Ufumu: Nyama (Animalia).
Mtundu: Chordata (Chordata).
Class: Repitles (Reptilia).
Dongosolo: Scaly (squamata).
Banja: chakudya chamadzulo (Colubridae).
Mtundu: Njoka za Feline (Telescopus).
Mitundu: Njoka yamphaka wamba (Telescopus fallax).
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Ku Russia, njoka yamphaka imakhala m'malo amodzi - pagombe la Caspian ku Dagestan. Njoka zamphaka padziko lonse lapansi ndizochulukirapo ndipo zimaphatikizapo dera kumpoto kwa Italiya mpaka ku Iraq ndi Caucasus. Zambiri zimagwera pagombe la nyanja ya Mediterranean komanso Peninsula ya Balkan. Njoka yamphaka imapezekanso kuzilumba za Krete ndi Malta. Imakhala kum'mwera kwa Turkey, Israel ndi Syria, zomwe nthawi zina zimapezeka ku Georgia ndi Armenia. Kwa moyo wonse, njokayo imasankha malo otsetsereka ndi malo ochepa, okhala ndi mabwinja, nthawi zina amakwawa m'nyumba zomwe zinasiyidwa, akukwera m'mapiri mpaka 1800m pamwamba pamadzi.
Zizindikiro zakunja
Njoka yamphaka imakhala yotalikilapo, munthu m'modzi yekha amafikira mita 1. Mutu umakhala wowumbidwa, wowuma bwino mthupi ndi khosi. Thupi limapanikizika pang'ono pambuyo pake. Utoto wake ndi imvi lowala kapena wachikasu, nthawi zina wokhala ndi ma pinki. Masamba akuda angapo amadutsa kumbuyo, malo omwe ali opepuka kuposa mbali. Mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi ndi mawanga ang'ono ndi mikwingwirima. Mbali yam'munsi ya mutu ndi m'mimba yake ndi yopepuka, ili ndi malo ambiri akuda. Mzere wina wakuda uli pamutu kuyambira pamphepete pakamwa mpaka m'maso. Mwa anthu ena, njira yakudayo ndiyosakhalitsa kapena palibe.
Mtundu wa imvi umakhala wakuda kwambiri pakhungu la njoka yamphaka
Moyo
Njoka yamphaka imatsogolera moyo wachisangalalo, nthawi yotentha nthawi zina imagwira ntchito usiku ndi m'mawa. Potentha, amakonda kubisala m'malo ozizira pansi pa miyala, mitengo youma kapena pansi pa khungwa, komanso m'miyala yamiyala.
Chinanso chomwe chimachita njoka yamphaka ndi kutha kukwawa pamalo owongoka komanso patchire ndikukhazikika pam nthambi. Amasaka nthawi zambiri kwa makoswe ang'ono, abuluzi ndi geckos, nthawi zina amadya anapiye.
Njokayo imatuluka mu hibernation mkatikati mwa Marichi. Chakumapeto kwaJune - koyambirira kwa Julayi, zazikazi zimayikira mazira asanu mpaka asanu ndi anayi, omwe kukula kwachinyamata kumawonekera mu Seputembala. Njoka yamphaka imanyamuka nthawi yozizira mu Okutobala.
Mu Buku Lofiira la Russia
Ku Russia, pali gawo laling'ono chabe lokhalamo njoka yamphaka wamba, chifukwa chake, ngakhale likufalikira kwambiri, ndizosowa kwambiri pano.
Ndipo popanda chimenecho, anthu ochepa owonongera nthawi zambiri amawonongedwa ndi anthu am'deralo, omwe amasokoneza ndi chowonjezera. Magalimoto ndi omwe amabweretsanso imfa: kukula kosalephera kwa msewu wamsewu kumapangitsa kuti njoka zizitha kugwera pansi pa magudumu a magalimoto. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa chilengedwe cha anthu m'malo achilengedwe kungathandizire kuti mitundu yonse ya zinthu ku Russia ithe. Zabodza zokhazokha pakati pa anthu am'deralo komanso kuswana kwanyumba ndizomwe zimapulumutsa njoka yamphaka.
Ndizosangalatsa
Njokayo idatchedwa kuti feline chifukwa maso ake - chikasu chachikasu ndi mwana wa mawonekedwe ofukula - ali ofanana kwambiri ndi feline. Powopseza, njoka yamphaka imasonkhanitsa kumbuyo kwa thupi kuti ikhale mpira wolimba motero imapanga holcrum, yomwe imaloleza kuti ikwere pansi. Chifukwa cha njira yosavuta yotereyi, amatha kufikira munthu wovutayo. Kukulunga ndi kulimba ndi kulanda mbewa yake, njoka imakupha, nthawi zina kumasula mano owopsa. Popeza zazikulu kwambiri zonse zili pafupi ndi kumbuyo kwa nsagwada yapamwamba, njoka yamphaka imatha kuyambitsa poizoni m'thupi la nyama zazing'ono, zomwe zimayikidwa mkamwa mwake. Kwa anthu, poizoni wake siowopsa.
Kufotokozera
Njoka imeneyi singatchulidwe kuti yayikulu, kukula kwake ndi kofanana ndi njoka wamba. Kutalika kwa njoka yamphaka pafupifupi masentimita 70. Ngakhale tsiku lina njoka masentimita 81 yayitali anagwidwa. Thupi lake ndi labwino kwambiri, losalala. Cholinga chogwirizana komanso chisomo chapadera ndizowombera pang'ono. Kulumikizana kwachiberekero kumatchulidwanso; kumazindikiritsa mutu wa njoka m'thupi.
Mtundu wa mphiri yamphaka umakonda kukhala imvi. Pali zodzikongoletsera zamtundu wamtundu wamtambo pang'ono wamtambo wamtambo komanso mtundu wa pinki. Khungu la njokayo limakutidwa ndi mawanga bulauni kapena lakuda, ndipo mikwingwirima yopingasa imakhala mbali. Mwa anthu ena, amatchulidwa, pomwe ena sakhalapo. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka, yokutidwa ndi timadontho tating'ono. Pamutu pali zishango zomwe zimapezeka mozungulira. Malo apansi pamutu wa woimirayu ndi oyera kale. Pakamwa ndi maso ndizolumikizidwa ndi chingwe chakuda.
Mbali yayikulu ya njoka ndi maso ake. Ndi chifukwa cha ana owerengeka okhazikika omwe mitundu yamtunduwu imadzipatsa dzina.
Habitat
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mu Red Book of Russia njoka yamphaka imakhala m'malo apadera, chifukwa m'dziko lathu limapezeka ku Republic of Dagestan kokha. Ambiri mwa obwezeretsawa amakhala ku Asia Little, kumayiko monga Syria, Turkey, Iran, ndi Israel. Mutha kukumana nawo ku Caucasus - ku Georgia, Armenia ndi Azerbaijan, Middle East, ndi Mediterranean. Amakhala kuzilumba za Aegean.
Kodi njoka zamphaka zimadzisankhira malo ati? Amakonda malo otsetsereka a mapiri, okhala ndi tchire kapena udzu, amakonda nkhalango zamapiri. Njoka izi zimamva bwino mu chipululu. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi kutalika kosaposa 1800 metres kuposa nyanja. Njoka izi zimayenda modabwitsa pakati pa nthambi zamitengo, zimakwera malo otsetsereka kumapiri, kwinaku zikumamatira kumapiri osawonekera.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva dzina lina la njoka - "brownies". Izi ndichifukwa choti amakhala pafupi ndi munthu: m'malo apamwamba, madenga a nyumba, makhoma osweka, minda yazipatso ndi minda yamphesa.
Kodi njoka yamphaka imakhala kuti?
Njoka izi zimakhala ku Asia Minor, Caucasus, Middle East ndi Mediterranean. M'dziko lathu, amadziwika kuchokera ku Dagestan. Malo okhala njoka ndi malo otseguka kumapiri. Zimapezeka m'malo otsetsereka ndi zomera, m'chipululu, m'mphepete mwa mapiri komanso kunja kwa nkhalango zamapiri.
Njoka izi zimakhala pamalo okwera mpaka 1800 metres. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi munthu - ming'alu ya nyumba zosiyanasiyana, m'makona a nyumba, m'minda ya mpesa ndi minda yazipatso. Omwe nthawi zambiri amatcha njoka za "feline" njoka.
Njoka zamphaka zimakonda malo okwera.
Njoka yamphaka imakwera miyala, mitengo, tchire ndi makoma. Amamatira miyendo ya thupi lake pazinthu zazing'ono zazing'ono, potero amagwiritsitsa magawo.
Kodi njoka yamphaka imadya chiyani?
Zakudya za njoka zamphaka makamaka zimakhala ndi abuluzi. Njokayo imagwira buluzi ndi nsagwada zake,, ndikuigwira, ndikudzipukusa mozungulira. Njoka izi sizimazungulira wovutikazo chifukwa zimayesetsa kubwezeretsa mpaka kuti zife chifukwa cha poizoni. Poizoniyu amapezeka m'miyala yam'mano ya njoka, yomwe ili pakamwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti aphe wovulalayo, njokayo imayenera kutsegula pakamwa pake mwamphamvu, pokhapokha ngati atha kutsata mano kulowa mthupi lake.
Poizoni amayamba kukhudza buluzi pakatha mphindi 2-3. Mphaka zamphaka zimasaka usiku, kusanthula m'malo obisalako abuluzi ndikupha omwe akugona. Njoka izi zakhala ndi dzina chifukwa zimasambira mwakachetechete, monga amphaka, zimakhala ndi ana osinthasintha ndipo zimagwira usiku. Njoka zamphaka zimangodya osati abuluzi okha, komanso anapiye, omwe amakhala ndi zisa zokhala ndi mbewa.
Njoka zamphaka nthawi zambiri zimawononga zisa za mbalame.
Kubalira njoka zamphaka
Mukama kubereka, njoka izi zimayikira mazira; pansi wamkazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zidutswa za 8-9. Makanda obadwa kumene, komanso achikulire, amadya abuluzi, koma ang'onoang'ono.
Malo okhala pagawo ladzikoli ndi ochepa kwambiri, motero, kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa ndizochepa, chifukwa chake ku Russia njoka izi zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Zakudya
M'makina a njoka iyi, mwachitsanzo, mumakopu, abuluzi amapita patsogolo. Nyamayi imagwira nyama ndi kamwa yake, ndikuukulunga mozungulira. Komabe, njoka zamphaka sizimazungulira wovutikazo, koma dikirani kuti poizoniyo agwire ntchito. Mwa njira, mano owopsa amakhala mkati mokwanira mkamwa mwa njoka, chifukwa chake ngakhale wocheperako amatha kukhalavuto lalikulu - zibwezerezi zimangotsegula pakamwa pawo kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake njoka zamphaka ndizotetezeka kwathunthu kwa anthu, kuchuluka komwe angachite ndikuluma chala chaching'ono. Ndipo pamenepa, adzafunika kumeza chala chake! Ngakhale mutakumana ndi zotere simungadandaule, chifukwa poizoni wa njoka uyu ndiwofooka kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri nthumwi za mitundu yapadera imeneyi zimasaka nyama usiku. Amayang'anitsitsa malo omwe abuluzi amakhala ndipo amawukira zodzala. Pambuyo pake, gawo lovuta kwambiri limayamba: njokayo imayenera kugwira buluzi kwa mphindi zitatu - munthawi iyi poyizoni ayamba kuchita.
Zakudya zam'madzi zoterezi palinso anapiye a mbalame zazing'ono. Njoka zamphaka zimakwera mitengo moyenera ndipo zimatha kuwononga zisa.
Chiwerengero
Asayansi sanathe kudziwa kuti njoka zamtundu wanji, zomwe zimatchedwanso njoka za Caucasan, zimakhala kudera la Russia. Amadziwika kuti ku Armenia kuli anthu pafupifupi 500.
Ku Russia, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa njoka ndizogwidwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwawo, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala. Kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha anthu, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa ntchito, ndikufotokozera kufunikira kwa kuteteza zapamtunda. Kubzala mwaukadaulo kwa nthumwi zamitundu yosiyanayi kungathandizenso.
Achibale a mphaka wamphaka
Njoka yamphaka (mu Latin Telescopus fallax) - mtundu wa njoka kuchokera ku mtundu womwewo kuchokera kubanja lomwelo. Kunena zowona, mitundu yomwe yafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi imatchedwa Caucasian, kapena njoka yamphaka wamba.
Mitundu ya njoka zamphaka imayimiriridwa m'gawo la USSR wakale ndi mtundu wina - njoka yamphaka ya Iranian imakhala kumwera kwa Turkmenistan. Pazonse, mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 12.
Mphaka yamphaka panthawi yakuukira, chilumba cha Borneo. Mitundu siyikudziwika.
Njoka yamphaka yaku Namibia.
Kenya njoka yamphaka.