Goby Black Sea, pamodzi ndi anchovy - hamsa, ndi amodzi mwa oyimira kwambiri a pansi pa madzi aku Anapa, omwe amalumikizana kwambiri ndi anthu. Achinyamata ambiri okalamba komanso achikulire amakumbukira momwe ng'ombe ya ng'ombe yamphongo idapulumutsira ku njala pa nthawi ya Nkhondo Yaikulu ya Patriotic. Mtundu wapadera wamcherewu ndi amodzi mwa matawuni akunyanja ya Black Sea. Masiku ano, anthu achikulire amapanga nthano ndipo amakumbukira nkhani zoseketsa zokhudzana ndi kugwira ng'ombe ku Anapa. Kuchokera nthano za makolo athu akale ndi asodzi akale, tidapanga chophimba chazinthu zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimachitika pa Black Sea - nsomba yaying'ono yoyenera ya Black Sea.
Mawonekedwe
Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov idatipatsa mitundu yopitilira 20 ya gobies. Pamiyala yamiyala ndi mchenga pafupi ndi Resort ya Anapa, timakumana ndi mitundu inayi ya okhala pansi pamadzi. Mitundu yonse ya zakupangaku ndiyofanana machitidwe kapangidwe ka thupi ndipo ndizosiyana mtundu, kapena kutalika kapena kuchuluka kwa ma ray.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya Anapa ndi chozungulira. Chifukwa cha thupi lake lambiri komanso zowirira zambiri, zimapezeka ndi dzina lotere. Thupi lophimbidwa ndi mamba, mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mutu wokhala ndi maso awiri oyang'anitsitsa, pakamwa sing'anga safika pamaso. Chizindikiro cha chipika chozungulira ndichowoneka chakuda ndi mtundu wachikaso kumbuyo kwa finors yoyamba. Monga mitundu yonse ya zakumwa, pamimba yozungulirayi yasokota zipsepse zam'mimba ndikupanga china ngati kapu yonyowa, yomwe imathandizira kukhala pamiyala yoterera. Mtundu wozungulira thupi ndi wa imvi kapena wa bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga amdima mbali zina, nthawi zina ngakhale wakuda nthawi yakukhwima. Kukula kwamtunduwu sikoposa 25 cm komanso kulemera mpaka 250 g.
Wopezeka ku Anapa ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazithunzithunzi - chikwapu kapena martovik. Wothamanga mwakulemera amatha mpaka magalamu 500 kulemera kwanyumba ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 35. Mwamuna wolimba uyu ali ndi mutu wopambana kwambiri, womwe umadzaza ndi makatani ambiri, omwe amakhala otseguka pansi. Pakamwa pamakhala patali ndipo m'lifupi. Mtundu umakhala wa bulawuni wokhala ndi mawanga amdima, panthawi yopanga pafupi ndi yakuda.
M'mphepete mwa mchenga wa Anapa mutha kukumana ndi goby sandbox. Nsomba zamtunduwu ndizopepuka chifukwa cha chilengedwe chakunja. Mu nthawi yaukwati imasanduka buluu. Mutu sukulira monga mitundu ina, thupi limakhala lalifupi. Bokosi lamchenga limakula mpaka masentimita 20 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 150.
Goby golovach ali ndi mutu wake wosalala, womwe adalandira dzina lake, amakhala ku Black Sea. Pakamwa pamakhala paliponse ndi mlomo wapamwamba pokhapokha, nsagwada yapansi motalika kuposa kumtunda. Utoto wake ndi wofiirira kapena wamtundu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda owoneka bwino, makona atatu amdima akuwonekera bwino kumapeto kwa mchira.
Zizolowezi
Kutulutsa kwa ma Gobies kumayamba mu Epulo, ndipo kumatha chilimwe chonse. Pakadali pano, anyani amphongo amavala mchira wawo wakuda ndikugwira tchuthi chonse. Akazi ndi ng'ombe zazikazi zamphongo, azimayi amphepo, ndipo amangoyikira mazira, pambuyo pake amasambira kutali ndi mavuto abanja. Kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe abambo ochulukirachulukira, agogo amasamalira chisa. Pofuna kucha kwa caviar, kupsinjika mumchenga kapena miyala, tini yakale kapena bomba, ndikoyenera, zonsezi ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi zinyalala ndi zinthu zakuthwa. Mayi yemwe amadzacheza amawayika mazira ndikusowa, pambuyo pake poti ayambe kusamalira ana amtsogolo. Udindo wake umaphatikizapo kuteteza chisa ku nyama zomwe zimadyanso ndi kuswana, kupezeka kwa mpweya wambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, zomwe zimachitika ndikusinthasintha kosalekeza kwa zipsepse. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zinyalala sizimafikira mazira, omwe amayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti asatsuke chipolopolo. Munthawi imeneyi, goby samadya ndipo amachepetsa thupi, koma amakhala bwino.
Pakatha sabata, kapena ngakhale mwezi wosamalira bwino, mwachangu zimawonekera. Akabereka, ng'ombe yamphongo imasowa chisamaliro chonse cha amayi, amayamba kudya kwambiri ndipo amakhala wokonzeka kudya mtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mwachangu azikhala kutali ndi akuluakulu ndikukhala okha.
Chakudya chachikulu cha goby wamkulu chimapangidwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono, crustaceans yaying'ono, ndi nyongolotsi zapansi. Mwana wang'ombe sakonda kuvutitsa ndi kuthamangitsa nyama, zizolowezi zake zomwe amakonda ndizodikirira, kuthamangira pakubisala, kapena kukumba pansi nyongolotsi pansi. Ngakhale ngwazi zathu amasambira mosazengereza. Agogo amayenda pansi, kudutsa mitsinje yamadzi, akudzithandiza okha ndi zipsepse. Kusunthaku ndikosangalatsa.
Zosangalatsa
Zikuwoneka kuti goby ikhoza kukhala mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali. Zidapezeka kuti nsomba zathu zazing'ono zimatha kupuma khungu. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amawona kuti ng'ombe zogulidwa pamsika zimawonetsa zochitika zapadera. Ngakhale atakhala maola angapo mlengalenga, adadzipeza ali m'madzi am'nyanja, zomwe zimamuyendera bwino zimakhala ndi moyo ndikukasambira mpaka pansi.
Agogo alibe chikhodzodzo, koma amakhala bwanji pansi? Chinsinsi chake chinali m'mipini yopopera, yomwe kenako inasandutsidwa chikho chomwera. Chida ichi chimagwira ntchito ngati mbedza yabwino; zopendekera zimatha kupezekanso m'mphepete mwa miyala.
Ng'ombe yamphongo imangotenga chidwi cha zovala zakuda za mtsogolo, komanso ku mawu ake. Zotsatira zake kuti nthawi yakukhwima, amuna amatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana kukopa mkwatibwi.
Chakudya chotchuka chamzitini "Gobies in Tomato", chomwe Soviet Union chimakonda kwambiri, chinapangidwa kuchokera ku ng'ombe kapena ng'ombe yathu ya ku Black Sea. Kukula kwa nsombazo kunali koyenera kwambiri ngati tini wamba, ndipo kukoma komwe makolo athu ndi makolo athu amakumbukirabe ndi komwe kukukumbukirabe bwino kwambiri zaka zapitazo.
Kawonani ku Anapa
Mutha kukumana ndi ng'ombe pagombe lililonse ku Anapa. Kuti muwone moyo wamunthu wam'deralo, kukhazikitsa koyamba kwa diver kumakhala kokwanira - masks ndi zipsepse. Ng'ombe yamphongo ndi nyama yodabwitsa kwambiri, imalola kulowa nayo pafupi ndipo imakupatsani mwayi kuti musangalale ndikuwona mawonekedwe ake ngakhale kusaka.
Kuti muphunzire za machitidwe a ng'ombe kuchokera ku Anapa, muyenera kupita kumisika yotsatsa. M'chilimwe, mlendoyo amatha kupeza gawo lake la ng'ombe yowuma, yowuma komanso yowotcha.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha morphological chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zitsamba ndi kapu yotsekemera. Pamalo podzilira thupi. Idapangidwa chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa zipsepse zamkati. Amakhala ngati kumatira nsomba kumiyala, matanthwe, pansi pamunsi. Amasunga nsomba m'malo opaka, ngakhale mafunde ataliatali.
Ziphuphu ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Koma pali mitundu ya mitundu yabwino. Kupita kwakukulu-kut amakula mpaka masentimita 30 mpaka 35. Ena ojambula amafika mpaka mamita 0.5. Mtundu wocheperako kwambiri ndi trimmatom nanus. Itha kuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Sizidutsa 1 cm.
Imeneyi imakhala kumadzulo kwa Pacific komanso kumapiri a m'nyanja ya Indian. Kuzama kwa 5 mpaka 30 metres. Mpaka 2004, idatengedwa kuti ndi vertebrate yaying'ono kwambiri. Zomwe apeza posachedwa za akatswiri a biology zidamukankhira kumalo achitatu.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi ng'ombe ndikuti wamkazi amatha kusanduka wamwamuna
Pamalo achiwiri panali nsomba za matanthwe Schindleria brevipinguis. Carp 7.9 mm kutalika, kumapeto kwa Indonesia, akuti ndiye mtsogoleri pa mndandandandawo. Dzina lake: Paedocypris progenetica.
Ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana, kukula kwa zonse zomwe zili zofanana ndizofanana. Mutu wa nsomba ndi waukulu, wosanjika pang'ono ndi pansi. M'lifupi mwake monse pamakhala pakamwa pofinya, pomwe pali maso akulu. Hafu yoyamba ya thupi ndi cylindrical. Mbali yam'mimba imasungunuka pang'ono.
Nsomba zimakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri. Ming'oma yoyamba ndi yolimba, yachiwiri yofewa. Zipsepse zamkati ndi zamphamvu. Ventral (pamimba) amapanga kapu yotsekemera. Anal fin ndekha. Mchira umatha ndi zokutira popanda mabowo.
Kuchulukana komanso matupi athupi lathunthu samapereka chidziwitso chokwanira momwe nsomba zowonekera zimawonekera. Kusiyanitsa mitundu yamitundu yamtundu ndikofunikira. Zambiri mwakuti nkovuta kukhulupirira kuti nsombazo ndi za banja limodzi. Izi ndizowona makamaka zamitundu yotentha.
Mitundu yonse ya nsomba imayikidwa muupangiri wa Fish of the World. Mu 2016, mtundu wachisanu udasinthidwa ndi a Joseph S. Nelson. Maubwenzi azikhalidwe mu banja la goby asinthidwa kwambiri. Kuchokera ku mitundu yonse yazinyama, titha kusiyanitsa zopezeka m'dera la Ponto-Caspian. Ena mwa iwo ndi mitundu yamalonda.
Ng'ombe yamphongo ndi sing'anga kukula. Amuna mpaka 15 cm, zazikazi mpaka 20 cm.Modzi mwa mitundu yofunika kwambiri mu Nyanja ya Azov pankhani ya kuwedza nsomba. Amuna nthawi zambiri amafa pambuyo pa kubzala koyamba, ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Zachikazi zimatha kutuluka maulendo angapo ndikukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zisanu.
Imalekerera mchere ndi madzi oyera, chifukwa chake simupezeka kokha mu Nyanja Yakuda, Nyanja ya Azov ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Imatha kukwera mitsinje yolowa mpaka kumadera aku Russia. Pankhaniyi, amadziwonetsa yekha mtsinje wokulirapo.
Kutalika kwa nsombazi ndi masentimita 12. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imafikira masentimita 20. Monga matabwa ozungulira osinthika ndi madzi abwino. Kuchokera ku Nyanja Yakuda idafalikira m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Ukraine, Belarus ndi Russia. M'matupi amadzi oyera, nsomba zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo. ratan ndi goby. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo ofanana, nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka. Koma nsomba ndi abale ake akutali, ochokera kumabanja osiyanasiyana.
Amakhala m'malo am'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, ku Dniester, madera otsika a Danube, Nyanja ya Azov. Utoto, ngati ng'ombe zina, nthawi yamasika. Wamkazi amaikira mazira masauzande angapo. Makulitsidwe kumatenga milungu iwiri. Kuyika mwachangu mpaka 7 mm kutalika. Pambuyo pobadwa, igwani pansi. Pakupita masiku angapo, amayamba kukhala ndi moyo wogwira ntchito yolusa. Idyani zinthu zonse zokhala ndi moyo, zofunikira kukula. Kwambiri plankton. Mitundu yofananira imapita kukadyera, mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira kwa goby.
Wokhala ku Azov ndi Nyanja Yakuda. Amanyamula madzi osiyanasiyana a mchere, kuphatikizapo atsopano. Akupita mumtsinje. Nsomba zazikulu zokwanira. Kufikira 35 cm kutalika ndi mpaka 600 g kulemera. Zotsogola. Mitundu yofananira: Cholengedwa chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka pansi chimalowa chakudya. M'mwezi wa Marichi, asodzi amateur pa Nyanja ya Azov, mtunduwu umakumana pafupipafupi kuposa ma gogo ena. Chifukwa chake dzinalo Martovik.
Pamodzi ndi mitundu yamalonda, zotchinga ndizosangalatsa - okhala m'madzi am'madzi, am'madzi am'madzi. Ndizodziwika bwino kwa akatswiri am'madzi a Valenciennea. izo pitani Valenciennes. Anatchulidwa pambuyo pa katswiri wodziwika bwino wowerengera zanyama ku France Achille Valenciennes, yemwe adakhala m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Uwu ndiye mtundu wonse. Mulinso mitundu 20. Zinayi zodziwika bwino.
- Goby-lancers awiri kanjira.
Nsomba izi zimakumba pansi nthawi zonse. Dzinalo "kukumba ng'ombe." Ali ndi njira yosavuta yopezera zakudya. Mbawala zimagwira dothi ndi pakamwa pawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mbale zosefukira zomwe zimapezeka pakamwa, pansi lapansi ndizakuzunguliridwa. Mchenga, ngale, zinyalala zimaponyedwa kudzera m'matumba. Chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi lingaliro lamtengo wapatali chimadyedwa. Kuphatikiza pa kuchitapo kanthu, asodzi am'madzi amayamikira mawonekedwe amphongo.
Reynford goby kapena Amblygobius rainfordi akhoza kukhala okongola kwambiri. Zokongola pang'ono izi nsomba, pita chithunzi zothandiza kwambiri. Idagulitsidwa mchaka cha 1990 chokha. Ndi chiyambi cha kukula kwa kutchuka kwa malo okhala m'matanthwe. Mwachilengedwe, samasonkhana m'magulu kapena nkhosa, umakonda kusungulumwa. Mu malo osungirako zachilengedwe, mwina sizingafanane ndi mtundu wake.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri chokhudza chidole cha ng'ombe ndi dzina lake. Ndizovuta kunena chifukwa chake wokhala ku Seychelles and Maldives, Stonogobiops dracula, adalandira dzinali. Tinsomba tating'ono timene timakhala mu bowo limodzi ndi shrimp. Mwinanso, kuwoneka kwa nthawi yomweyo kwa ng'ombe yamphongo ndi chinsomba kuchokera kubowo kunakopa chidwi chake.
Moyo & Habitat
Ziphuphu zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Mumakonda malo otentha komanso malo otentha. Kusinthidwa ndi mchere, mchere pang'ono ndi madzi atsopano. Goby Wamadzi Amchere amakhala m'mitsinje, m'malo osungira phanga. misambo ya mangrove, kumapeto kwa gombe la nyanja. Mitundu ina imakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pomwe madziwo amakhala ndi mchere. 35% ya anthu onse opita kunkhokwe ndi okhala m'matanthwe a coral.
Pali mitundu ya nsomba yomwe yasintha moyo wawo modabwitsa. Awa ndi ma shrimp gobies. Analowa ku Symbiosis ndi ena okhala m'madzi. Amapindula chifukwa chokhala limodzi ndi shrimp ya nutcracker, yomwe sikunakhalebe otaika.
Amanga dzenje momwe amadzibisalira ndi malo okwanira kukhalamo ng'ombe imodzi kapena ziwiri. Ng'ombe ya ng'ombe yamphongo, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maso abwino kwambiri, imachenjeza mbalamezo kuti zisawonongeke. Zomwezo, zimasunga nyumba yodziwika bwino. Gobies samangokhala mu dzenje lokha, komanso zimaswana mwa iwo.
Chitsanzo china cha typiosis ndi makonzedwe amoyo a neon gobies. Amagwira ntchito ngati lamulo: amayeretsa thupi, kupukusa matumbo ndi zibwano zazikulu, kuphatikiza nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa. Malo omwe amakhala ndi neon amasintha kukhala nyumba yowongolera majeremusi. Lamulo loti nsomba zazikuluzikulu zodya nsomba zazing'ono sizigwira ntchito m'malo aukhondo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Agalu amakhala okongola munyanja ndi mitsinje. Gawo lalikulu la gawo lazakudya zomwe amalandira poyang'ana pansi kapena pansi pa mtsinje. Pansi pamadzi amadzaza ndi zooplankton. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo mphutsi za nsomba zilizonse ndi tizilombo, crustaceans monga amphipods, gastropods.
Ndi mayendedwe akuchepera goby nsomba amalimbana bwino ndi abale ang'onoang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, imadya nsomba za caviar komanso mwachangu za nsomba zina. Koma chilakolako cha mwana wa ng'ombe sichimabweretsa kuchepa kwa nsomba zoyandikana nawo.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Otentha mitundu ya nsomba zopita osamamatira mosamalitsa nyengo ikamakula. M'malo okhala nyengo yotentha, zowonjezereka. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mu nthawi yophukira, ndipo imatha kutambasuka nthawi yonse yotentha.
Wamphongo amakonzekeretsa pogona. Itha kukhala dzenje, lakuya loyeretsa zinyalala, kusiyana pakati pa miyala. Makoma ndi denga la chisa ziyenera kukhala zosalala. Wamphongo ndiye amachititsa izi. Pambuyo pokonzekera, kuuma kumachitika. Yaikazi imakhala mchisa isanathere: imachoka ndikuikhalanso.
Masana kufalikira kumachitika. Kholo liziwonekera mazira mosamala, wogawana, ndikuwakhomera kukhoma ndi padenga la nyumba, kenako ndikuwasiya. Wamphongo amalowetsa nkhaniyi. Ntchito yake ndikupanga kufalikira kwa madzi ndi zipsepse, potero amapereka mazira ndi mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, amasamala ng'ombe zamphongo zamtsogolo.
Osachepera sabata amafunikira kusinthira mazira. The kuwonekera mwachangu akuyamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Benthic plankton imakhala chakudya chawo, ndipo algae, miyala, ndi miyala ya korali imakhala chitetezo.
Ng'ombe zazing'ono, ngati zikuyenda bwino, pazaka ziwiri zokha zimatha kubereka ana awo. Kutalika kwa moyo kwa nsomba izi kumachokera zaka 2-5. Mwa mitundu ina, makamaka yamphongo, pali mwayi umodzi wokha kubereka. Atangotulutsa koyamba, amafa.
M'mitundu ingapo yotentha kwambiri, asayansi awulula luso lodabwitsa. Amatha kusintha jenda. Mapangidwe oterewa amadziwika ndi nsomba zamtundu wa mitundu ya mitundu ya mitundu ya Ekoryphopterus personatus. Akazi amatha kukhala amuna. Pali lingaliro lazotheka kusintha amuna kukhala akazi. Zizindikiro za mtundu Paragobiodon amakayikiridwa ndi izi.
Ng'ombe yamphongo imagulitsidwa m'magulu awiri. Choyamba, ndi chakudya. Azov goby nsomba, wotentha, wokuundidwa akuyerekeza pafupifupi ma ruble 160-200 pa kilogalamu. Zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri mu phwetekere zimangotenga ma ruble 50-60 pokha.
Kachiwiri, ma gogo amagulitsidwa kuti azisunga m'madzi am'madzi. Mitengo ya anthu otentha awa ndi osiyana kwambiri. Kuchokera 300 mpaka 3000 ma ruble aliyense. Koma nthawi yomweyo ndi nsomba ndikofunika kusungira chakudya cha iwo.
Kugwira ng'ombe
Pali mitundu ingapo ya nsomba zomwe ndi asodzi. Koma kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe zamphongo zazitali kumakhudza zotsatira zausodzi wamakampani. Goby — nsomba, yomwe imaphatikizidwa muzakudya zam'madzi zina zam'madzi: cod, bass sea, flounder.
Kugwira ma gogo ndi amodzi mwa malo achikhalidwe cha asodzi a Black Sea ndi Azov amateur. Ndiwotchuka pakati pa asodzi omwe amakhala ku Caspian. Kuthetsa ndikosavuta. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndodo yosodza kapena donka.
Chachikulu ndikuti nyambo igone pansi momasuka. Tizidutswa tanyama tanyama, nyongolotsi, mphutsi zimatha kukhala nyambo. Kusodza kopambana, makamaka poyamba, ndizotheka pokhapokha atakambirana ndi katswiri wakomweko.
Kusodza kwanyumba kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde, maukonde okhazikika. Nsomba zodzigwidwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi zapafupi ndi msambo. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa ng'ombe zamphongo ku Russia ndi kopanda tanthauzo; sikuphatikizidwa mu ziwerengero za Federal Fisheries Agency.
Zamoyo zamtunda zinatenga gawo losiyana mu bizinesi yosodza: zinakhala zikhalidwe m'mizinda yakunyumba. Wotchuka kwambiri kuti amagwidwa, amakulitsidwa ndikugulitsidwa pamsika wamafuta.