Moni, okonda kuwerenga china chake. Lero sitilingalira za nyama zodabwitsa. Nkhani yanga idzakhala yokhudza kuseka kwodziwika bwino kwamafuta onse - ma hyenas. Kutentha. Bwerani!
Mtundu uwu wa suborder Feline unakhazikika mu savannah ya ku Africa. Zosuta za osuta ziziwonetsa madera awo ngati agalu. Ma Hyenas sakonda kusintha geolocation. Amatha kukakamizidwa kuchoka m'derali pokhapokha ngati palibe mwana. Ziphuphu ndi nyama zausiku, choncho masana amagona, ndipo usiku amapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Kodi zolengedwa zamwazizi ndi kuseka kwamisala zikuyang'ana yani? Inde, aliyense: wamoyo, wakufa kwa iwo, ambiri, sasamala. Monga mimbulu yathu imvi, ma hyenas ndiwadongosolo. Mimba siyipewanso zovunda ndipo mokondweretsa zimatenga zovunda. Komanso, chifukwa cha nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa zinyama, chilombo sichimasiya ngakhale mafupa kuchokera ku mtembo.
Osapeputsa anzathu amalo. Ma hyenas ndi amodzi mwa omwe amadana kwambiri ndi savannah. Kuchita zinthu mogwirizana komanso kupirira kosaganizira zomwe zimalola kuti nyama ikwaniritse cholinga chake mu 90% ya milandu. Ngati tingayerekeze, wolondolera wamfumu ya nyama (mkango) amatha kumangosewera mu ma hunge 5 mwa 10. Ma Hyenas amapititsanso mbewu zazikuluzikulu monga njati kapena gira.
Pussies wokhazikika amakhala m'magulu a anthu 20-80. Matriarchy amalamulira mu phukusi la adani. Utsogoleriwo umamangidwa molingana ndi mfundo izi:
Akazi achikulire ndi masaya ozizira kwambiri m'derali. Amapatsidwa mwayi wopambana kwambiri: kupuma m'malo abwino kwambiri, oyamba kulawa nkhomaliro. Amabweretsanso ana ena. Akazi otsika otsika amakhala atsikana wamba, osasimbika. Amadyanso amayi akuluakulu komanso kugona pomwe pakufunika. Ndipo amphongo ... Mgulu lankhondo la abambo, abambo samasangalatsa aliyense. Amaluka penapake pansi pa makwerero olamulira.
Chifukwa chake tidabwera chokoma kwambiri. Tiyeni tikambirane za kubereka. Pofuna kutenga pakati pa achichepere, abambo achikazi amakonzekera chaka, kusankha oyenera kwambiri gulu la otayika achimuna. “Misonkhano” yoyambirira imachitika kamodzi pakadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Koma, chosangalatsa ndichakuti donayo, monganso mu achibale achi Thai, ndi chinyengo. Kupatula apo, ziwalo zachikazi sizosiyana ndi maliseche achimuna. Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu amakhulupirira kuti ma fisi owoneka ndi ma hermaphrodites ndipo amabereka mothandizidwa ndi mtundu wina kapena wamatsenga wamba. Chilichonse chinakhala chosangalatsa kwambiri!
Ziphuphu za mawanga ndi zazikulu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala 15 cm! Labuyo imapanga khola lachiberekero, lofanana ndi scrotum. Koma, komabe, mutha kusiyanitsa mnyamata ndi mtsikana. Mbawala yaikazi ilibe khosi, ndipo nsonga yake ndi yosalongosoka. Mwa amuna, mbolo imakhala ndi khosi lopendekera komanso malekezero owongoka (sindikudziwa momwe nkhaniyi imakuthandizirani pamoyo wanu, koma izi zikupezeka m'mutu mwanu. Musayamike!) ..
Popeza nyini ya mkaziyo palibe, samangokwatirana, komanso kubereka kudzera mwa clitoris. Tsopano sizosadabwitsa kuti azimayiwo adagwira mphamvu ndikukonzekera mabizinesi abwino. Mkazi yekha wamphamvu komanso wodziimira payekha sangapulumuke kuzunzidwa kotere! Kugonana koyipa ndi kubereka mwana ndizopweteka kwambiri (lingalirani ngati mukumasula ana ndi maliseche amuna)! Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo chotere, mphaka woyamba amabadwa nthawi zonse wakufa. Ndi thupi lake, amakonzera njira abale ndi alongo enawo. Koma ngakhale ana obadwa pambuyo pake amatha kufa ndi kuperewera. Sizachilendo kuti mayi weniweniyo amwalira nthawi yobereka.
Mwana woyamba kubadwa masiku 100 ndi 10 atabereka. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amatha kubereka ana atatu. Kwa miyezi 4 ya bere, kholo losamala limatha kukhazikitsa nyumba yabwino pabowo. Ma Hyenas amabadwa nthawi yomweyo maso awo amatseguka ndipo akulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu ziwiri. Mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi theka, mayiyo amadyetsa ana ake mkaka. Ana nthawi yomweyo amatenga malo omwewo muulamuliro monga makolo awo. Ana akangokula, zazikazi zimakhalira limodzi ndi mayi, ndipo amphongo amapita pansi kwambiri pa makwerero olondolera.
Ndikufuna kuwonjezera mfundo zina. Choyamba, akazi ndiwo amayi osamala kwambiri azidyamakanda zonse. Mankhwala onse amapita kwa makanda choyamba, ndipo akuluakuluwo akazidya. Kachiwiri, ngakhale kuti hyena ndi wadyera, amasangalala ndi vwende kapena mavwende osangalatsa. Ndipo chachitatu, ma hyenas amatha kuphunzitsidwa. Ngati mukulitsa pussy wopenga uyu, mumapeza kukhulupirika kwanyama kofanana ndi galu.
Nayi nkhani yanga ndipo inatha. Khalani osamala. Kupatula apo, atsikana omwe ali ndi chinsinsi samapezeka osati zanyama zokha.
Buku la Zinyama linali ndi inu.
Mangiranani, zolembetsa - chithandizo cha wolemba.
Gawani malingaliro anu mu ndemanga, timawerenga nthawi zonse.
Kodi mafisi amakhala kuti?
Nyama zaku Africa zimaphatikizapo nyama zomwe zimabweretsa mantha kwa alendo ambiri omwe amabwera. Malo otseguka ndi malo abwino kukhazikitsa paketi ya ziphuphu.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nyama izi zimasankha malo omwe alibe nyengo yotentha, komanso momwe agalu amalembera gawo lomwe amamanga nyumba yawo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthumwi iyi ya banja la feline imayika nthumwi kuchokera pagululo lomwe amalondera pomwe amakhala usiku kuti ateteze banja.
Mwakulakwitsa, mafupawa amadziwika kuti ndi a banja la canine. M'malo mwake, ndi ya banja la amphaka.
Fisi ndi gawo la nyama yamadzulo. Masana, mbalame zimagona, kuchokera pakusaka usiku kapena kusinthana. Ngakhale sakonda kusintha gawo lawo kwambiri, nthawi zina amachita izi kuti apeze malo omwe ali ndi chakudya chochuluka.
Makhalidwe
Pali malingaliro olakwika akuti nyama iyi ndi nyama yowopsa. Malingaliro awa adakhazikitsidwa poti amapha osalakwa, komanso amadyetsa zowola. M'malo mwake, m'chilengedwe muli zolengedwa zowopsa kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha luso laumunthu kuti musinthe komanso kuphunzitsa, ngakhale ma fisi apakhomo amapezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhala mnzake wapamtima kunyumba. Ngati chiweto chapita kumisonkhano ndikuyamba kukhulupirira munthu, ndiye kuti modzipereka sichingagonjere galu wamba.
Chirengedwe chinapatsa nyama zodya ziwombazo mwaluso kwambiri modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kupanga mawu achilendo. Ndi kuseka kwamphesa, fisi imauza banja lake za kupezeka kwa chakudya chochuluka. Koma nyama ngati mikango zinaphunzira kuzindikira zikhumbozi. Nthawi zambiri, mikango imatenga chakudya kuchokera ku ma fisi. Gulu la ziweto zolusa silitha kumenyana ndi mdani wamkuluyu komanso kuthawa. Ndipo alibe chilichonse chosankha koma kudya zotsalazo kapena kufunafuna malo atsopano chakudya chamadzulo.
Kuphatikiza apo, malekezero a paws amtundu wa nyama amapatsidwa ndi tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi fungo lenileni la chobisalira chomwe amapanga, "asakawo" adaphunzira kuzindikira omwe ali pakhuku lawo. Izi zimawathandiza kuzindikira ndi kuwawopsa mlendo.
Fisi si nyama yoipa. M'malo mwake, amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakudya zovalazo - amagwira ntchito yamaudindo. Nthawi yomweyo, kusaka nyama zina - onetsetsani kufanana kwa nyama.
05.08.2013
Spotted hyena (lat. Crocuta crocuta) - nyama yolusa yochokera ku banja la a Hyena (Hyaenidae). Nyama zotere zimapezeka m'misasa ya kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. M'mbuyomu, adafalikira mpaka ku Cape of Good Hope, koma chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi ulimi kumwera kwa kontinentiyo, adawathamangitsira kumpoto.
Pakadali pano, nyemba zimangosungidwa ku South Africa kokha, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo ndikuyerekeza anthu 47,000. Malingaliro a anthu aku Africa ali ndi ziwiri. Ena amawawona kuti ndi anzeru, olimba mtima komanso amphamvu, pomwe ena, kumbali yake, ndiopusa, amantha komanso amisala.
Ku East Africa, ma fisi owoneka bwino amalemekezedwa kwambiri ngati zolengedwa zauzimu zomwe zimabweretsa kutentha padziko lapansi.
Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamiyambo yambiri yomwe otenga nawo mbali amavala zikopa ndi masks a hyenas.
Amakhulupilira pakati pa anthu aku South Africa kuti amatsenga oyipa amakwera nyama izi, zomwe zimayenera kugwidwa ndikuphedwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi magawo ochepa a chitukuko amangodyetsa mafungo a akufa awo.
Maganizo oyipa kwambiri pamtunduwu ali pakati pa mitundu yaku Africa yoweta ng'ombe, chifukwa ma fisi samangogwirira ziweto zokha, komanso anthu ogona. Mitundu yosaka imawachitira zabwino kwambiri ndipo amayesa kutsanzira.
Kugawa
Spotted hyena ndi nzika yakukhala ku Africa. Kufalikira kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Pezani pafupifupi malo onse, kupatula zipululu, nkhalango zotentha ndi mapiri a mapiri a Alpine. Koma kachulukidwe kogawikirako si kofanana. Izi ndizowona makamaka ku West Africa. Ambiri mwa nyama zimenezi amakhala ku Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Namibia.
Anawaza Fisi mu Steppe
Malo achilengedwe ndi chipululu chopanda, savannah, nkhalango yowala, yopanda nkhalango zowuma ndi mapiri otalika mpaka 4 km pamwamba pamadzi. M'nkhalango zowirira mulibe nyama. Nyamayi imaposa kuchuluka kwa zilombo zina zazikulu zaku Africa. Mtunduwu ndiwowonjezereka kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ina ya hyenas. Kuchulukana kwa nyamazi kumakhala kosinthika ndipo kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.006 mpaka anthu 1.7 pa 1 sq. Km. km
Khalidwe
Ziphuphu zokhala ndi malo okhala zimatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kupewa zipululu komanso nkhalango zamvula zamvula yotentha. Zimapezeka mchigwa chotsika komanso m'mapiri pamalo okwera mpaka 4000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi ma savannah a udzu, pomwe pali zitsamba zambiri za ziboda.
Zidyera zoterezi zimatha kuzolowera moyo uliwonse. Nthawi zambiri amayendera malo okhala anthu ndipo amayendayenda m'misewu pofunafuna zovunda ndi zotayira.
Kuteteza malo awo ndi kusaka palimodzi, nyama ndizogwirizana m'magulu a anthu 60-80.
Malo osaka a mabanja amatha kukhala mita 10 mpaka 40. km kutengera malo omwe alipo. Eni ake amakhala ndi chinsinsi cha malowa ndi chinsinsi cha tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono ndikukumba nthaka ndi miyendo yawo, kutisiya tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Zazikazi zimalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 6 kuposa amuna, motero zimakhala ndi mphamvu zonse mumthumba. Mu mabanja okwatirana, wamwamuna ndi wotsika kuposa wamkazi pachilichonse ndipo ngakhale amamupatsa chidutswa chomaliza cha nyama. Mu gulu, chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi ndi chimodzimodzi, koma "zowopsa zazimayi" ndizochepera.
Mamembala a pakiyi amadziwana ndi mawu ndi fungo. Fisi iliyonse imakhala ndi mawu akeawo. Pakusaka kapena kumenya nkhondo, amafanana ndi kuseka kwamisala, komwe kumawopseza anthu okhala mu savannah.
Ziphuphu zowaza zimasaka limodzi makoswe, mbidzi, zimbudzi, agwape, njati, ngakhale mikango ndi njovu zodwala. Nthawi zambiri, mamembala onse am'nyumbayo amatsata ndulu zazikazi kuti amuchotsere mwana, koma chakudya chake chaphindu. Sanyalanyaza ngakhale mitembo ya abale awo.
Fisi ndi nyama yokhayo yomwe imatha kudya mafupa okha. Nsagwada zake zamphamvu ziluma mosavuta mafupa akulu kwambiri ndi amphamvu. Masana, ndikokwanira kuti azitha kudya 1.5-1.8 kg ya chakudya, koma ngati zingatheke, amadya nyama mpaka makilogalamu 18 panthawi ya ola limodzi. Wosusuka amadya wovutikayo lonse, motero, pakapita nthawi, amapaka ubweya wosafunikira ndi ziboda zake.
Chifukwa cha nsagwada zake zamphamvu zosaneneka, fisi imatha kupha nyama katatu konse kuposa iyo.
Nyama zodya nyama zomwe zimakonda kusaka nyama zimasaka nthawi zambiri usiku. Kukonda kwambiri kumawalola, ngakhale atakhala maola ochepa, kudziwa kuti ndi nyama yanji yomwe idasiyidwa ndi dontho la mkodzo.
Popita kusaka, amatha kuthamangitsa wogwirawo kwa mphindi 15, ndikupanga liwiro lakufika pa 45-55 km / h. Nthawi zambiri, kuthamangitsa kumakhala mtunda wa 1 km, ndipo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu omwe amasaka. Pofunafuna nyama zimafunafuna akazi olimba mtima komanso amphamvu. Amampeza ndi omwe akumugwira ndipo amakumba m'mimba mwake.
Wogwirawo akagwera pansi, pomwe ena onse otsala amagwera pamalowo ndikuwang'amba. Chakudya chamagazi chimaphatikizidwa ndi kuseketsa komanso kuseka kowopsa, kumveka komwe kumabwera mikango ndi nyalugwe. Amphaka amphaka amathamangitsa ziphuphu, koma abambo okwanira amatha kuwapatsa ulemu ndikutchingira nyama zawo zovomerezeka.
Spotted Hyena Kufotokozera
Oimira awa a fauna amadziwika chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo choyipa. "Pakati pa anthu" amadziwika kuti ndi anthu ankhanza, amantha omwe amadya zovalazo. Kaya uyu ndi Woyendayenda wopanda nzeru ku Africa amayenera zoopsa zambiri. Spala yomwe ndi yowala ndi imodzi mwazomwezi. Nthawi zambiri amaukira m'matumba mumdima. Chifukwa chake tsoka tsoka la mlendo amene sanayake moto ndipo sanakonzeka usiku wonse.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anzeru amtundu wa hyena ali pamlingo wa anyani ena. Kukhazikika kwawo kwamaganizidwe ndi gawo limodzi kuposa anzanga ena, chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka khola lamkati la ubongo.
Amakhulupilira kuti makolo akale a hyena omwe amawoneka oyera kuyambira kale munthawi ya Pliocene, zaka 5.332 miliyoni-1.806 miliyoni zapitazo. Amayi omwe adawona malo a hyenas, omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chotsogola, kuchuluka kwakuchuluka kochokera kwa omenyera kwawo adawakakamiza "kuphunzira" kugwira ntchito pagulu. Adayamba kutenga madera akulu. Izi zimachitikanso chifukwa chakuti nyama zosamukasamuka nthawi zambiri zimakhala chakudya chawo. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha hyena sikunali kopanda mphamvu ya mikango - adani awo achindunji. Zochita zawonetsa kuti ndizosavuta kupulumuka pomanga ma prides - madera. Izi zidathandizira kusaka ndikuteteza madera awo moyenera. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwawo kunawonjezeka.
Fisi pagulu
Kutalika kwa mawonekedwe amtunduwu kumayambira 90 mpaka 170 cm. Kutengera jenda, kakulidwe ndi msinkhu, kutalika kwake ndi 85-90 cm. Thupi la hyena limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi lalifupi ndi undercoat. Tsitsi lalitali limangophimba khosi, ndikupanga kumverera kwa mane. Mtundu wotuwa wonyezimira wokhala ndi chizindikiro chakuda. Chovala chodziwika cha hyena chimakutidwa ndi malo amdima. Mwa anthu ena kumbuyo kwa mutu kumakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira pang'ono. Thupi la hyena limakhala ndi thupi lokhala ndi mapewa okwera komanso chiuno chochepa. Thupi lawo lalikulu lozungulira limayimitsidwa pamiyendo yotsika imvi, yokhala ndi zala zinayi pachilichonse. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo. Makutu ozungulira ozungulira amakhala m'mutu. Nkhope ya nkhope yamalo owoneka bwino ndi yayifupi komanso yotalika khosi lalitali, kunja kwake kumawoneka ngati galu.
Kugonana kwamisala kumatchulidwa pakuwoneka komanso chikhalidwe cha ma fisi owoneka. Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna chifukwa cha testosterone owonjezera. Akazi amakhala ndi zochulukirapo kuposa zazimuna. Nthawi zambiri, ma fisi aakazi owoneka ndi akazi amalemera makilogalamu 10 kuposa amuna ndipo amakhala ndi thupi lolimba. Komanso amakhala ankhanza kwambiri.
Spatated Hyena Fight
Tiyeneranso kulankhula za mawu ake. Spena yodziwika bwino imatha kupanga phokoso losiyanasiyana mpaka 10-12, mosiyanitsidwa monga zizindikiro kwa abale. Kuseka, kofanana ndi kukuwa kwanthawi yayitali, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana pakati pa anthu. Nyama zimatha kupatsana moni pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ikuluikulu. Mutha kumvanso "maguti" kuchokera kwa iwo, akulira ndi kulira. Mwachitsanzo, chingwe chotsika chokhala ndi kamlomo kotsekera chimayimira nkhanza. Fisi amatha kupanga mawu ngati mkango ukubwera. Zomwe zimachitika pazizindikiro zomwezo kuchokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala zosiyana. Kulira kwa amuna, anthu okhala m'gulu la nkhosalo 'amagonjera' modzidzimutsa, nthawi yomweyo kumamveka mawu achikazi.
Kuswana
Wofala masamba ophwa chaka chonse. Pamaso pa mkazi wokonzekera kubereka, anyani amakonzekera nkhondo zoopsa. Opambana amayandikira kwa iye mosamala ndi michira yawo yomangidwa ndipo mutu wawo umatsitsidwa. Mwa awa, wamkazi amasankha mnzake m'modzi wokhala nawo maudindo apamwamba m'gululi.
Mimba imatenga masiku 110. Kubereka kumachitika dzenje la mayiyo.Nthawi zambiri mumabowo momwemo mumatha kukhala akazi angapo ndi ana awo, koma nthawi yomweyo, makanda amangochita ndi amayi awo. Amangosiya kabowo kokha pakumuyitana.
Mkazi m'modzi amabweretsa kuchokera pa ana kupita kwa ana agalu atatu. Amabadwa ndi ana am'maso, owonera ubweya wakuda kapena wakuda.
Ana agalu amalemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg ndipo amatha kuyenda. M'mphindi zoyambirira atabadwa, amayamba kulimbana pakati pawo ndipo nthawi zina amapha ngakhale ofooka.
Kumenyeraku kumawathandiza kudziwa mayendedwe awo, zomwe zimatanthawuza mwayi wopezeka mkaka wamawere.
Pazaka 6, tsitsi lawo limayamba kuphimbidwa ndi mawanga oyamba. Kufikira miyezi 12-16, ana agalu amalandila mkaka, koma pang'onopang'ono azolowere zakudya zomwe mayi amabweretsa kudzenje.
Yachikazi imateteza ana ake mwachangu, choyambirira kwa abambo omwe angayidye. Mtundu wa achikulire mu ana agalu umawonekera pafupi miyezi 4, koma matsi pansi pake amakhalabe akuda. Achichepere amachotsedwa pakudya mkaka pokhapokha akakula kukula. Amuna amakhala okhwima pazaka 2, ndipo wamkazi amakhala wazaka zitatu. Udindo wamagulu nthawi zambiri amatengera cholowa.
Kodi ziphuphu zimawona ndi kusaka chiyani?
Chakudya chachikulu cha ziphuphu ndi mawere. M'mbuyomu, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti ziphuphu zimangodya zokhazokha ndipo nyama zambiri zomwe zimadyedwa zimatengedwa kuchokera kwa zilombo zina. Koma pakupita maphunziro ambiri, zidadziwika kuti pafupifupi 90% yazakudya za fisi zimasakidwa palokha. Ma hyenas samasamala kwambiri pankhani ya chakudya ndipo nyama iliyonse yomwe ingalowemo itha kudyedwa, kaya ndi chimbira kapena njovu yovunda kale. Koma nthawi zambiri, zomwe amadya sizothandiza. Popeza ma hyenas amakhala m'matumba, nthawi zambiri amasaka limodzi. Ngakhale ma hyenas nawonso amatha kugwira kachilomboka kapena mbawala.
Mkazi wa alpha amatsogolera gulu lake kukasaka. Atapeza nyama yabwino, gulu la abweya amayendetsa ndipo amayesera kugwa pansi. Amayamba kudya nyama yakugwa nthawi yomweyo. Ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, fisi amatha kubaya ngakhale tibia wamphongo, mosavuta ngati galu akamatafuna miyendo ya nkhuku. Nsagwada za hyena zamabala ndi 70 kg / cm².
Payokha, fisi imathanso kupha mbozi chokulirapo katatu kuposa iyo, ndipo paketi ya mafinya imatha kuthana ndi njati kapena njovu ya ana. Nyamayi imadziwika kuti ndiyo nkhwangwa yothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa m'mimba mwa fisi mumatha kugaya chakudya ndi kugaya pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chodyedwa, ngakhale nyanga ndi ziboda. Adani olumbira kwambiri a hyenas ndi mikango. Amabera nyama zawo. Mkango wamphamvu umathamangitsa gulu lonse la ziphuphu.
Anala Spena ndi Vultures
Adani achilengedwe
Zipatso zokhala ndi ubweya wambiri zikubera ndi mikango. Uyu ndiye mdani wawo wapadera komanso wosalekeza. Mwa anthu onse amene anamwalira ndi ziphuphu, 50% amafa ndi mkango. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zimakhala zoteteza malire awo, kulekanitsa chakudya ndi madzi. Chifukwa chake m'chilengedwe chakhala chikhalidwe. Mera zowola zimapha mikango, ndipo mikango imapha ziphuphu. Nyengo yamvula, chilala kapena njala, mikango ndi ziphuphu zimakhala zosemphana wina ndi mzake pakadutsa gawo limodzi.
Kulimbana pakati pa mafisi ndi mikango kumakhala kovuta. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti ma fisi amaukira ana a mkango opanda chitetezo kapena okalamba, omwe amawagwirira.
Pomenyera chakudya komanso primacy, chigonjetso chimapita pagulu la nyama zomwe ziwerengero zake zimakula. Zomera zowala, monga nyama ina iliyonse, zimathanso kufalikira kwa anthu.
Ubwenzi ndi ochita mpikisano
Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, sianthu omwe amayesa kugwira nyama ya mikango, koma mikango imakonda kulanda nyama. Ngati pali mkango wamphamvu, koma pali ma fisi ambiri, amatha kuyesa kuthamangitsa, koma mikango ingapo kapena mkango wamphongo umodzi ungathamangitse mtundu wonse wa fuko ku nyama. Mikango nthawi zambiri imapha ziphuphu ndi ana awo. Komabe, mikango yakale imakonda kufa m'mano a ziphuphu.
Leopards amadya gawo la nyama yomwe yagwidwa, ndipo inayo, kuti ateteze kwa achifwamba, imakokedwa pam mitengo. Nthawi zambiri, nyama yolusa imapachika pang'ono kuposa momwe fisi imafikira. Pafupi ndi Luangwa, komwe kuli mafisi ambiri, anyalugwe amakonda kupha nyama yaying'ono kuti awakokere kumtengo ndikudya pomwepo. Ana a Leopard ayeneranso kusamala ndi ma fisi.
Agalu okhala ngati a Hyena amasaka malo amodzi momwe amawona mafisi ndikusaka nyama yomweyo, koma amasaka pang'ono mwadongosolo. Komabe, ziphuphu zimagwera kwambiri muzakudya zawo ndipo sizinatenge kachilombo ka matenda a chiwewe. Ziwonetserozi ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimapha wina ndi mnzake ndi ana ampikisano. Zinyama zina zomwe zimadyera nyama nthawi zambiri zimabera zomwe zimadyera, zikaphatikizidwa menyu, ndikugulitsa ana awo, ndipo nthawi zina zimadziyang'anira zokha. Fisi amatha kuchotsedwa kwa nkhandwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati nazale.
Mtundu wa Hyena
Ngati mbendera za malo owoneka pafupi ndi zovalazo zikumana ndi zofiirira, kulimbana pakati pa mitundu yonse yomwe ziphuphu zazikulu ndi zowoneka bwino zipambana. M'magawo oterowo, amatsogozedwa ndi zoyeserera pamodzi komanso kusowa kwina. Koma, atatenga nyama, iliyonse mwa "zopambana" zimayesetsa kudya nyama yambiri komanso mwachangu, mpaka ena onse ali patsogolo pawo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Ku South Africa, Sierra Leone, Round, Nigeria, Mauritania, Mali, Cameroon, Burundi, ziwerengero zawo zatsala pang'ono kutha. M'mayiko ena, kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepa chifukwa chosaka komanso kupha nsomba.
Zomera zowala zidalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Ku Botswana, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kuli m'manja mwa boma. Zimbudzi zawo ndizotalikirana ndi malo okhala anthu; m'chigawocho, azungu owoneka ngati masewera. Chiwopsezo chochepa cha kutha kwa Malawia, Namibia, Kenya ndi Zimbabwe.
Sponas Sponas osamba
Ziphuphu zakunyumba, momwe mungasungire mafuta kunyumba?
Ngati munthu waganiza zopeza nyama yachilendo ngati imeneyi kunyumba, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira chitetezo. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge nyama yotere mu nyumba, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi nyumba ya dziko. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kupanga aviary ndi ndodo zamphamvu zachitsulo. Mukamaona malo oti awone ndege, malo okhala ndi ziphuphu ayenera kukumbukiridwa. Amakonda kuzizira, koma osati kuzizira.
Ndikofunika kusankha mwana, osati wamkulu. Popeza, ana amakono amatha kuphunzitsidwa ndipo alibe nthawi yoti azolowere malo okhala kutchire. Monga tanena kale, ma fisi amatha kulumikizana ndi munthu, koma pokhapokha akayamba kudalirana. Kuti mdani azindikire mnzake mwa munthu, simufunikira kumangomuwongolera pafupipafupi. Komabe ichi ndi nyama yakuthengo ndipo akufunika ufulu.
Walaula Hyena
Mphaka amalangizidwa kuti ayamwe chakudya. Nyama iyenera kuperekedwa kawirikawiri komanso m'malo ochepa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mutadya nyama, nyama, ngakhale itakula pakhomo, mwanzeru imakhala yaukali. Nthawi zambiri, chiweto chiziphatikiza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'zakudya. Adzadzaza thupi ndi mavitamini ndi mchere, ndikupangitsa chovalacho kukhala chowonda kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kusamalira chiweto mwachikondi ndi chikondi, kenako adzabwezera.
Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Ma Hyenas amakhala ku Africa konse, Middle East ndi India. Ngakhale ma hyenas amadziwika kuti ndi a scavenger, amodzi mwa olusa anzeru kwambiri komanso angwiro ndi amtundu wawo.
Ma Hyenas adatulukira ku mawonekedwe awo amakono kumapeto kwa Miocene (9 ± 3 miliyoni zapitazo). Azibambo awo anali a banja la a Viverra, ndipo oyimira woyamba a mitundu ya hyena ankawoneka ngati Viverra, kapena civet. Pa nthawi ya chitukuko, anali ndi mano olimba otha kukukutira fupa. Ndipo masiku ano, mano oterewa ndi chizindikiro cha amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe ilipo. Ku Pleistocene, komwe kunayamba pafupifupi zaka 2 miliyoni zapitazo, panali nyama yomwe inkadziwika kuti hyena. Unali wowirikiza kawiri kukula kwa mafuta okhala amoyo.
Spotted hyena ndiye wamkulu komanso wodziwika bwino ku Africa. Malo ake amakhala osiyanasiyana - zipululu, zitsamba, nkhalango ku Africa konse kumwera kwa Sahara, kupatula kum'mwera kwenikweni ndi Congo Basin. Mitundu ina iwiri ya hyenas imakhala m'dera limodzi. Ubweya wowoneka bwino ndi wautali ndi wokhazikika komanso wolimba, khaki kapena bulawuni wowoneka bwino komanso wopanda mawonekedwe. Malangizo a paws ndi mchira ndi muzzle ndi a bulauni kapena ngakhale akuda, ndipo pakhosi ndi mapewa ake amakhala owuma pang'ono.
Brown hyena amakhala mdera laling'ono kwambiri, koma akuwoneka kuti amatha kupulumuka pafupifupi malo alionse. Imapezeka m'chipululu, m'malo okhala ndi udzu ndi zitsamba, m'nkhalango komanso m'mphepete mwa South Africa. Ubweya wake wakuda wakuda ndi wautali komanso wamakhalidwe opakika kuposa ubweya womwe umawoneka. Imakhala yolimba mapewa ndi kumbuyo. Chifukwa chake, mafutawa amawoneka okulirapo kuposa momwe aliri.
Mitambo yopyapyala - yaying'ono kwambiri mwa mitundu itatuyo - imakhala kumpoto kwa abale ake. Amakonda malo otseguka kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Africa, Middle East, Arabia, India komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union. Sichikhala kutali ndi K) km kuchokera pamadzi. Amakhala ndi imvi kapena ubweya wonyezimira wakuda, bakha ndi shaggy, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yofiirira, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kuli kolimba mpaka 20 cm.
Ziphuphu zonse zimakhala ndi mapewa pamwamba pa kumbuyo kwa thupi, ndipo msana suikukhala lofanana ndi nthaka, koma mbali yayikulu. Amakhala ndi kugundana kwamphamvu chifukwa ndi ma pacers. M'makutu owoneka, makutu amakhala owongoka, ndipo otuwa komanso amizere - owongoka.
Ngakhale ma hyenas amatha kupezeka masana, amakhala olimbikira nthawi yamadzulo komanso mumdima, ndipo masana amakonda kupuma mdzenje kapena pafupi nawo. Nyumba ya hyena imakhala ndi chokulitsa ngalande za nyama zina, kapena kupeza malo obisika pakati pa miyala kapena m'nkhalango. Ma Hyenas amakonda kwambiri gawo lawo, mosamala amateteza danga lozungulira khomalo, ndikuganiziranso malo awo akuluakulu osaka. Kukula kwa tsamba lino kumasiyana kwambiri, zimatengera kuchuluka kwake komanso chakudya. Ziphuphu zimayang'ana malire a dera lowonongedwa ndi chinsisi kuchokera ku ma gland otulutsa ndi gland onunkhira pakati pa zala, komanso mkodzo ndi ndowe. Tizilombo tamadontho tambiri tomwe timapangidwira kwambiri ndimtundu wa bulauni. Amazindikira mitundu iwiri ya pasitala yoyera - yoyera ndi yakuda, yomwe imayimira udzu.
Mitundu yofalikira mwina ndi yocheza kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yonse. Amakhala m'magulu akulu, kapena magulu, momwe mumatha kukhala anthu 80. Nthawi zambiri, mabanja amakhala ndi nyama 15. Mbawala zazikazi zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zazimuna ndipo zimakhala ndi udindo waukulu, zomwe sizimapezeka kawirikawiri pakati pa olusa.
Nawu mndandanda wocheperako wochokera kwa Peter Hugo (wobadwa mu 1976 ndipo anakulira ku Cape Town, South Africa). Ndi wojambula waku South Africa yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula, ndipo ntchito yake imagwirizana ndi miyambo yazikhalidwe za anthu aku Africa. Hugo mwiniwake amadzitcha yekha wojambula ndale wokhala ndi kalata yaying'ono p. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za wojambulazi ndi mndandanda wa "Ma Hyenas ndi Anthu Ena". Pazithunzi za bambo wokhala ndi fisi, Hugo adalandira mphotho m'gulu la "Portraits" ku 2005 World Press Photo Contest.
Mallam Mantari Lamal okhala ndi Mainasara. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)
Abdullah Muhammad ndi Mainasar Hyena ku Oger Remo, Nigeria. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)
Mallam Mantari Lamal okhala ndi Mainasara. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)
Mammy Ahmad ndi Mallam Mantari Lamal okhala ndi Mainasara hyena. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)
Mallam Galadima Ahmad ndi Jamis ku Abuja, Nigeria. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)
Mallam Mantari Lamal okhala ndi Mainasara. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Pieter Hugo)
Mwambo wamoni wa amuna ndi akazi onse ndi wazaka zonse ndiovuta kwambiri - nyama iliyonse imakweza mbali yake yakumbuyo kuti inayo imve fungo la ziwalo zake. Amalumikizananso ndi kukuwa ndi mawu ena, omwe ochepa okha amatenga khutu la munthu. Ma Hyenas ali ndi mawu okweza, osiyana, amatha kumveka kwa makilomita angapo. Nthawi zina fuko lodziwika limatchedwa kuseka chifukwa cha kufuula kwake komwe kumawoneka ngati kuseka. Mabulosi akuda amakhala ndi moyo wopatula. Amakhala m'mabanja a anthu amodzi ndi anayi, ndipo amasaka okha. Chizindikiro cha kupatsana moni, ziphuphu zofiirira zimavutikiranso, mutu ndi thupi, kwinaku ndikulimbana ndi mane, koma zimapanga mawu osiyananso.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mpaka posachedwa, anthu amakhulupirira kuti ma nyemba onse amapangika mbuna ndipo amadyera zotsalira za mitembo yanyama yophedwa ndi ena omwe amadyera anzawo. Komabe, zidadziwika kuti mawonekedwe amtunduwu, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akuthwa, kununkhira bwino komanso njira yocheza nawo, ndi amodzi mwa ochenjera kwambiri komanso oopsa.
Mphesa zowala zimatha kusaka zokha, koma nthawi zambiri zimathamangitsa pagulu. Ziphuphu zimathamanga mpaka 65 km / h ndipo chifukwa chake zimatha kupezeka ndi nyama monga zebra ndi zonyansa. Amugwira wendo ndi miyendo kapena mmbali ndi kumugwira mpaka afe. Kenako, gulu lonse limasunthira pansi ndikukalikhadzula. Fisi amathanso kudya makilogalamu 15 a nyama munyumba imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, amathamangitsa anthambi atangokhala ndi ana, chifukwa makanda ndi osavuta kugwirira ntchito.
Nsagwada ya hyena yamabala ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa adani onse. Ndi iwo, amatha kuwopsya ngakhale mkango ndi kambuku ndi kuluma mosavuta mafupa akulu kwambiri a buffalo. Tizilombo ta m'mimba timakhala kuti timabaya mafupa. Matumbo awo amakhala oyera chifukwa cha calcium yomwe mafupa amadya.
Chakudya cha malo owoneka bwino chimadalira malo ake ndi nyengo yake. Zakudya za hyena zimaphatikizapo ma buluzi, mikango, nyalugwe, njovu, njati ndi mitundu yonse ya anyani omwe amakhala m'malo awo, komanso tizilombo, zokwawa komanso udzu. Amadya zovunda zilizonse zomwe zimachitika panjira yawo, ndipo nthawi zina amakumba zinyalala pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe anthu amakhala. Nthawi zonse pamakhala anthu ambiri amene amafunsira munthu amene waphedwa, nyamazo zimang'amba chamoyocho ndikuthawa nazo kuti wina asang'ambe nyama mano.
Amadyapo zovunda, kumayang'ana mothandizidwa ndi fungo lamphamvu. Amasaka okha ndi awiriawiri. Nthawi zambiri, anyani ang'ono, komanso ana a nkhosa ndi ana, amatenga nawo gawo. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizanso tizilombo, mazira, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ngati hyena apeza tunga lalikulu, ikhoza kuluma chidutswa chachikulu ndikibisala m'malo obisika kuti mudzadye nthawi ina.
Mbera zofiirira zimadyanso nsomba zakufa komanso nyama zakufa zam'madzi.
Nthawi yomwe ma hyenas amawonongera pakusaka ndi kufunafuna chakudya zimatengera kupezeka kwa chakudya. Ma brown hyenas amatha maola 10 kapena kuposa pamenepo patsiku kufunafuna chakudya.
Mitundu ya Hyenas nthawi iliyonse pachaka, komabe, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ana amabadwa pakati pa Ogasiti ndi Januwale. Wodzala ndi ziphuphu wamafuko ndi a mabanja awo, komanso zankhondo zofiirira, woyenda wamwamuna amakwatirana ndi mkazi wokhala pagulu lomwe adakumana naye panjira. Mimba mu bulauni yofiirira imatenga masiku 110. Zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ana agalu awiri. Kubala mwana kumachitika mdzenje - dzenje lalikulu pamalo otseguka ndi udzu (mbali ina ya malo oterowo ikuwoneka pachithunzichi). Zazikazi zingapo zimasonkhana mu bowo limodzi ndikupanga ana. Mosiyana ndi pafupifupi onse omwe amadana ndi ana, ana agalu akuda amabadwa ndi maso otseguka. Kuphatikiza apo, ali kale ndi mano. Ngati ndi kotheka, ana agalu amatha kuthamanga akangobadwa.
Ana agalu onse amayikidwa m'manda moyang'aniridwa ndi akazi amodzi kapena awiri. Amayandikira padziko lapansi kuti mayi athe kuwadyetsa mkaka, koma pazifukwa zotetezeka sasiya dzenje mpaka atatsala pang'ono miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Pazaka izi, amapita ndi amayi awo kukasaka kapena kukafunafuna chakudya. Fisi sabweza nyama yawo mdzenje kuti nyama zodya nyama sizitha kupeza pobisalira chifukwa cha fungo lamphamvu la zovalazo. Mizu imawonekera miyezi 4. Chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ana agalu 'aletsedwa kuyamwa'.
Mukusamba komanso maonekedwe akhungu, nthawi yayitali ndi yochepa - masiku 90. Zinyalala za bulauni za bulauni zimakhala ndi ana agalu awiri, ometa - asanu.M'mitundu yonseyi, ana agalu amabadwa ali khungu ndipo osatetezeka, maso awo amatseguka pakatha milungu iwiri. M'magulu abanja a bulauni ma brown, osati amayi okha, koma akazi onse amatha kudyetsa mwana mkaka. Ana agalu atakwanitsa miyezi itatu, anthu onse am'banjamo azinyamula chakudya m'dzenje.
Pakutha kwa chaka choyamba, mayiyo amaleka kudyetsa ana agalu mkaka, koma kwa miyezi ingapo amakhalabe m'banjamo.
Mu theka loyamba la XX century. ziphuphu zimawonedwa ngati tizilombo toopsa kwa anthu okhala m'mizere, ndikuwonongeka. Mtunduwu pafupifupi unawonongedwa kumwera kwa South Africa. Chifukwa cha kusaka pamodzi komanso kugawa chakudya pagulu, azungu omwe adawoneka bwino adalimbana ndi chiwawa cha anthu kuposa mitundu ina iwiriyo, ndikupulumuka ambiri.
Ziphuphu zofiirira komanso zamizere m'madera ambiri zatsala pang'ono kutha. Mwamunayo anawapha, chifukwa awononga banja lake. Cholinga china chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu kukukula kwatsopano kwa mayiko ndi mpikisano ndi mitundu yosinthika - ma fisi owoneka.
Umu ndi momwe Aristotle adanenera za chirombo ichi: "Iwo anali amisala komanso amantha, ovutitsa matupi awo ndikuseka ngati ziwanda. Amadziwanso zosintha kugonana, osakhala amuna kapena akazi." Alfred Brem nawonso sanapeze mawu okoma kwa iwo:
"Ndi nyama zochepa zomwe zili ndi nkhani yosangalatsa ngati ya fisi ... Kodi mumamva momwe mawu awo amafanana ndi kuseka kwa satana? Chifukwa chake dziwani kuti mdierekezi amaseka mwa iwo. Abwerera kale kale! ”
A Elian, wolemba buku la The Colourful Stories komanso On the Nature of Animal, analemba kuti: "M'mwezi wathunthu, fisi imabweza kuwala, kuti mthunzi wake ugwere pa agalu. Popeza adagwa ndi mthunzi, samatha kuyankhula, koma mafiyawo amawanyamula ndi kuwawononga. ”
Pliny anali "wokoma mtima" pang'ono kwa iwo; adaona ngati nyamayo ndi yothandiza, m'lingaliro loti ambiri atatha kupanga mankhwala (Pliny adawabweretsera tsamba lonse).
Ngakhale Ernest Hemingway, yemwe amadziwa bwino zikhalidwe za nyama zosiyanasiyana, amadziwa za ziphuphu zokha kuti ndi "hermaphrodites akuipitsa akufa".
Palibe chodabwitsa kuti nyama yodabwitsayo siinachite chidwi ndi ofufuzawo. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chosasinthika ndipo chidasinthidwa kuchokera ku buku kupita ku buku, kukhala zonena kuti palibe amene adatsimikizira.
Ndipo mu 1984 kokha ku Yunivesite ya Berkeley (iyi ndi ku California) adatsegula malo ophunzirira ziphuphu. Asayansi omwe amagwira ntchito kumeneko aphunzira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za nyama zachilendozi.
Banja la hyena limaphatikizapo mitundu inayi: maanga, bulauni, mafambo amtundu ndi nkhandwe zadothi. Zotsirizirazi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi abale ake: ndizocheperako kuposa ma fisi ena onse, ndipo zimadyetsa makamaka tizilombo, nthawi zina zimasewera anapiye kapena makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Earthwolf ndi osowa kwambiri, adalembedwa mu International Red Book.
Tsopano ma hyenas amayesedwa moyenerera ngati dongosolo la malo otseguka a ku Africa. Kudya mitembo ya nyama zakufa, nyama izi zimaletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa m'chipululu ndi zipululu. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti popanda zolengedwa zonyozeka zakalezi, ma savannah akanatha kukhala dothi lopanda ana.
Nanga bwanji nyama zoseketsazi ndizodabwitsa? Poyamba, thupi la nyemba limatha kukana tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo ndi mliri wa anthrax ku Luangwa mu 1897, pomwe mvuu zopitilira 400 zidamwalira ndi matendawa. Ndipo mitembo yawo, yomwe idapangitsa kuti matendawa afalikire, idadyanso ma hyen. Ndipo sikuti zimangodzivulaza zokha: magulu oseketsa nawonso adakwanitsa kukulitsa kuchuluka kwawo pakudya popanda grub yaulere.
Kuphatikiza apo, mafinya amakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimatha kukuta mafupa, komanso nyanga, ndi ziboda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mulibe mafupa amanyama m'matanthwe aku Africa.
Gawo lotsatira la ziphuphu ndi kuti poyamba mukaona, komanso kuchokera kwachiwiri, komanso kachitatu, ndizosatheka kudziwa komwe ali komanso komwe ali. Cholinga chake ndi chakuti pomwe amuna amakhala ndi “gawo” lamphongo, zazimayi zimakhala ndi chinthu chofanana ndi icho, mukamayang'anitsitsa zimasandulika kukhala hypertrophic clitoris. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mafupa akhala akuti ndi hermaphrodites.
Cholinga cha "mphamvu zachikazi" zochititsa chidwi chotere ndi testosterone, momwe m'magazi azimayi apakati mumatuluka magawo khumi, pomwe mwa zolengedwa zina zimayamwitsa kuchuluka kwa "mdani" wake - estrogen - kumawonjezeka nthawi imeneyo. Testosterone ndiyomwe imayambitsa kukhazikitsa machitidwe a amuna, asayansi akuwafotokozera ndi chikhalidwe chamwano cha akazi. Mwa njira, chachikazi chimakhala pamutu pake. Nyama zina, mtsogoleriyo akhoza kukhala wamwamuna kapena wamkazi. Mu ma hyenas, ndi mayi yekha yemwe angakhale chinthu chachikulu. Kugonana koyenera kwa ma hyenas nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, kwamphamvu komanso mwankhalwe kuposa abambo, omwe amakhala ndi moyo wosaoneka bwino.
Koma, ngakhale zonsezi, mafinya ndi amayi osamala kwambiri. Kuthamangitsa amuna kuti asagwire nyama, iwo anali oyamba kuvomereza ana ake kwa icho. Mwa njira, fisi amadyetsa mkaka wa ana ake kwa miyezi pafupifupi 20. Komabe, ndiyenera kunena kuti amayi amakonda kwambiri ana awo. Fisi akapita kukasaka, ana awo amakhalabe oyang'aniridwa ndi "alonda" omwe angawateteze, koma sadzawadyetsa, ndiye tsoka lalikulu lingachitike kwa amayi awo ...
Achichepere mu hyenas amakhalanso achilendo. Poyamba, akatswiriwa sanavomerezane kuti aziwatcha chiyani: tiana kapena ana agalu, chifukwa sanasankhe kuti ndi banja liti la hyena lomwe lili pafupi. Koma mosasamala momwe amatchulidwira, ana amabadwa amawona, ali ndi mano opanga bwino komanso amakwiya kwambiri. Kwa iwo, kusankha kwachilengedwe kumayambira pomwepo pakubadwa. Kitundu iliyonse (kapena ana agalu) safuna kukhala woyamba pakati pa abale ake, koma yekhayo. Chomwe chimapangitsa zonsezi ndi testosterone yemweyo, yomwe imadumphira mu zinyenyeswazi zokongola izi. Pakapita kanthawi, msambo wake umatsika, ndipo ana opulumuka amakhalanso ndi moyo zochulukirapo kapena pang'ono.
Ziphuphu ndi othamanga abwino. Pakusaka, amatha kufikira liwiro la 65 km / h ndikuusunga makilomita asanu. Poona nyamazi, akatswiri akana nthano ina yokhudza kuseka anthu ku Africa. Ndikusaka, osati kusaka nyama zakufa, ndiyo njira yopezera chakudya. Amadyera kwambiri nyumbu, amadya pafupifupi 10% ya chiwerengero chawo chaka chilichonse, potero amathandiza kuwongolera.
Ndipo kaloti ochokera ku savannah amadya zowola nthawi yadzuwa. Kenako zitsamba zimapita kukafunafuna madzi ndi chakudya, zikusiyanso mitembo ya abale olimba. Koma ziribe kanthu momwe mafinya amapezera chakudya, akafika, nyama zimadya chilichonse, kuphatikiza mafupa, nyanga ndi ziboda, ngakhale udzu ungathe kuwotchera ukhondo. Mukakwanira chisangalalochi, mafinya amatha kugwira dzanja kapena kupukusira kwa mnzake wosaganizira, osazindikira ngakhale pang'ono.
Atatha kudya, nyamazo zimapumula kumapeto kwa masana, zimagona pansi pamthunzi ndikudziwaza ndi dothi. Mwambiri, amakonda kusamba kosiyanasiyana - ndi madzi, matope, ndi fumbi. Pali chida chimodzi cholumikizidwa ndi kukhudzika kwawo, zomwe sizikupanga kuti madongosolo aku Africa azioneka okongola pamaso pa munthu: ziphuphu zimakonda kukhazikika pazotsalira. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti njirayi itatha kununkhiza, kuyiyika pang'ono pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, monga asayansi azindikira, kununkhira kowonekera kwambiri, kumakhala kwaulemwini kwambiri. Koma mafisi sanakhalepo ndi chidwi ndi maluwa onunkhira pa ubweya wa anthu amtundu wawo ...
Nawa, magulu akuseka mlengalenga mu Africa.
magwero
http://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n-29371/
http://www.animalsglobe.ru/gieni/
http://superspeak.ru/index.php?showtopic=540
Nayi chikumbutso cha nyama zosangalatsa: Chakudya chamadzulo, coati kapena mphuno chabendipo apa Pangolin wokhala ndi zida. Chabwino, okongola Red Wolf (Cuon alpinus)
Mitundu ya Hyenas
Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yotsatirayi ya ziphuphu ilipo:
- owala, milozo, bulauni, Earthwolf, African.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti wamkulu kwambiri pa banja la amphaka awa ndi Achiafrika. Adzakhala pamalo achitatu.
Kuphatikiza pa fisi wamba, nyama monga agalu achi hyena amakhala ku Africa. Pakati pa mitunduyi, mukakumana, nthawi zonse pamakhala kuphedwa kwa gawo. Chipambanochi chimaperekedwa kubanja momwe nyama zochulukirapo. Kuphatikiza pa agwisi agalu, pali adani ena ambiri kuthengo. Wowopsa ndiye mkango.
Wala spena
Fisi owoneka ngati galu wamkulu kuposa wina aliyense. Ali ndi mutu wamphamvu komanso wotambalala, maso ake sanakhale ozama. Makutu ndi ozungulira osati akulu. Ubweya ndi wamfupi kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonseyo. Chinyama cholusa ichi chomwe chimayamba kukalamba chimataya magawo 50% a malaya ake. Ili ndi mchira wa ukulu wopatsa chidwi. Chinanso chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi kupezeka kwa tsitsi lalitali kuchokera pakufota kupita kumchira. Mowoneka, tsitsili limapanga mane.
Woimira uyu ali ndi mano akuthwa komanso amphamvu. Pali malingaliro akuti nsagwada zamtunduwu ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri mwa zolengedwa zonse. Nyama imatha kuthamanga mpaka 65 km / h. Mukamamuyang'ana pa mbiri, mutha kuwona chiuno chaching'ono kumbuyo kwake.
Kunja, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna. Ngakhale zikumveka zachilendo bwanji, matupi awo ndi ofanana kwambiri. Kudziwa ndendende kugonana kungakhale mayi woyamwitsa. Amatha kuwona bwino nsonga zamanja zomwe zili pafupi ndi miyendo yakumbuyo.
Nyama yokhala ndi mawanga itha kukhala ndi mtundu wina. Imayamba kuchokera kumchenga wowala mpaka bulauni. Chochititsa chidwi ndi malo owoneka ozungulira thupi lonse. Mchira wa nyama yolusa imakhala yosalala komanso yokongoletsedwa m'mphete zakuda, nsonga yake ndi yakuda.
Mtunduwu umatulutsa mawu opitilira 11, pomwe ambiri akukhalitsa. Ngati mukumva kukuwa kwa hyena uyu kuchokera kutali, mutha kuyisokoneza ndikuseka kwambiri.
Spotted hyena ndiye woimira wamkulu wa banja lake. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 100 mpaka 166 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu ndi ma kilogalamu 75.
Koma kwa chilengedwe, mtunduwu umakhala pafupifupi zaka 20-25.
Milozo yamizere
Mitambo yopyapyala ndi njira yayikulu kwambiri yabanja, kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu 60. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa akazi. Mbali kumtunda imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali lolimba lomwe limapanga mane. Tsitsi linalo silimakula kwenikweni masentimita 7. M'thupi lonse mumakhala mikwingwirima. Chifukwa chake dzina la masanjidwe.
Matumbo awo ndi opindika kwambiri, ndipo akutsogolo amapitilira kumbuyo kwakumbuyo. Mukaona nyama yolusa ili kutali, mutha kuganiza kuti wavulala.
Thupi la nthumwi iyi siliri lalikulu. Khosi limakhala lalifupi koma lomata. Mutuwu ndi wamkulu ndi nsagwada zotsika kwambiri. Makutu amalozera kumtunda.
Kwenikweni, mitunduyi imangolira ndi kulira. Iwo samapanga mawu ena.
Spala yofalikira imadyedwa makamaka ndi zovunda. Ngakhale m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo wake amakonda kudya masamba.
Paukapolo, mtunduwu umakhala pafupifupi zaka 40.
Brown hyena
Kunja, ubweya wonenepa amakhala ngati galu wamba wamkati. Mtunduwu, thupi limakweza kufota komanso kunja, mutha kuwona kakang'ono. Mutu wake ndi waukulu ndipo wakhazikika pakhosi. Makutu awo ndi akulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anthu amtundu wina. Miyendo imakhala yokhota, koma yolimba. Mchira wake ndi waukulu komanso wamtambo.
Brown hyena ndi amodzi mwa anthu ochepa kwambiri m'banjamo. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 35, ngakhale kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70.
Palibe tsitsi lambiri pa thupi la munthu uyu. Ubweya wonse ndi wowuma kwambiri komanso utoto. Nthawi zina mumatha kukumana ndi woimira wina ndi imvi. Nsagwada ili ndi mano akuthwa omwe amatha kupwanya ngakhale mafupa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mdaniweyu amasintha imvi ndi ukalamba.
Amuna ndi akazi ali ofanana kwambiri. Kunja, ndizosatheka kupeza chizindikiro. Zokhazo ndizomwe zimamveka zopangidwa ndi malingaliro omwe ali mupaketi. Ngati wamkazi apanga phokoso, ndiye kuti banjali limasonkhana momuzungulira. Mwamuna akamalira, ndiye kuti izi sizimadziwika.
Wakhala zaka 20 zapitazo.
Nkhandwe yapadziko lapansi
Earthwolf ndi hyena yemwe amakhala ku Africa. Kunja kofanana ndi mitambo yopota, koma nkovuta kuwasokoneza. Chozungulira chapadziko lapansi chimalemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 14 ndipo thupi lopanda mchira ndi lalitali masentimita 55. Ndiwo mtundu wokhawo momwe palibe chiwerewere chomwe chimawonedwa. Kunja, ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna.
Kuphatikizira kwa mitundu iyi ya hyenas ndi ofanana ndi galu, koma ochepa kwambiri, wina akhoza kunena kuti atali. Matata amtundu wamtali komanso osachulukana. Chophimbacho ndichachikulu ndipo sicholimba. Mkati, madontho ofewa ndi opepuka. Pakakhala ngozi, mozungulira wa Earthwolf waima. Chifukwa chake, munthu amachenjeza gululo.
Zomwe zimapangidwira pamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana kuchokera kumchenga kupita kwa bulauni. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mikwingwirima yotchulidwa thupi lonse.
Chosangalatsa china cha Earthwolf ndi kukhalapo kwa zala 5 kumatsogolo.
Nsagwada yonse ili ndi mano akuthwa. Makamaka akulu ndi kutalika ndiwo ma fangs. A hyena amatha kubisala mdani nthawi zambiri zokulirapo kuposa iwowo.
African hyena
African hyena ndi mdani wamkulu. Kulemera kwake pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 70-80. Chimawoneka ngati galu wamkulu, koma ndimutu wocheperako. Kupukutira kwina kukutambasulidwa, makutu awiri ang'onoang'ono owongoka okhala pamwamba. Izi zimawoneka zovuta.
Mtundu nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikasu. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi mawanga amdima. Zowawa zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7. Kuchokera kufota mpaka kumchira, tsitsi la kuchuluka kwauma limakula. Kunja, tsitsili limapanga chingwe.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ya subspecies iyi ndi yayitali kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, chifukwa chake zitha kuwoneka kuti fisi akupunduka.
Mtunduwu umakonda kudya zovunda, koma nthawi zina umatha kulimbana ndi mbidzi ndi anthambo. Mkwiyo ndiwofulumira. Itha kuukiranso munthu.
Mtunduwu wanena kuti zikhalidwe zakugonana. Palibe kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa akazi ndi amuna.
Mdani wokhayo wa fisi waku Africa ndi mkango.
Ziphuphu za Hyena
Mwana woyamba kubadwa masiku 100 ndi 10 atabereka. Potere, ana agalu atatu amatha kubereka mwana nthawi. Woimira feline, kuti apitilize banja, amakonzekeretsa dzenje lina.
Ma Hyenas amabadwa nthawi yomweyo maso awo amatseguka ndipo akulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu ziwiri. Imadyetsa ana ake chaka ndi theka ndi mkaka wa m'mawere.
Mtundu waana ndi wa bulauni. Ndi zaka, mtundu umasinthika ndikuyamba kuda. Chochititsa chidwi m'moyo wa hyena ndikuti ana ali ndi makolo m'malo omwe amakhala. Cholowa chamtengo wapatali chotere. Zaka zoyambira zakale kwambiri zimakhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Zomwe chilombo chafika zakale zimatha kutsimikizika potengera mtundu. Mtundu wake umakhala wakuda kwambiri, womwe umakula kuposa nyama. Nthawi zambiri mtundu wa malaya umakhala wachikasu komanso wakuda wokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono ngati kambuku. Mutu wa hyena ndi wofiirira koma nkhope yake ndi yakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, mthunzi wa burgundy umawonedwa kumbali ya occipital.
Kusaka
Kuti agwire nyama, chilengedwe chimapatsa zibankera zazifupi komanso kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuthana ndi mtunda wawutali osayima.
Monga mlenje, nyamayo imaposa maluso a mkango. Amasaka usiku kupitilira makilomita oposa makumi asanu ndi awiri. Pakusaka, nyama yam'madzi imangotulutsira nyama yake pamtunda wautali. Nthawi yomweyo, kumuwopseza ndi kuseka kwamdierekezi, ndikusintha. Wodwalayo akatha kuthawa, amaluma miyendo yakeyo mwa kumugwetsa. Amadyanso nyama ali amoyo, osati monga asaki ena omwe amathawitsa.
Kumva, kununkhiza ndi kuwona zili pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, adamva fungo la kugwa pamtunda woposa makilomita anayi.
Kodi fisi amadya chiyani?
Nyama imakonda kudya nyama zomwe zimasaka. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimadya nyama kumatha kukhala zochulukirapo kuposa kukula kwa wosaka.Ngakhale michere yambiri komanso michere yambiri imalowa m'thupi kuchokera ku chakudya choterocho, nyama yomwe amadya sichizinyalanyaza komanso kudyerera nyama.
Ngati gululo silinapeze chakudya chanyama, ndiye kuti limayang'ana masamba. Anthu omwe amasangalala kwambiri amatha kudya udzu wokhala ndi zipatso komanso zipatso. Chifukwa chake, mafisi sadzakhalabe ndi njala!
Sizosadabwitsa, koma payokha ma hyenas ndi amantha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ma hyenas nthawi zambiri amasakidwa pagulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zigonjetse chilombo china.
Ma Hyenas amakhala ndi njira yapadera yogaya chakudya. Chifukwa cha iye, zolengedwa izi zimatenga mosavuta mafupa, nyanga, ziboda ndi ubweya. Masana, m'mimba mwa nyama izi zimatha kugaya chilichonse chomwe chikudya.
Mawonekedwe
Kutalika kwa mawonekedwe amtunduwu kumayambira 90 mpaka 170 cm. Kutengera jenda, kakulidwe ndi msinkhu, kutalika kwake ndi 85-90 cm. Thupi la hyena limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi lalifupi ndi undercoat. Tsitsi lalitali limangophimba khosi, ndikupanga kumverera kwa mane. Mtundu wotuwa wonyezimira wokhala ndi chizindikiro chakuda. Chovala chodziwika cha hyena chimakutidwa ndi malo amdima. Mwa anthu ena kumbuyo kwa mutu kumakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira pang'ono. Thupi la hyena limakhala ndi thupi lokhala ndi mapewa okwera komanso chiuno chochepa. Thupi lawo lalikulu lozungulira limayimitsidwa pamiyendo yotsika imvi, yokhala ndi zala zinayi pachilichonse. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo. Makutu ozungulira ozungulira amakhala m'mutu. Nkhope ya nkhope yamalo owoneka bwino ndi yayifupi komanso yotalika khosi lalitali, kunja kwake kumawoneka ngati galu.
Kugonana kwamisala kumatchulidwa pakuwoneka komanso chikhalidwe cha ma fisi owoneka. Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna chifukwa cha testosterone owonjezera. Akazi amakhala ndi zochulukirapo kuposa zazimuna. Nthawi zambiri, ma fisi aakazi owoneka ndi akazi amalemera makilogalamu 10 kuposa amuna ndipo amakhala ndi thupi lolimba. Komanso amakhala ankhanza kwambiri.
Tiyeneranso kulankhula za mawu ake. Spena yodziwika bwino imatha kupanga phokoso losiyanasiyana mpaka 10-12, mosiyanitsidwa monga zizindikiro kwa abale. Kuseka, kofanana ndi kukuwa kwanthawi yayitali, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana pakati pa anthu. Nyama zimatha kupatsana moni pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ikuluikulu. Mutha kumvanso "maguti" kuchokera kwa iwo, akulira ndi kulira. Mwachitsanzo, chingwe chotsika chokhala ndi kamlomo kotsekera chimayimira nkhanza. Fisi amatha kupanga mawu ngati mkango ukubwera.
Zomwe zimachitika pazizindikiro zomwezo kuchokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala zosiyana. Kulira kwa amuna, anthu okhala m'gulu la nkhosalo 'amagonjera' modzidzimutsa, nthawi yomweyo kumamveka mawu achikazi.
Moyo
Zomera zowala zimakhala m'magulu akuluakulu, kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 100 anthu amodzi. Awa ndi achikazi makamaka; amapanga gulu lotchedwa banja la machitidwe otsogozedwa ndi mkazi wa alpha. Amayika gawo lawo ndikuwateteza ku ma fisi ena. Pali otsogola okhazikika mkati mwa mabanja pakati pa akazi omwe amapikisirana wina ndi mnzake kuti akhale ndi malo ochezeka. Akazi amalamulira abambo kudzera mwamawonekedwe ankhanza. Amuna okhaokha amagawidwa malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha zaka. Akuluakulu amawonedwa kuti ndiwo akuluakulu, ndiye oyamba kudya, amapanga dongosolo la ukulu wowonjezereka. Ena onse alibe maudindo otere, komabe ali mmalo apamwamba kuposa amuna.
Amuna nawonso ali ndi mtundu wina wolekanitsa malinga ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Amuna achimvekere amatha kufikira akazi, koma onse monga osirira "akazi" a paketi. Chifukwa cha zinthu zovutazi, amuna ena nthawi zambiri amathamangira kusukulu zina kukaweta.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Ziphuphu zokhala ndi mbuna zokhala ndi miyambo yovuta kupatsirana ndikupunthwa ndikumata nyini. Kuwona, mbuna zokhala ndi mawanga zimakweza mawondo ake kuti munthu wina azitha kuzimeza. Nyama zoyamwitsa zoterezi ndizomwe zimakhala ndi mayendedwe ovuta kwambiri anyani.
Magulu osiyanasiyana amatha kumenyerana nkhondo yolimbana ndi gawo. Mpikisano pakati pa mauni owoneka bwino umaonekera. Amachita mosiyana ndi ana awo. Ng'ombe zimabadwira m'khola. Abale ndi alongo omwe ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo amenyera nkhondo kuti azilamulira, kuluma wina ndi mzake ndikupweteketsa zilonda zakupha nthawi zina. Wopambana azilamulira ana ena onse mpaka atamwalira. Zibwenzi zamphongo sizipikisana.
Habitat, malo okhala
Ma Savannah omwe ali ndi nyama zambiri zomwe amaphatikiza ndi zakudya zomwe amakonda amakonda amasankha mafuta owoneka.. Zitha kupezekanso m'malo owuma, nkhalango zowala, nkhalango zowuma, komanso nkhalango zamapiri mpaka 4000m kutalika. Amapewa nkhalango ndi zipululu. Mutha kukumana nawo ku Africa kuchokera ku Cape of Good Hope kupita ku Sahara.
Zakudya Zambiri za Hyena
Chakudya chachikulu cha Hyena ndi nyama. M'mbuyomu, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti zakudya zawo zinali zovunda - zotsalira za nyama zomwe zimadyetsedwa ndi ena omwe amadyera anzawo. Izi sizowona, kuti ma hyonas omwe amawoneka makamaka ndi osaka. Pafupifupi 90% ya chakudya chomwe amapeza ndikusaka. Ma Hyenas amapita kukawedza ali okha kapena ngati gawo la gulu lotsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri wamkazi. Nthawi zambiri amasaka herbivores zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mbawala, buffalos, mbidzi, nkhumba, milendzi, njuchi ndi mvuu. Amathanso kudyetsa masewera ochepa, ziweto ndi zovunda.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale ali ndi luso lotha kusaka bwino, sikuti amasankha chakudya. Nyama izi sizimanyoza ngakhale njovu yowola. Fisi tsopano ndiwopezeka kwambiri ku Africa.
Ziphuphu zowala zambiri zimasaka usiku, koma nthawi zina zimagwira ntchito masana. Amayenda maulendo ochulukirapo akusaka nyama. Mbidzi yokhala ndi ma botha imatha kuthamanga pafupifupi makilomita 65 pa ola limodzi, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi kuti azitha kuthana ndi gulu la antelopes kapena nyama zina ndikugwira nyama yake. Kuluma kwamphamvu kumathandizira kuthana ndi chinyama chachikulu. Kuluma kumodzi m'khosi kumakupatsani mwayi wophwanya mitsempha yayikulu ya wolakwayo. Pambuyo pogwidwa, nyama zina zamagulu zimathandiza kunyamula nyama. Amuna ndi akazi amatha kumenyera chakudya. Monga lamulo, mkazi amapambana ndewu.
Nsagwada zamphamvu zamtundu wananso zimatha kuthana ndi kukula kwamtundu wa nyama yayikulu. Mimba imayang'ananso chilichonse chomwe chimalowa mwa iyo kuchokera ku nyanga kupita ku ziboda. Pazifukwa izi, chopondera cha nyama iyi nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyera. Ngati nyama yakula kwambiri, abulu amatha kubisala ina pambuyo pake.