Green mamba | |||||||||
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Gulu la asayansi | |||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Lepidosauromorphs |
Malo: | Caenophidia |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Elapoidea |
Onani: | Green mamba |
Dendroaspis viridis Hallowell, 1844
Green mamba , kapena mamba akumadzulo (lat. Dendroaspis viridis) - njoka yapoizoni. Imapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha za West Africa. Imagwira makamaka masana, koma nthawi yabwino ikhoza kusaka usiku. Zomwe zimadyedwa munyengo zachilengedwe ndi mbalame, abuluzi ndi zinyama zazing'ono. Mitundu yoyandikana kwambiri ya mamba obiriwira ndi mitu yopapatiza ndi mambas akuda. Poizoniyu amakhala ndi ma neurotoxins omwe amagwira ntchito mwachangu omwe angayambitse minyewa ya necrosis komanso ziwalo zamthupi. Munthu amene akudwala njoka koma osamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, akhoza kuphedwa.
Kufotokozera
Njoka yomangidwa mokoma ndi mchira wautali wopindika. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1.8 mpaka 2.1 m. Zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri zimafikira mamita 2.4 kutalika. Mutu umakhala wopapatiza, wamtondo, wopita mthupi. Njoka ikagwira khosi yake mokhazikika mlengalenga, khosi limayamba kufooka, koma "hood "yo, monga khwangwala, samapangika. Ana ali mozungulira, iris amakhala wachikasu.
Masikelo ndi osalala. Pofunda pamtunda pali chowala kuchokera ku chikasu chobiriwira kukhala chobiriwira m'malire achikaso chamaso. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njoka pomwe kumbuyo kwa thunthu ndi mchira wake kumakhala wachikasu kwathunthu. Pomaliza, zoyerekeza zina, miyeso imalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amiyala yakuda. Madera akhungu lakuda pakati pa tinsalu timapangidwa bwino pamutu ndi mchira. Mbali yakumwamba ya mutu imakhala ya utoto wofanana ndi kutsogolo kwa thupi, kapena pang'ono pang'ono kumada. Gawo lakumunsi la mutu, kummero, pamimba komanso m'matumbo aang'ono ndi achikasu achikasu kapena achikasu.
Khalidwe lachitetezo chivundikiro ndi motere: kuzungulira pakati pa thunthu 11-15, m'mimba 210- 242, kupendekera kwa 105-125 wophatikizidwa, chapamwamba labial 7-8, kutsika kolemba 11-31, kwakanthawi 2 + 2 (nthawi zina 2 + 3 kapena 2 + 4), preorbital 2-3, orbital 3-4 mamba. Chishango chothandizira chimagawidwa.
Kufalitsa
Masanjawa akukhudza madera okhala kumadzulo kwa West Africa: kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, kumwera kwa Ghana, Togo ndi kumpoto kwa Benin. Nigeria imanenedwanso m'mabuku angapo, komabe, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XXI, herpatologists adazindikira zowerengeka zokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa njoka mdziko muno ngati yosadalirika. Imachitika pamalo okwera mpaka 1000 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Malo okhala nkhalango zachilengedwe zosatha ndi mvula yopitilira 1,500 mm. Kumpoto kwa Togo, njoka imalowera m'nkhalango zowuma pang'ono; ku Guinea, imapezekanso mu savannah komanso m'malo osefukira a nyanja yamchere. Ku Gambia ndi Guinea-Bissau, njoka imakhala m'malo ochepa a nkhalango, komanso m'misika yopanda mitengo. Nthawi zina nyamayi imatha kupezeka m'malo opezeka anthu okhala.
Makhalidwe
Amatsogolera moyo wokakamira komanso wapadziko lapansi. Yogwira ntchito kwambiri masana, nthawi ndi nthawi imayamba kusaka usiku. Munthawi yake yaulere, amabisala korona wakuda, komwe sadziwika kwenikweni pamtunda wa masamba. Njoka yoyenda kwambiri komanso yachangu. Popewa kulumikizana ndi munthu, pamisonkhano amakonda kuthawira pamtengo kapena patchire. Podabwitsidwa, amachita zinthu mwankhanza: amakuwa mokweza ndikupanga chakudya chobwereza kulowera kwa mlendo, pogwiritsa ntchito mano akumwa.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Amadyetsa mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono, makamaka makoswe: mbewa, makoswe ndi agologolo, komanso mileme, ma dinosaurs oyera, ndi masilembo. Komanso amadya abuluzi ndi achule, mabwinja am'madzi am'madzi. Pakusaka, imathamangitsa ndikuluma nyama nthawi zambiri mpaka itafa chifukwa cha chiphe.
Zizindikiro zakunja za mamba obiriwira
Green mamba - njoka yaying'ono pafupifupi 1.5 mita yobiriwira.
Mutu umakhala wokhazikika mumapangidwe amanjana ndipo umalekanitsidwa ndi thupi. Mano awiri akuluakulu ali ndi poizoni ali kutsogolo kwa khomo lamkamwa. Mano opanda poizoni amapezeka pa nsagwada zonse. Maso amtchire obiriwira amakhala ndi mwana wamkulu wozungulira. Amakhala otseguka nthawi zonse, chifukwa amatetezedwa ndi zishango zowoneka bwino, osati ndi ma eyoni wamba. Mtundu wa iris ndi wofanana ndi khungu.
Mambas aang'ono obiriwira mpaka 7c cm nthawi zambiri amakhala obiriwira owala kapena obiriwira owala. Popeza afika kutalika kwa masentimita 70, amada ndipo amakhala ngati njoka yachikulire pakhungu la thupi.
Mtundu wamtundu wa mamba obiriwira wobiriwira bwino ndi wobiriwira pamimba pamimba. Chamoyo chamoyo chikakhazikika m'thupi, chimakhala chobiriwira komanso chamtambo, chobiliwira komanso chikasu.
Maonekedwe, kufotokozera
Njoka iyi ndi yokongola kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi onyenga. . Green mamba ndi amodzi mwa anthu.
Maonekedwe awa amalola mamba obiriwira kudzisintha okha ngati malo. Chifukwa chake, nkovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa njoka iyi ndi nthambi kapena wowoka.
Kutalika kwake, nyama zothimbirazi zimafika mamita awiri kapena kupitilira. Kutalika kwake kwa njokayo kudalembedwa ndi ofufuza 2.1 metres. Maso a mamba obiriwira amakhala otseguka nthawi zonse, amatetezedwa ndi mbale zapadera zowonekera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ali aang'ono, mtundu wake umakhala wobiriwira bwino, m'kupita kwa nthawi umakhala pang'ono. Anthu ena amakhala ndi lingaliro losalala.
Mutu umakhala wowongoka mosiyanasiyana ndipo sugwirizana ndi thupi. Mano oledzera mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa ziwiri ali kutsogolo kwa khomo lamkamwa. Mano kutafuna poizoni wopanda poizoni amapezeka pa nsagwada zapamwamba komanso zotsika.
Habitat, malo okhala
Njoka yobiriwira ya mamba ili ponseponse m'madera a nkhalango ku West Africa . Amapezeka kwambiri ku Mozambique, Eastern Zambia ndi Tanzania. Ochenjeza okhala m'nkhalango za bamboo ndi m'nkhalango za mango.
Ndizosangalatsa! Posachedwa, nkhani za kuwonekera kwa mitengo ya masamba obiriwira m'minda yamapaki yajambulidwa, mutha kukumana ndi mamba m'minda ya tiyi, yomwe imapangitsa moyo wa tiyi ndi osankha mango kukhala wakufa munthawi yokolola.
Amakonda malo onyowa, motero muyenera kusamala m'malo omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. mitengo ya mamba yobiriwira imakhala m'malo athyathyathya, koma imapezekanso m'mapiri ataliatali mpaka mamita 1000.
Zili ngati kuti zimapangidwa kuti zizikhala pamitengo ndipo mtundu wake wodabwitsa umawalola kuti asazindikire omwe angakumane nawo komanso nthawi yomweyo kubisala kwa adani.
Ma Mamba a Green Mamba
Mawonekedwe ndi moyo zimapangitsa njoka iyi kukhala imodzi yoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Green mamba sizimatsika pansi kuchokera pamitengo. Mutha kumakumana naye padziko lapansi pokhapokha ngati amakonda kwambiri kusaka kapena ataganiza zokhala pamwala padzuwa.
Mamba obiriwira amakhala ndi moyo wonga mtengo, ndi pomwe amapeza omwe amamuzunza. Zoyenera kuukira zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati zikufunika, podziteteza kapena kusaka.
Ngakhale kuli ndi poizoni wowopsa, uyu ndi wamanyazi komanso wopanda chiwawa, wosiyana ndi abale ake ena. Ngati palibe chomwe chikuwopseza, mamba obiriwira amakonda kusokera musanazindikire.
Kwa anthu, mamba obiriwira amabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu panthawi yokolola mango kapena tiyi. Popeza chophimbidwa bwino mu mitengo ya masamba, pomwe ndizovuta kudziwa.
Ngati mungasokoneze mwangozi ndikuwopseza chomera chobiriwira, chidzadziteteza ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida chake chakupha. M'nyengo yokolola, anthu ambiri amafa m'malo okhala ndi njoka.
Zofunika! Mosiyana ndi njoka zina, zomwe zimachenjeza za kuukira mwa machitidwe awo, mamba obiriwira, modzidzimutsa, amawukira nthawi yomweyo osachenjeza.
Imatha kukhala tulo masana, komabe, zochulukirapo za mamba obiriwira zimagwera usiku, panthawi yomwe iye amasaka.
Zakudya, chakudya cha njoka
Njoka nthawi zambiri sizilimbana ndi munthu yemwe sangathe kuzimeza. Koma izi sizikugwira ntchito ku mamba obiriwira, ngati zingachitike mwadzidzidzi, zitha kugunda chinthu chachikulu kuposa icho.
Njoka iyi kuchokera kutali ikamva kuti ili pachiwopsezo, ikakonda kubisala m'nkhalango zowirira. Koma ndikudabwitsidwa iye amamuukira, motero nzeru zodzitchinjiriza zimagwira ntchito.
Njokayo imadyera aliyense amene angamugwire ndikupeza yemwe angamupeze pamitengo . Monga lamulo, awa ndi mbalame zazing'ono, mazira a mbalame, zinyama zazing'ono (makoswe, mbewa, agologolo).
Komanso pakati pa omwe amazunzidwa ndi mamba obiriwira pamatha kukhala abuluzi, achule ndi mileme, nthawi zambiri - njoka zazing'ono. Omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amapezekanso mu zakudya za mamba obiriwira, koma pokhapokha pansi, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Kubalana, chiyembekezo chamoyo
Nthawi yayitali yotalika mamba obiriwira mwachilengedwe ndi zaka 6-8. Ali mu ukapolo, pazinthu zabwino, amatha kukhala ndi zaka 14. Njoka yoyikira mazira iyi imatha kuyikira mazira 8 mpaka 16.
Malo olima ndi milu ya nthambi zakale komanso masamba owola . Kutalika kwa nthawi ya makulitsidwe kuyambira masiku 90 mpaka 105, kutengera nyengo yakukhala. Njoka zimabadwa zochepa kwambiri mpaka masentimita 15 kutalika, nthawi imeneyo sizowopsa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Poizoni yemwe amakhala mu mamba obiriwira amayamba kupanga pomwe amafika masentimita 35-50 kutalika, ndiye kuti, masabata 3-4 atabadwa.
Nthawi yomweyo, molt woyamba amapezeka wazitsamba zazing'ono.
Njoka yoopsa ya njoka zobiriwira imakhala ya banja la aspida ndipo ndi gawo la mtundu wa mamba. Nthawi zina imatchedwa Western Mamba, chifukwa imakhala m'chigawo cha kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa pakati pa Mauritania ndi Nigeria. Pali osachepera 12 a iwo, ndipo amatambalala kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic. M'malo achondewa mumapezeka malo okhala zoopsa. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zam'malo otentha omwe kumagwa mvula yamvula yoposa masentimita 150. Kuphatikiza apo, malo omwe njoka zapoizoni ndizokondweretsa zimaphatikizapo nkhalango zowuma zosawerengeka, nkhono zam'madzi, tchire lopanda mitengo, komanso nkhalango.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Oimira nyamazo amagwira ntchito masana, koma amatha kusaka usiku. Amakhala padziko lapansi komanso pamitengo. Pumulani, monga lamulo, panthambi pakati pa masamba owonda, pomwe iwo ndi osawoneka. Mwachilengedwe, nyama yothirayi ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, imathamanga komanso imanjenjemera. Pakachitika ngozi, amayesa kuthawa ndikabisala m'nthambi zazitali za mitengo. Koma ngati njokayo imayendetsedwa pakona, ndiye kuti imakhala yamphamvu komanso yolimba mtima. Hisses mokweza ndipo akhoza kuluma kangapo.
Chakudya chachikulu chimakhala ndi mbewa, makoswe, agologolo ndi makoswe ena. Mbalame, mazira awo, mileme, ochenjera, abuluzi a mitengo, achule amathanso kudyedwa. Poganizira kuthamanga komanso kusunthidwa, mitengo yobiriwira yobiriwira imathamangitsa yemwe akuvutikayo, ndikuluma kangapo mpaka itafa poizoni. Zamoyo zapoizoni ndiz adani ochepa zachilengedwe. Ngozi ndimunthu ndi mbalame zodya nyama.
Poizoni wa mamba obiriwira
Poizoni wa mamba obiriwira ndi wakufa kwa nyama komanso anthu. Amakhala ndi ma presynaptic ndi ma postynaptic poizoni. Kuphatikiza apo, poizoni wa poizoniyo amadalira malo okhala, kadyedwe komanso zaka zapakati panu. Koma mulimonsemo, kuluma kumapha, kusiyana kumawonedwa munthawi yochepa. Nthawi yomweyo, kulumidwa kwa anthu amalembedwa kawirikawiri kwambiri chifukwa chakuti njoka yamtunduwu siimagwirizana kawirikawiri ndi anthu.
Komabe, munthu ayenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa kufa kuchokera kumaluma obiriwira mambas ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa kufa kuchokera ku kulumidwa kwa mamba. Munthu wolumidwa amayamba kumva kupweteka ululu kuluma, malo ozungulira bala. Mutu, nseru, kusanza, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupuma movutikira kumawonedwa. Kenako ziwalo zam'mapapo zimachitika, ndipo munthuyo amafa chifukwa cha kukomoka. Mapeto oopsa amabwera mwachangu kwambiri - mphindi 30 mpaka 40 kuchokera kuluma.
Poizoni amafalikira m'thupi mothamanga kwambiri, chomwe chimadziwika ndi mamba obiriwira. Katemera wapadera yekha ndi amene angamulepheretse. Pankhaniyi, ma ampoules 8-10 amaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo kwa munthu. Mankhwala ochepa okha oterewa ndi omwe amatha kupangitsa kuti poizoni wina asafe.
Njoka yakuda ya mamba ndi ya mtundu wam'banja la mambov wa katsutsidwe. Ili ndiye njoka yakupha kwambiri padziko lonse la Africa, komanso ikuphatikizidwa ndi zokwawa 20 zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, mamba wakuda amaonedwa ngati njoka yapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Njoka yakuda ya mamba ndi ya mtundu wam'banja la mambov wa katsabola
Habitat
Monga momwe dzina la nyengoyi likusonyezera, mitengo yobiriwira yakumadzulo imakhala ku West Africa. Mutha kukumana naye ku gawo la Ghana, Togo, Nigeria. Chimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, ndimakonda zitsamba zambiri. Nthawi zina mutha kupeza ma mamba obiriwira akumadzulo kumatauni akumatauni ndi m'mapaki. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za mamba obiriwira zimachitika masana, ngakhale nthawi zina zimayambika nthawi yamadzulo.
Amakhala m'malo a Ghana, Nigeria, Africa ndi Togo. Imakonda nkhalango zotentha za ku West Africa, imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zamtchire. Itha kupezekanso m'matawuni am'mizinda, m'mapaki.
Oimira onse amtundu wa Mamba ali okangalika kwambiri, motero adzafunika nkhono ndi nthambi zambiri, mu malo owonjezera omwe amafunika kuyikamo mbewu zenizeni kapena zopanga. Masana, mitengo yobiriwira yakumadzulo imakonda kudzimata yokha panthambi kapena kumangoyala. Popanda zovuta, mtunduwu umatha kusungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Kuphatikiza apo
Mamba obiriwira akumadzulo ndi amodzi mwa njoka zapoizoni kwambiri 20 padziko lapansi.
Pakukonza, mamba obiriwira akumadzulo ali ofanana ndi a Jameson Mamba (Dendroaspis jemesoni).
tsamba lopezeka ndi zopempha:
- mamba obiriwira akumadzulo
Ntchito yatsopanoyi ipereka mwayi wolamula mayendedwe pamitengo iwiri. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito ntchito yonyamula katundu. Mtengo woyamba umakulolani kuyitanitsa galimoto (Citroen Berlingo ndi Lada Largus) yokhala ndi chipinda chonyamula katundu chomwe chimanyamula katundu wosaposa 1 toni. Mtengo wachiwiri umaphatikizapo ma Vans ang'ono okhala ndi katundu wofika matani 3.5, mwachitsanzo, Citroen Jumper ndi GAZelle NEXT. Magalimoto sangakhale okalamba kuposa 2008, Kommersant akuti.
Komanso, makasitomala azitha kuyitanitsa mayendedwe ndi onyamula katundu, koma ngati dalaivala azigwira ntchito payekha, sadzalandira malamulowa. Yandex.Taxi ilonjeza "mabonasi apadera a anzanu ena ndi oyendetsa" omwe alumikizana ndi mitengo yatsopano.
Green Mamba (dzina lachi Latin Dendroaspis angusticeps ) - chaching'ono, chokongola komanso chowopsa poyizoni. M'malo ambiri owopsa zinyama pa dziko lathuli, njokayi imatenga malo "olemekezeka" a 14. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kuukira bambo popanda chifukwa, anthu aku Africa amutcha "mdierekezi wobiriwira."
Makhalidwe apadera
Mamba obiriwira ndi njoka yaying'ono (mpaka 15 cm) yakutali njoka yakuda. Pakati pa mutu ndi thupi pali khosi laling'ono loonda. Ikasuntha, imakhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yabuluu ndi wachikasu. Njoka zazing'ono (mpaka masentimita 7 kukula) nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira zowala kapena zobiriwira zowala. Maso ali ndi mwana wokuzungulira wazonse, malingaliro amaso - mtundu wamamba.
Green mamba zimatsogolera moyo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatsikira pansi. Nthawi zambiri imakwera mumtengo (kawirikawiri pachitsamba) ndikutsatira "nthambi". Nyama ikafika, njokayo imaluma ndi kuthamanga kwa mphezi. Chakudya chake ndi mbalame, achule amtchire ndi zinyama. Nthawi ndi nthawi, njokayo imasintha malo ake, kudumpha kuchokera pamtengo kupita pamtengo.
Green mamba amakhala malo amodzi okha padziko lapansi - kumadzulo kwa South Africa (Mazambia, Zambia, Tanzania).Kwa nzika zam'deralo, njoka ndi tsoka lalikulu, kotero kusonkhanitsidwa kwa masamba a tiyi ndi mango - ntchito yayikulu nzika - akusintha kukhala ntchito yakufa chifukwa cha iyo.
Vuto la Green mamba ndi mankhwala amphamvu a neurotoxic. Momwe imapha, imaposa poizoni wa mphiri. Koma mamba obiriwira amayesetsa kuti asangokuluma munthu, koma kubalanso ambiri momwe angathere. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa poizoni yemwe amalowa mthupi la munthu wolumidwa, nthawi zina amapitilira kuchuluka kwa nthawi 5-9. Anthu opitilira 40 amachitidwa nkhanza zobiriwira mamba ku Africa kuno chaka chilichonse.
Green Mamba Habitats
Green mamba zimakhala m'nkhalango za ku Africa. Pamakhala nkhokwe za nsungwi, mitengo ya mango ndi zitsamba m'mbali mwa gombe.
Mamba owongo-mutu (Dendroaspis angusticeps).
Kubala Green Mamba
Mamba obiriwira ndi dzira lomwe likugona. Zachikazi zimayikira m'chilimwe cha 6-18 mazira pakuwola chomera chomera. Njoka zazing'ono zimatha kupanga poizoni, zimatalika mainchesi 18.
Ngakhale njoka zazing'ono zobiriwira za mamba zimakhala ndi poizoni.
Green Mamba - njoka yachinyengo
Green mamba ndizowopsa makamaka kwa anthu am'deralo nthawi yomwe akutenga masamba a tiyi ndi mango. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa nyama zodzalidwa pamindayi, ntchito kwa osankha tsopano yayamba kugwira ntchito yoopsa. Mamba obiriwira obisala pakati pa masamba obiriwira omwe ali pamitengo, zitha kuwoneka kuti anthu sangasokoneze zouluka zowopsa, koma chowonadi ndi chakuti munthu akafuna njoka pansi pa mapazi ake, mu udzu ndi pansi, imathamangira pamwamba.
Njoka imagwera osachenjeza, ndipo mwayi wopewera kuluma ndi wocheperako. Chidacho chimagwira mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti madokotala alibe nthawi yoti abwerere seramu yotsutsana ndi njoka pomwepo, osabweretsa kuchipatala chapafupi. Ululu woyaka umawoneka kuchokera pakuluma. Pamene imafalikira, njoka za poizoni zimavulaza minyewa ndikuyambitsa matenda amiyendo. Zilonda zimakhalabe m'malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi thupi.
Njokayo imakhudzidwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imasokoneza anthu.
Mukamapita kumalo komwe mamba akukhalako, amuna operekeza amalimbikitsa kuvala zovala zolimba. Mambas obiriwira, pazifukwa zina, amakonda kugwa kuchokera kunthambi kumbuyo kwa kolala. Kuchoka pamenepo ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza, ndipo chinyama chakupha chija chimatha kubaluma.
Ndikosavuta kuwona njoka yobiriwirayi masamba ake. Komabe, m'malo obiriwira ma mamba obiriwira, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, kuyang'ana udzu womwe uli pansi pa phazi lanu ndi korona wazipatso zamitengo. Mukapeza mamba obiriwira, anthu am'deralo amalangizidwa kuti asaike pachiwopsezo, koma kungoyenda mozungulira malo owopsa.
Kuchita kwa poyizoni wa mamba obiriwira
Mamba obiriwira ndi njoka yapoizoni. Poizoni wake ndi mankhwala amphamvu a neurotoxic. Pakufa kwayo, imaposa poizoni wa mphiri.
Green mamba ikubweretsa mwachangu maboma angapo owopsa. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa poizoni yemwe amalowa mthupi la munthu wolumidwa kwambiri kupitilira muyeso wovomerezeka ndi nthawi 5-9. Anthu opitilira 40 amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa chakumwa kwazakudya ku Africa.
Chifukwa chake, sizodabwitsa kuti mamba obiriwira amatchedwa "mdierekezi wobiriwira." Koma, ngakhale atakhala ndi zinthu zopanda pake, pali okonda omwe ali ndi zosungidwa zawo zapoizoni, osilira mtundu wokongola wa khungu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani .
Pa mawu oti "mamba" m'maganizo a ambiri nthawi yomweyo pamatuluka chithunzi cha njoka yakuda yokongola, yomwe imatha kuthamanga kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu.
Komabe, nthawi ino zokambirana zidzakambirana za woimira wina wa fuko la Mamb: za wachibale wobiriwira wa mamba wakuda.
Chithunzi cha mamba obiriwira
Nyamayi imakhala m'nkhalango zamvula za ku West Africa, amakonda kukhala pamitengo kapena zitsamba. Mtundu wake wachikaso wowoneka bwino umayenderana ndi udzu wobiriwira, motero sikophweka kuzindikira njoka yokongola iyi pachitsamba chilichonse.
Mamba obiriwira samawoneka konse ngati mlongo wake wakuda: ndiwocheperako komanso wocheperako ndipo amakula mpaka 2,5 metres, kutengera kukongola kowopsa kwa Africa. Amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pamitengo, kutsikira pansi kokha kukasaka kapena kukhwima. Chakudya cha njokayo ndi makoswe, anapiye ang'ono, abuluzi ang'ono, ndi mazira a mbalame.
Koma kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mamba obiriwira ndi wakuda ndi khalidwe. Njoka iyi imadziwika ndi mzimu wodekha komanso wosakhazikika, pomwe amamba akuda amadziwa chilichonse mozungulira ndi mdani. Nthawi zambiri, mamba obiriwira amaponyera kapena kuluma.
Nthawi zambiri, wina akamusokoneza, amayamba kulira kenako nkuchokapo. Komabe, ngati wobvutitsayo akupitilizabe kuukira, njokayo imadziteteza ndikuluma. Musaiwale kuti mamba obiriwira ali ndi poizoni wa neuroto. Ndiwofowoka kwambiri kuposa poyizoni wa mamba wakuda, komabe zimavulaza kwamanjenje. Mwamwayi, kuzunza anthu ndizosowa kwambiri chifukwa chokhala mwamtendere. Nthawi zambiri anthu amabwera ndi zinthu zokongola izi zikugwira ntchito yolima mango. M'nyengo yotentha, mambas amaikira mazira 6 mpaka 17 omwe ana amasentimita 40 amatulutsa.
Njoka yoopsa ya njoka zobiriwira imakhala ya banja la aspida ndipo ndi gawo la mtundu wa mamba. Nthawi zina imatchedwa Western Mamba, chifukwa imakhala m'chigawo cha kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa pakati pa Mauritania ndi Nigeria. Pali osachepera 12 a iwo, ndipo amatambalala kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic. M'malo achondewa mumapezeka malo okhala zoopsa. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zam'malo otentha omwe kumagwa mvula yamvula yoposa masentimita 150. Kuphatikiza apo, malo omwe njoka zapoizoni ndizokondweretsa zimaphatikizapo nkhalango zowuma zosawerengeka, nkhono zam'madzi, tchire lopanda mitengo, komanso nkhalango.