Shaki iyi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti shaki ya Bolsherot, ndi amodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya akhaki omwe akukhalapo pano omwe amadyera matabwa.
Gulu lomweli limaphatikizapo shaki yayikulu ndi shark whale. Dzinalo Lachilatini la shark wanthawi yayitali kwambiri ndi Megachasma pelagios.
Shaki, wokhala mozama kwambiri, adapezeka mu 1976. Ndipo lero ndi mtundu wokhawo wa banja la asodzi akuluakulu (dzina lachi Latin lotchedwa Megachasmidae).
Pofika mu Novembala 2004, zinali zotheka kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito shaki zazikulu kwambiri osakwanitsa anthu 25, gawo laling'ono chabe lomwe asayansi adatha kufufuza. Chifukwa chake, pali zambiri zochepa zokhudzana ndi malo a shaki, momwe amapangira komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Mawonekedwe
Choyerekeza chachikulu kwambiri cha shaki yayitali, yomwe imatha kuyeza, inali yakufa, yopezeka pa Epulo 19, 2001, itakhomedwa ndi mafunde pagombe la Tokyo Bay pafupi ndi mzinda wa Itihara. Kutalika kwake kunali 5.8 m. Ndipo pa Marichi 13, 2004, mtundu wocheperako kwambiri wamtunduwu wa asodzi adagwidwa pafupi ndi chilumba cha Sumatra. Zinakhala zamphongo, zomwe kutalika kwake kunali 1.77 m.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya shakiyi ndi mutu wake waukulu komanso wamkati komanso mkamwa waukulu. Zinali chifukwa cha iye kuti adamupatsa dzina. Kumbuyo kwa shaki yayikulu kwambiri yopaka utoto wakuda, m'mimba mumtondo wowala. Shaki iyi imakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri za dorsal, zipsepse ziwiri zopota zazikulu zokulirapo, chikondamoyo chimodzi chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a asymmetric, ndi awiriawiri zipsepse pamimba, pomwe kumbuyo kumakhala kocheperako kuposa koyambirira.
Kufalitsa
Shaki zikuluzikulu zidawoneka munyanja za Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi gombe la Japan ndi California. Izi zimapatsa asayansi ufulu wotsutsa kuti mtundu wa asodzi umagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, koma umakonda kukondera kwamadzi chifukwa cha kutentha.
Amaganiza kuti kutulutsa kwa shaki zazitali kwambiri kumapezeka m'dzinja m'madzi pafupi ndi California, chifukwa ndi malo awa omwe kuchuluka kwambiri kwa amuna akuluakulu amtunduwu adakumana nako atakula.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kutengera ndi zomwe zidapezeka m'mimba mwa asodzi akulu akulu, titha kunena kuti chakudya chachikulu cha nsomba izi ndizinthu zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, krill. Shaki wam'maso akulu amatha kuyamwa madzi, omwe amafunika kusefa. Izi zimasiyanitsa ndi shaki yayikulu, yomwe imatha kusefa madzi omwe amakhala ndi plankton. Shaki yayikulu imadya nsomba zazing'ono kapena ayi, sizinakhazikitsidwe.
Khalidwe
Mlandu wathandizira kuti aphunzire za omwe akhala akuchita nsomba zazitali kwambiri. Mu Okutobala 1990, m'madzi am'mbali mwa California, asayansi anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mwayi wopeza wamwamuna wokhala ndi shaki yayikulu, yomwe kutalika kwake inali mikono 5. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, wotumiza wailesi yamphongo imalumikizidwa ndi wamwamuna uyu, pambuyo pake amamasulidwa. Chifukwa cha chochitikachi, chidziwitso choyamba chinawonekera pamayendedwe osamukira kwa shark wamkulu, ndikuphatikiza apo, pamayendedwe ake molunjika.
Great-Mouth Shark ndi cholengedwa chapadera komanso chosowa.
Chifukwa chake, asayansi aphunzira kuti shaki yayikulu imakhala nthawi yayitali usiku osazama kupitirira mamita 15. Koma nthawi ya masana, imatha kumira mpaka kufika pakuya mamita 150. Kusintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mozama.
Kupeza
Palibe umboni wodalirika kuti nsomba zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zimadziwika ndi anthu zaka mazana angapo zapitazo. Komabe, titha kuganiza kuti ndiamene adayala maziko a nthano zokhudzana ndi nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi, zomwe amati ndizosakanikirana ndi shaki ndi anamgumi.
Amakhulupirira kuti shaki yayikulu-yodziwika kale idatchulidwa nthano zakale zokhudzana ndi zimphona zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi a nyanja.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba chithunzi cha shaki yayikulu kwambiri chinagwidwa ku Hawaii, ndendende pafupi ndi chilumba cha Oahu, chomwe chidalembedwa pa Novembala 15, 1976, chomwe chidafotokozedwa pambuyo pake. Kuyerekezera kumeneku kunakhala kwamphongo, kutalika kwa 4.46 m. Ogwira ntchito zofufuza zaku America adazigwira, pomwe adazindikira kuti mwamunayo akufuna kuluma zingwe m'madzi, chifukwa chomwe iye mwini adapinda. Munthuyu adaphunziridwa mosamala. Kuwopsa kwa bambo wamwamuna wokhala ndi shaki yayikulu akadali mu Museum ya Honolulu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kuchulukitsa
- Dongosolo: Lamniformes (Lamniformes)
- Banja: Largemouth Shark (Megachasmidae)
- Mtundu: Largemouth Shark (Megachasma)
- Mitundu: Shark yayitali-yanthaka (Megachasma pelagios, L. R. Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983)
Mitundu yokhayo m'banja lake.
Habitat
Poganizira zazidziwitso zochepa za shakiyi, malire ake ndi osavuta kudziwa. Zikuwoneka kuti, imakhala m'malo ozama am'madzi otentha komanso ofunda, pomwe zoyerekeza zakunyanja zinagwidwa. Nthawi zambiri, bolsherotov adagwidwa kugombe la Japan ndi California.
Poganizira mtundu wa chakudya chake, titha kuona kuti shaki yayitali kwambiri imapezekanso m'madzi ozizira, omwe amakhala ndi krill komanso zooplankton zina.
Miyeso
Mu 2004, m'mphepete mwa Japan, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Itihara, chithunzi chachikulu cha shaki yayitali chinapezeka, chomwe kutalika kwake kunali 5.6. mita anali mkazi wakufa, yemwe mafunde ake adawatengera kumtunda. Malinga ndi asayansi, kukula sikumalire kwa Bolsherot. Mwina amafika kupitirira 7 m kutalika ndi kulemera mpaka matani 1.5.
Wam'ng'ono kwambiri mwa omwe adagwidwawo anali woposa mita ndi theka kukula (2004, pafupi ndi Sumatra Island).
Mawonekedwe
Choyimira chachikulu chakunja kwa Bolshevik ndi mutu waukulu komanso mkamwa waukulu, chifukwa chomwe shaki idatchedwa dzina. Mutu uli ndi mawonekedwe okuzungulira, mbali yakutsogolo siyimayang'ana kutsogolo, monga shaki zambiri. Mano ndi ang'ono, akusenda nsagwada za nsomba. Cholinga chawo ndi kusefa madzi, kupewa kuthothoka kwa zooplankton yomwe ili mumkamwa.
Utoto wa kumbuyo ndi wakuda kapena wonyezimira. Mbali yamkati mwa thupi ndi yopepuka. Impso zimapangika, caudal - wokhala ndi lobe yayitali (heterocercal).
Madzi a shaki amangokhala ndi madzi okongola - pomwe amachira pamtunda, amakhala osasunthika pazokha.
Zakudya
Chakudya cha bolsherot ndi cholengedwa chamoyo cham'madzi chaching'ono - zooplankton. Potanthauzira, zolengedwa zam'madzi zam'madzi zotchedwa planktonic zimatchedwa, zopanda mphamvu yoyenda payokha m'madzi. Mafunde okhaokha ndi mafunde omwe amakhala injini ya plankton. Odyera planktivorous amakonda kwambiri kudya phwando la krill - mitundu ingapo yaying'ono yam'madzi yam'madzi yamnyanja ndi nyanja.
Mfundo ya kudya bolsherotov ndi yofanana ndi ya abale ake ndi omwe akupikisana nawo chakudya - asodzi akuluakulu ndi achinsomba. Potsegula pakamwa lalikulu, nyama yolusa imatenga madzi ambiri, ndipo imasefa ndi mano ndi mano.
Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani shaki amatchedwa wolimba mtima?
Ziwombankhanga zazikulu za L400 ndi zazikulu, zolemera mpaka matani 1.5 (kuweruza ndi nsomba zogwidwa). Mutu wokulira wokhala ndi mphuno yosalala komanso pakamwa potseguka umapanga mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Koma, mosiyana ndi oyandikana nawo am'madzi am'madzi, amadya nsomba zamtundu wotchedwa krill, zazikulu ngati shaki.
Pakamwa pa chilombo cham'madzi chimatha kufika mita imodzi, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kupitilira mamitala 5.
Khungu la bolsherot limakhala ndi imvi, yopepuka pang'ono pamimba.
Malo okhala shaki zazikuluzikulu kwambiri sanaphunzirepo pang'ono, koma amapezeka kunyanja zam'madzi za Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic, ndipo amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi malo ofunda.
Awonerani kanema - Largemouth Shark:
Zochitika Pazikhalidwe
Shaki yokhala ndi mulifupi wamkulu imakonda madera akuya panyanja. Amayenda usiku wochepera mita 20 usiku, kuthamangitsa krill kutuluka. Poona momwe thupi limapangidwira, bolshera samachedwa kudya. Kuthamanga kwawo "kosangalatsa" mukamasonkhanitsa kupanga sikupitilira 2 km / h.
Mu Ogasiti 1990, bambo wamoyo yemwe anagwidwa pafupi ndi California adagwa m'manja mwa asayansi. Kutalika kwake kunafika mita 5. Asayansi adatha kukhazikitsa zida zopatsira thupi lake, kenako kumasula shaki kumasula.
Kwa masiku opitilira awiri, ochita kafukufuku anali ndi mwayi wowunikira momwe zimayendera nyama zina zomwe sizowoneka bwino mwa kutumiza ma signature. Zinapezeka kuti a Bolsheros amasuntha tsiku ndi tsiku, kusuntha pambuyo pa krill. Wodziyimira pachifuwa chachikulu adayesapo usiku wonse pakuya kupitirira ma 150 m, masana adakwera mpaka 15 metres.
Zosangalatsa za shaki za Bolshevik
Njira yosangalatsa kudyetsera nsomba izi. Bolsherot amatsegula pakamwa pake, ndi milomo yolimba yokhala ndi chivundikiro chowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mtsinje wamadzi, pamodzi ndi ovutikirapo ocheperako, amadutsa pakamwa ndikutuluka podutsa. Komabe, kutuluka kwa gill kumayambira panjira ya krill, kugwira ntchito ngati sieve kapena fyuluta.
Anzake, kapena "stamens" amapezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo ali ndi 15 cm kutalika. Chimphona chija chimakanikizira lilime lake lakumwamba, ndipo madzi amatulutsidwa, ndipo akanjedza ang'ono amakhalabe pa stamen. Kenako chilombocho chimakankhira kukhosi, ndipo ochenjera kwambiri, akuyesera kutuluka pakamwa, mwaluso amatseka mano ang'onoang'ono.
Njira iyi yodyetsera imadziwika ndi anamgumi. Komabe, pamene chinsomba ndi anthu ena omwe amadya pakudya amapatsirana madzi pakamwa, chimphona chachikulucho chimatha kugwira nyama yake yaying'ono.
Kamodzi pagulu la planktonic crustaceans, amameza mphindi 4 zilizonse.
Mano a nsomba zamilomo yam'nyanja ali m'mizere 23, iliyonse ili. Mwa njira, sizikudziwika ngati chimera chachikulu chimatha kuukira nsomba zazikulu.
Kodi asayansi akudziwa chiyani za asodzi?
Kutulutsa kwa bolsherot sikumuloleza kuti azisambira mwachangu. Nsomba zochepetsetsa izi zimakhala ndi mafupa a cartilaginous. Minofu yofewa imapanga thupi lamadzi, lonyowa. Kupendekera kwa shaki sikumaloleza kuti amire.
Mwa njira, kupezeka kwa milomo kunapangitsa kuti izitcha shaki nyama yayikulu kwambiri yowaluka munyanja.
Wosalira toni yambiri amatha kuvutika mosavuta ndi anansi ankhanza. Nthawi zambiri bulumherot wa clumsy amawukiridwa ndi magulu - miyala yamiyala. Izi, nsomba, pang'onopang'ono ngati shaki, zimatulutsa zidutswa zofewa, ndipo nthawi zina zimazikwirira kumabowo.
Kuphatikiza apo, chimphona chachikulu cham'madzi chimatha kukhala chosalala kwa chinsomba chomwe chimameza shaki yayikulu.
Pambuyo pa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake kanayikidwa pa thupi la chifuwa chachikulu chachikulu. Zikhala kuti asodzi amayenda kusuntha tsiku ndi tsiku: masana amapita pansi kuya kwa mamita 120-160, usiku amakwera mpaka 23-12 metres.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosangalatsa kuti kukwera ndi kutsika kwa kanyanja kumadalira milingo ya kuwunikira. Plankton amapanganso kusamuka komweko, koma amakhudzidwa ndi kuwunikira, kupezeka kwa chakudya, komanso mchere.
Chifukwa chake, sizokayikitsa kuti kayendedwe ka lipcoats zam'madzi ndizolumikizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka crustaceans yaying'ono. Ndi zimphona zazikulu za chimphona zazikulu zomwe zimadziwa nthawi yanji komanso kuzama kwawo komwe zimakonda kwambiri, ndikutsatira nyama.
Onerani kanemayo - Msonkhano wa anthu ndi chinsomba:
Kuswana
Monga nsomba zina zamakono, bolsherot ndi mtundu wa ovoviviparous. Chonde, kukula ndi kumaswa kwa mazira kumachitika m'mimba.
Mating, mwina, amapezeka kugwa kwa gombe la California, komwe amuna okhwima kwambiri ogulitsa.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Monga wina aliyense mwa nyama zolusa zomwe zimadya, shaki yamtundu waukulu imatha kuyika anthu pangozi chifukwa cha thupi lake lalikulu, lomwe limatha kuvulazidwa ndi osambira osasamala omwe amakonda kuwaza pakuya kwa theka la kilomita.
Megachasma pelagios ) ndi amodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya akhaki omwe amadziwika ndi sayansi omwe amadya ma plankton (kuwonjezera pa chinsomba ndi shaki zikuluzikulu). Kuyambira pomwe chimfine chakuya kwambiri mu 1976, chimangokhala chamoyo chokha cha banja la shaki zazikulu (lat. Megachasmidae ) Mpaka Novembala, zonena zosakwana 25 zidawonedwa, pomwe ochepa okha ndi omwe adatha kufufuza za sayansi. Zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika zokhudzana ndi umunthu, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso mtundu wa shaki iyi.
Mawonekedwe
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa nsomba zina ndi kupezeka kwa kamwa yayikulu, yomwe imakungika ndi arc. Chifukwa cha izi, shaki idatchedwa dzina. Mutu ndi wamkulu, ndi mphuno lalifupi. Thupi limachepa komanso lofewa, lofiirira pakuda, koma m'mimba ndilopepuka. Pokhala ndi mafupa a cartilaginous, nyama yolusa imasambira pang'onopang'ono ndikuyamba kuchita zinthu zina. Imakula mpaka mamita 5.5. Kulemera kumatha kufikira tani. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi.
Zomwe zimadya ndikusaka
Imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya akhaki omwe amadya ku plankton. Amakonda nyama ya krill kwambiri. Pofuna kusaka nyama, ali ndi chida chothandiza - pakamwa pawo ndi lata yasiliva, yomwe imakhala ngati "nyambo yowala" yokhala ndi korill. Imatha kuwoneka pokhapokha shaki ikakankhira kutsogolo kutsogolo. Chochititsa chidwi, nsomba izi zimatha kusefa madzi kudzera m'matayala, kusiya zomwe zimadya basi.
Ngakhale kuti awa ndi achinsomba chachikulu, sichiwopseza anthu.
Momwe nsomba zazikulu za pelagic zazikulu komanso zazikulu
Kukwatirana kumachitika mu Seputembala, nthawi zambiri kumphepete mwa California. Shaki zoberekera ndi oviposition.
Onani zithunzi zosankhidwa:
Chithunzi: Shaki yayitali yokhala ndi mbewa.
Vidiyo: Shaki zosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi
Kanema: MU PHILIPPINES APITA CHINSINSI CAKUTI
Pambuyo pa 1976, zinaonekeratu kuti mdziko lapansi pano mulibe mitundu iwiri, koma mitundu itatu ya a shaki yomwe imadya plankton. Awiri oyamba ndi shaki zikuluzikulu, ndipo wachitatu anali shaki wamkulu. Zomwe zidadabwitsa aliyense nsomba iyi, ndikuganiza, zimveka kuchokera ku dzina lake. Mutu waukulu wa shaki umatha pakamwa pakakulidwe kodabwitsa, komwe kumatseguka kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yonse ya shaki.
Kupeza kumeneku kunachitika pa Novembara 15, 1976, pomwe sitima yankhondo ya US Navy idachita kafukufuku wawo ku zilumba za Hawaii. Patsikulo, sitimayo inali yopitilira 4600 metres motero sanathe kumasula nangula wamba. Tinaganiza zochepetsa nangula 2 wa parachute. Mapeto atafufuza, ataleredwa, anapeza m'modzi mwa iwo nsomba zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Anakhala shark-bolsherot wa 446, yemwe kulemera kwake kunafika ma kilogalamu 750. Nsomba zikuluzikuluzi zidasamutsidwa ku Honolulu Museum.
Zonse kwa kanthawi pang'ono za shaki uyu sizinakhaleko mphekesera kapena mzimu. Koma patatha zaka 8 adadzipangitsanso kuti amvere. Shaki yachiwiri ya Bolsherot idatengedwa ku Santa Catalina Island (California) mu Novembala 1984. Buku ili lidatumizidwa ku Los Angeles Museum of Natural History. Ndipo zotsatizana zofananira izi zidayamba.
Kope laling'ono
M'nthawi ya 1988 mpaka 1990, asodzi 4 adapezeka (m'modzi mwa gombe la Western Australia, 2 pagombe la Pacific ku Japan ndi 1 ku California), mu 1995 padali zitsanzo zina ziwiri (pafupi ndi Brazil ndi Senegal). Ndipo mpaka 2004. Tonse, kuyambira mu Novembala 1976 mpaka Novembala 2004, toyesa pafupifupi 25 adawonedwa, wamkulu kwambiri yemwe anali shaki, adapezeka atamwalira mu Epulo 2004 pagombe pafupi ndi mzinda wa Itihara ku Tokyo Bay. Kutalika kwake kunali mikono 5.63. Anali wamkazi. Shaki wocheperako anali wamwamuna, yemwe adagwidwa pa Marichi 13, 2004 pafupi. Sumatra. Kutalika kwake kunali mita 1.77. Chinanso chinanso chinagwidwa ndi asodzi aku Philippines ku 2005.
Makamaka
Mulingo wocheperako
Gawo lodziwika kwambiri la shaki iyi ndi nsagwada zake zazikulu. Kupaka utoto sikusiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya asodzi - imvi kapena mdera wakuda. Mimba ndiyopepuka kuposa msana.
Mtundu wa imvi
Popeza asodzi onse ali m'gulu la nsomba zamkati, sichoncho ndi zomwezo. Mafupa a bolsherot amakhala ndi cartilage yofewa, ndipo minofu yake imakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Zotsatira zake, shaki sangathe kupanga liwiro labwino pamene akusambira, kotero kuthamanga kwake kuli pafupifupi 2 km / h.
Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa cholembachi, tanena kale za zakudya zake. Chakudya chachikulu cha sharkhevik shark ndi plankton (crustaceans, jellyfish, ndi zina), kuchokera komwe ma crustaceans eufuusiids amawakonda kwambiri, amakhalanso krill, wokhala mosazama kwambiri. Shaki wamaso akulu, atapumira pagulu lamadzi otsegula, amatsegula pakamwa ndikuyamwa madzi ambiri, ndikumakanikizira lilime lake pakamwa, amafinya madziwo kudzera m'miyala yolumikizana kwambiri. Mano ang'onoang'ono ambiri amateteza kutuluka kwa krill. Atasambitsa madzi, shaki imeza chilichonse chomwe chimatsala mkamwa.
Pakamwa patali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono
Khomo lotseguka
Shaki yokhala ndi mbewa zazikulu ndi nsomba ya pelagic, ndiye kuti imakhala m'malo a mesopilagil (kuya kwa ma 150-500 mita). Usiku, imadzuka pafupi ndi pamwamba, ndipo masana imatsika.
Shaki uyu amakhala m'malo otentha a nyanja zitatu: Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka pagombe la California ndi Japan.
Habitat
Mating, malinga ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo, amapezeka kugombe la California, chifukwa ndi komwe amuna okhwima kwambiri amapezeka. Monga shaki zina zambiri, shaki ya Bolshevik ndi ovoviviparous.
Nthano ndi nthano
Palibe umboni kuti shaki zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zodziwika kale zinali zodziwika kale. Titha kungoganiza kuti anthu awa adakhala maziko a nthano zambiri zokhala osakanikirana ndi ma shaki ndi shaki.
Anthu ambiri okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ali ndi nkhani zomwe zimafotokozapo za misonkhano ya anthu okhala ndi zazikulu zam'madzi. Imodzi mwa nthanozo imanena za chinsomba cha hafu-hafu wokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu.
Kodi dzinalo limachokera kuti?
M'dzina la shark uyu pali mawu akuti "tsitsi lalitali". Ndi dzina ili, anthu adapatsa nsomba zozizwitsa pakamwa lalikulu. Ndipo amachitcha "pelagic" chifukwa cha malo okhala. Amaganiziridwa kuti munthuyu amakhala m'malo opanga ma mesopilagil, pakuya mamita 150 mpaka 500. Koma asayansi sanadziwebe za izi. Amakhulupirira kuti imatha kumira ndikuzama kwambiri.
Habitat
Shaki yokhala ndi mbewa zazikulu kwambiri imapezeka m'nyanja zonse, kupatula ku Arctic. Zambiri mwa izo zimapezeka kum'mwera chakumwera. Nthawi zambiri, Megachasma pelagios amatha kupezeka pagombe la California, Japan ndi Taiwan. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti nsomba yapaderayi imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, komabe imakonda kukhala m'malo otentha. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndikuti shaki yayitali-yayikulu adagwidwa pafupi ndi Hawaii, South Australia, Africa ndi South America. Nthawi zambiri amawonedwa pagombe la Ecuador.
Nkhaniyo ndi woyamba, yachiwiri idagwidwa patangotha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, pafupi ndi chilumba cha Santa Catalina, mu 1984. Shark wokhala ndi zinthu zambiri wotumizidwa ku Los Angeles Museum. Zitatha izi, nsomba zazikulu zimawonedwa pafupipafupi. Kuyambira 1988-1990 adakumana pagombe la Western Australia, Japan ndi California. Mu 1995 - pagombe la Senegal ndi Brazil.
Kufotokozera
Shaki wamaso akulu, yomwe chithunzi chake chili m'nkhaniyi, ndichofanana ndi wina aliyense, m'gulu la ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mafupa ake ndiofewa. Z nsalu zimakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, shaki yomwe imakhala yayikulupo ndiyosachedwa (kuthamanga pafupifupi makilomita awiri pa ola). Samatha kuthamanga kwambiri. Kulemera kwake kumafikira tani imodzi ndi theka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yocheperako komanso yosakwiya.
Thupi limakhala lozungulira komanso lofewa, lodziwika bwino ngati lamadzi akuya panyanja. Koma kapangidwe kotere sikumuloleza kumira. Mano amapanga mizere makumi awiri ndi atatu. Iliyonse ili ndi zovala zazing'ono pafupifupi 300. Pakamwa pozungulira m'mphepete mozungulira mumazunguliridwa ndi chithunzi, chomwe chimathandizira kukopa plankton ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Chifukwa cha milomo ya phosphorescent, shaki imadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri.
Kukula kwake kumafikira mita m'lifupi, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndiko kupitirira kasanu. Kujambula kwinsomba kuli ngati khwangwala wakupha pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina zimakhala zolakwika kuti nangumi wachinyamata. Thupi la shaki lalitali lalitali limakhala lakuda. Pamwambapa ndi zakuda komanso zofiirira, ndipo m'mimba mwayera. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yokhala ndi kamwa lalikulu kwambiri la imvi (kapena la bulauni). Mphuno yake ndi yopepuka. Nsomba zodabwitsazi ndi chimphona chachikulu, chabwino komanso ndichopanda chitetezo kwa anthu, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake ndiowopsa komanso amatha kumuwopseza munthu wosazindikira.
Kodi chinsinsi chomwe chimadziwika ndi chiyani?
Chochititsa chidwi, mawonekedwe a bolsherot ndi oyenera kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti asodzi awa asadayandikire pansi, koma pazifukwa zobisika adalowa m'madzi apakati, motero adazindikiridwa ndi munthu.
Pazochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika pobzala zimphona zam'nyanja. Komabe, polingalira kuchuluka kwa zofananira zomwe zinagwidwa pafupi ndi California ndi Hawaii, titha kuganiza kuti mating amachitika kumeneko kumapeto.
Shaki yayikulu kwambiri yokhala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono imawululira zinsinsi zake kwa ofufuza. Pokhala nsomba yophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri, aliyense wogwidwa amakhala wopanda tanthauzo.
World Ocean Fund yaika zimphona pang'onopang'ono pamndandanda wake. Koma kusatetezedwa kwa asodzi abwinowa kumapangitsa kuti awonongeke kwa nyama zam'madzi komanso anthu.
Posachedwa, ku Philippines, nyama yam'madzi yachilendoyi idagwidwa ndikudyedwa ndi asodzi. Nkhaniyi idakhumudwitsa dziko lonse lasayansi, koma palibe chomwe adachitapo.
Kodi titha kutaya chimphona cha kunyanja popanda kumudziwa? Kapena kodi a Bolsherotas adzabisanso pansi pa madzi akunyanja ndikutenga zinsinsi zawo pansi?
) Kuyambira pomwe chinsombacho chimapezeka mu 1976, ndiye mtundu wokhawo wabanja lawo. Pofika mu Ogasiti 2015, anthu 102 okha ndi omwe adapezeka, pomwe ochepa okha ndi omwe adatha kufufuzidwa mwasayansi. Zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika zokhudzana ndi umunthu, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso mtundu wa shaki iyi.
Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyamba za sayansi mu 1983. Pa Novembala 15, 1976, chombo chofufuzira ku America chinagwidwa pachilumba cha Oahu ku Hawaii ndi wamwamuna wamtundu wina watsopano yemwe anali kuyesera kudya chingwe chomwe chinamizidwa m'madzi ndikutsamira pamenepo. Nyamayo idaphunziridwa mosamala, ndipo lero nyama yake yodzala ndi nyama imasungidwa mu Honolulu Museum. Mu 1997, potengera kusanthula kwa chidziwitso cha RNA, zidapezeka kuti akambuku apamwamba kwambiri amagwirizana kwambiri ndi amphaka ena a lamform. Kufufuza kwa morphological kwa mano mu 1996 kunatsimikizira kuti shaki zazikuluzikulu ndi zazikulu ndi gulu lalikulu la shaki lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndipo limapanga mchenga wofanana, pseudo-mchenga, nkhandwe ndi heron shark taxon. Lingaliro linapangidwa kuti kufanana kwa dzino morphology kungakhale chifukwa cha kufananirana ndipo sikuwonetsa kuyanjana kwambiri ndi lamede. Dzinali limachokera ku mawu achi Greek. μέγας - "wamkulu" ndi Greek. χάσμα - "phompho", "phompho", ndi mitundu kuchokera ku mawu achi Greek. πέπέγγςς - "yopezeka munyanja", "yakuya" ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo a nsomba.
Asodzi akulu akulu amapezeka ku Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian Ocean. Nthawi zambiri, amapezeka pagombe la Japan, Taiwan ndi Philippines. Kuchokera pamenepa, akatswiri a zanyengo amaganiza kuti nyamazo zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zimakonda kutentha kotentha. Izi nsomba za pelagic zimapezeka m'malo amanjenje komanso munyanja. Imapezeka m'mphepete zosaya kwa mamita 5 kupita kwakufupi kwamamita 40, komanso nyanja yosanja mpaka 1500 m, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa 120-166 m. Maonekedwe ndi mafuta a m'chiwindi zimawonetsa kuti ndi epipelagic osati mtundu wam'nyanja.
Chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri chinali chachikazi cha 5.70 m chomwe chamangidwa maukonde ku Sagami Bay en, Kanagawa, Japan, ndipo chidapezeka pa Meyi 2, 2006. Anamasulidwa, komabe, pambuyo pake anapezeka atafa. Chifaniziro chachikulu cham'mbuyomu chinali chachikazi chakufa chotalika mamita 5.63, chomwe chidatsukidwa pa Epulo 19, 2004 pafupi ndi mzinda wa Itihara ku Tokyo Bay. Choyerekeza chaching'ono kwambiri chinali chachimuna, chomwe chinagwidwa pa Marichi 13, 2004 pafupi ndi chilumba cha Sumatra, chomwe kukula kwake kunali 1.77 m. Chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri chomwe shaki yayikulu imadziwika ndi dzina ndi mutu waukulu wozungulira wokhala ndi mphuno yayifupi komanso kamwa yayikulu. Kutalika kwa mutu kumatha kufananizidwa ndi thupi. Pomaliza pake ndifupi, kwamtambo komanso kozungulira. Maso ndi akulu kwambiri, kutalika kwawo kumachokera ku 1.6 mpaka 1.8% kutalika kwa thupi. Gill slits ndi okwera, kutalika kwake ndi 6.4-8.6% kutalika kwa thupi. Samalowetsa dorsal kumtunda. Magawo awiri omaliza a gill ali pamwamba pa zipsepse. Ma galali amakhala ndi ma dermal process (ma stamens) okhala ndi chala chomwe chili ndi cartilage mkati. Zitha kuphimba kunja kwa gill. Pakamwa yayikulu kwambiri imakhazikika mu arc. Nsagwada zimatuluka mwamphamvu. Mano ndi ang'ono, owumbidwa. Thupi limakhala lolimba, lokhazikika, lathyathyathya komanso lotuwa pang'ono. Caudal tsinde kukakamizidwa, ofananira nawo carina kulibe. Pali kagawo kakang'ono ka precaudal. Ma flake a Placoid ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso ofewa. Mtundu wa msana wake ndi woderapo, m'mimba mwake ndi opepuka. Shaki yayikulu imakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri za dorsal, imodzi asymmetric caudal fin. Mbale yapamwamba ya caudal ndi yodalilika, lobe lakumunsi ndilifupi koma lamphamvu. Zipsepse zamtchire ndizazikulu, zopapatiza komanso zazitali. Zipsepse zamkati ndi za saizi yayitali, yaying'ono poyerekeza ndi zipsepse zam'chiwunda ndi mapangidwe oyamba amoyo. Maluso oyambira dorsal ndi akulu, opanga mawonekedwe atatu, komaliza yachiwiri ndi yocheperako kawiri. Pansi pa finors yoyambirira ili kumapeto kwa zipsepse zamakutu. Pansi pa lachiwiri loti dorsal lili pakati pazoyambira ndi zipsepse zamkati. Msana suwonongeka bwino. Chiwerengero chonse cha ma vertebrae ndi 151, ma vertebrae omwe ali mumtengo wamsana ndi 64. Valavulaza yamatumbo oyambira imakhala ndi kutembenuka kwa 23-24.
Mano ang'onoang'ono, njira zopangika zala zala zomwe zimakutira kunja kwa gill, ndikufufuza kwapazomwe zili m'mimba mwa nyama zakufa zikuwonetsa kuti shaki zazikulu zazikulu, ngati chimphona zazikulu, shaki zam'manja ndi mafoni, zimasefa zolengedwa zochokera kuzinthu zazing'ono monga krill. Komabe, thupi lachiwonekere, zipsepse zofewa, mawonekedwe a asymmetric caudal ndi kufooka kwa khunyu ndikuwonetsa kuti nyamayi sigwira ntchito kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi ena omwe amachita zosefera. Kuwona kwa shark yokhala ndi gulu lalikulu lalikulu ndi kuwatsimikizira kumatsimikizira izi.
Krill, Copepods, ndi jellyfish anapezeka m'mimba mwa asodzi akuluakulu. Krill anapezeka m'mimba mwa shaki yoyamba. Thysanopoda pectinata , kutalika kotalika komwe kuli masentimita 3.1. Khunguli limachita kusuntha tsiku ndi tsiku, kusuntha masana pakati pa 300 ndi 1100 m, masango amtunduwu amawonedwa usiku pakuya kwa 150-500 m (kutalika kwakuya 75-525 m).
Ndiye kuti nsomba zazitali zazikulu zimasambira ndi pakamwa ponse potseguka chifukwa cha ubweya wambiri, nthawi zina zimatseka nsagwada zawo ndikusunga makosi awo kuti chakudya chisamere. Pakamwa pa akambuku akulu akulu muli siliva wowoneka bwino, yemwe mwina akuwunikira, kukhala msampha wopepuka wa krill. Imayamba kuoneka pamene shaki ikankhira kutsogolo kutsogolo. Kutha kukankhira nsagwada patsogolo mwina kumalola asakataka akulu kumayamwa chakudya.
Amunawa, omwe adapezeka pa Novembara 29, 1984 ndi Okutobala 21, 1990 kunyanja ya California, adagwirizana kale, monga zikuwonekeranso ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ma spermatophores kuchokera ku pterigopodia, komanso kukopa ndi magazi pa iwo. Mmodzi mwa abambo omwe ali pachibwano chapansi anali ndi chilonda chatsopano, chofanana ndi chomwe alandila asakataka atanyamula mnzake. Mwina chakumapeto, asodzi akuluakulu akuuluka mumadzi aku South California kuti akwatirane. Pterygopogia wa shaki yoyamba yamaso akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Iwo anali ochepa thupi ndi nsonga yolunjika, yomwe idapangira njira yopapatiza kwambiri.
Shark yachikazi yakufa 4.71 m adapezeka ku Japan pa Novembara 29, 1994. Ofufuzawo adamuwerengera mwatsatanetsatane ndikuwona kuti anali asanafike paubwana pamaziko oti chiberekero chake chinakulitsidwa kokha kuchokera kumapeto kwakumbuyo, thumba losunga mazira linali osakhazikika bwino, komanso ma oocytes, ma cestode, koma nthawi zambiri amaponyedwa pamtunda, chifukwa ndiokulirapo. Monga chiwonetsero, amaonedwa kwambiri ndi malo owonetsera zam'madzi ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale. Zosakwanira kusanthula momwe zasungidwira
Shark yayikulu, kapena Shark yayikulu (lat.Megachasma pelagios) - imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya lamba yomwe imadyera pa plankton (kuwonjezera pa chinsomba ndi shaki zikuluzikulu). Kuyambira pomwe chimphaka chakuya kwambiri mu 1976, chimakhala chokhacho m'mabanja a shaki zazikulu (lat. Megachasmidae). Mpaka Novembala 2004, zonena zosakwana 25 zidawonedwa, pomwe ochepa okha ndi omwe adatha kufufuza za sayansi. Zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika zokhudzana ndi umunthu, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso mtundu wa shaki iyi.
Mawonekedwe
Mtundu woyesedwa wamkulu anali mkazi wakufa yemwe ali ndi 5.8 m, womwe, pa Epulo 19, 2004, adatsukidwa ndi mafunde pafupi ndi mzinda wa Itihara ku Tokyo Bay. Choyerekeza chaching'ono kwambiri chinali chachimuna chomwe chinagwidwa pa Marichi 13, 2004 pafupi ndi chilumba cha Sumatra, chomwe chinali ndi 1.77 m.Chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri chomwe shaki yayikulu imadziwika ndi dzina lake ndi mutu waukulu wozungulira wokhala ndi mphuno yayifupi komanso kamwa yayikulu. Mtundu wa msana wake ndi woderapo, m'mimba mwake ndi opepuka. Shaki yayikulu imakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri za dorsal, imodzi asymmetric caudal fin, zipsepse zazikulu ziwiri zamkati, ndi zipsepse zam'mimba ziwiri, zomwe kumbuyo kwake kuli kocheperako.
Kufalitsa
Shaki zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zimapezeka ku Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian Ocean, nthawi zambiri, kugombe la California ndi Japan. Kuchokera pamenepa, akatswiri a sayansi amati chilengedwechi chimagaidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo chimakonda kutentha kosangalatsa. Mating, zikuwoneka kuti, amachitika kugombe la California, komwe kunali komwe akulu akulu amuna ndi shaki wamkulu amapezeka.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kafukufuku wam'mimba mwa nyama zakufa awonetsa kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, monga krill, ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha shaki yayikulu. Mosiyana ndi shaki yayikulu, yomwe imangosefa madzi okhala ndi plankton, shaki yokhala ndi mbewa zazikulu imatha kutunga madzi kuti ayesetse. Sizikudziwika ngati nyama zing'onozing'ono zilinso m'zakudya za nyama izi.
Khalidwe
Pa Okutobala 21, 1990, asayansi pafupi ndi California adakwanitsa kugwira wamwamuna wamamita asanu mulifupi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, shaki yayitali kwambiri anali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito wailesi komanso kumasulidwa. Chifukwa chake, deta yoyamba idapezeka pamachitidwe osuntha a shaki, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe ake ofukula. Zinadziwika kuti shaki yayikulu-yomwe imakhala usiku wonse pakuya pafupifupi 15 mita, ndipo masana imagwa mpaka kufika pakuya mamita 150. Mwina, shaki imatsatiranso matalala, omwe amasintha malo ake ozungulira motsatira phokoso.
Kupeza
Ndizosatheka kunena motsimikiza ngati anthu anakumanapo ndi mitunduyi m'mbuyomu komanso ngati ndi yomwe inali nthano za nthano zam'madzi, zomwe ndi msanganizo wa chinsomba ndi shaki. Inayamba kugwidwa koyamba pa Novembara 15, 1976 kuchokera pachilumba cha Oahu ku Hawaii, pambuyo pofotokozedwa. Unali wamwamuna, wamtali wa 4.46 m, womwe adagwidwa ndi chombo chofufuzira ku America atayesa kuluma zingwe zomwe zidapinda m'madzi ndikukhazikika mkati mwake. Nyamayi idaphunziridwa mosamala ndipo lero nyama yake yokhala ndi chiweto imasungidwa mu Honolulu Museum.
Shaki yayikulu-pelagic yokhala ndi mpikisano weniweni pakuwombera kanema woopsa. Aliyense amene anawona chilombo ichi chokhala ndi pakamwa lalikulu kwambiri adzakumbukira msonkhano uno kwamuyaya.
Koma ngakhale chiwombankhanga chimawoneka bwino, sichikhala choopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa chakuti amadya ndi timadontho tating'ono komanso nkhwangwa, monga chinsomba chachikulu. Inde, ndikakumana naye m'madzi am'madzi mwa anthu ndi vuto losowa kwambiri: malo ake okhala ndi nyanja zakuya, zomwe nthawi zina zimafika pakuya kwa ma mita 150, ndipo shaki imakwera mpaka pamtunda wamamita khumi ndi asanu osapezeka komanso usiku.
Kukumana koyamba kwa munthu wokhala ndi chinsomba chachikulu kudachitika mu 1976, pomwe sitima yaku America idachita kafukufuku wazinyanja zam'nyanja ya Pacific pafupi ndi zilumba za Hawaii. Pakuya kupitirira mamilimita 4600, anangula awiri apadera a parachute adatsitsidwa kenako ndikukwera chombocho, chomwe chimathandizira kuti chombocho chikhale pamafunde amadzi. Mu chipangizo chimodzi, anangula adatsekedwa ndipo shaki yosadziwika mpaka pano idakwezedwa. Kutalika kwa nsombayo kunali 4.46 metres, ndipo kukula kwake pakamwa kudadabwitsa ndiye aliyense wopezekapo. Apa ndipamene adamupatsa dzina la pelagic lalikulu-loutu (lat. Megachasma pelagios). Pelagic - chifukwa malo omwe amakhala ndi "mesopilagil" zone (ndiye kuti kuya kwa nyanja ndi ma 150-500 metres), ndipo chifukwa chake ndi yokulirapo - yang'anani zithunzi izi ndipo zonse zikhala zomveka kwa inu.
Kwa zaka makumi anayi zikubwerazi, shaki yayitali kwambiri idagwa m'manja mwamunthu mosaposa katatu, monga zikuwonetsedwera ndi zithunzizo, ndipo nthawi zambiri awa ndi zitsanzo zazing'ono kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 3 mita kutalika.
Mu 2004 kokha, mayi wakufa wokhala ndi shaki yayikulu adagwa m'manja mwa asayansi, pomwe namondwe adakumana ndi Japan. Kutalika kwake kunali 5.5 mita, ndipo malinga ndi asayansi, awa sindiwo malire a kukula kwa shaki, mwina mwina kwinakwake, pakuzama kwambiri kwa nyanja, kuli oimira shaki amtali asanu ndi awiri. Koma pakadali pano, izi ndi nkhambakamwa chabe komanso malingaliro, ndipo zenizeni zomwe zakhazikika ndizakuti shaki zazitali zazitali zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi kumene kuli madzi ofunda. Kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa amuna kwalembedwa kopitilira kamodzi pachilimwe ku gombe la California. Izi zimathandiza asayansi kuti azindikira kuti ndi nthawi yanthawi ino yokha yomwe kukhwima kumachitika. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi mitundu ya ovoviviparous, ndiye kuti, wamkazi amatenga ana ake m'mimba mwake ndipo shaki zazing'ono zimabadwa kale. lofalitsidwa
Kodi dzinali limachokera kuti?
Shaki yokhala ndi mbewa zazikulu, malinga ndi zolemba zochepa zomwe zilipo, imawoneka ngati msanganizo wa chinsomba ndi woimira shaki. Banja lomwe nyamayi ndi yomwe imayimilira yokha idalandira dzina ladzukulu zazikulu zomwe ndizofunikira kumeza unyinji wamadzi . Munthu wotere ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu zomwe sizikhala moyo wokhalitsa. Pamodzi ndi nyalugwe ndi amphaka akuluakulu, nyamayi "imamwaza" ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono kuchokera kumadzi.
Mawu akuti “pelagic” ophatikizika mwa anthuwa amatanthauza kuti amakhala kutali ndi kosakhalitsa ndipo akuzama kupitirira 100 metres. Oimira banja lino ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndipo amakonda madzi ofunda, mwachitsanzo, ku Hawaii ndi California. Shaki ya Bolsherot ndiyosowa kwambiri ndipo ndiyomwe ukuyimira banja lake lokhalo.
Mbiri Yofufuza Zanyama
Umboni woyamba wodziwika wa nsomba zazikuluzikulu za pelagic unalembedwa mu 1976. Zambiri ndizosowa kwambiri, chifukwa mdziko lapansi mulibe anthu 100 a banja lino. Pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito asayansi anali nyama zochepa chabe, kapangidwe ka zinthu zomwe zinapangidwa ndi ntchito zingapo za sayansi zoperekedwa kuzinthu izi.
Woimira woyamba wabanjali adapezeka Novembara 15, 1976 ku Hawaii, kutalika kwake idafika mita 4,4 . Poyamba, nyamayi idalakwika chifukwa choyimira wina wa asodzi - agalu amkhwalawa, palinso milandu pomwe shaki wamkulu wamkati adasokonekera ndi whale wakupha, chifukwa mitundu ya nyama ziwirizi ndi yofanana.
Habitat
Shaki yayikulu kwambiri ya pelagic ili m'gulu la nsomba zam'nyanja yakuya, komwe imakhala mozama mpaka 500 metres. Komabe, kuya kwakule kwambiri kwa nsomba'li pafupifupi 2500 metres. Makulidwe amtundu ndi owoneka bwino amakhala chenjezo kwa omwe amadyera , popeza palibe mano akuthwa kuti atetezedwe ku mtundu wa shaki. Pofufuza chakudya, anthu amatha kusamuka, koma amakonda madzi otentha komanso otentha.
Zomwe zimaswana zamtunduwu sizikudziwika, ndizomveka kuganiza kuti izi zimachitika chimodzimodzi ndi zomwe shaki yayikulu imachita. Mosiyana ndi anamgumi, omwe amangosefa madzi mkati mwa ndevu, shaki wokhala ndi mbali yayikulu amatulutsa mayendedwe akumeza mphindi zochepa zilizonse. Ngakhale nsomba ikhoza kusaka sichikudziwika, pakadali pano plankton, yomwe imakhala ndi crustaceans ndi jellyfish, imadziwika ngati chakudya.
Zizolowezi
Shaki yokhala ndi mbewa zazikulu kwambiri imakhala nthawi yayitali. Usiku, munthu amtunduwu samamira kuposa ma 15 metres, pomwe masana amafufuza plankton pakuya kwa mamita oposa 150. Kusamukira mkati mwamadzi makamaka chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa plankton, komwe kumakhalanso chikhalidwe kusintha kwa malo kutengera kugona kapena kudzutsidwa kwa omwe amadyera. Asayansi amavomereza kuti shaki yomwe inali ndi mbewa yayikulu kwambiri inali yotsika, ndiye kuti, idakhala pafupi ndi pansi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu azizindikira mochedwa.
Zinyama zachilengedwe komanso adani a shaki yayikulu
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali nyama zochepa zomwe zimadya nsomba zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu. Komabe, mitundu ina ya nyama zomwe zimadyera nyama zimagwirabe nyama izi:
Nyamayi imasamala pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha shaki yayikuluyi ndipo imangoyala nyama mthupi lake, nyama zambiri pali zipsera thupi . Pamaso, anthu omwe amawonerawo anali ndi mawonekedwe a kugunda ndi sting ndi jellyfish. Sizokayikitsa kuti tikulankhula za kuwukira mwachindunji, m'malo mwake kudziteteza, popeza Bolsherot imeza madzi ambiri poyesera kusefa krill.
Bolsherot shark: ndizowopsa kwa anthu?
Mtundu wa pelagic ulibe vuto kwa anthu ndipo ungangovulaza anthu osiyanasiyana omwe, mosazindikira, amapezeka pakamwa pa chimphona chija. Ma bolsher shoti ena onse osiyana kwambiri wodekha ndi wabwino mawonekedwe . Komanso, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya anthropogenic pamtundu wa shakiyi sikudziwika, ndizotheka kuti mtundu wamtundu wa shark umafunika kutetezedwa.
The heroine ya nthano ndi nthano
Shaki yayikulu kwambiri ya pelagic ikhoza kukhalanso yambitsa nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi zimphona zam'nyanja, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimalankhula izi nthawi imodzi:
- mawonekedwe owopsa, kuphatikiza pakamwa lalikulu,
- zazikulu zazikulu
- kufanana kwa anamgumi,
- kusambira mumadzi akuya.
Monga momwe zimachitikira ndi chimphona zazikulu, shaki zazikuluzikulu zazikulu za pelagic zimatha kukhala maziko kutuluka kwa nthano zosiyanasiyana odzipereka ku nsomba zazikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kumeza sitima. Mbiri iyi imayesetsa kupewa kucheza ndi anthu.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthumwi zambiri za banja ili zidapezeka zitafa kale. Milandu yomalizidwa yomaliza yolumikizana ndi omwe adalemba izi ndi ya 2015, zotsalazo zidayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale, kotero iwo amatha kuphunzira momwe woimira madzi akuzama m'mabungwe ang'onoang'ono amakhalira. Pakalipano, asodzi akuluakulu amakhala asakugwiridwe osati chiweto chokha, komanso usodzi, chifukwa nyama yawo imakhala yamtengo wapatali m'mitundu ingapo yapadziko lapansi nthawi imodzi.
Akatswiri ena asayansi akuyenera kunena kuti ndikofunikira kuphatikiza munthuyu mndandanda wazamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndikuletsa usodzi waukulu. Komabe, zomwe zapezekazi sizokwanira kungoganiza za momwe mtunduwu uliri komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu. Chiwerengero chomaliza cha nthumwi za banja lalikulu chinali anthu 102, omwe ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi ena oimira zolengedwa.
Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zidzakhala m'gulu la mitundu yomwe idzasowa m'zaka khumi zotsatira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa madzi anthropogenic. Komabe, ndikadali koyambilira kudziwa zamtsogolo za anthu awa.