Erythrosonus hemigramus kapena tetra-firefly (lat. Hemigrammus erythrozonus gracilis) ndi nsomba yaying'ono yam'madzi kuchokera ku genus tetra, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi Mzere wokongola wowunikira m'thupi.

Gulu la nsomba izi limangodabwitsanso ngakhale katswiri wazambiri wazaka zam'madzi komanso wakhama kwambiri. Mukamakula, mtundu wa nsomba umayamba kutchuka kwambiri ndipo umakhala wokongola.

Iyi haracin imodzi mwa nsomba zam'madzi zamtendere kwambiri. Monga ma tetras ena, erythrosonus amamva bwino phukusi, kuchokera kwa anthu 6-7 komanso pamwambapa.

Amawoneka bwino kwambiri m'madzi wamba, okhala ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zamtendere.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Nsombayi idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Dubrin mu 1909. Amakhala ku South America, mumtsinje wa Essexibo. Essexibo ndiye mtsinje wawukulu kwambiri ku Gayana ndipo kutalika kwake pali mitundu yambiri ya ma biotopes.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka atakulungidwa kwambiri ndi misasa yamtsinje wamtsinje. Madzi a mumitsinje yopanda phokoso nthawi zambiri amakhala a bulauni amtundu wochokera kwa masamba owola komanso acidic kwambiri.

Amakhala m'masukulu ndipo amadya tizilombo komanso mphutsi zawo.

Pakadali pano, ndizosatheka kupeza nsomba zomwe zagwidwa munyengo zogulitsa. Nsomba zonse ndizoweta zakomweko.

Kufotokozera

Erythrosone ndi amodzi mwa ting'onoting'ono tating'ono. Amakula mpaka 4 cm, ndipo amakhala m'madzi kwa pafupifupi zaka 3-4.

Mwanjira zina, imakhala yofanana ndi neon yakuda, makamaka mzere wake wowunikira, koma izi ndi mtundu wina wa nsomba. Palibe zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pawo; neon wakuda amakhala ndi thupi lakuda, motero, erythrosonus ndi translucent.

Zovuta pazomwe zili

Ngati Aquarium ndiyabwino ndikuyambitsa bwino, koma erythrosonus imakhala mosavuta ndi woyamba.

Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso kubereka mophweka. Amakhala oyenerera bwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuyesa nthawi yoyamba kusodza nsomba.

Kusintha kwapadera muzomwe sizimasiyana, koma kumadyetsa zamitundu yonse yazodyetsa. Ndikwabwino kudyetsa kangapo patsiku, ndi chakudya chochepa, chifukwa nsomba sizabwino kwambiri.

Erythrosone m'chilengedwe

Kufotokozera koyamba kwama Kharatsinov awa kunaperekedwa ndi Dubrin mu 1909. Dzinalo loyambirira linali Hemigrammus gracilis, koma pambuyo pake nsomba zinasinthidwa.

Tsopano erythrosonus ndi Latin dzina Hemigrammus erythrozonus, ndipo mu English magwero angapezeke pansi pa dzina la Glowlight Tetra.

Malo okhala erythrosone amadziwika kuti ndi South America, kapena ngati umodzi wa mitsinje yayitali kwambiri komanso yayitali kwambiri - Essexibo, ikuyenda ku Guyana (ili ndi dera lomwe lili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa kontrakitala).

Tinsomba tating'ono, tating'ono, tomwe timadzaza mitsinje yambiri ndi madzi amtundu wakuda komanso acidic chifukwa cha masamba owola, amatenga mawonekedwe. Pali mitengo yambiri m'mphepete mwa masamba, masamba awo omwe amapanga chipinda chofiyira chomwe sichimawala. Nsomba zimakhala pagulu. Amadya tizilombo komanso mphutsi zake.

Ma tetras onse amoto omwe akugulitsidwa pano sanatengedwe mwachilengedwe. Zimawetedwa mwapadera pamafamu am'deralo. Europe idayamba kudziwa za erythrosonuses mu 1939, ndi Russia kokha mu 1957.

Kodi chimawoneka bwanji?

Awa ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zomwe sizimakula kwambiri kuposa 4-4.5 cm.Matupi awo amakhala amtali komanso opindika kuchokera kumbali. Erythrosone amawoneka wonenepa.

Corpuscle Imakhala ndi pichesi (silvery-peach), mtundu wonyezimira, wonyezimira kapena wachikasu.

Mimba wopepuka kuposa msana. Kuchokera kumutu kupita kum mchira, mzere wautali wamkati umadutsa. Mtundu wake ndi wofiyira ndi golide. Mzerewu ndiwofanana ndi mawonekedwe owala a nyali ya incandescent, chifukwa chake nsomba'yo imatchedwa Glowlight (gulugufe).

Kuwala kwapamwamba kumapangitsa kuti Mzerewo ukhale wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino. Timbra yoyaka ikufanana ndi neon yakuda chifukwa cha bwaloli, koma sangasokonezeke mwanjira iliyonse: neon ndi yakuda, ndipo nsomba izi ndizopepuka. Wachinyamatayo poyambilira amakhala wosakonzekera, koma ndi ukalamba zimawoneka kuti zikuuluka.

Anal fin Kutalika kuposa dorsal, ndipo mchirawo umakhala ndi lobili ziwiri. Zipsepse zonse ndizopepuka, koma malangizo awo ndi oyera ndipo amakhala ndi chingwe chofiyira kutsogolo kwa dorsal. Palinso mafuta. Maso owala a nsomba'zi ndiwodabwitsa: kumtunda kwa iris kwawo kumakhala ndi ubweya wowala, ndipo pansi ndi chithunzi cha buluu.

Akazi amatha kuzindikira kukula kwake komanso kukula kwam'mimba. Amuna, amakhala amphaka pang'ono ndipo kumapeto kwa zipsepere kumakhala utoto wowala.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa erythrosonuses pafupifupi zaka 3-4.

Khalidwe ndi Kufanana

Akatswiri amajambula erythrosonuses monga amtendere kwambiri pakati pa oimira ena a tetras. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri.

Zabwino kwambiri kwa izo ndi malo wamba am'madzi omwe amakhala mumsodzi wochezeka komanso wochezeka.

Kusiyira okha osavomerezeka, popeza akusambira. Ayenera kukhazikitsidwa m'magulu a anthu 6-7 kapena kuposerapo. Chifukwa chake sangazolowera malo awo okhala kumene mwachangu ndikumva bwino, komanso kuwoneka bwino kwambiri.

Anthu okhala nawo pafupi iwo amakhala onyamula, zebrafish, parsing, mitundu ina ya tetras. Ndizololedwa kukhala limodzi ndi mitundu yambiri ya gourami ndi tinthu tating'ono.

Kodi mungapangire bwanji malo oyakira moto?

Aquariumvoliyumu yake yomwe muyenera kukhala osachepera 60 malita. M'mabuku ena mumakhala zidziwitso kuti ngakhale malita 10 adzakwanira. Izi ndizongokomera gulu limodzi laling'ono la erythrosonuses. Mulimonsemo, lamulo la golide silinathetsedwe.

Madzi ofewa komanso wowawasa zokwanira nsomba izi, ngakhale kuti adazolowera kukhala munthawi zina. Ndikofunikira kuti ikhale yoyera komanso yopanda nitrate ndi ammonia. Zosefera labwino komanso kusintha kwakanthawi kwamadzi makumi atatu ndi atatu amathandiza pa izi. Magawo Olimbikitsidwa: kutentha 23-28 madigiri, acidity kuchokera 5.8 mpaka 7.5 ndi kuuma mkati mwa 2-15.

Kuwala. Kuwala kosasunthika. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito nyali zowala komanso mbewu zoyandama pamadzi.

Kudulira. Pansi ndibwino kuyika mchenga wamdambo wakuda, miyala yaying'ono ndi driftwood. Mutha (koma osafunikira) kuwonjezera masamba amtundu (thundu kapena beech) omwe amachititsa kuti mtunduwo ukhale utoto wa tiyi. Zonsezi zimatsanzira biotope yachilengedwe.

Zomera. Mothandizidwa ndi zomera zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala zazitali komanso zoyandama, muyenera kuyika mchenga m'madzi, kusiya malo osambira.

Momwe mungadyetse erythrosonuses?

Pankhaniyi, nsomba nazonso sizikukula. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yazodyetsa:

• live (nsonga zamwazi, daphnia, artemia),
• achisanu
• wochita kupanga ngati ma flakes kapena granules.

Chokhacho chomwe muyenera kuwongolera kukula kuti nsomba ziwame. Kupereka chakudya ndizochepa kangapo patsiku (2-3). Chakudya chomwe chidzakhale pansi, nsomba sizidya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndibwino kuchiza ziweto ndi zakudya zamasamba.

Kodi mungatenge bwanji ana kuchokera ku ma tetras amoto?

Izi nsomba zikutulutsa. Kulera kwawo ndikosavuta.

Kufalikira kuphika kaye. Madzi mkati mwake ayenera kukhala otentha madigiri 25-28, acidity 5.5-7, kuuma osaposa 6. Kutalika kwake ndi 15-20 cm.Zikhala zofunikira kukhazikitsa chofowoka kwambiri, koma chabwinoko chokha. Ndipo pangani dziwe ndi Javanese moss kapena mbewu zina zazing'ono zazing'ono.

Mu nazale nsomba zimayikidwa masiku asanu, zopangidwa ndi kugonana: zazikazi ndi zazimuna payokha. Kuchokera kuzakudya muwapatseni magazi-kakulidwe kakang'ono kapena daphnia wofiyira.

Chisankho cha makolo. Kenako, opanga amaikidwa pang'onopang'ono. Ndikwabwino kusankha chachimuna chowala kwambiri (ziwiri zotheka) ndi chachikazi chokwanira kwambiri. Kusuntha ndikofunikira kuchita madzulo. Amakhala nthawi zambiri (pafupifupi kangapo patsiku), kudyetsedwa mokwanira komanso mosiyanasiyana. M'mawa wotsatira, njira yayikulu imayamba.

Kufalikira. Kufunitsitsa kufalikiraat Zitha kutsimikizika ndi mayendedwe amphongo, omwe amatsata wamkazi, ndikuluma zipsepse, ndipo titero, amanjenjemera pamaso pake ndi thupi lake lonse. Pambuyo pa chiwonetsero chazifupi ichi, onse atembenuza miyendo yawo pansi ndikuwamasula caviar ndi mkaka. Kenako makolo ayenera kumangidwa.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi caviar. Samasamalirabe ana, koma amatha kuvulaza pakudya caviar. Tsitsani madzi mpaka masentimita 10. Ngati kubzala sikukonzekera, ndiye kuti ukonde woteteza uyenera kuyikiridwa pansi ndi mabowo omwe mazira adzadutsamo, koma nsomba siyingakwawa. Madzi pankhaniyi samachotsedwa.

Mchenga ndi chisamaliro chawo. Ana osadikirira nthawi yayitali: mphutsi zimaswa pakatha pafupifupi tsiku limodzi, ndipo mwachangu zimayamba kusambira patatha masiku atatu. Pakatha theka la mwezi, wachinyamata amapeza mtundu wa siliva, ndipo mzere wamtali pamthupi wawo umawonekera mu nsomba imodzi ndi theka yokha. Poyamba, mwachangu ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi ciliates ndi nematode, ndipo akamakula ayenera kusamutsidwa ku nauplii artemia.

Kukhwima kumachitika pazaka zapakati pa 6-8, zosakwana miyezi 10.

Monga mukuwonera, erythrosonuses ndiyosavuta kusamalira ndikuwonjezera. Ili ndi chisankho chabwino kwa iwo omwe sanapezebe chidziwitso chokwanira posamalira anthu okhala m'madzi, koma akufuna kuwona nsomba zokangalika. Gulu lokhazikika la ma tetras oyaka moto sidzangoyambitsa mavuto ambiri, koma amasangalatsa diso la mwini kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kudyetsa

Monga momwe zilili, erythrosonus amadziona kuti ndi wopanda chakudya. Chimakonda kudya chakudya chamoyo ndi chisanu, komanso chakudya chouma komanso cha zam'chitini. Koma ngati mukufuna granules, ndibwino kusinthana mitundu ya zakudya ndikuwapatsa nsomba kuti azisangalatsa. Kupanda kutero, tetra imazimiririka ndikukula bwino. Pazakudya zonse, nthawi zina onjezerani zakudya zamasamba kwa izo.

Dyetsani tetra moyenera katatu patsiku. Magawo sayenera kukhala akulu: poyamba, nsomba sizikususuka, ndipo chachiwiri, erythrosonus sakonda kwenikweni kukweza chakudya chomwe chagwera pansi.

Kuswana

Pansi pa malo a aquarium, kubereka erythrosonus sikudzakhala kovuta. Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kusiyanitsa pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi mimba yozungulira. Chingwe chimayamba kukhala chokhwima pofika miyezi 6 mpaka 10.

Kulera nsomba kumafuna malo ena okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 10 kapena kuposerapo. Mulingo wamadzi mu thankiyo uzikhala pafupifupi 20 cm. Pakuchepa, madzi amafunika kuti azikhala opepuka kuposa pozungulira - mpaka 5 °. Kutentha kumakwera mpaka madigiri 25-28. Madzi azikhala oyera, monga momwe mumakhala mu aquarium, mufunikira fyuluta ndi yoyatsira magetsi.

1. Kwa masiku angapo (nthawi zambiri 5-10), champhongo ndi chachikazi chimakhala m'malo osiyana siyana ndipo zimadyetsedwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Sikoyenera kuchita nawo kudyetsa: ngati mumamwa nsomba zochuluka, mwina sangathe kusiya ana.
2. Usiku, erythrosonuses amatumizidwa kukayambira mu aquarium. Akamaliza, ndikofunikira kuchotsa makolo nthawi yomweyo - chibadwa choteteza mazira sichimadzuka, ndipo akhoza kudya.
3. Pambuyo pochotsa opanga, aquarium yokhala ndi mazira imayenera kuchita khungu, osalola kuwala kowala kugwera mwachangu. Mulingo wamadzi umachepetsedwa mpaka 10 cm.

Tetra ikukula mwachangu. Kutalika kwa maola 48 pambuyo pake, mphutsi zidzaonekera, ndipo masiku 3-6, achangu akusambira, okhathamira okha. Kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu mu nyama zazing'ono, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito infusoria ndi ma rotifers.

Matenda

Pazaka pafupifupi zitatu, mawonekedwe ofiira owoneka bwino a erythrosonuses amayamba kuwonekera mwachangu. Koma nthawi imeneyi imatha kukhala yowopsa kwa nsomba - paliopseza matenda a neon. Matendawa amayambitsa kuthamanga kwa spistophore. Mawonetsero oyamba akupepuka thupi ndi mzere wofiyira. Zotsatira zake, utoto umatha. Mofanananso ndi izi, nsomba zimachepetsa, pali kuchepa kwa mgwirizano. Tsoka ilo, matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa, ndipo nsomba zodwala ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu momwe zimakhalira. Kuwona ukhondo mu m'madzimo, kukhalapo kwa fyuluta ndi kuthandizira kungathandize kupewa matenda.

Mphamvu ya erythrosonus mu aquarium, chifukwa cha ntchito, mphamvu zake ndi kuwala kwake, zimapereka malingaliro abwino komanso milandu ndi mphamvu yake yosagwa. Ndipo malo osamalidwa osavuta adzakulolani kuti musunge nsomba bwino, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zambiri mu aquarium.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

South America: Mtsinje wa Essexibo ku Western Guyana.

Essexibo ndi mtsinje wautali kwambiri wa Guyana woyenda biotopes ambiri. Zimapezeka m'miyala yosaya bwino ya mtsinje, makamaka m'malo a nkhalango. Madzi apa ndi amtundu wakuda, acidic komanso ofewa, okhala ndimatumba ambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowola.

Nsomba zonse zikulowa mu malonda, zimagona pamafamu ogulitsa kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Imatha kukhala mwamtendere ndi pafupi mitundu iliyonse yosakhala yankhanza. Oyandikana nawo abwino adzakhala amuna, rassbory, tetras, zebrafish, ndi catfish yaying'ono. Mwinanso okhutira ndi ma apistilone ndi ma cichlids amtundu wina, shrimps ndi mitundu ina ya gourami. Ma cichlids akulu amadzawona ngati chakudya.

Aquarium

Kukula kochepa masentimita 60 - malo okhala pansi pamadzi okwana 70 malita amatha kugawana bwino.

Zomera zobzalidwa pang'ono, mtundu uliwonse ungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Madera aulere azisiyidwa kuti azisambira. Zomera zoyandama zimaloledwa pamtunda kuti zilenge mthunzi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yamdima, nsomba zikuwoneka kuzimiririka pakuwala.

Kutsatira kwamalo otentha kumatha kupangidwa mwa kuyika Driftwood ndi masamba ena owuma a beech kapena masamba oak mu aquarium. Kuphatikiza kwa peat kuchotsa kudzamaliza kulenga kwa madzi amdambo otentha omwe amadziwika ndi nsomba izi.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mwachilengedwe, amadya phyto- ndi zooplankton, mphutsi zamtchire ndi ma invertebrates okhala m'madzi kapena kugwera momwemo.

Ndizosangalatsa, m'madzi am'madzi amatha kukhala ndi chakudya chouma, koma ngati nsomba zambiri, menyu wosiyanasiyana ndi woyenera, momwe mungakhalire ndi zakudya zachisanu.

Zolemba

Mtunduwu umatha kupezeka m'malo am'madzi ogulitsa ambiri, ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri zoyambira ku aquarium, kukhala wokongola, wolimba komanso wotsika mtengo. Popeza pafupifupi nsomba zonse zimadzala muukapolo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda ulemu pokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka madzi ndi chakudya.

Makhalidwe akunja

Nsomba za Firefly ndi anthu ochepa okhala ndi matupi amadzi okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 4. Chiyanjano cha thupi chimakhala chachitali, chokhotakhota mbali. Mtundu wa masikelo ndi siliva wokhala ndi pichesi, anthu omwe ali ndi masikelo obiriwira, abulauni, achikasu achikasu amapezekanso. Kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumapazi amkati kumadutsa kamphepo kamiyala yamagolide-ofiira. Chimafanana ndi nyali ya incandescent, pomwe nsomba idatchedwa dzina.

Kunja, kavalo wamkati akufanana ndi neon wakuda, koma mosiyana ndi iyo, tetra ndiyopepuka. Dorsal fin lalifupi kuposa anal, mchira umakhala ndi lobes ziwiri. Zitsamba zonse zimakhala ndi kamvekedwe kofiyira, zimakhala ndi kaso loyera. Kutsogolo kwa dorsal fin kumakhala ndi chingwe chofiira. Erythrosonus ili ndi maso okongola - kumtunda kwa chikope kumakhala kolowera ndi kufiyira, mbali yakumbuyo ndi ya buluu.

Yaikazi ndi yayikulu kukula kuposa yamphongo, imakhala ndi mimba yozungulira. Nsomba zamphongo, erythrosonus yam'mimba imapangika; m'mphepete mwa zipsezi, khungu loyeralo limakulanso. Ali mu ukapolo, erythrosonus amakhala zaka 3-4.

Flaming Tetra ndi nsomba yamtendere kwambiri, yogwira komanso yopatsa chidwi. Ikhoza kukhala mderali kapena mitundu yazinyama, kotero zomwe zili mkati ndizotheka ngakhale oyamba. Bola kukhazikika mu gulu la nsomba 6-8 ndi zina.

Onani gulu la erythrosonuses.

Momwe bwino, erythrosonus amakhala ndi nsomba monga: zebrafish, parsing, tetra, gourami, cichlids wamtunda. Simungathe kukhazikika ndi nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimasiyana mwamakhalidwe. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma cichlids akuluakulu, zakuthambo, golide, barba, ndi malupanga.

Malamulo Okhatikiza

Zowunikira ziyenera kusakanizidwa ndikuwala, gwiritsani ntchito nyali za 0.5 W fluorescent ndi zomera zoyandama.Kwa dothi, mchenga wamdima wakuda ndi woyenera, wokhala ndi miyala ndi mabatani ang'ono pansi. Mutha kugona pansi pamasamba a beech kapena thundu, omwe amapatsa madziwo kukhala oyera, osinthika mwachilengedwe. Masamba amafunika kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata.

Pakudya, erythrosonus ndi petemeling. Zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuperekedwa kwa nsomba: nsungu zam'magazi, brine shrimp, daphnia, masamba ndi granules. Mitundu ya chakudya iyenera kukhala yaying'ono kuti tetra imameze. Malamulo odyetserawa amakhala katatu pa tsiku. Mutha kupatsa zakudya zamasamba - masamba a dandelion otsekemera ndi madzi otentha.

Tayang'anani ndikuzimitsa moto woyandama mu aquarium.

Momwe mungasungire nsomba kunyumba

Amuna ndi amuna azikonzekera kutuluka mosiyana, kuwadyetsa mkaka wamlingo wapakatikati ndi daphnia yaying'ono yofiyira. Pambuyo pake, atha kukhazikitsidwa mu malo wamba omwe amakhala. Mutha kusankha amphongo awiri okhala ndi mamba owoneka bwino, komanso wamkazi wamkulu, wozungulira. Kuthamanga mu nazale kuli bwino madzulo. M'mawa, ntchito zonula zidzayamba.

Mwana wamwamuna akayamba kuthamangitsa wamkazi, ndikumuluma zipsepse, ndiye kuti wakonzeka kutuluka. Pambuyo pamasewera akukhwima, nsomba zimatembenuka m'mimba zawo, ndikutulutsa caviar ndi mkaka. Kenako, yaikazi ndi yaimuna imakonzekereratu. Makolo sasamalira ana, amatha kudya mazira. Mulingo wamadzi pakubowoleza umachepetsedwa mpaka 10cm. Ngati simukufuna kubzala opanga, ndiye kuti ikanipo gawo logulitsira ana ku nazale.

Pakangowaza kamodzi, mkazi amatha kumasula mazira 100-200 omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi kuwala. Amamera ndi mazira m'malo amdima. Pambuyo pa maola 24, mphutsi zachangu zimatha kuwaswa, ndikusambira masiku atatu. Pakatha masiku 15, mwachangu amapeza mtundu wa siliva, atakwanitsa miyezi 1.5 adzakhala ndi mzere wowoneka bwino. Kuyambitsa kudya ndi nematode, ciliates, pambuyo pake mutha kupatsa mphutsi za Artemia. Kuwala kwamtundu wam'madzi kumakhala nsomba zokhwima pazaka za 6-10 miyezi.