Kodi amphaka ndi agalu amalota za chiyani ndipo angakumbukire maloto awo? Nikolay Karpov yemwe ndiudindo, mphunzitsi wa Dipatimenti ya Anatomy and Physiology of Man and Animal, Institute of Biology, Tyumen State University.
Mtundu wa kugona umamvekabe bwino. Koma chenicheni chakuti kugona kumagawidwa m'magawo awiri: wodekha komanso mwachangu amadziwika. Ponena za anthu, maloto ambiri omwe timawaona pagawo logona mwachangu. Munthawi yochepetsetsa, titha kukhalanso ndi zomwe timalota, koma maloto otere nthawi zambiri samawonekera ndipo nthawi zambiri amaiwalika atadzuka.
Kulankhula zazomwe zimachitika mu ubongo wa nyama ndizovuta kwambiri. Poyamba, izi sizokayikitsa. Asayansi sanapeze gawo logona mwachangu mu nsomba, ma amphibians komanso zouluka. Mu mbalame, ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizidutsa 1% ya nthawi yonse yogona. Koma mwa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, kugona tulo kumatenga 1/5 nthawi yonse yogona. Komanso, amphaka, agalu ndi ena omwe amadyera, zimatha pafupifupi 20% ya nthawi yonseyo, mu akalulu ndi zitsamba zina - zosaposa 5-10%.
Ndiye nkuyerekeza. Poganiza kuti nyama zilinso ndi maloto panthawi yothamanga, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kunena zomwe zimalota. Nayi dzina lina la REM labweretsa - "paradoxical". Chododometsa chake ndikuti ntchito ya ubongo nthawi imeneyi imakhala yofanana ndi nthawi yakuuka. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi lingaliro lina la kupezeka kwa maloto mwa anthu, zithunzi zochokera m'moyo zimapezeka mwa munthu wogona. Ngati ndi choncho, ndizotheka kuti zinyama zimawona zofanana. Komanso amakhala ndi zokumbukira, ngakhale nthawi yake yopitilira 20 masekondi. Chifukwa chake amphaka angalore kuthamangitsa nyama yawo, mbewa zapakhomo zomwe zikuyenda mozungulira njingayo, ndi mbalame zikuimba nyimbo zawo.
Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti, mwachitsanzo, mumphaka, kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa kuli pafupifupi maola 16, pamene muli agalu - mphindi 5 zokha. Chifukwa chake, mukabisira katsi ndipo akapeza, azikumbukira pafupifupi tsiku limodzi. Ndipo galuyo adzaiwala zamtunduwu nthawi yomweyo.
Zokhazikitsidwa bwino mumphaka ndi kukumbukira kwotalikilapo. Cortex yamadzimadzi ndiyomwe imayang'anira, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuwirikiza kawiri ngati agalu. Ngati zokumbukira zimasungidwa kukumbukira kwanthawi yayitali, zimadziunjikira. Chifukwa chake, amphaka ndikukumbukira malo ena ndi anthu kwa zaka zambiri.
Zowona, ndizosatheka kuyankha mosaganizira funso la nyama yomwe imakumbukira bwino. Chifukwa chake, ma chimpanzi amawonetsa zodabwitsa zakukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, mu mikango yam'nyanja, M'malo mwake, nthawi yayitali imapangidwa bwino, ndipo mu octopus mitundu yonse ya kukumbukira imapangidwa bwino. Njovu zimatha kuloweza ndi kuwunika omwe ali mpaka 30 oimira gulu lawo. Koma asayansi amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi mbalame yaying'ono - nati ya ku America. Amatha kukumbukira komwe kunali mtedza wa paini 33,000! Ndipo amadzibisa mu masamba agwa, ndikuyamba kutuluka pansi pa chisanu.
Zomwe zimakumbukira za nyama zimaphunziridwa mu malo a labotale. Mwa kuyesera, zinali zotheka kuzindikira kuti muubongo wa zolengedwa zam'mimba momwe muli njira zofananira kukumbukira kukumbukira maloto monga mwa anthu. Chifukwa cha iwo akhoza kukumbukira maloto. Koma izi ndizopanda pake, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pazowona za sayansi. Kupatula apo, ngati nyamazo zikumbukirira zomwe zidalota, sizinganene.
Zinadziwika zomwe nyama zamaloto zikuwona
Asayansi apeza kuti nyama, monga anthu, zimatha kulota. Eni ake agalu ambiri azindikira kuti akagona agalu awo amalira, amasuntha miyendo yawo, amanjenjemera kapenanso kuyesa kuluma kanthu. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi kuchokera ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology adawonetsa kuti pamapangidwe, ubongo wa agalu ndi wofanana ndi ubongo wa munthu, ndipo umadutsa magawo omwewo a zochitika zamagetsi zomwe zimawonedwa mwa anthu, psychologytoday.com inati.
Komanso, zidadziwika kuti ngakhale nyama zazing'ono komanso zopanda nzeru zimatha kulota. Chifukwa chake, makoswe oyesera omwe amayenera kudutsa maze ovuta masana, kuweruza ndi zolembedwa zamagetsi zomwe zimatengedwa ku hippocame (gawo laubongo lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupanga ndikusunga kukumbukira), adaziwona usiku. Chithunzithunzi chomwecho chikuwonedwa mwa anthu, akatswiri azamisala akutero. Anthu nthawi zambiri amalota zinthu zomwe zinachitika dzulo lisanachitike.
Asayansi, malinga ndi zomwe ananena, ngakhale adakwanitsa, chifukwa cha kupanga sikani, kuti adziwe malo omwe panali makoswe omwe nthawi zina amagona. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zama maganizo, pali gawo lina lapadera mu tsinde laubongo lomwe limatha kuwongolera maloto ndikuletsa thupi kuti lisayankhe zithunzi zomwe zimaseweredwa m'maloto. Polekezera zomwe zikuchitika kudera lino, asayansi adaona kuti galu amayamba kuyenda, ngakhale anali atagona kwambiri.
Kudziwa ngati chiweto chanu chikulota nchosavuta, asayansi adafotokoza. Ngati kupuma kusamakhazikika, ndipo miyendo ikuyamba kuyenda mosasamala, maso agalu amayenda kumbuyo kwa matope otsekeka - amakhala ndi loto lofanana ndi zomwe zinachitika m'moyo weniweni. Akatswiri azamisala amakhulupirira kuti ngati nyama kapena munthu walumikizidwa mu gawo ili la maloto, adzakumbukira zomwe zidalipo ndipo azitha kunena zomwe adalota.
Kumbukirani, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe bungwe la Cornell ndi New York lidawonetsa kuti kukumana pamisonkhano imodzi kumatha kukulitsa kudzidalira, kuthetsa nkhawa komanso nkhawa, analemba Rambler.