Ambuloma ya Marble
Gulu la asayansi

• Salamandra opaca Gravenhorst, 1807

Ambuloma ya Marble (lat. Ambystoma opacum) - mtundu wa ambistomaceous, wopezeka kum'mawa kwa United States.

Kufotokozera

Marble ambistoma ndi salamander wopangidwa bwino, wokhala ndi miyala yambiri. Mwa akazi mikwingwiru imakhala imvi, amuna ndi oyera. Anthu akuluakulu amakula mpaka 11 cm, omwe amafanizidwa pang'ono ndi oyimira ena amtunduwu. Monga ambistomite ambiri, amakhala mobisa, amakhala moyo wawo wonse pansi pa mitengo kapena m'maenje. Nthawi zambiri, nyamazi zimatha kuwoneka nthawi yakusamuka kwawo kupita kumadziwe, komwe zimabadwira.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

Malo oyembekezeredwa mochititsa kaso amapezeka kum'mawa kwa United States, kuyambira kumwera kwa New England mpaka kumpoto kwa Florida, kumadzulo mpaka Illinois ndi Texas. Anapezekanso ku New Hamphire, ngakhale anali anthu awiri okha omwe amapezeka kumeneko.

Amakhala m'nkhalangozi, m'malo okhala ndi dothi lofewa komanso lonyowa. Pobereketsa amafunika malo osefukira nthawi ndi nthawi, koma salamanders akuluakulu nthawi zambiri samalowa m'madzi.

Kufotokozera

Ambistomia ali ndi thupi lotopetsa, zopindika zowonda, mchira wazitali wozungulira, mutu waukulu, womwe maso ang'onoang'ono amakhala. Nthawi yomweyo, amphibians ali ndi mtundu wosangalatsa, momwe mitundu yowala imakhalapo. Zonsezi zimapangitsa nyama kukhala zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ziweto za aquarium.

Kutalika kwa thupi la ambisto siitali kwambiri, 10-20 cm.Woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wabanja - Tiger ambistoma, amatha kukula mpaka 28 cm. Chochititsa chidwi, pafupifupi theka la kutalika kumeneku kumagwera mchira.

Axolotl: zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe

Ma ambistomes ndi nyama zapamwamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphutsi zawo zimakhwima osakumana ndi metamorphosis. Pofika pa gawo la mphutsi, ma ambisome amatha kubereka.

Mphutsi iliyonse ya ambistoma yomwe imatha neoteny ndi Axolotl. Kukula kwawoko sikungokhala kokha poti amakula msanga, komanso poti atha kukhala pa gawo ili la chitukuko kwa nthawi yayitali. M'malo mwake, amasankha kusankha kukhala wamkulu kapena ayi.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Axolotl ali ndi kubadwanso kwatsopano. Mphutsi zimatha kukula miyendo iliyonse yotayika komanso ziwalo zina zamkati.

Salamanders
Ma salamanders ndi mtundu wa amphibians womata, wopangidwa ndi mitundu 7.

Oyang'anira
Ma Sirens ndi banja la ophibians opatsirana ophatikiza mitundu 4 yokha.

Ambistoma - kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, kapangidwe

Kunja, ambistoma ndi ofanana ndi ena amphibians ena - salamander, ndi kwawo ku America, komanso m'maiko angapo olankhula Chingerezi, amatchedwa mole salamander, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamoyo wa ambistomes umakhala mobisa.

Wa ambrisoma wamkulu ali ndi thupi lamphamvu, lopindika lomwe lili ndi mbali zazitali komanso mchira wautali womwe umakulungidwa pansi. Chikopa ndi chosalala, chopanda ukali. Miyendo yake ndi yochepa thupi komanso yochepa. Zatsogola zili ndi zala zinayi, miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala mikono isanu. Mutu ndiwotakata, wosalala, wamaso ang'ono.

Ma ambistos ambiri amakhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino ndi mitundu yolemera komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera kumabuluu amtambo kupita kumizeremizere yachikaso.

Anthu onse m'banjamo amakhala ndi ma concte vertebrae ndipo amadziwika chifukwa kulibe fupa lozungulira pakhungu. Mano a Palatine ndi osinthika.

Nthawi yayitali ya ambistoma imachokera zaka 10 kapena kupitilira.

Axolotl, kapena mphutsi ya ambistoma

Ma ambistomes apeza kutchuka chifukwa cha gawo lawo lopanda - axolotl, yomwe imayamba kukhwima pang'onopang'ono ndipo imatha kubereka osamaliza ndi metamorphosis komanso osatembenuka kukhala munthu wamkulu wachikulire. Zodabwitsazi zimatchedwa neoteny ndipo zimachitika makamaka ngati mphutsi zimayenera kukhala m'madziwe ozama ndi madzi ozizira. M'madzi osaya ndi otentha, metamorphosis yathunthu imachitika.

Nthawi zambiri, dzina "axolotl" limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphutsi za ambisoma waku Mexico. M'malo mwake, axolotl ndi mphutsi ya ambistoma iliyonse. Mukutanthauzira kwenikweni kuchokera ku zilankhulo za Aztec axolotl (axolotl) kumatanthauza "galu wamadzi (monster)", zomwe zili zowona. Chifukwa cha mutu waukulu wopanda pakamwa, pakamwa patali komanso maso ang'onoang'ono, zikuwoneka kuti axolotl imakhala ikumwetulira. Mpweya wakunja womwe umamatirira mbali, mitundu ina yoyimiriridwa ndi njira za nthambi, umakwaniritsa mawonekedwe osasangalatsa. Axolotls, monga mphutsi zina za amphibians osokoneza, ndi olusa, kuwonjezera apo, amatha kusinthanso ziwalo zowonongeka kapena zotayika za thupi, ngakhale ziwalo zamkati.

Kunyumba, kukhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira, axolotl imatha kusinthika kukhala amphibian pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopanga, pang'onopang'ono kusamutsa amphibian kumalo owuma kapena kuwonjezera mahomoni a thyroxine pachakudya chake.

Mitundu ya ambist, mayina ndi zithunzi

Ma biological systematics a ambistomia amawunikiridwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Ma ambusiti a genus akuphatikizapo mitundu ya 33, ambisito wamkulu wa genus amaphatikizapo mitundu 1 ndi mitundu ingapo. Lotsatira ndi kufotokoza kwa ena a iwo:

• Tiger Ambistoma(Ambystoma tigrinum)

Amakula mpaka masentimita 28, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira. Pali mitengo yokumbika 12 kumbali ya amphibian, ndipo khungu limatha kukhala la bulauni kapena labiriwira la azitona lokhala ndi mikwaso yachikasu kapena mawanga omwazika thupi lonse. Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zala zinayi, miyendo yakumbuyo - 5. Masana, agalu amabisalira m'matumbo, ndipo usiku amadya mphutsi ndi nyama pa mollusks ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Maxoloti ama ambisto tiger nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati nyama zam'madzi. Makamaka otchuka ndi maalubino - anthu omwe amabadwa ndi makungu, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi makina akunja ofiira owala. Tiger ambistoma amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, maiwe ndi mitsinje kuchokera kumpoto kwa Mexico kupita ku Canada.

• Ambuloma ya Marble(Ambystoma opacum)

Amasiyana pakhungu lolimba, komanso lonyowoka laimvi pathupi: m'makutu amuna otuwa kwambiri, amuna amuna oyera. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu wopendekera kumangokhala masentimita 106. Oyimira mitunduyi amakhala ndi moyo wachinsinsi m'malo obisika, m'nkhalango zonyowa, pakati pa masamba agwa, wobisala m'makola pansi pa mitengo yakugwa, ndipo amapezekanso nthawi zambiri m'maenje. Mphutsi zamalimba ammanda zimadutsa metamorphosis m'miyezi 2-6, kudya daphnia, cyclops, ndi zooplankton zina. Mitundu ikuluikulu imadyanso mazira a amphibians ena. Zakudya za anthu akuluakulu okonza marble zimakhala ndi milili, mphutsi ndi ma gastropod, kuphatikiza nkhono ndi ma slgs. Mosiyana ndi ambistos ena, ma ambistome am'madzi amtundu wagwa. Kukhazikika kwa malo opezeka miyala ya marble kumadutsa madera akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa US: kuyambira ku Connecticut ndi ku Florida kupita ku Texas ndi Illinois.

• Yellow Spotted Ambistoma(Ambystoma maculatum)

mitundu ya amphibians yaying'ono, yomwe ikukula mpaka 15-25 cm kutalika. Amphibian amasiyanitsidwa ndi khungu lakuda lomwe limakhala ndi mawanga achikaso owoneka bwino kumbuyo, ngakhale kuti zitsanzo zakuda zakuda zimapezeka. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi chinthu chodabwitsa: Oophila amblystomatis algae amakhazikika m'thupi la ambistoma ngakhale gawo la mazira, lomwe limapangitsa mazira ndi mazira obiriwira. Pazifukwa zosadziwika ndi sayansi, chitetezo cha nyama sichiyankha mwanjira iliyonse kukhalapo kwa nyama yakunja. Malo okhala malo owoneka bwino amakhala nthawi zambiri pansi pamadzi, ndipo amawonekera pamwamba pokhapokha ngati mvula. Amphibians amadya nyongolotsi, maulesi komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mitunduyi imafalikira kudera lakummawa kwa USA ndi Canada. Ambrisoma yachikaso yowoneka bwino ndi chizindikiro cha South Carolina.

• Ringed ambistoma(Ambystoma annulatum)

mitundu yophunzirira bwino, yomwe oimira amakhala nthawi yayitali m'misasa. Kutalika kwa ambistoma ndi masentimita 14-18. Mkulu wa amphiian amadya mphutsi, nkhono, ndi tizilombo. Mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala yochepa kwambiri komanso yosakanikirana ndi nkhalango za paini zomwe zili kumapiri kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa United States m'malo a Arkansas, Oklahoma ndi Missouri. Mlendo amakhala m'nkhalango, amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi dziwe laling'ono.

• Ambistoma wamutu wochepaiye zovala salamander(Ambystoma nsalu)

mtundu womwe udatchedwa dzina chifukwa chamutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi chopondera mulifupi. Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu kumayambira 10 mpaka 18 cm, 14-16 mtengo wamtengo wapatali umadutsa mbali. Amuna amakhala otsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi akazi kukula kwake ndipo amasiyana michira yomwe imapanikizika kwambiri pambuyo pake. Mtundu wa pakhungu umasiyana kuchokera pakuda mpaka imvi, kuwala kumbuyo ndi m'mbali kumakutidwa ndi mawanga asiliva. Zakudya za wamkulu wamutu wamfupi wapangidwa ndi tizilombo (agulugufe, akangaude, milili), komanso nyongolotsi, mavu ndi nkhono. Oimira nyamazo amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira pafupi ndi madzi abwino; anthu okhwima nthawi zina amapezeka m'malo otsetsereka. Mitunduyi imayambira ku Ohio, kudutsa ku Nebraska ndi Kentucky, njira yonse mpaka ku Gulf of Mexico.

• Spotted Blue Ambistoma(Ambystoma laterale)

ili ndi dzina chifukwa cha buluu wamtambo kapena wamtambo wophimba thupi la akulu. Kukula kwa toyesa tokhwima sikupitirira masentimita 8 mpaka 14. Amuna ndi ochepa kuposa akazi. Achinyamata omwe angomaliza kumene metamorphosis amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga achikaso kapena mikwingwirima kumbuyo kwawo, ngakhale khungu limatha kukhala lakuda kwathunthu. Ma ambistomes amapeza gwero lawo lalikulu la chakudya, ma invertebrates osiyanasiyana, masamba owonongeka, pansi pa mitengo ndi miyala. Malo okhala ndi malo okhala buluu amakonda nkhalango zonyowa, zotsika kwambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yosakanikirana, nthawi zina amakhala m'mapaki amumizinda, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mitunduyi imayambira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada, kudutsa ku New England mpaka ku Indiana ndi New Jersey.

• Mesh ambistoma(Ambystoma cingulatum)

imasiyanasiyana pamiyala yama siliva pamiyala yakuda kapena yakuda, yomwe imapezeka m'thupi lonse, kupatula pamimba. Mwa anthu ena, ma siliva a siliva amasinthidwa ndi mphete zowala kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa thupi la achikulire, polingalira mchira wake, ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 13. Matendawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nkhalango zakum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa US.

• Pacific Ambistoma (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

mitundu yamalonda akuluakulu okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 34. Nyanjayi imadutsa gawo la North America, kuphatikiza Canada, Washington, imafotokoza zigawo za Oregon ndi California. Amphibi amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, m'malo obisika. Amadyetsa timiyala tating'ono, mbewa ndi maula, ma amphibians ena, nkhono, ma slgs. Ma ambisomes aku Pacific amatha kukumba maenje akuya ndi ataliitali, komwe amabisalira ku kuwala ndi kutentha. Panthaŵi yangozi, nthawi zambiri amapanga mawu okweza ngati kalulu, ndipo amaluma kwambiri.

Kodi ma ambisiti amakhala kuti?

Nkhalango zowirira zokhala ndi dothi lofewa komanso zinyalala zokutira ndizo malo okondedwa a ambist. Oimira ambiri amtunduwu ali kumapeto kwa North America: mtunduwu umayambira kumwera kwa Canada, ndikuphatikiza gawo lakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Alaska ndi Mexico.

Ambistoma amakhala yekha, kumtunda, kumayandikira madzi okha nthawi yakubzala. Masana, mbalame zakuthambo zimabisala m'malo obisalamo pokumbira kapena nyama zina, ndikubisala usiku, kapena mvula ikayamba kugwa kapena chipale chofewa choyamba. Mitundu ina ya ambistos yozizira mumakola omwewo.

Kodi ambistoma amadya chiyani?

Mphutsi za Ambistome ndizowonekera kwambiri ndipo kuphatikiza pa zooplankton zosiyanasiyana (Daphnia, Bosmin, Cyclops), zimadya mazira a nsomba ndi abale awo. Chakudya cha anthu akuluakulu obisalamo omwe amakhala pamtunda chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma invertebrates ndi mphutsi zake: nyongolotsi, ziwala, zitini, maulesi, nkhono, milongoti, akangaude, kafadala. Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala zovuta, mwachilala, ambistoma imatha kukhala yopanda chakudya kwakanthawi, ikabisala m'malo ake okhalamo.

Kuzala wazembe

Pofuna kubereketsa, ma ambisiti amafunika madzi kapena malo osefukira nyengo yake, kuti nthawi yakukhwima ikamere anthu amatha kudziwa malo osamukira. Mitundu yambiri ya ambistois imaswana nthawi yamasika, koma ena amachita izi mu kugwa (ambaliwe ndi amiyala amiyala).

Amphongo amayala thumba lozungulira lomwe limakhala ndi chotupa, ndipo chachikazi chimatenga ngati cesspool, ndipo, chimayala matumba a caviar okhala ndi mazira angapo mpaka mazira 500 okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 2.6 mm.

Ambistoma caviar, woikidwa m'madzi ofunda, amakula mkati mwa masiku 19-50, kenako mphutsi kuchokera kutalika kwa 1,3 mpaka 1.7 masentimita.

Mphutsi zimapitiliza kukhala ndi moyo ndikupanga m'madzi kuyambira miyezi iwiri mpaka isanu ndi inayi, pomwe zipsepse ndi zipsinjo zimasokonekera pang'onopang'ono, maso awo amatha kutalika kwa zaka zambiri, mapapu amakula, ndipo thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu.

Ma ambistomes amapita kumtunda, amakula mpaka 8-8.6 masentimita, ndikukula kupitilira, kutsogolera moyo wokhazikika pamtunda.

Zachikazi zomwe zimaswana nthawi yophukira sizilowa m'madzi, koma zimayikira mazira m'malo otsika, omwe mu nthawi yachilimwe adzasefukira ndi madzi. Mazira amaikidwa m'zigawo pansi pa mitengo yakugwa ndi dothi loterera, m'maenje akang'ono. Nthawi yamvula, mphutsi zimaswa kugwa komweko, nthawi zina, zimabisala ndipo zidzabadwa nthawi yomweyo chisa chikadzasefukira.

Kugawa maram salamander.

Marble salamander amapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi kum'mawa konse kwa United States, ku Massachusetts, pakati pa Illinois, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Missouri ndi Oklahoma, kum'mawa kwa Texas, ndipo kumwera kumafikira ku Gulf of Mexico ndi gombe lakummawa. Sapezeka ku Florida Peninsula. Kuchulukana kumapezeka kum'mawa kwa Missouri, Central Illinois, Ohio, kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Indiana komanso m'mphepete chakumwera kwa Nyanja ya Michigan ndi Lake Erie.

Marble Salamander (Ambystoma opacum)

Ntchito zapa marum salamander.

Akuluakulu oyenda mozungulira omwe amakhala mozungulira amakhala m'nkhalangozi, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi dziwe kapena mitsinje. Ma salamanders amathanso amapezeka pamalo otsetsereka, koma osatalikirana ndi malo okhala. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yokhudzana, kubala kwa marble salamander sikuchitika m'madzi. Amapeza maiwe owuma, maiwe, dziwe ndi maenje, ndipo zazikazi zimayikira mazira pansi pa masamba. Mazira amakula ndikudzaza maiwe ndi dzenje ndi madzi mvula ikagwa. Kupanga kumakutidwa pang'ono ndi dothi, masamba, silt. M'malo ouma, ma salamanders amapezeka pamiyala ndi m'matanthwe pomwe pali matope amchenga. Akuluakulu amphibians amabisala pamtunda pansi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena mobisa.

Zizindikiro zakunja za maram salamander.

Marble salamander ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri m'banja Ambystomatidae. Akuluakulu amphibians amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 9 mpaka 10.7 Mtunduwu nthawi zina umatchedwa salamander ya tepi, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa matuwa oyera kapena oyera aimvi pamutu, kumbuyo ndi mchira. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi ndipo ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zasiliva. Panthawi yakubereketsa, mawanga amakhala oyera kwambiri ndipo tiziwoneka tambiri timene timayandikira.

Salamander mu chitukuko

Kubwezeretsedwa kwa mafuta a marble salamander.

Malamander a marble amakhala ndi nyengo yachilendo kwambiri yoswana. M'malo moyikira mazira m'madziwe kapena m'madziwe ena m'miyezi yotentha, salamander ya marble imagwera pansi. Amuna akakumana ndi wamkazi, nthawi zambiri amayenda mozungulira ndi iye. Kenako yamphongo imapinda mchira wake m'madzi ndikukweza thupi. Pambuyo pa izi, amafalitsa ma spermatophore pansi, ndipo wamkazi amatenga cesspool.

Akakhwima, wamkazi amapita kumalo osungira ndikusankha kupsinjika pang'ono pansi.

Malo omanga nthawi zambiri amakhala pagombe la dziwe kapena pouma pouma, nthawi zina chisa chimakhala pamalo osungirako kwakanthawi. M'matumba a mazira 50 mpaka zana, njirayo imakhala pafupi ndi dzira ndikuonetsetsa kuti imakhalabe yonyowa. Mvula ikangoyamba, mazira amakula, mvula ikagwa, mazira amakhalabe matalala m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ngati matenthedwe satsika kwambiri, ndiye mpaka nthawi yamasika.

Kuchokera mazira amawoneka mphutsi za utoto wamtali 1 cm, amakula mwachangu, amadyetsa zooplankton. Mphutsi zadyanso zimadyanso mphutsi za amphibians ena ndi mazira. Nthawi yomwe metamorphosis imachitika zimadalira malo. Mphutsi zomwe zimapezeka kumwera zimadutsa matendawa m'miyezi iwiri yokha; zomwe zimayambira kumpoto zimasintha kuchokera miyezi isanu ndi itatu mpaka isanu ndi inayi. Ma salamanders achichepere oyenda pang'ono ali pafupifupi 5 cm, ndipo amatha kutha msinkhu ali ndi miyezi pafupifupi 15.

Kulakwitsa kwa mafuta a salamander.

Khalidwe la marble salamander.

Marble salamanders ndi payekha amphibians. Nthawi zambiri amabisala pansi pa masamba agwa kapena pansi pamadzi akuya mpaka mita imodzi. Nthawi zina, akuluakulu salamanders amabisala kwa zilombo pabowo limodzi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala okwiyirana wina ndi mnzake pakalibe chakudya chokwanira. Akazi ndi amuna ambiri amakumana nthawi yakuswana. Amuna nthawi zambiri amawonekera koyamba kumalo osungira, pafupi sabata imodzi asanakhale akazi.

Mayendedwe amoyo

Akuluakulu amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mtunda, masamba agwa, koma nthawi yakubzala amabwera pamwamba usiku. Akuluakulu amabwera pamwamba makamaka nyengo yamvula komanso / kapena pomwe chipale chofunda choyambirira chikugwa. Fotokozerani kugwa, nthawi zambiri kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Disembala. Akazi amaikira mazira m'magulu a zidutswa zosakwana 120 pansi pa mitengo kapena m'nkhalango zam'mera m'malo otsika, omwe amatha kusefukira nthawi yamvula. Yaikazi imakumba kakang'ono ka chinyezi m'dothi lofewa ndikuyika mazira pamenepo. Ngati mvula ivumba, ndiye kuti mphutsi zimaswa mumalimwe kapena nthawi yachisanu. Komabe, zimatha kupitilira nthawi yayitali kuti zizikoloweka mchaka chokha. Mphutsi zimaswa pambuyo poti chisa chasefukira. Ali ndi mwayi pamakulidwe aku Jefferson salamander ndi salamander owoneka, pomwe amayamba kudyetsa ndikukula miyezi ingapo m'mbuyomu. Mphutsi za ma marble ambistomes nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi metamorphosis ali ndi miyezi 2 kum'mwera kwa masanjidwewo, koma kumpoto kwa mtunduwu amatha kukhala mphutsi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Monga mitundu ina yamtunduwu, ma ambrisomes ammadzi amakhala nthawi yayitali, zaka 8-10 kapena kuposerapo (Taylor ndi Scott, 1997).

Zakudya za marble salamander.

Marble salamander, ngakhale ali ndi thupi laling'ono, amadyera okonda kudya, kudya chakudya chochuluka. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono, tizilombo, mavu, nkhono.

Marble salamander amasaka kokha kusuntha nyama, amakopeka ndi kununkhira kwa wozunzidwayo, samadyera nyama zovunda.

Mphutsi za marble salamanders nawonso ndi adani olimbirana, amalamulira m'madzi opanda kanthawi. Amadya zooplankton (makamaka papepods ndi cladocerans) atangoyamba kutuluka mazira. Pamene akukula, amasinthana ndi kudya ma crustaceans akuluakulu (isopods, shrimps yaying'ono), tizilombo, nkhono, nyongolotsi zazing'ono, amphibian caviar, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kudya salamanders ang'onoang'ono oyala. M'madziwe amtchire, mphutsi zomwe zikukula za ma maram salam zimadya mbozi zomwe zalowa m'madzi. Ma salamanders osakira nyama amasakidwa ndi zilombo zosiyanasiyana zamitchiyi (njoka, ma fodya, owomba, masoka, ma skunki, oboola). Tizilombo ta poizoni tomwe tili mchira timateteza ku matenda.

Mkhalidwe wosamala wa marble salamander.

Marble Salamander Wokhala Pangozi ndi Dipatimenti ya Zachilengedwe ku Michigan. M'malo ena, amtundu wa amphibian omwe samawopa kwambiri ndipo akhoza kukhala woimirira wamba wa amphibians. Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN ulibe chilichonse chosungira.

Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mabulangeti ammadzi m'mbali mwa nyanja yayikulu mwina chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo okhala, koma zotulukapo za kuchuluka kwa kutentha padziko lonse lapansi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchepa kwa chiwerengero.

Ziwopsezo zazikulu mdera limaphatikizapo kudula mitengo mwachangu komwe kumawononga osati mitengo yayitali chabe, komanso chidutswa, kutayidwa kwa nkhalango, ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yokhala m'malo ozungulira. Nyumbayi imawonongeka ndikuwonongeka kudzera munthaka zonyowa, mapangidwe am'madzi a salamander amawonekera, omwe pamapeto pake angayambitse gawo loyipa la mitanda yokhudzana kwambiri ndikuchepa kwa kubereka ndi kubereka kwa mitunduyo.

Ma salamanders a Marble, monga nyama zina zambiri, akhoza kutayika mtsogolomo ngati mtundu wa gulu la amphibian, chifukwa chotaya malo. Mtunduwu ndi mutu wamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo njira yogulitsayo pakadali pano silingafanane ndi malamulo. Njira zodzitetezera zofunika kumalo okhala ma salamanders zimaphatikizapo kuteteza mayiwe ndi nkhalango zoyandikana, mkati mwa osachepera 200-250 metres kuchokera pamadzi, kuphatikiza, ndikofunikira kuyimitsa kugawidwa kwa nkhalangoyi.

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