Malinga ndi Radik Khayrullin, kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito yobwezeretsa mitundu yakale ya nyama zakale, cholinga chofunikira ndichakuti: "Kupanga zinyama popanga sayansi ndi chinthu chimodzi, ndipo chidwi ndichinthu chinanso. Komabe izikhala mayi wina, osati amene adakhalako zaka 43,000 zapitazo. Komanso, mtanda udzakhala ndi njovu, ndipo si chozizwitsa. ”
Malinga ndi bungwe lofalitsa nkhani ku Yakutsk-Sakha, asayansiwo sanathe kungotenga DNA kuchokera ku magazi osungika osungirako, komanso kukonza zotengera zofewa. "Sitinayembekezere zoterezi," atero a Victoria Egorova, wamkulu wa chipatala chachipatala chachipatala cha North-Eastern Federal University. - Kusungidwa kwa mtembowo, komwe kuli zaka zopitilira 43, kuli bwino kuposa kusunga kwa munthu yemwe wagona pansi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pazigawo zomwe zili ndi khoma labwino komwe kumakhala magazi a hemolised zikuwoneka bwino. Maselo ofiira a magazi amapezeka koyamba mwa iwo. Minofu ya Adipose komanso minofu yam'mimba idasungidwa bwino. Pali maselo osunthika omwe timatha kuwona bwino bwino, komanso ndi apadera. ”
Asayansi amati malo ozizira ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zosungira bwino kwambiri nyama yam'madzi yopezeka ku Yakutia - thupilo limagona kwa zaka masauzande ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pali lingaliro loti magazi a mammour atha kukhala ndi katundu wa cryoprotective omwe amalola kuti nyama zizipulumuka kutentha mpaka -60 ° C.
Asayansi amatcha magazi a mammon atavutika, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kufa kwa nyama. Radik Khairullin adati: "Adamwalira ali ndi zowawa zomwe zidatenga pafupifupi maola 16-18. "Izi zimatsimikizidwanso ndi momwe thupi limakhalira - mkono wammbuyo umakulitsidwa mosadziwika."
Malinga ndi asayansi, nyamayi idagwera m dzenje la ayezi, pomwe samatha kutuluka.
Nkhani yokhudza kuphulika kwa mamoni yakhala ikuvutitsa anthu asayansi. M'maphunziro a Yakut, asayansi aku Russia adalumikizidwa ndi akatswiri ochokera kumaiko asanu: Denmark, United Kingdom, USA, Korea, ndi Moldova.
Kupezeka kwa asayansi aku Russia kungatithandizenso kuti tidzilekanitsa mtundu wamtundu womwe umamwalira zaka pafupifupi 10,000 zapitazo.
Wophatikiza, Osati Mleme
Asayansi a mabungwe amakayikira kupambana kwa kuyesera kotere, makamaka akamagwiritsa ntchito njovu yopanga njovu.
"Poyamba, ndikofunikira kupeza mayi yemwe wabereka mwana woyamwa. M'malo mwa mayi yemwe ali ndi mayi ambiri, akhoza kukhala ng'ombe (yoyenera kwambiri kwachilengedwe), koma ngakhale zili choncho, kusiyana kwake kungayambitse kukana kwa mwana asanabadwe," bungweli lidatero.
Kuthekera kopambana mu kuyesa koteroko sikokwanira kuposa 1-5%.
Chofunikira chachiwiri ndikupezeka kwa maselo athunthu. "Ngati pali maselo olimba mu minofuyo, ndiye kuti akanakhala atapanga mazira. Komabe, ngati tilingalira zomwe zidachitika ndi nyamayo, ngakhale itafa ndi hypothermia, zimatenga nthawi kuti maselowo atsekere," asayansi.
"Ngakhale kungoganiza kuti gawo limodzi mwa maselo chikwi chimodzi ndilothandiza, kufunsa mafunso othandiza. Poganizira kuti pa avareji ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zotsimikizira kuti mitundu imodzi yokha yazikhala chimodzi, ndipo khungu limodzi lokha ndizokwanira, ndizofunikira kutulutsa pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi maselo, "atero.
Charles Foster, mnzake ku Green Templeton College, Oxford, ali ndi chiyembekezo chambiri pakuyembekeza kuyesa.
"Lingaliro la kuphatikiza zinyama sindiwopusa. Funso lina ndilakuti kodi mazira azichita bwanji?" - Zolimbikitsa zodabwitsa.
Ngakhale zambiri zamtundu wa mluza zimabwera kwa iye kuchokera ku mammon, gawo lidzadutsa dzira la njovu.
"Sitikudziwa momwe nkhaniyi imapezekera ndi DNA yakunja," wasayansiyo akutero.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale atapambana, mawonekedwewo amakhalabe osakanizidwa, osati mammoni enieni.
Asayansi ati apange zimphona zazikulu za ubweya, kenako ma dinosaurs
Asayansi ku Yunivesite ya Harvard alengeza kudziko lonse lapansi kuti ali okonzeka zaka ziwiri kupatsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri “otsitsimutsa.” Pulofesa George Church, mmodzi mwa ofufuza otsogola ku yunivesite yotchuka iyi, adatsimikizira atolankhani kuti mammons adzayendanso padziko lapansi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zikubwerazi. Akatswiri a Harvard akugwira ntchito kuti apange mwana wosabadwayo wamwamuna ndi njovu ya ku India. Nthawi yomweyo, monga George Church adatsimikizira, ogwira nawo ntchito gulu lake la sayansi adatha kupanga njira ina yapadera, yomwe iyenera kukulitsa kupambana kwa ntchitoyi. Ndipo posachedwa, asayansi akupita kuthana ndi chiukitsiro cha zinyama zina zomwe zikusowa, kuphatikiza ma dinosaurs, "kuti akwaniritse zadziko lapansi."
Ndizowona bwanji komanso ngati ndizofunikira konse, Free Press inafunsa wasayansi wodziwika bwino, membala wathunthu wa gulu la anthu ophunzira ku Russian Academy of Sciences, mphunzitsi ku VGI Alexandra Yarkova.
"Mamampu opanga mzinda"
Zikuwonekeratu kuti awa sakhala mammoni mwa "mawonekedwe oyera", koma mtundu wosakanizidwa. Chifukwa chake, asayansi a Harvard adapangira nyamayo, yomwe sinakhalepo m'chilengedwe, koma zomwe akufuna kupanga, mawu atsopano: "mammophant", otanthauziridwa - "mamoslon." Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ogwira ntchito ku Harvard samangobzala mwana wosabadwa kuti abereke njovu yaku India, koma kuti adzakule mwanjira ya "chiberekero". Asayansi a Harvard akufuna kuchita zozizwitsa izi zaumisiri wamatenda chifukwa cha njira ya CRISPR / Cas9. Kuyesera kopanga "mamoslon" kudayamba mchaka cha 2015, ndipo padakali pano, asayansi, atha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa majini amtundu woyambira dzira la njovu kuyambira pa 15 mpaka 45.
“Lingaliro lakubwezeretsanso zachilengedwe si lachilendo.” Chifukwa chake asayansi aku America adadzichotsera ndalamazo, - Russian paleontologist inafotokoza kukayikira kuti ntchitoyi ichitika. Alexander Yarkov. - Malinga ndi mfundo za a Khoja Nasreddin a fanizo lotchuka ili: "Sultan atamwalira, kapena bulu." Izi ndikuti: azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe zapatsidwa, ndipo kuyesaku kukalephera kwa zaka khumi motsatizana, aliyense adzaiwala za izi.
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe alendo akudziwa zakuthambo, omwe adaphunzira "SP"
"SP": - Chifukwa chiyani mukukayikira kwambiri kuti projekiti iyi yasayansi yapambana?
- Chifukwa alibe magwero ake - matamandawo a DNA omwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti minofu yonse ya mammon yomwe yapezeka pano idawonongeka ndi mabakiteriya. Nyengo yasintha kopitilira kamodzi kuchokera pamene nyama zanyama zachilengedwe zazimiririka kale: mitembo ya nyama itasungunuka, kenako nkuphukanso. Permafrost sanali wamuyaya. Ndikotheka kuphunzira dziwe la mammoths kutengera zomwe zapezeka zomwe zitha kuwonongeka, koma ndizosatheka kuzibwezeretsanso.
"SP": - Koma nthawi ina m'mbuyomu, atolankhani aku Russia adanenanso ngati chodabwitsa chomwe chimapezeka ku Yakutia, chomwe chimasungidwa mumadzi oundana kwambiri mwakuti chimatha kupatula DNA kuchokera m'mafupa ake ...
- Inde, koma iyi ndi nkhani yapadera. Ndipo funso lina: kuchuluka kwa DNA iyi kukhala yolimba, yokhoza kupanga mluza. Apanso, zikuwoneka kuti CD yokhayo "yokha" padziko lapansi pano ili ku Russia, osati ku United States. Mammoths adapezeka ku North America, monga mahatchi analipo Aspanishi asanafike ku kontrakitala, koma ma mammor ndi mahatchi "osaloleka" aku America adamwalira zaka zoposa 10,000 zapitazo. Kuphatikiza apo, mammony aku North America adatha kale kuposa mammon padziko lathuli, ichi ndi umboni wa sayansi wosatsimikizika. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti asayansi aku America apange DNA yonse.
"SP": - Chifukwa chiyani mammon adafa mwadzidzidzi? Amati chakudya chosasamalidwa nthawi zambiri chimapezeka m'mimba za mazira ozizira ...
- Sanamwalire mwadzidzidzi. Asayansi akulu kwambiri masiku ano amavomereza kuti: anthu adawonongedwa ndi mammams panthawi ya Ice Age. China chake chimayenera kudyedwa! Ngakhale pali umboni kuti mammondi ena adapulumuka ku chikhalidwe cha bronze, koma ichi si umboni umodzi wodalirika. Kodi adapeza chifukwa chiyani kuti sanapeze chakudya chosakwanira m'mimba mwa amayi omwe atayika mwadzidzidzi, ndizomveka. Cro-Magnons adalanda maenje akuluakulu kuti agwiritse modona. Kugwera mdzenje loterolo, madzi osefukira ndi madzi oundana, chimangacho chimangodzipangitsa kufa, ngati osaka alibe nthawi yoti adziwe, ndikudya. Nthawi zina mammoni amagwa kuchokera m'matanthwe: palibe otetezeka ku ngozi. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani amakhulupilira kuti mammony adatha zaka 10,000 zapitazo? Ineyo ndawonapo manda onse owoneka ngati manda, mafupa am'mafupa awo ku malo a Cro-Magnons, omwe anangoyambira zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Awa anali, wina anganene kuti, mammary opanga mzinda, kupereka mwayi kwa mtundu wonse kupulumuka. Koma m'malo oimikapo magalimoto, omwe ali kale ndi zaka 8000, palibe mafupa oponderezedwa: apita kale, ngakhale chikhalidwe cha anthu chatsalabe pamlingo wofanana - nthungo ndi ma axon.
“Dongosolo lochokera ku mafupa a dinosaur ndi nthano chabe”
"SP": - Ngati ndizovuta kupeza DNA yonseyabwino, kodi asayansi aku US angalankhule bwanji za chiyembekezo chawo chofuna kuyambitsa ma dinosaurs?
- Ili ndi bodza, zoona! Dinosaurs inazimiririka zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo. Zinthu za m'mafupa, zomwe zimakhala zaka zopitilira 100, zilipo kale. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kupatula DNA ku mafupa a dinosaur! Inenso ndinapeza mabwinja a moussa ali bwino kwambiri. Mafupa ake anali ofanana kwambiri ndi mwatsopano, koma izi sizitanthauzanso chilichonse. Zamoyo zonse m'mafupa akalewo zakhala zikumveka kale ndipo, sililinso fupa, koma mwala. Chifukwa amatchedwa "malodza."
Madalaivala amalosera zamomwe inshuwaransi ingapulumutsire pokonza magalimoto awo
"SP": - Koma iweyo ungakonde kupha nyama yamphongo yamoyo, tayang'ana dinosaurs mu park yeniyeni ya Jurassic?
"Inde." Komabe, kavalo wa njati ndi Przhevalsky, omwe anali atatsala pang'ono kutha, lero apulumutsidwa mwanjira ina: akubwezeretsa unyinji. Koma izi zinali mitundu yachilendo yomwe ikukhala masiku ano. Koma zokhudzana ndikuti zitha kubweretsanso zinyama zomwe zidatha kudzera mu DNA, ine monga wasayansi ndikukayika. Tikuyenera kupulumutsa nyama zapadera zomwe zatsala pang'ono pano zomwe zili Padziko Lapansi! Mukuwona: m'zaka za zana la 20 zokha, anthu adawonongeratu nkhandwe ya Tasmanian, ng'ombe ya Steller ndi nyama zina zambiri zokongola ndi mbalame. Chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, nyama zambirimbiri komanso mitundu yonse ya zinyama zam'nyanja zimafa. M'malingaliro mwanga: ntchito Na. 1 ndikusunga zomwe zili padziko lapansi pano. Ndipo pazomwezi, ndimalemekeza kwambiri ntchito yomwe wolemba komanso wolemba zachilengedwe a Gerald Darrell, omwe adapanga paki ku Jersey, Channel Islands, akuthandizira kukonza ndi kuweta nyama zosowa komanso zomwe zatsala pang'ono kupezeka ndi cholinga chofuna kupangira mitundu ya nyama zamtunduwu. Nayi njira yomwe tiyenera kutsatira!