Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (lat.) - amatanthauza mitundu ya nsomba za nkhosa zamphongo za banja la maapoasi, dongosolo la Catfish. Zolemba zoyambilira zapezeka kuyambira 1800. Malo okhala mwachilengedwe ndi madzi abwino. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chimapezeka m'madzi a Mekong ndi Chauphrai, ochepa m'mitsinje ya Thailand, Southeast Asia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam ndi Lake Tonle Sap.
Mwachilengedwe, umafika kutalika kwa masentimita 130 ndi kulemera kwa 44 kg. Shaki yamadzi oyera akhala akusodza kwazaka zambiri, zikwangwani zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mbale zambiri zakunja komanso kugulitsa kunja. Kukula kwa mitundu ina kumatha kufika mpaka 2.5 m.
Shaki za mu aquarium zimamveka bwino ngati mumapanga zonse zabwino. Kunja, ali ofanana kwambiri ndi shaki yolusa. Khungu pakathupi la shari wam'madzi ndi loonda komanso lopanda chofewa, lilibe mamba amafupa. Zipsepse ndi imvi kapena zakuda. Pa dorsal fin pali mitsitsi isanu ndi umodzi yamaumbidwe atatu. Maluso a caudal amakhala ndi mbali ziwiri; Mtundu wa shaki wachichepere ndi siliva, koma umakhala mumdima pakapita nthawi, motsatira mzerewo ndi zingwe ziwiri zomata zomwe zimasowa nsomba ikakula. Mutu wagundika, maso ndi okulirapo, awiriawiri mameyala. Pakamwa yayikulu yokhala ndi mano akuthwa, gawo lakumunsi ndi peritoneum ndi siliva. Kukula kwa thupi kumayambira masentimita 15 mpaka 50 masentimita m'madzi. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wazaka 10-15 ndi kupitilira.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nsomba zamadzimadzi
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus amasiyana osati wina ndi mnzake, komanso amakonda zomwe amakonda, kukula kwake, zizolowezi ndi chikhalidwe. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yokhala ndi vuto lalitali losungunuka:
- Shaki zazing'onoting'ono ndizochepa mpaka masentimita 25. Zamoyo zamtundu wina, zokhala ndi shaki mpaka 10, kukula kumafika mpaka 6 cm.Araarists amawawona ngati otchuka kwambiri pakati pa shaki zokongoletsera zam'madzi. Amakonda madzi ofunda. Amakhala ndi mano akuthwa. Amakonda kusangalala ndi cephalopods. Shaki imakhala ndi ziwalo zowunikira zomwe zimayang'ana m'munsi komanso kumbuyo kwa zipsepse ndi m'mimba. Ndi kusamalira bwino, kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 10.
- Nsomba zamkati, shaki kapena nsomba zamkati, nsomba yam'madzi yotchedwa shark, yomwe imakonda kwambiri nyama zomwe zimadya. M'malo achilengedwe amatha kutalika kwa 1.5 m, nyama zapakhomo zosaposa 60. Mwiniwake wamakhalidwe osangalatsa, amachita manyazi kwambiri ndipo amadzinamizira kuti wamwalira akakhala wamantha, koma pambuyo pa mphindi 20-30 zonse zimabwerenso. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti museke, ndikumakwiya kumamenya malinga ndi mizere ya m'madzi, zomwe zimatha kudzipangitsa ndekha.
- Shaki wakuda ndi wokongola, wachisomo. Gluttony, ngati akuwona kuti sakudyetsedwa, nthawi zina amayesa kuukira mnzake kuti adye. Ngati china chake chalakwika muufumu, nthawi yomweyo chimakhala chopepuka. Kulembera dzina kwa eniake kuti adziwe zifukwa zomwe sakonda. Shaki yakuda yamtundu iwiri - wokongola wosangalatsa, mwiniwake wa khungu lakuda la velvet wokhala ndi mchira wofiira wowala. Mwiniwake waukali komanso wamanyazi.
- Colfish shark catfish kapena siliva shark - nsomba yapadera, imakhala ndi kusokonekera, ndi njira yolankhulirana ndi abale m'madzi amatope. Zipsepsa zakumwambazi ndi zakupha, koma poizoniyo siwupha.
Kupeza shaki zamadzi zatsopano m'madzimo masiku ano zimawonedwa kuti ndi mafashoni. Popanga chisankho chotere, ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zofunika zingapo pokonzanso nsomba.
Shaki amakula msanga ndipo nthawi zina amatha kupitirira 60 cm, koma izi zimatengera mikhalidwe yomangidwa. Kuti mukhale malo abwino, kukula kwa aquarium kuyenera kukhala ndi chivundikiro chapamwamba, kuchuluka kwa malita osachepera 350, mtsogolo, kukonzekera kuwonjezeka. Pali mitundu yomwe imangokhala m'matumba okha ndipo imafunikira voliyumu ya malita 1200.
Kuti mukongoletse ufumu wa shark, ikani miyala yayikulu kwambiri yopanda lakuthwa, mabatani okongola, mitundu yonse yosanja. Pansi pa mchenga kapena yaying'ono, osati miyala yakuthwa, mbewu yokhala ndi mizu yopanga bwino kuzungulira makoma, mutha kukhalanso mumiphika ya dongo. Zinthu zonse zakuthwa komanso zopanda kanthu zimaperekedwa kunja, shaki imatha kuvulaza khungu.
Kutentha kwamadzi kwakukulu ndi 22 mpaka 28 ° C, kuuma kwamadzi ndi kuyambira 2 mpaka 20, pH 6.5 mpaka 8.0. Ganizirani milingo ya nitrate ndi ammonia. Sabata iliyonse, sinthani madzi kukhala 40% ya buku lonse. Shaki za Aquarium sizilekerera madzi akuda, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyika kusefa bwino. Pangani kutuluka bwino ndi pampu. Kumbukirani kuti shaki za nsomba zamkati ndi nsomba zina zazing'ono zam'madzi sizimagwirizana. Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zopumira.
Kudyetsa
Nsomba zamkati zamtundu wamtchire ndizowetchera, zachilengedwe zam'madzi sizimadya kwenikweni, zimadya chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka. Kwa ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri, mapuloteni ambiri ndi chakudya chamafuta amafunikira, shaki imangoyendayenda, imafunikira mphamvu zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cham'mera komanso nyama.
Mukakalamba, ziweto zimataya mano ndipo zimasanduka masamba. Dyetsani katatu patsiku, mutatenga pafupifupi mphindi 5.
Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chamagulu komanso osiyanasiyana.
- Som Pangasius amakonda nsomba zodwala, shrimp, squid, tizilombo, ndi mphutsi.
- Dyetsani akanadulidwa kapena nkhaka za grated, kabichi, zukini, mbatata.
- Zipatso zimadyedwanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
- Amakonda zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
- Amakonda kusangalala ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu.
Koma kumbukirani nthawi zonse kuti ndizosatheka kumwa mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zimabweretsa zomwe zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kufa. Zakudya zamagulu osiyanasiyana zitha kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera.
Shark Catfish Kugwirizana
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ndiosagwiritsika ntchito komanso yogwirizana ndi ena okhala m'madzimo ofanana. Mu chilengedwe mumakhala magulu akulu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusunga ndi nsomba zing'onozing'ono, chifukwa shaki pangasius imangowona nsomba zing'onozing'ono ngati chakudya.
Shark catfish imatha kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina, ndizoyenera:
- Cichlids.
- Zingwe zazikuru komanso zopanda mawonekedwe.
- Kalamoikhty.
- Labeo.
- Proportional polypteruses.
- Nsomba za Knife.
- Gourami ndi ena.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti shaki imakhala m'madzi apakati, motero woyandikana naye nyumba wapezeka, yemwe amakhala kumunsi.
Kuswana
Pakugonana, achinyamata ndi osatheka kusiyanitsa. Kutha kwa shark kumachitika ali ndi zaka zinayi, pomwe mkazi wamadzi abwino ndi opepuka komanso wamkulu kwambiri kuposa wamwamuna. Kuswana nsomba zam'madzi kunyumba ndizovuta ndipo mwina ndizosatheka. Ku Asia, nsomba zamamba amphaka zimabaidwa m'madzi kapena mumtsuko wamadzi.
M'malo achilengedwe, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimachokera mu Julayi mpaka Novembala, zimasunthira kumtunda, zimatulukira m'matumba am'madzi, zimayikira mazira 100,000. Maonekedwe a mwachangu amapezeka m'masiku 2-5, kenako Pangasianodon hypophthalmus amabwerera kumalo ake.
Shark Catfish matenda
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shark ndizobwera chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino, kudyetsedwa mosayenera, ndi madzi osakwanira kapena kukula kwa m'madzi. Musanapitirize chithandizo cha nsomba, ndikofunikira kuzindikira bwino matendawa ndikuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa mawonekedwe ake.
Matenda ofala kwambiri:
- Khola la m'madzi mu aquarium nthawi zambiri limatha kudzivulaza pomenya makoma kapena kuwonongeka ndi zinthu zokongoletsa. Pambuyo pake, zilonda pakhungu la shark yokongoletsa ndizotheka, mabala amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena wobiriwira wanzeru.
- Mlandu wa poizoni, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi njala kapena chakudya chama protein.
- Njala ya oxygen. Pangasius aquarium ili pafupi ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri nsomba za Catfish zimameza mpweya. Kwerani kwambiri aeration, kutentha pang'ono, onjezerani kuthamanga ndi fyuluta.
- Fin zowola. Kuwola zipsepsa nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mabakiteriya kapena chifukwa chakulumidwa ndi nsomba ina.
- Dropsy kapena bloating. Sinthani zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zamadzi.
- Ichthyophthyroidism kapena malo oyera - madzi osowa.
- Matenda a bowa kapena nkhungu ya nsomba - zophuka zoyera zofanana ndi nkhungu. Madzi akuda.
Pafupifupi matenda onse a nsomba amakhudzana ndi mtundu wamadzi, samalani. Ngati mukuwona kusintha kulikonse, chitachitapo kanthu mwachangu.
Malangizo
Tsatirani malamulo a chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro ndipo mudzatha kupewa mavuto ambiri, ndipo Pangasianodon hypophthalmus nthawi zonse imakhala yosatsutsika ndipo idzakuwonerani.
- Shark aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi zonse zofunikira.
- Osadyetsa ndi dzanja.
- Valani magolovesi oyeretsa.
- Mukasankha wina watsopano m'madzimo, gwiritsitsani padera kwakanthawi kuti mutsimikizire kukhala wathanzi.
- Ndikofunika kusunga nsomba zodwala nthawi yayitali, mpaka mutachira kwathunthu.
- Pezani mayeso angapo kuyeza mtundu wamadzi.
- Sambani mafuta nthawi zambiri.
Kumbukirani kuti udindo wa moyo wa nsomba zokoma izi, zomwe zimadalira inu mwachindunji.
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Kuti musawononge ziweto zanu kuti zikhale zopanda moyo m'malo opanda kanthu, komanso ngakhale m'malo osasangalala, muyenera kulabadira zomwe zalembedwazo.
Shaki zokongoletsera zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo zimafunikira chidwi chokha. Nayi malamulo wamba: