawo pang'onopang'ono, koma, IUCN imawunikira momwe awonongera "ali pachiwopsezo" (pangozi) [ tchulani ] .