Woyenda mozungulira wakayendayenda ku Australia
Pofufuza zakudya zabwino chaka chonse.
Amangoyang'ana apa ndi apo -
Kulikonse komwe amayenda pansi pa chitsogozo cha pansi.
"Munyamula chikwamacho pachabe."
Palibe mashopu, tsoka, mobisa!
- Osati chakudya, iye ndi wa mole,
Mmenemo ndimakwera anyamata.
Ndipo kukula, uzindithandiza
Yang'anani chakudya ndikuphwanya mayendedwe!
chithunzi chochokera pa intaneti
Marsupial mole ndi amtundu wa marsupials am'mgulu la anyani. Uwu ndi Australia yekha wamsanja wapansi panthaka.
Nyamazo zimakhala m'zipululu zamchenga, m'malo a mapiri am'mbali mwa mitsinje. Mutha kukumana ndi nyamayi kumpoto, kumpoto chakumadzulo, kumwera chakumadzulo ndi pakati pakati pa Australia.
Kutalika, thupi la munthu wamkulu wa marsupial limafikira 15-18 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchirawo kuchokera pa 1.2 mpaka 2.6 cm. Nyama imalemera magalamu 40-70.
Popeza nyama izi zimakonda kukumba china chake, chilengedwe chidawonetsetsa kuti zisawononge khungu lawo pankhope. Pachifukwa ichi, mbale ya nyanga yachikaso yowala ili pamphuno. Ndi chipangizochi, mole imakankhira pansi ndi mchenga mosavuta popanda kudzipweteka.
Miyendo yakumbuyo imagwira ntchito yoponyera pansi ndi mchenga chifukwa chake zopondera za miyendo iyi ndizosangalatsa.
Nyama iyi ikuyenda mwachangu, kuphatikiza apo, ndiwosokonekera, chifukwa chake, ngakhale akudziwa komwe moleyo akukumba dzenje pakadali pano, ndiye kuti sangayigwire.
Chakudyacho chimadzifunafuna chokha pamtunda komanso mobisa. Maziko ake amakhala ndi nyongolotsi, tizilombo touluka, mphutsi, zimatha kudya nyerere ndi pupae wawo. Ngakhale ndichilengedwe chake chaching'ono, nyamayi ndi yokoma kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, moleyu amatha nthawi yake yambiri kufunafuna chakudya chake.
Ana awiri amatha nthawi yomweyo kutulutsa chikwama.
Mu vivo, nyama iyi imatha kukhala zaka 1.5.
Moyo
Mawonekedwe obisika, mobisa omwe nthawi zina amabwera pansi, makamaka mvula ikagwa. Mizere yake imapezeka mumiyala yamchenga ndi dothi lamchenga m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Nyama zimagona mobisa.
Mole wopanga marsupial samapanga machitidwe okhazikika, popeza amalowetsa tinthu tambiri kumbuyo kwake. Chimawoneka ngati chikuyandama mumchenga. Mizere yake imakhala yakuya kwa 20 mpaka 100, kawirikawiri mpaka masentimita 250. Kusiyana kwa kutentha malinga ndi kumtunda kumatha kuyambira 15 ° C nthawi yozizira mpaka 35 ° C m'chilimwe.
Zochepa ndizodziwika pokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe pakufalitsa mitundu. Mwinanso kumakhala kwayekha. Sizikudziwika momwe amuna ndi akazi onse amapezana kuti akukwatirana. Mwina, izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi luso lawo labwino. Kuyankhulana pakati pa nyama payekha mwina kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mawu ocheperako.
Mawonekedwe
Marsupial moles ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi ma banja ena kotero kuti amagawidwa m'mabanja osiyana. Ali ndi thupi lamphamvu, lotupa lomwe limangokhala mchira wocheperako (12- 26 mm). Kutalika kwa thupi kumangokhala masentimita 15-18, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 40-70 g. Khosi limakhala lalifupi, ma vertebrae am'chiberekero asanu amakanikizika, ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa khosi. Mchira wake ndi wowuma kukhudza, wokhala ndi miyeso ya mphete ndi nsonga ya keratinized. Mawotchi apafupi komanso opindika asanu ndi oyenerera kukumba. Zovala zimapangidwa mosasinthika. Zala za III ndi IV zaatsogola zili ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zamakona atatu, mothandizidwa ndi mole kukumba pansi. Pamiyendo yakumbuyo, zopindika zimaphimbika, ndipo phazi limasinthidwa kuti litaye mchenga wokumbidwa. Chophimba cha tsitsi cha marsupial moles ndichopepuka, chofewa komanso chokongola. Mtundu wake umasintha kuchoka pamtundu wamtundu wakuda kukhala wamtambo wonyezimira komanso wagolide. Utoto wofiirira umapatsa chitsulo, chomwe chili ndi mchenga wofiira wam'chipululu cha Australia.
Mutu wama marsupial moles ndiung'ono, conical. Kumbali yakumaso kwa mphuno pali mbewa yachikasu yomwe imalola kuti moleyo ikankhire mchenga kumaso popanda kuwononga khungu. Mphuno ndizing'ono, zokhala ngati. Maso opindika (1 mm m'mimba mwake) obisika pansi pa khungu, alibe mandala ndi mwana, ndipo mitsempha ya Optic ndiyowoneka bwino. Komabe, mu ma marsupial mole, ma ducts amtundu wa lacrimal amapangika kwambiri - amamwetsa m'mphuno ndi kuteteza kuipitsa kwake ndi dziko lapansi. Palibe auricles akunja, koma pamakhala timiyendo tating'ono (pafupifupi 2 mm) pansi pa ubweya.
Chikwama chokhazikika cha marsupial moles ndichoperewera, chimatseguka, chomwe chimalepheretsa mchenga kuti usalowemo. Gawo losakwanira limagawa m'matumba awiri, iliyonse ndi nipple imodzi. Amuna amakhala ndi zipsera za thumba la ana - khola laling'ono pakhungu pamimba. Alibe scrotum, ma testes amapezeka m'mimba.
Marsupial Mole
Marsupial mole (Notoryctes) ndi mtundu wa nyama zomwe zimayamwa kwambiri marsupial ndipo ndizo zokha zofunikira kwambiri ku Australia zomwe zikutsogolera mawonekedwe apansi panthawiyi. Marsupial moles amakhala m'malo opezeka mchenga wamchigawo chapakati komanso kumpoto kwa Zap. Australia, ku Northern Square ndi kumwera kwa South Australia, nthawi zambiri amabwera pakati pa mapiri ndi mapiri a mitsinje.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mitundu ya marsupial moles:
* Notionctes typhlops.
* Notoryctes caurinus.
Amasiyana kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ena a thupi. Ngakhale kuti ma marsupial mole ankadziwika ndi aborigine kuyambira kale, adafika kwa asayansi okha mu 1888, pomwe woweta mwangozi adapeza nyama yogona pansi pa chitsamba.
M'mawonekedwe ndi moyo wawo, ma marsupial mole ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ma moles agolide aku Africa (Chrysochloridae), ngakhale si m'bale wawo. Kufanana kwawo ndi chitsanzo cha kulumikizana kwa nyama ya magulu osiyanasiyana, timadontho tambiri ta ku Australia kulibe, ndipo timadontho tosiyanasiyana tomwe timakhala mosiyanasiyana.
Marsupial moles amasiyana kwambiri ndi ammanja ena omwe amakhala m'mabanja ena. Amakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, lotupa lomwe limatha ndi mchira wake yaying'ono, kuyambira mamilimita 12 mpaka 26. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 15-18 okha, ndipo kulemera - 40-70 g. Khosi limakhala lalifupi, 5 ya khosi lachiberekero limapindika, ndikukulitsa khosi. Mchirawo umakhala wolimba kukhudza, wokhala ndi miyeso ya mphete ndi nsonga ya keratinized. Miyendo isanu yokhala ndi mikono isanu komanso yosinthika bwino kuti ikumbe. Zovala zimapangidwa mosasinthika. Zala za III ndi zinayi za kutsogolo zili ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zamkati, mothandizidwa ndi mole kukumba pansi. Pamiyendo yakumbuyo, zopindika zimaphimbika, ndipo phazi limasinthidwa kuti litaye mchenga wokumbidwa. Chophimba cha tsitsi cha marsupial moles ndichopepuka, chofewa komanso chokongola. Mtundu wake umasiyanasiyana kuyambira oyera mpaka pinki-bulauni ndi golide. Utoto wofiirira umapatsa chitsulo, chomwe chili ndi mchenga wofiirira wam'chipululu cha Australia.
Mutu wa marsupial moles ndi wocheperako, wopindika mawonekedwe, kumtunda kwa mphuno pali chingwe chooneka ngati dzuwa, chomwe chimathandiza kuti moleyo ikakankhira mchenga kumaso osavulaza khungu. Mphuno ndizing'ono, zokhala ngati. Maso opindika, 1 mm m'mimba mwake, obisika pansi pakhungu, alibe mandala ndi mwana, ndipo mitsempha ya optic ndiyowoneka bwino. Ngakhale ma marsupial mole apanga tinthu tambiri tambiri tambiri - amatithandiza kuthilira m'mphuno komanso kuletsa kuipitsa kwake ndi dziko lapansi. Palibe auricles akunja, komabe, pali zing'onozing'ono, pafupifupi mamilimita awiri, zotseguka zomvera pansi pa ubweya.
Chikwama chokhazikika cha marsupial moles ndichoperewera, chimatseguka, chomwe chimalepheretsa mchenga kuti usalowemo. Gawo losakwanira limagawika m'matumba awiri, iliyonse ndi nipple imodzi. Amuna amapatsidwa ukadaulo wamatumba a ana am'mimba - khungu laling'ono lopingasa pamimba. Alibe scrotum, testes ali m'mimba.
Pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimadziwika pokhudzana ndi kubereka kwa marsupial moles. Atatsala pang'ono kubereka, zazikazi zimakumbanso zingwe zakuya. Chifukwa ali ndi chikwama chokhala ndi "ma CD awiri", nthawi zambiri samabweretsa zosaposera ziwiri zokha.
Kuchokera nthawi yakukhwima, molekyu sachita kukumba mabowo akuya. Nthawi zambiri, amawoneka kuti "akusambira" pansi pamchenga, pamtunda wa masentimita 8 okha, nthawi zina amapita kupitirira mamita 2.5, pomwe akumakankhira dothi ndi mutu wake ndi kutsogolo kwake ndikuwuponyera kumbuyo ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Mphepo yam'mbuyo mwa molekayo siyikusungidwa, komabe, imakhala yofanana patatu pamchenga.
Mole wopanga marsupial amasuntha modabwitsa kwambiri komanso mwachangu - ndikutali kwambiri kuti asagwere mozama. M'mphuno mwake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chimanga chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mutu wake pakukula.
Modsupial mole imatsogolera mawonekedwe osakhala ndi moyo, imagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Nthawi zina imakumaniritsidwa pamtunda, makamaka ikagwa mvula. Imadyetsa, mobisa komanso pansi. Maziko ake amadyedwa ndi nyongolotsi, tizilombo (nkhandwe, kafadala, agulugufe) ndi mphutsi zawo, pupae wa nyerere. Mole wopanga marsupial ndiwowonekera bwino, ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali kufunafuna chakudya.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa molekyu ndi pafupifupi 1.5 g; kuchuluka kwa timadontho tosiyanasiyana sikudziwika. Akuyenera kuvutitsidwa ndi amphaka achifwamba, ankhandwe, ndi ma dingo, komanso chifukwa cha kugwa pansi pambuyo pakuthamanga ng'ombe ndikuthamanga. Ali mu ukapolo, samakhala nthawi yayitali, amabisidwa mwachilengedwe, pachifukwa ichi biology ndi chilengedwe chawo siziphunzitsidwa bwino.
Maubwenzi a phylogenetic a marsupial moles ndi marsupials ena sanadziwikebe bwinobwino. Kafukufuku wa ma cell omwe adachitika mu 1980 adawonetsa kuti alibe mgwirizano wapamtundu wina ndi magulu ena am'mabanja amakono ndipo, adadzipatula zaka zosakwana 50 miliyoni zapitazo. Ngakhale zina za morphological zikuwonetsa ubale wawo ndi bandicoots.
Mabowo apambuyo padziwikiratu kwa nyambo zam'madzi anapezeka mu 1985 m'malo a miyala yamtengo wapatali ku Queensland. Amachokera ku Miocene. Ngakhale, malinga ndi kukonzanso maziko anyengo, nyengo zakale zam'madzi sizinakhale m'chipululu, koma m'nkhalango zamvula, kukumba madutsa m'nkhalango.
Zina
Chiwerengero cha marsupial moles sichikudziwika. Zikuwoneka kuti, akuvutika ndi amphaka achifwamba, nkhandwe, ndi ma dingo, komanso dothi lanyumba pambuyo poyendetsa ng'ombe ndi magalimoto. Ali mu ukapolo, samakhala nthawi yayitali, amabisidwa mwachilengedwe, chifukwa chake chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe siziphunziridwa bwino.
Maubwenzi a phylogenetic a marsupial moles ndi marsupials ena sanadziwikebe bwinobwino. Kafukufuku wama molekyulu omwe adachitika mu 1980 adawonetsa kuti alibe ubale wapafupi ndi magulu ena amtunduwu wamakono ndipo, mwachidziwikire, adadzipatula zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo. Komabe, mawonekedwe ena a morphological akuwonetsa ubale wawo ndi bandicoots.
Mafupa a makolo a marsupial moles adapezeka mu 1985 m'malo a miyala yamtengo wapatali ku Queensland. Amachokera ku Miocene. Komabe, malinga ndi kukonzanso kwa nyengo, ma marsupial moles sanali kukhala m'chipululu, koma m'nkhalango zamvula, kukumba madutsa m'nkhalangozi.