Euglena wobiriwira * Zosangalatsa

Send

Euglena wobiriwira (Euglena viridis) ndi protozoan wa m'modzi yekhayo wa mtundu wa Euglena wa gulu la flagellate mtundu wa sarcomastigophora. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zochizira nyama, euglena wobiriwira amaphatikizidwa m'gulu la nyama - chomera flagella (phyto-flagellates). Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti zobiriwira za euglena ndizomwe zimayimira mwanjira yachilengedwe ya euglena algae.

Ma protozoa amenewa amakhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi akuda kwambiri - maenje, madambo, zimbudzi, matupi a madzi owala. Nthawi zina zobiriwira za euglena zimapezeka m'malo osungira oyera, abwino komanso mchere.

Dera la Euglena linalandira mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umapatsa thupi chromatophores. Ngati titaunika euglena wobiriwira pansi pa ma microscope, zimadziwika kuti khungu la euglena wobiriwira limakhala ndi fusiform oblong mawonekedwe, kukula kwake ndi kocheperako kuposa amoeba wamba (0.05-0.06 mm). Pansi pa nembanemba pali cytoplasm yokhala ndi maanoano ndi ma nucleus akulu imodzi. Danga lakunja kwa cytoplasm limapangidwa, kotero kuti mawonekedwe a cell amatha kusintha mkati mwa malire ena - pang'ono pang'ono, pomwe khungu limakhala lalifupi komanso lalifupi. Diso lowoneka bwino m'mphepete mwake lakunja limawonekera bwino m'thupi la munthu. Pafupi ndi pomwepo ndi flagellum, mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe kamene kamayendera komwe euglena kobiriwira kamayenda. Katemera wa contractile amakhala pafupi ndi maso owoneka ndi maso, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusintha (kumasula thupi kumadzi owonjezera). Ma chromatophores mthupi la munthu amakhala owumbika ndipo amakonzedwa bwino.

Chizindikiro cha euglena wobiriwira ndikuti mumapangidwe ake ndikuchita zomwe mawonekedwe a mbewu ndi nyama amaphatikizidwa. Izi zikuwonetsa chiyambi chodziwika bwino cha zolengedwa ndi nyama pazamoyo. Chifukwa chake, zakudya za mixotrophic zimadziwika ndi euglena, ndiko kuti, imatha kukhala ndi mtundu wa zakudya za hetotrophic ndi heterotrophic chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa khungu la chloroplasts ndi chlorophyll. Photosynthesis imachitika mu mawonekedwe a chiwalitsiro chabwino mu chloroplasts. Koma ndikakhala nthawi yayitali yobiriwira m'magulu okhala ndi kuwala kosawoneka bwino, khungu lake limawoneka ngati "discolor" chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chlorophyll mu chloroplasts. Euglena amakhala wobiriwira kapena wowonekera. Chosavuta kwambiri chimapita ku mtundu wa zakudya wa heterotrophic, womwe umatenga zinthu zachilengedwe zosungunuka m'madzi. Euglena ikalowa m'malo owunikiridwa, njira zonse za zakudya zapamwamba za autotrophic zimabwezeretseka.

Mukuwala chifukwa cha photosynthesis m'thupi la zobiriwira zobiriwira, michere yosungirako imapangidwa, yofanana ndi mawonekedwe ake. Izi zimayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a mbewu mu cytoplasm ya cell.

Chifukwa chake, mu thupi la euglena wobiriwira, ntchito monga zakudya, kupuma, chimbudzi, photosynthesis, ndi kubereka zimachitika. Kubweretsanso kwa zolengedwa zamtunduwu ndi euglenic asexally - mwakugawa khungu pakati, mosiyana ndi ciliates-slipper, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi kugonana. Ndikapangidwanso mwachangu anthu ambiri obiriwira a euglena, otuwa, ofiira kapena obiriwira a matupi amadzi amawonekera.

Anatomy ndi physiology

Kutalika kwa thupi 50-60 ma micrometer, m'lifupi 14-18 micrometer. Thupi limakhala lokwera, kumapeto kwa kutsogoloku kumakhala flagellum imodzi yayitali, yomwe mu cell imalowera mkati mwa basal body, malekezero ake am'mbuyo amakhala atakulitsidwa pang'ono ndikuwalozera. Euglena ali ndi chigoba chowoneka bwino chomwe chimapatsa mawonekedwe, koma amaloleza kuti kucheperachepera, kukhala kofupikira komanso kwakukulu.

Mbali yomweyo ndi flagellum, kamwa yobiriwira imakhala mu euglena wobiriwira, mothandizidwa nayo pomwe imameza tinthu tachilengedwe. Flagellum imathandiza.

Pamaso pa chipindacho pali kapangidwe kazithunzi - diso (onani manyazi), lomwe limakhala ndi utoto wofiira. Euglena wobiriwira ali ndi chithunzi cholimba, mwachitsanzo, chimayandama popita kuwalako.

Kusunthaku kumachitika komwe komwe flagellum ili. Amakwapulidwa m'madzi, khungu lenilenilo nthawi yomweyo limazungulira mbali ina.

Euglena wobiriwira amaphatikiza mawonekedwe a zonse zomera ndi nyama. Selo yake imakhala ndi chlorophyll ndipo m'kuwala imatha kudyetsedwa kudzera mu ntchito ya photosynthesis. Mumdima komanso chakudya chochuluka, euglena amadyetsa heterotrophically, akumatenga zinthu za organic. Kukhazikika kwakanthawi m'malo osayatsa kumayambitsa "khungu" lobiriwira la euglena: chlorophyll mu chloroplasts imawonongedwa, ndipo euglena imakhala yobiriwira kapena yosasinthika. Komabe, pobwerera ku malo owunikiridwa, euglena imayambanso kukhala ndi zakudya zapantotrophic.

Pakangopezeka zinthu zoipa zachilengedwe (nyengo yozizira, kuyanika padziwe), euglena wobiriwira amapanga chotupa, pomwe amataya flagellum ndikuyenderera.

Green euglena imafalikira mwa kugawa kwa masana.

Mitundu yofananira

Achibale apafupi kwambiri a euglena wobiriwira amakhala magazi a euglena [en] (Euglena sanguinea) ndi chipale chofewa (Euglena nivalis) Ndi kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa mitunduyi, zomwe zimatchedwa "maluwa otentha" zimawonedwa. More Aristotle mchaka cha IV BC. e. adalongosola mawonekedwe akuwala "matalala". Charles Darwin adawona izi pomwe amayenda pa sitima ya Beagle.

A Euglenaans ena nthawi zambiri sangathe kupanga photosynthesis ndipo amadyetsa heterotrophically ngati nyama, mwachitsanzo, oimira genus Astasia ( Astasia ) Nyama zotere zimatha kupanga zida zamkamwa zovuta nazo zomwe zimamwa zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri.

Zinthu, kapangidwe ndi malo okhala

Euglena wobiriwira, nyumba zomwe sizophweka kwa microorganism, ali ndi thupi lalitali komanso theka louma kwambiri. Miyeso ya zosavuta ndizochepa: kutalika kwake kosavuta sikopitilira 60 microseter, ndipo m'lifupi simafikira chizindikiro cha 18 kapena kuposerapo ma micrometer.

Chosavuta kwambiri chimakhala ndi thupi losunthira, lomwe limatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake. Ngati ndi kotheka, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha kukhazikika,, kapena, ndikukula.

Pamwamba, chophweka chimakutidwa ndi chotchedwa pellicle, chomwe chimateteza thupi ku zinthu zakunja. Kutsogolo kwa maorganorganism paliulendo wapaulendo womwe umawathandiza kuyenda mozungulira, komanso mawonekedwe amaso.

Si ma euglen onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito poyendera poyenda. Ambiri aiwo amangodzitchinjiriza. Ma protein a protein omwe amakhala pansi pa chigamba cha thupi amathandizira mgwirizano wamthupi ndikuyenda.

Ma chromatophores omwe amatenga gawo mu photosynthesis, opanga chakudya, amapereka thupi kubiriwira. Nthawi zina ma chromatophores akapanga chakudya chochuluka, thupi la euglena limasandulika loyera.

Ciliates nsapato ndi euglena wobiriwira nthawi zambiri poyerekeza m'magulu a asayansi, komabe, ali ndi zambiri zofanana. Mwachitsanzo, euglena imadya zonse auto- ndi heterotrophically, pomwe nsapato za ciliates zimangokonda mtundu wa organic wa zakudya.

Chosavuta kwambiri chimakhala m'madzi odetsedwa (mwachitsanzo, madambo). Nthawi zina imatha kupezeka m'malo osungira oyera ndi mchere kapena madzi amchere. Euglena wobiriwira, ciliates, amoeba - tizilombo zonsezi titha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi.

Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa euglena wobiriwira

Euglena nthawi zonse amayang'ana kusamukira kumalo owala kwambiri osungira. Kuti adziwe komwe kuunikira, iye amagwirizira m'khola lake "diso" lapadera loyandikana ndi pharynx. Peephole imakonda kwambiri kuwala ndipo imakumana ndi kusintha kwake pang'ono.

Njira yofunafuna kuwala imatchedwa Phototaxis. Pokwaniritsa njira ya kusinthaku, euglena ali ndi njira zapadera zolerera.

Chifukwa cha vacuole yotsekera, imachotsa zinthu zonse zosafunikira m'thupi lake, kaya ndi madzi ochulukirapo kapena zinthu zowononga. Katemera amatchedwa contractile chifukwa pakuchotsa zinyalala amachepetsa, kuthandiza ndikufulumizitsa njirayo.

Monga tizilombo tina tambiri, euglena imakhala ndi nyukiliya imodzi, i.e, ili ndi chromosomes chimodzi. Kuphatikiza pa chloroplasts, cytoplasm imakhalanso ndi paramyl - puloteni yosungirako.

Kuphatikiza pa ma organelles omwe adatchulidwa, protozoa imakhala ndi pakati komanso kuphatikiza michere ngati protozoa itasowa osadya kwakanthawi. Kupuma kosavuta, kotenga mpweya m'matumbo anu.

Chosavuta chimatha kuzolowera chilichonse, ngakhale zovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe. Madzi osungiramo madzi akayamba kuwuma, kapena madziwo akangouma, makinawo amasiya kudyetsa ndikusuntha, mawonekedwe obiriwira a euglena imakhala yowoneka mozungulira, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chapadera chomwe chimachitchinjiriza ku zotsatira zoyipa za chilengedwe, pomwe flagellum yophweka imasowa.

Mu "cyst" (ili ndi dzina lanyengo iyi mu protozoa), euglena imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri mpaka malo akunja akhazikika ndikukhazikika.

Chakudya chobiriwira cha Euglena

Zambiri za Euglena Green kupanga thupi zonse auto- ndi heterotrophic. Amadya chilichonse chomwe angathe, chifukwa chake zobiriwira zobiriwira zonse zachilengedwe ndi zazinyama.

Mtsutsano pakati pa akatswiri a zamabotolo ndi akatswiri opanga zinyama sananene zomveka. Woyamba amawona kuti ndi nyama ndikuigawa ngati gawo laling'ono la sarcozhgutokonosotsev, botanists imakhalanso ngati mbewu.

Mwakuwala, ma microorganism amalandira michere kudzera mu ma chromatoforms, i.e. Zithunzi zimawasangalatsa uku akuchita ngati chomera. Chosavuta ndi diso nthawi zonse chimakhala chikufuna magwero owala. Magetsi owala kudzera mu photosynthesis amasinthidwa kukhala chakudya chake. Zachidziwikire, euglena nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chakudya chochepa, mwachitsanzo, paramilon ndi leukosin.

Ndi kupanda magetsi, kosavuta kumakakamizidwa kusinthira njira ina yodyetsera. Zachidziwikire, njira yoyamba imakondedwa ndi ma microorganism. Ma protozoa, omwe adakhala nthawi yayitali mumdima chifukwa chomwe adataya chlorophyll, akusinthira ku gwero lina la michere.

Chifukwa chakuti chlorophyll imazimiririka, ma microorganism amataya mtundu wake wowoneka bwino wobiriwira ndikusandulika woyera. Ndi heterotrophic mtundu wa zakudya, zosavuta kukonza zimagwiritsa ntchito vacuoles.

Nyimbo yonyansa ya padziwe, chakudya chochulukirapo, izi ndichifukwa choti Euglena amakonda madambo osasiyidwa osayidwa. Euglena wobiriwira, zakudya zomwe zimatikumbutsa kwathunthu za zakudya za amoebas, zovuta kwambiri kuposa zovuta zazing'onozi.

Pali euglena, omwe, mwakutero, omwe samadziwika ndi photosynthesis ndipo kuyambira momwe amapangira, amadya zakudya zachilengedwe zokha.

Njira yopezera chakudya imeneyi inathandizira kuti pakhale mtundu wina wa pakamwa pakumeza chakudya chamoyo. Asayansi amafotokoza njira ziwiri zopezera chakudya chifukwa chakuti mbewu ndi nyama zonse zomwe zinachokera kumodzi.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kubalana kwa euglena wobiriwira limachitika pokhapokha pamalo abwino kwambiri. Pakangodutsa kanthawi kochepa, madzi oyera osungira madzi amatha kusanduka obiriwira chifukwa magawidwe azinthu zosavuta izi.

Achibale apafupi a izi zosavuta ndi chipale chofewa komanso chamagazi. Ma microorganism amenewa akaberekanso, zinthu zodabwitsa zimatha kuwonedwa.

Chifukwa chake, m'zaka za IV Aristotle adalongosola za chipale chofewa "chokhala ndimagazi", chomwe, komabe, chidawonekera chifukwa cha magawidwe azinthu izi. Chipale chofewa chimatha kuonedwa kumadera ambiri kumpoto kwa Russia, mwachitsanzo, ku Urals, Kamchatka, kapena zilumba zina za Arctic.

Euglena ndi cholengedwa chosanyengerera ndipo chimatha kukhala ngakhale m'malo ovuta kwambiri ayezi ndi matalala. Tizilomboti tikachulukana, chipale chofewa timayamba kutulutsa utoto. Chipale chimakhala "chamaluwa" okhala ndi mawanga ofiira komanso akuda.

Chosavuta chofalikira chimagawika padera. Selo la amayi limagawidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Choyamba, ma nyukiliya amayenda mgawikano, kenako ndi ziwalo zina zonse. Mtundu wa furrow umapangidwa mthupi la ma microorganism, omwe amagawa thupi la amayi pang'onopang'ono.

M'mikhalidwe yovuta, m'malo mwakugawa, munthu amatha kuwona momwe ma cyst amapangidwira. Pankhaniyi amoeba ndi euglena wobiriwira komanso ofanana.

Monga amoebas, amaphimbidwa ndi chipolopolo chapadera ndikugwera mumtundu wa hibernation. Mwanjira ya cysts, zinthuzi zimanyamulidwa limodzi ndi fumbi ndipo zikafikanso m'malo amadzimadzi zimadzuka ndikuyamba kuchulukana mwachangu.

Zizindikiro za Euglena Green

Thupi la unicellular lili ndi mawonekedwe a fusiform. Ali ndi chipolopolo cholimba. Kutalika kwa thupi kuli pafupi ndi mamilimita 0,5. Pamaso pa thupi la Euglena ndiwosalankhula. Nayi diso lofiira. Ndiwosangalatsa, amalola malo omwe amakhala "osakhalitsa" masana Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maso omwe ali mumtunda wa Euglen, madziwo amawoneka ofiira, oyera.

Euglena Green pansi pa ma microscope

Flagellum imalumikizidwanso kumapeto kwenikweni kwa thupi. Mwa makanda, sizingakhale, chifukwa khungu limagawika pawiri. Flagellum imatsala pa imodzi mwazigawo. Chigawo chachiwiri chamagalimoto chikukula ndi nthawi. Kumapeto kwa thupi Mtengo Wobiriwira wa Euglena ali ndi chotsimikizika. Izi zimathandiza kukonzekera kulowa m'madzi, kuyenda bwino, ndikuthamanga.

Magamba a nkhaniyo amapezeka mu metabolism. Uku ndi kuthekera kusintha mawonekedwe a thupi. Ngakhale amakhala opindika nthawi zambiri, akhoza kukhala:

ngati mtanda
grump
ozungulira
chotupa.

Mulimonse momwe Euglena anali, mawonekedwe ake samawoneka ngati khungu lili ndi moyo. Mchitidwewu umabisika kwa maso chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa kayendedwe. Diso la munthu silingathe kuligwira. Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka flagellum kamathandizira izi. Itha kuyesedwa pansi pa ma microscope.

Kapangidwe ka Euglena

Mwachidule mwachidule zomwe zidanenedwa m'mitu yoyamba, Euglena Green - chinyama kapena mbewu zopangidwa ndi:

Flagellum, kupezeka kwake komwe kukugwirizana ndi Evglen ku gulu la flagella. Oimira ake ali ndi njira 1 mpaka 4. Danga la flagellum ndi pafupifupi ma 0.25 micrometer. Njirayi imakutidwa ndi membrane wa plasma; imakhala ndi microtubes. Amasamukira wina ndi mnzake. Izi zimapangitsa kayendedwe ka flagellum. Amalumikizidwa ndi matupi awiri oyambira. Amakhala ndi flagellum yopepuka mu cytoplasm of cell.
Peephole. Mwinanso amatchedwa kusalidwa. Muli ulusi wamaso ndi kapangidwe kake ngati mandala. Chifukwa cha iwo, peepholechi chimapezanso kuwalako. Magalasi ake amawonetsedwa ndi flagellum. Kulandila chikhumbo, chimayamba kusuntha. Chiwalo chofiyira chifukwa cha madontho okhathamira a lipid - mafuta. Imapakidwa utoto ndi carotenoids, makamaka, hematochrome. Ma carotenoids amatchedwa ma organic pigment amitundu yofiira-lalanje. Peephole lozunguliridwa ndi membrane ofanana ndi chipolopolo cha chloroplasts.
Chromatophores. Maselo otchedwa pigmented pigment ndi chomera. Mwanjira ina, tikulankhula za chlorophyll ndi chloroplasts okhala ndi ichi. Pogwira nawo photosynthesis, amapanga chakudya. Zowonjezera, zotsalazo zimatha kugunda ma chromatophores. Kenako Euglena amakhala m'malo mwa yoyera yoyera.
Pellicle. Zili ndi zotumphuka. Amayambitsa filimu yophimba ya zosavuta. Mwa njira, ku Latin pilis ndi zikopa.
Katemera wa katemera. Ili m'munsi mwa flagellum. Mu Chilatini, "vacuole" amatanthauza "zopanda pake". Monga minyewa yamafupa, imagwira, ndikutulutsa madzi ambiri m cell. Chifukwa cha izi, voliyumu yosasintha ya Euglena imasungidwa.

Mothandizidwa ndi vacuole vacuole, sikuti ndikungotulutsa zinthu za metabolic zokha, komanso kupuma. M'machitidwe awo ndi ofanana Euglena Green ndi Amoeba. Pakatikati mwa cell ndi ncho. Imasamutsidwira kumapeto kwenikweni kwa thupi la algae, yomwe imayimitsidwa pazingwe za chromatin.Phata ndi maziko a magawikidwe, omwe amachulukana Euglena Green. Gulu protozoa amadziwika mwanjira iyi yobala.

Kudzazidwa kwamadzi kwa khungu la Euglena ndi cytoplasm. Maziko ake ndi hyaloplasm. Amakhala ndi mapuloteni, ma polysaccharides ndi ma nucleic acids. Ndi zina mwazomwe zimayikidwa ngati zinthu zowuma. Zinthu zake zimayandama m'madzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi cytoplasm.

Kuchulukitsa kwa cytoplasm kumasinthasintha komanso kopanda bungwe. Kudzaza maselo mopanda maumboni. Kupaka Euglene kumangopereka chlorophyll chokha. Kwenikweni, kuphatikiza kwake, ma nucleus ndi membrane wa cytoplasm ndizochepa.

Zojambula

Euglena wobiriwira ndiye chamoyo chosavuta kwambiri chomwe chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kwambiri osavuta. Ali ndi thupi lokwera komanso kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa euglena kumatha kupitirira 60 microseter, ndi kutalika kwa ma micrometer 18. Selo ili:

pachimake
chipolopolo
cytoplasm
photosensitive peephole
Katemera wa contractile,
flagellum
Photoreceptor
chloroplasts
ma organelles ena.

Kapangidwe kake ndi euglena kobiriwira. Euglena ndi chomera chamtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta

Chipolopolo (pellicle) chimateteza khungu ku zinthu zakunja. Ma cytoplasm ndi wandiweyani, koma pulasitiki, yomwe imalola kuti thupi lisinthe pang'ono, kuwonjezeka ndi mgwirizano ngati pangafunike kutero.

Chifukwa cha diso lowoneka bwino, lomwe limakhala ndi utoto wofiira, euglena amakhudzanso kusintha pang'ono pang'ono pakuwala. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kuyenda pang'ono m'malo - iye amasuntha molowera kuwala.

Poyenda, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito flagellum (protoplasmic outgrowth) yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa khungu. Flagellum imapangitsa kuyenda kwamphamvu, ndipo kuthamanga kwa euglena kupitilira liwiro la protozoa ena ambiri, omwe amapatsa mwayi. Kuphatikiza apo, euglena imatha kusuntha popanda kutenga nawo mbali pa ulendowu, mongochita nawo mgwirizano.

Imapuma euglena, imalowetsa okosijeni m'thupi lonse kudzera m'matumbo a ma cell, zopangidwa ndi kaboni dayamondi zimatuluka mwa iwo. Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi mbewu ndikupezeka kwa chlorophyll, komwe kumapangitsa mwayi wa photosynthesis. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha chlorophyll, thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira.

Habitat ndi moyo

Nthawi zambiri, madzi okhala ndi madzi othimbawo - madambo, ma dambo, ndi ena amakhala malo obiriwira a euglena Koma izi protozoa zimatha kukhazikika m'madzi oyera, koma malo otere sakhala omasuka. Ngati madzi ayamba "kutuluka", ndiye kuti, amasandulika obiriwira, ndiye ichi ndichizindikiro cha mawonekedwe amadzi amwewo.

Ponena za zakudya, euglena amatanthauza ma mixotrophs, ndiko kuti, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya mphamvu kupanga mphamvu. Pansi pazikhalidwe wamba, chophweka chimakhala ngati chomera, chomwe chimadya pa njira ya autotrophic - imalandira mphamvu kuchokera pakuwala mothandizidwa ndi chlorophyll. Nthawi yomweyo, euglena imagwira ntchito, imangoyenda kumalo opepuka.

Euglena wobiriwira amakhala m'madzi odetsedwa monga chithaphwi

Ngati unicellular ikhala mumdima kwa nthawi yayitali, imasinthira ku heterotrophic mode yazakudya - imatenga chinthu chachilengedwe kuchokera m'madzi. Pankhaniyi, pofuna kufufuza zinthu, euglena iyenera kusuntha zina. Kusintha kwakunja kumachitika ndi khungu - limataya mtundu wake wobiriwira ndipo limakhala pafupi kuwonekera.

Ngakhale photosynthesis ndiyo njira yayikulu yopezera mphamvu kwa anthu ambiri ku Euglene, pali zochitika zina zomwe zimakonda kudya chakudya chamagulu kuchokera pakubadwa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti unicellular imakhala ndi pakamwa yachilendo pazakudyazi. Ngakhale chakudya chimamezedwa ndi ma microorganism, osati kamwa iyi yokha, koma nembanemba yonse.

Euglena wobiriwira amadya organic, ngakhale ali ndi pakamwa pa izi

Chifukwa cha izi, akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe sakhala ndi lingaliro logwirizana ngati euglena ndi alga kapena nyama. Asayansi amafotokoza kuti kupangika kwamphamvu komweku kumatsimikizira kuti mbewu ndi nyama zinachokera kwina.

Atakhala mumdima m'madzi oyera, opanda chamoyo, khungu limafa. Dziwe likawuma kapena likauma, limasandulika chotupa. Panthawi imeneyi, samadya kapena kupumira. Flagellum imazimiririka ndikufika mkanda wokuteteza wakhungu. Mwanjira imeneyi, lidzakhalabe mpaka zinthu zitakhala zovomerezeka m'moyo.

Njira yofalitsira ubweya wa euglena ndi magawano. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, protozoa imatha kugawanitsa mwachangu kwambiri. Poterepa, mutha kuwona momwe madzi amakhala amitambo ndikuyamba kubiriwira.

Kugawikaku kumachitika m'njira yayitali. Choyamba, ma nucleus a selo la amayi amagawidwa, kenako ena onse. Gawo lakutali limayendera limodzi ndi thupi, pomwe selo la amayi limagawidwa m'magulu awiri a ana aakazi.

Euglena mu aquarium

Ngakhale euglena palokha ndiyopatsa chidwi, ambiri a protozoa amakhala alendo osafunikira ku aquarium. Malo okhala zatsopano zam'madzi amatengeka kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a zinthu zachilengedwezi, pomwe anthu akukhala mothekera kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri, pomwe protozoa imazolowera mwachangu kwambiri.

Zifukwa zina zomwe zimawonekera pa euglena mu aquarium zitha kukhala:

kuwala kwadzuwa kapena zowala kwambiri
kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa madzi
kuchuluka kwa mbewu
kawirikawiri madzi amasintha,
zatsalira zama nsomba mu aquarium,
kukhazikitsa feteleza wachilengedwe.

Kuti muchotse zophweka kwambiri mu aquarium, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzimitsa pansi pamadzi kwa milungu iwiri ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapena kukhazikitsa sterilizer ya aquarium. Komabe, euglena siyibweretsa zowonongeka zachilengedwe, zovuta zokhazokha ndizowonongeka kwa mawonekedwe am'madzi ndi kuchepa kwa kuwalako komwe kumalowetsa mbewu ndi nsomba chifukwa cha kutayika kwa madzi ndi madzi.

Zizindikiro za euglena wobiriwira

Thupi la heroine wathu ndi mawonekedwe a fusiform okhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba. Kutalika kwa thupi la euglena kuli pafupifupi 0,5 mm. Kutsogolo kwa thupi kulibe mawonekedwe ndipo ali ndi maso ofiira. Peephole uyu ndiwowoneka bwino ndipo amalola mwini wake kupeza malo "zakudya" masana, mwa kuyankhula kwina, "amatsogolera euglena kumwala", m'malo aliwonse osungirako zinthuzi amasonkhana m'malo owala kwambiri. Mwa njira, kuchuluka kwa euglena m'malo ena osungirako kumapangitsa pansi pamadzipo kukhala ofiira, ngakhale otuwa. Zotsatira zachilendo chotere kuchokera ku gulu la Euglen zidawonedwa ndikufotokozedwa mu ntchito zake ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe wakale wa Aristotle m'zaka za 4th BC. e.

Pali flagellum kumapeto kwenikweni kwa thupi la chamoyo china. Kuphatikiza apo, pazinthu zatsopano, flagellum imatha kusakhalako, popeza khungu limagawika pawiri ndipo flagellum imangokhala gawo limodzi. Pa euglena yachiwiri, imakula pakapita nthawi.

Kumapeto kumbuyo kwa thupi lobiriwira la euglena, m'malo mwake, kumanenedwa; mawonekedwe ake amakula bwino, motero kuthamanga.

Chochititsa chidwi, kuti zobiriwira za euglena, kagayidwe kachikhalidwe, ndiko kuti, kukhoza kusintha mawonekedwe a thupi. Ngakhale kuti, monga lamulo, ma eugleans ali fusform, m'malo osiyanasiyana amatha kutenga mitundu ina, akhale:

ngati mtanda
mozungulira
ozungulira
chotupa.

Koma ngakhale mawonekedwe a euglena, mawonekedwe ake obiriwira sangakhale osawoneka ngati khungu ndilamoyo. Ndipo iye ndi wosaoneka chifukwa pafupipafupi pamaulendo ake amathamanga kwambiri kuti diso la munthu silingathe kuligwira.

Euglena wobiriwira mawonekedwe

Pofotokozera zonse pamwambapa, titha kunena kuti zobiriwira za euglena ndi nyama kapena chomera, chomwe ndi:

Flagellum, kupezeka komwe komwe kumagwirizana ndi heroine yathu ku gulu la flagella. Damu la flagellum limakhala pa ma microseter pafupifupi 0,25, imatha kuwonekera kokha kudzera mu maikulosikopu yamphamvu. Njirayi imakutidwa ndi nembanemba wa plasma wopangidwa ndi microtubules yomwe imayenderana. Kuyenda kwawo kumayambitsa kuyenda kwa flagellum.
Diso, lomwe nthawi zina limatchulidwenso. Diso limakhala ndi ulusi wa kuwala ndi mawonekedwe a mandala. Chifukwa cha izi, iye amatenga kuwala komwe ma mandala amawonetsa pa flagellum. Atalandira chikoka kuchokera kwa iye, flagellum, imayamba kulowa m'kuwala. Mtundu wofiira wa diso la euglena umatheka chifukwa cha madontho achikuda a lipid - mafuta. Diso lokha lazunguliridwa ndi nembanemba.
Ma chromatophore ndi maselo apadera amtundu ndi chomera chomwe chimayimira utoto wake; mu euglena ndi zobiriwira zowala.
Peplikuli, mchilatini, mawuwa amatanthauza "khungu." Euglena peplicles, wopangidwa ndi ma membrane amtundu woterera, amapanga nembanemba wa chamoyo chophweka kwambirichi.
Katemera wa contractile, amene amapezeka pansi penipeni pa flagellum. Katemera wa contractile ndi mtundu wa analogue of minofu minofu. Mu kapangidwe ka euglena, imayendetsa madzi ambiri mu cell, chifukwa chomwe euglena imakhala ndi voliyumu yake nthawi zonse.

Umu ndi momwe kapangidwe ka zobiriwira za euglena zimawonekera pachithunzichi.

Mawu ena ochulukirapo za katemera wa contractileat, amathandizanso kupuma wobiriwira wa euglena.

Habitat euglens zobiriwira

Euglena amakhala m'madzi oyera okha, makamaka makamaka komwe madziwo ndiodetsedwa kwambiri. M'malo osungirako ndi madzi oyera, euglena imasowa kapena palibe. Mwakutero, euglena ndi wofanana ndi "anzawo" ena osagwirizana: amoebas ndi ciliates, omwe amakondanso madzi akuda.

Popeza euglena satha kuzizira, kuwonjezera pa madzi abwino, amatha kukhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri oundana ndi chipale chofewa.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti euglena wobiriwira akhoza kukhala woopsa, chifukwa nthawi zina amakhala m'madzi otayika, nthawi zina amakhala ngationyamula trypanos ndi Leishmania. Wotsirizayo ndiye wothandizila wa matenda ena a pakhungu. Trypanosomes angayambitse matenda ogona ku Africa, omwe amakhudza mitsempha ndi mitsempha yam'mimba, yomwe imayambitsa kutentha.

Ngati euglena italowa m'madzi amadzimadzi, ndiye kuti madzi oterewa amatha kutulutsa, popanda chifukwa, akatswiri azam'madzi amawaganizira kuti euglena ndiwopatsirana wowopsa ndikuyesetsa kuti athetse. Mutha kuthana ndi euglena wobiriwira mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera (osayiwala kusakaniza nsomba kupita kwina panthawi imeneyi). Ndipo, chabwino, musaiwale za kusinthidwa kwakanthaŵi kwa madzi ndi kusefera, ndiye kuti madzi mu aquarium adzakhala atsopano ndi oyera ndipo anthu owoneka bwino sadzayambiramo.

Organelles Euglena Green

Organoids kapena organelles ndimapangidwe osasinthika kapena apadera a khungu lililonse, nyama komanso chomera. Ponena za ma euglena obiriwira organelles, adalembedwa kale pamwambapa pamapangidwe a euglena. Iliyonse mwa ma organelles kapena ma organelles ndi gawo lofunikira la chinthu chachilengedwe, popanda icho sichingadye, kusuntha, kuchulukana komanso kukhalapo.

Organoids Euglena Green

Organoids amatchedwa nyumba zosatha komanso zapadera. Mulinso zotere m'maselo a nyama ndi zomera. Pali malo ena - ma organelles.

Organoids Euglena Green, kwenikweni, adalembedwa mu chaputala "Makamaka". Chamoyo chilichonse ndichilengedwe chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe sichitha:

chulukitsa
katulutsidwe wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana
phatikiza chinthu
pangani ndikusintha mphamvu
sinthani ndikusunga ma genetic

Ma Organelles amadziwika ndi eukaryotic zolengedwa. Zoyenera kukhala ndi maziko komanso zokongoletsera zakunja. Euglena Green akufanizira malongosoledwewo. Mwachidule, eukaryotic organoids imaphatikizapo: endoplasmic reticulum, nyukiliya, membrane, Centrioles, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, ndi zida za Golgi. Monga mukuwonera, seti ya Euglena organoids ndi yochepa. Izi zikuwonetsa choyambirira cha unicellular.

Mitundu yobiriwira ya Euglena

Kodi mukufuna owerenga okondedwa kuti akhale ndi moyo kwamuyaya? Ili ndi funso lanzeru, ndipo mwina mungadabwe, koma mu biology muli chitsanzo cha "moyo wamuyaya", ndipo inde, heroine wathu wamasiku ano, Euglena, ndiye chitsanzo. Njira yamoyo ya Euglena Green ndiyosatha! Ndipo onse chifukwa cha njira yoberekera, yomwe imachitika pang'onopang'ono kudzera m'magazi. Chifukwa chake euglena yomwe mutha kuwona lero mu dziwe lina lobiriwira kapena dambo idapangidwa ndikulekanitsa kuchokera ku euglena wina wokhala m'nthawi yama dinosaur, kapena ngakhale koyambirira.

Koma nthawi yomwe euglena sakhalabe nayo, m'malo mwake, ndi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo ndi masiku ochepa chabe. Komanso Euglena amayamba kugawana, kenako kugawana, ndi zina mpaka infinity.

Ponena za kugawa kwa euglena palokha, kumachitika m'magawo angapo, zonse zimayamba ndi kugawa kwa cell nucleus. Magawo awiri atsopano a nucleoli amasiyana mbali ziwiri za selo, kenako selo imayamba kugawanika mbali yakutali. Kugawanitsa sikungatheke.

Chifukwa chake kugawanika kwa euglena kumawoneka mwachisawawa.

Gawo logawanika limatseka theka lililonse la selo. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera mu euglena ziwiri zimapezeka. Mu malo abwino, zolengedwa izi zimatha kubereka mwachindunji pakupitilira kwamasamba.

Zambiri zamapangidwe a Euglena

Kapangidwe ka euglena wobiriwira ndikosavuta, kamafanizira kapangidwe kazinthu zonse za chomera flagellum. Mu cell ya E. viridis mumakhala nyukiliya imodzi yopangidwa mozungulira ndi membrane wa nyukiliya. Ma cytoplasm ali ndi ma chromatophores ambiri - ma organoids apadera omwe amakhala ndi chlorophyll pigment yofunikira kwa photosynthesis ndikupereka kuthekera kwa njirayi. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka ultramicroscopic, ma chromatophores amafanana ndi ma chloroplasts omwe amakhala m'maselo a chomera chapamwamba. Euglena wobiriwira amatha kukhala ndi photosynthesis pokhapokha pakuwala. Mumdima, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimasinthira mtundu wamtundu wa heterotrophic (saprophytic) (ofanana ndi nyama). Komanso, pakalibe kuwala, ma viridis a E. amatha kutaya mtundu wake wobiriwira. Diso lotchedwa "Diso | eye" (stigma) limalola wosavuta kuzindikira kuwala. Green imagwiritsa ntchito paramyl, chakudya chokhala ngati wowuma chomwe chakhazikika mu cytoplasm, ngati nkhokwe | chosungira michere ya euglena. Kuwongolera kwa osmotic kukakamiza ndikuchotsa zonyansa zazinthu zowonongeka kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito katemera wa contractile. E. viridis amadya chifukwa cha katemera wogaya, zina zambiri pansipa.

Flagellum, kapangidwe kake ndi ntchito zake

Flagellum ndi gawo lofunikira la cell, mothandizidwa ndi mayendedwe | amasunthira ndikudyera pa euglena wobiriwira. Kapangidwe kake ka flagellum ndikosavuta, kamakhala ndi gawo lochokera ku cell ndikutulutsa kunja komwe limagwira mwachindunji ntchito zoyenda ndi kugwira chakudya | chakudya, ndipo thupi loyambira | thupi (kinetosomes) - chinthu chomwe chili mu makulidwe a cytoplasm, omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kamangidwe ka Ultramicroscopic ndizovuta kwambiri. Flagellum imapereka kukhazikitsa kwa locomotor ntchito. E. viridis ngati kuti yasungidwa zachilengedwe | chilengedwe ndi chithandizo chake, ndiye kuti chimasunthira | chimasunthira patsogolo. Kuthamanga kwamayendedwe (motero, kuzungulira kwa flagellum) m'malo abwino kuli kokwanira kwambiri. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi euglena organoid pamafunso, zobiriwira zimatenga kugwidwa kwa chakudya | chakudya. Kuyenda kwa flagellum kumayambitsa kamvuluvulu wocheperako, chifukwa chomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatengera kumunsi. Tizilombo toyamwa tinthu timene timapangika komwe, komwe ma enzymes ena onse a cell amalola kuti tizinthu tina tiumbidwe.

Kubalana kwa euglena wobiriwira

Euglena wobiriwira amachulukitsa ndi mitotic cell split in half. Pankhaniyi, flagellum yakale imatha kupita kwa mmodzi wa anthu omwe adangoyamba kumene | wina, ndipo winayo pambuyo pake kuti apangidwe kachiwiri kuchokera ku kinetosome.Nthawi zina, flagellum imatha kuchotsedwa musanagawikidwe kawirikawiri ndikupangidwanso mwa awiriawiri |

Euglena wobiriwira mawonekedwe

1. Kapangidwe ka euglena wobiriwira
2. Kuyenda kwa ma euglen obiriwira
3. Kodi nkhokwe zobiriwira zimaswana bwanji

Euglena wobiriwira ndi cholengedwa chomwe chimafanana ndi chomera flagella. Euglena ali ndi mawonekedwe okwera thupi | thupi, ndipo kumbuyo ndikololedwa.

Kukula kwake kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa ma 50-60 ma micrometer, ndipo m'lifupi ndi pafupi 14-18 micrometer. Thupi limayenda | kusunthira, ngati kuli kotheka, euglena limafota kapena kukulira.

Euglena wobiriwira mawonekedwe

Pamwamba pa euglena wobiriwira wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wochepa wa cytoplasm, zotanuka izi zimatchedwa pellicle, zimagwira ntchito yoteteza. Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi | thupi limakhala ndiulendo umodzi, pamene euglena imayenda, imayenda, imayenda chamtsogolo. Pansi pa ulendowu ndi wothinitsidwa, malo amaso ali pamenepo.

Euglena wobiriwira (Euglena viridis).

Euglena amatchedwa wobiriwira chifukwa cha mtundu | khungu la thupi lake | ma chromatophores amapatsa khungu khungu. Ma chromatophores ndiopakika mawonekedwe, amakonzedwa mu euglena ngati nyenyezi | nyenyezi, ndipo photosynthesis imachitika mwa iwo. Mwakuwala, ma carbohydrate mawonekedwe, amawoneka ngati mbewu zopanda utoto. Nthawi zina | Nthawi zina michere yambiri imapangidwa kotero kuti imakuta ma chromatophores, ndiye kuti thupi la euglena limakhala loyera. Mumdima, photosynthesis sichimachitika. Selo imayamba kugaya chakudya cham'madzi, pomwe imasinthanso kubiriwira.

Mtundu wa nyama umapangidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chromatophore.

Tizilombo timakhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi odetsedwa okhala ndi zopezeka | zazitali zazinthu zachilengedwe. Pokhudzana ndi ma euglens awa, zobiriwira zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya zakudya: zimadya zonse zomera ndi nyama. Ndiko kuti, kumbali inayo, euglena wobiriwira amatha kupangidwa ndi mbewu, ndipo, kwa nyama. Selo ili ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana, mwakutero limayambitsa mikangano yambiri | mikangano pakati pa asayansi amakono. Botanists amakhulupirira kuti zobiriwira za euglena ndizomera, ndipo akatswiri a zoologists amati izi ndi zochepa za flagellates.

Oyimira ena a euglenae, omwe ndi achibale apamtima a euglena wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri sangatenge nawo gawo lazithunzi, momwe amadyera kokwanira, ngati nyama. Mitundu yotere imaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, astasia. Oimira a Euglena detachment mawonekedwe ovuta pakamwa amafunika kuti akakamizidwe tizinthu ting'onoting'ono ta chakudya.

Kuyenda kwa euglena wobiriwira. Euglena ndi nyama yokhala ndi flagella.

Osati onse | Mitundu yonse amasuntha | kusuntha ndi flagella. Mitundu ina imasuntha, kugwira thupi ndikuyenda ngati mafunde. Momwe kayendedwe kamtunduwu | kayendedwe kamtunduwu kumachitikira sikumveka bwino. Pansi pa chipolopolo cha euglena pali zotchinga protein. Matepi awa amafupikitsidwa. Amakhulupirira kuti ma cellelles omwe amapatsa khungu mphamvu ndi ulusi wopanga contractile. Koma kusuntha kwa contractile kungalumikizidwe ndi ntchofu yotulutsidwa kudzera mu ngalande yopanda kanthu.

Kodi ma eugle obiriwira omwe amaberekera Euglens amachulukana bwanji mwachangu pamalo abwino.

M'mikhalidwe yabwino, zobiriwira za euglena zimatulutsa mwachangu. Potere, m'masiku amodzi madzi abwino padziwe amayamba kukhala amtambo, amtambo kapena amtambo | Ngati mungaganizire dontho lamadzi oterewa | madzi pansi pa maikulosikopu, ndiye kuti euglena yochuluka imayandamamo.

Achibale apafupi kwambiri a zobiriwira za euglena ndi matalala a euglena ndi magazi a euglena. Mitundu ya euglena iyi ikamakula, zinthu zodabwitsa zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, Aristotle m'zaka za zana la 4 adawona mapangidwe a chipale "chamagazi" | chipale chofewa. Darwin anakumananso ndi vuto ngati lomweli mukamayenda pa sitima ya Beagle.

Euglena zobiriwira zimakhala ndi ma microscopic kukula kwake.

Ku Urals, Caucasus ndi Kamchatka, chipale chofewa nthawi zina "chimamasamba" nthawi zina. Zomwezi zimachitikanso kuzilumba zina za Arctic. Izi zikufotokozedwa mophweka - mitundu ina ya flagella ikhoza kukhala moyo, zimawoneka, kukhala malo osakhalapobe - oundana ndi chipale chofewa | chisanu. Pamene zolengedwa izi zimayamba kuchulukana kuchuluka, chipale chofewa chimapeza chinthu chomwe chimadziwika ndi cytoplasm ya maselo amenewa. Chipale chimatha "kuphuka" mumtundu wobiriwira, wabuluu, wachikaso komanso wakuda, koma nthawi zambiri kupendekera kofiira kumawonedwa, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupangika kwa magazi ndi matalala a euglena.

Kanema wogwirizana: Kapangidwe ka euglena wobiriwira

Euglena wobiriwira mawonekedwe

Euglena wobiriwira amatanthauza zolengedwa zosavuta kwambiri, zimakhala ndi khungu limodzi. Zili pagulu la flagella mtundu wa sarcozhgutikonosos. Malingaliro a asayansi omwe amachokera mu ufumuwo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ichi ndi nyama, pomwe ena amati euglena ndi algae, ndiye kuti, kuti mbewu.

Chifukwa chiyani zobiriwira za euglena mwadzitcha kuti zobiriwira? Chilichonse | Chilichonse ndichopepuka: Euglena adadzipatsa dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola. Monga momwe mumaganizira kale, chiwalo ichi ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowala | mtundu chifukwa cha chlorophyll.

Zinthu, kapangidwe ndi malo okhala

Chosavuta kwambiri chimakhala ndi thupi loyenda | loyenda, lomwe limatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake. Ngati ndi kotheka, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha kukhazikika,, kapena, ndikukula.

Pamwamba, chophweka chimakutidwa ndi chotchedwa pellicle, chomwe chimateteza thupi ku zinthu zakunja. Kutsogolo kwa maorganorganism paliulendo wapaulendo omwe amathandizira kuti asunthe | kusunthira, komanso cholembeka ndi maso.

Osati Onse | Euglens onse amagwiritsa ntchito chochita kuyenda. Ambiri aiwo amangodzitchinjiriza. Zovala zamapuloteni zomwe zimakhala pansi pa chigoba cha thupi zimathandizira mgwirizano wamthupi ndipo potero kusuntha | kusuntha.

Ma chromatophores omwe amatenga gawo mu photosynthesis, opanga chakudya, amapereka thupi kubiriwira. Nthawi zina ma chromatophores akapanga chakudya chochuluka, thupi la euglena limasandulika loyera.

Ciliates nsapato ndi euglena wobiriwira nthawi zambiri poyerekeza m'magulu a asayansi, komabe, ali ndi zinthu | zochepa zomwe zimadziwika | Mwachitsanzo, euglena imadya zonse auto- ndi heterotrophically, pomwe nsapato za ciliates zimangokonda mtundu wa organic wa zakudya.

Chosavuta kwambiri chimakhala m'madzi odetsedwa (mwachitsanzo, madambo). Nthawi zina imatha kupezeka m malo osungiramo madzi abwino kapena mchere. Euglena wobiriwira, ciliates, amoeba - tizilombo zonsezi titha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi.

Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa euglena wobiriwira

Euglena nthawi zonse amayesetsa kusamukira kumalo owala kwambiri | malo osungirako. Kuti adziwe kumene kuwala kumayambira, iye wanyamula zida zake zapamwamba kuti akhale "peephole | peephole" pafupi ndi pharynx. Peephole | Peephole - imakonda kwambiri kuwala komanso imasintha pang'ono.

Njira yofunafuna kuwala imatchedwa Phototaxis. Pokwaniritsa njira ya kusinthaku, euglena ali ndi njira zapadera zolerera.

Chifukwa cha vacuole yotsekera, imachotsa zinthu zonse zosafunikira m'thupi lake, kaya ndi madzi ochulukirapo kapena zinthu zowononga. Katemera amatchedwa contractile chifukwa amachepetsa mwachangu nthawi yotulutsa zinyalala, pothandiza komanso kufulumizitsa njirayi.

Monga tizilombo tina tambiri, euglena imakhala ndi nyukiliya imodzi, i.e, ili ndi chromosomes chimodzi. Kuphatikiza pa chloroplasts, cytoplasm imakhalanso ndi paramyl - puloteni yosungirako |

Kuphatikiza pa ma organelles omwe adatchulidwa, protozoa imakhala ndi pakati komanso kuphatikiza michere ngati protozoa itasowa osadya kwakanthawi. Kupuma kosavuta, kotenga mpweya m'magazi athupi lonse | thupi.

Chosavuta kwambiri amatha kuzolowera china chilichonse, ngakhale zovuta zachilengedwe. Madzi osungiramo madzi akayamba kuwuma, kapena madziwo akangouma, makinawo amasiya kudyetsa ndikusuntha, mawonekedwe obiriwira a euglena imapeza mawonekedwe owazungulira, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chapadera chomwe chimachitchinjiriza ku zotsatira zoyipa za chilengedwe | chilengedwe, pomwe flagellum ya ophweka imatulutsa.

Mu "cyst" (ili ndi dzina lanyengo iyi mu protozoa), euglena imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri mpaka malo akunja akhazikika ndikukhazikika.

Chakudya chobiriwira cha Euglena

Zambiri za Euglena Green kupanga thupi zonse auto- ndi heterotrophic. Amadya chilichonse chomwe angathe, chifukwa chake zobiriwira zobiriwira zonse zachilengedwe ndi zazinyama.

Mwakuwala, ma microorganism amalandira michere kudzera mu ma chromatoforms, i.e. Zithunzi zimawasangalatsa uku akuchita ngati chomera. Zosavuta ndi maso | maso nthawi zonse amakhala akusaka gwero lowala bwino. Mphezi zowala mothandizidwa ndi photosynthesis zimasinthidwa kukhala chakudya | chakudya chake. Zachidziwikire, euglena nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chakudya chochepa, mwachitsanzo, paramilon ndi leukosin.

Choyimbira padziwe, chakudya chochulukirapo | chakudya, izi ndichifukwa choti A Ezeulu amakonda madambo osasamala ndi zimbudzi. Euglena wobiriwira, zakudya zomwe zimatikumbutsa kwathunthu za zakudya za amoebas, zovuta kwambiri kuposa zovuta zazing'onozi.

Pali ma euglenaes, omwe, makamaka, omwe samadziwika ndi photosynthesis ndipo kuyambira kwawo koyambirira adadyetsedwa kokha ndi chakudya chamagulu.

Njira iyi yopezera chakudya | chakudya chathandizira kuti pakhale mtundu wina wa pakamwa pakumeza chakudya chachilengedwe | chakudya. Asayansi amafotokoza njira ziwiri zopezera chakudya | zakudya zomwe | mbewu zonse ndi nyama zonse zimachokera komwe.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kubalana kwa euglena wobiriwira limachitika pokhapokha pamalo abwino kwambiri. Munthawi yochepa, madzi oyera osungira amatha kusanduka mtundu wobiriwira | mtundu chifukwa chogawika kwa zinthu zosavuta izi.

Achibale apafupi a izi zosavuta ndi chipale chofewa komanso chamagazi. Ma microorganism amenewa akaberekanso, zinthu zodabwitsa zimatha kuwonedwa.

Euglena ndi cholengedwa chosanyengerera ndipo chimatha kukhalanso nyengo zovuta za ayezi ndi matalala | chipale chofewa. Tizilomboti tikachulukana, chipale chofewa timayamba kutulutsa utoto. Chipale chimakhala "chamaluwa" okhala ndi mawanga ofiira komanso akuda.

Chosavuta chofalikira chimagawika padera. Selo la amayi limagawidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Choyamba, ma nyukiliya amayenda mgawikano, kenako ndi ziwalo zina zonse. Mtundu wamiyala yomwe imapangika m'thupi | thupi la tizilombo, lomwe limagawa thupi pang'onopang'ono kukhala la ana awiri aakazi.

M'mikhalidwe yovuta, m'malo mwakugawa, munthu amatha kuwona momwe ma cyst amapangidwira. Pankhaniyi amoeba ndi euglena wobiriwira komanso ofanana.

Monga amoebas, amaphimbidwa ndi chipolopolo chapadera ndikugwera mumtundu wa hibernation. Mwanjira ya cysts, izi zimanyamulidwa limodzi ndi fumbi ndipo zikafika | zibwereranso kumalo am'madzi | chilengedwe chimadzuka ndikuyamba kuchulukana mwachangu.

Send