Zotsalira za galu wosakanizidwa ndi nkhandwe zomwe zimapezeka ku America ndi zaka 10,000. Zida zopezeka ku Europe ndi za nthawi ya Paleolithic.

Mu 1766, aku Britain anayesa kudutsa galu wa mbusa wa mestizo ndi nkhandwe. Kuyesaku kunali kopambana, zinyalala zomwe adazipeza zidatchedwa "galu wa Pomeranian". Nyama zimasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama komanso malo abwino.

Zoyesera pakubera nkhandwe zakhala zikuchitika kwanthawi yayitali, koma adalandira kuvomerezedwa: galu wolusa Sarlos ndi nkhandwe ya Czechoslovakian.

Mu 2000, a Perm Institute of Internal Troops, motsogozedwa ndi Kasimov Vyachelav Makhmudovich, adakhazikitsa pulogalamu yowongolera mtundu wa nkhandwe. Munkhalangomo, nkhandwe yaikazi yowoneka ikupezeka, itasiya zizolowezi za chilombo. Zotsatira zakuchulukitsidwa ndi abusa achimuna aku Germany, tinapeza ana agalu achitsanzo. Zotsatira zake, zinali zotheka kupanga anthu 46 okhala ndi psyche yokhazikika. Pulogalamuyo ili ndi nyama 5, zotsalazo ndizopangidwira magulu apadera.

Kuyesera kwa ku Germany pakubala wosakanizira kwambiri wa galu ndi nkhandwe kwalephera. Mestizos sanagonjere maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Adazolowera anthu omwe adawadyetsa ndipo akuwopa alendo, kuwombera kwa zoo sikungatheke.

Maonekedwe a nkhandwe

Mitunduyo imakhala ndi nkhandwe, koma yaying'ono. Kukula 35-60 cm, ndi kulemera kwa 50 kg.

• Thupi lamphamvu, londa, liri ndi mbali zopindika komanso chifuwa chachikulu.
• Matata amtali, olimba. Maburashi akuluakulu.
• Chovalacho nchowongoka, chowombera ndi undercoat yowonda.
• Mutu wa nkhandwe imakhala yolingana ndi torso, yokhala ndi kupindika kwapamwamba komanso zibwano zamphamvu. Pakati pa makutu okhazikika, chigaza chimakhala pafupifupi lathyathyathya.
• Mano ndi osalala komanso akuluakulu.
• Akadakhala kuti panali abusa achi Germany ku banja la mestizo, utoto ukadakhala wakuda, mwina wakuda. Husky ndi husky adzapereka mphotho pazithunzi zonse za imvi.

Ku Perm, kumalo osungira kukhudzana, mutha kuwona ndi maso anu mimbulu yodziwika ndi nkhandwe. Chobadwa chibadwa (kuluma kufalikira) chidamupangitsa kukhala wosayenera kutumukira kumudzi.

Khalidwe la Wolfhound

Agalu okhala ndi mitundu ya nkhandwe amakhala apamwamba kwambiri komanso apadera.

• Gawo lalikulu la mimbulu yonse iyenera kukhala yopanda chidwi. Utsogoleri ndi nkhwawa za zoo sizimakumbukiridwa.
• Lingaliro la fungo la nkhandwe limapangidwa bwino, limatha "kutenga" fungo lomwe silimalephera kwa agalu (mafuta). Siyanitsani magazi a munthu wathanzi ndi wodwala khansa.
• Kutha kubisika m'malo otseguka.
• Zambiri zakuthupi ndi talente yabwino yochira msanga. Kupirira, kukana kuzizira. Volkosob imagwira mtunda wa makilomita 200 mu maola 24, imatenga cholepheretsa mamita awiri kuchokera pamenepo.
• Kugwira kwapadera kwa nsagwada popanda kusokoneza. Kugwira, galu mokhazikika amayamba kufika pamalo achisoni.
• Nyama zanzeru. Kuzindikira kwa chinthu kumatenga masekondi 13 mpaka 20, galu, 1.5-5 mphindi. Wolfhound amayendayenda mozungulira, kuzindikira zomwe akufuna. Galu, poyamba amayang'ana gawo lonse.
• Zotengeka pang'ono. Potsata chigawenga, satengeka, amachita "ndi mutu wozizira", momveka, mwanzeru.
• Kupanda chikondi. Ziweto - gawo loipa. Koma mmbulu wolondera malire sichiyenera kutamanditsa mwini wake. Amphongo amasintha pafupipafupi, mestizo munthawi yochepa imazolowera wochititsa watsopano, osakumana ndi zovuta.
• Wolfhound samalira, nthawi zina imatha kulira.

Makhalidwewa ndi achilengedwe mu nkhandwe zonse. Pokhudzana ndi anthu, otetezedwa, amanyazi. Kupsa mtima kosalamulirika ndi kusalamulira ndi malingaliro chabe. Wolfhound amawona malo awo kwa alendo kuchokera mphindi zoyambirira zoyankhulirana. Mukakumana, muyenera kudekha, molimba mtima, mosasamala kanthu za chinyama.

Ana agalu a Wolfhound okhala ndi magazi am'madzi a 10% siosiyana kwambiri ndi ana abusa aang'ono. Pokhala ndi kupsya mtima, amakhala odzilamulira komanso okonda ufulu.

Maphunziro a Wolfhound

Maphunziro a Mestizo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Wolfhound ali ndi malingaliro okwanira. Kuzindikira kwa chidziwitso kumakhala kwachangu kwambiri kuposa kwa mbusa waku Germany.

Mwachilengedwe, amangomvera mbuye wamphamvu kwambiri, apo ayi amayesetsa kutenga utsogoleri. Galu amayesetsa kuti akhale mtsogoleri nthawi zonse, popanda chenjezo. Ndikofunika kuonetsa kulimba mtima, osawonetsa mantha.

Chilango chakuthupi pakuphunzirira ndizosatheka, izi zimakwiyitsa chirombo. Wambuyo wonyada adzabwezera wolakwayo, chifukwa cha kununkhira kwabwino, adzaulula m'khamulo moyenera.

Ndi zizindikiro zakulamulira, ndikokwanira kugwedeza nyamayo ndikufinya ndikuyiyika pamimba, kuwonetsa "wamkulu ndani mnyumbayo."

Wogwiritsa galu ayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndi katswiri wa galu wodziwa bwino zoopsychology. Popanda maphunziro abwino, mestizo imakula mopanda kusamala komanso yowopsa.

Pogwira ntchito, galu wolusa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovuta kwambiri, komwe galu wamba sangathe kupirira.

Momwe mungasankhire mwana

Pa intaneti, zotsatsa zogulitsa mtundu wa nkhandwe zimapezeka nthawi zina. Koma kulibe malo ogulitsa ku Russia. Kubzala galu kumachitika kokha mu Perm Territory, anthu onse adalandira kupita kukatumikira dziko la eni.

Ana agalu a Wolfhound sagulitsidwa mwaulere, koma ogulitsa osakhulupirika sakuperekedwa. Kudutsa galu wofanana ndi nkhandwe. Mtengo pankhaniyi udzakhala wokwera kwambiri.

Oyesera ena amapanga ma mestizos, koma popanda njira yasayansi, simungavomereze zokwanira za anthu otere.

Kupeza galu wosakanizidwa wathunthu ndi nkhandwe sikophweka. Mbeu yopanda mbewu imatha kukhala ndi machitidwe osayenera. Kuti izi zisachitike, chilombocho chiyenera kukhala chololera kwa anthu.

Volkosob sanapangiremo kukonza nyumbayo. Chinyama chokonda ufulu pamalo otsekeredwa chimachita mosadalirika: chimakwirira zinthu, ndikukonzekera pogroms.

Malo otchingidwa ndi malo otentha, malo oyenera kwambiri a nkhandwe. Ndizosavomerezeka kusunga galu pa unyolo, amafunika ufulu woyenda, mwinanso nyamayo ikakwiyitsidwa ndikuwukira mwini wake.

Kuchokera kwa nkhandwe, wosakanizidwa ali ndi mawonekedwe okonda ufulu, amakonda kupeputsa ndi kuwononga. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa khomalo limakutidwa ndi mauna achitsulo. Popeza tasiya kucheza ndi mwiniwake, galu wolumalayo sabwerera kwa anthu.

Mestizos safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kuphatikiza ndi kutsuka tsiku ndi tsiku sikuli kwa iwo. Mukasungunuka, mumatha kudutsa pakati pa ubweya ndi furminator kuti mumawoneka bwino.

Zakudya za galu wolusa sizimasiyana ndi galu. Ku Perm Institute, menyu awo amakhala ndi magalasi-700 magalamu, nyama -500 magalamu, masamba-200. Ziwonetserozi zimakonda kukuta fupa la muubongo. Lamulo lofunikira pakudya ndilabwino. Kudyetsa kouma ndikosavomerezeka, m'mimba mwa nkhandwe sikusinthidwa kuti ikonzeke. Amakonda mestizos ndi maswiti, koma simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika. Mwina chilimbikitso chochepa kwambiri pantchito yomwe mwachita bwino.

Mimbulu yolumikizana ndi theka yolodya, ndipo muyenera kuipatsa nyama yosaphika nthawi zonse, kuchokera ku nsomba zam'nyanja zatsopano, sizingakane.

Zaumoyo ndi Matenda

Wophatikiza wamkulu mu thanzi la galu. Matenda obadwa kwa agalu akulu sichachilendo kwa iye. Chitetezo champhamvu chimakupatsani mwayi wogwira ntchito m'malo owopsa. Wolfhound imapulumuka pafupifupi kulikonse.

Matenda opatsirana m'matanthwe a nkhandwe amadutsa popanda zotsatira. Imfa ndi zodwala zokha. Zotsatira za katemera wa galu pa iwo sizinaphunzire, ndipo zapadera sizinapangidwe. Makulidwe a aberewa amawona iyi ngati gawo lapadera poletsa zosagwidwa zosakanizidwa m'manja mwamseri.

Mothandizidwa ndi veterinarian, nkhandwe sizifunikira katatu, nthawi zochepa, abale apakhomo. Nthawi zambiri moyo wa nkhandwe umatha zaka 20. Amphaka omwe amagwira ntchito ndi agalu amazindikira kuti, mpaka atakalamba, amakhalabe ndi fungo lakuthwa komanso mawonekedwe. Ngakhale atakalamba, mimbulu imatha kugwira ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri komanso kugwira olakwira.

Makhalidwe obadwa

Chiyambi:Russia Zoyenera kumangidwa:Nyumba yokhala ndi munda waukulu Kuikidwa:Ofesi Mtundu:Zonar (nkhandwe), kuchokera ku imvi yopepuka mpaka kumdima, bulauni ndi wakuda, kawirikawiri siyoyera Kutalika Kwaubweya:Pakatikati Kukula kwa Agalu Achikulire:Amuna - 60 cm wolemera 50 kg, Bitch - 55 cm ndi kulemera kwa 40 kg Kutalika kwa moyo:Zaka 18-20 (panali milandu mpaka zaka 30) Yendani:Osowa katatu patsiku Kufunika kochita zolimbitsa thupi:Kufunika kwakukulu Kugawidwa kwa International Kennel Federation (ICF):Sichizindikirika ndi IFF Mtengo wa mwana wamkazi:20000-30000 rubles

Zosiyanitsa

Wolfhound ndi wosiyana ndi galu komanso nkhandwe. Oimira mtundu uwu amawoneka kwambiri ngati nkhandwe, koma pomvera ndi kudzipereka kwa anthu, amawoneka ngati agalu apakhomo. Mwakukula kwake, Wolfhound ndi ochepa kuposa nkhandwe, koma yokulirapo kuposa galu. Izi zimaphatikizira mbali zonse za makolo mofananamo:

• Kukula ndi Kulemera: wamwamuna - 60 cm. ndi 50 kg., wamkazi - 55 cm. ndi 40 kg.
• Mutu: kuchuluka, kuchuluka kwa thupi.
• Maso: mawonekedwe a amondi, amber kapena opepuka.
• Makutu: yopingasa, yotchinga, yayikulu.
• Mphuno: yopanda, mphuno zazikulu, mtundu wakuda chabe.
• Khosi: youma, pamakona a 40 °.
• Paws: kutsogolo kowongoka ndi yopapatiza, ma paws amatulutsidwa, okwera, amanjenje.
• Torso: zolimba.
• Mchira: khalani okwera, kufikira metatarsus, wandiweyani.
• Chophimba chaubweya: wandiweyani, pali undercoat.
• Mtundu: wolfish (kuchokera ku imvi zopepuka mpaka zakuda, zofiirira ndi zakuda).

Mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe

Poyamba, Volkosobov adawonetsedwa chifukwa cha boma. Tsopano amapezeka ngati ziweto.

• Makhalidwe a omwe akuyimira mtunduwu amadalira mwachindunji zomwe zili amtundu wa nkhandwe mu DNA yawo. Agalu a m'badwo wachinayi amatha kukhala ankhanza kwambiri komanso okayikira anthu. Chifukwa chake, Volkosob iyenera kuphunzitsidwa ndi okhazikika agalu okha.
• Mawunda ndi anzeru kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mitundu ya M'busa waku Germany, amakumbukira mwachangu malamulo ndipo siovuta kuphunzitsa.
• Mosiyana ndi kholo lawo la kunyumba, a Wolfhound, chifukwa cha kununkhira kwawo, amachita ntchito zakusaka maulendo 10 mwachangu. Galu waubusa amatenga mphindi 6, galu wolusa amakhala ndi mphindi zochepa. Nsagwada za mtundu wachilendowu zimakhala zamphamvu nthawi zambiri. Ngati agwirira dzanja lake, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuti amuletse. Ingopita molamulidwa ndi eni ake.
• Mimbulu ndi nyama zachikhalidwe. Nthawi zonse amafunikira paketi komanso mtsogoleri. Chifukwa chake Wolfhound. Nthawi zonse amafunikira mtsogoleri, ndipo ngati mwini wakeyo sangathe kuwonetsa kuti ndi amene akuwayang'anira, chiweto chimatha kuyamba kuwongolera. Izi zidzapangitsa kuti galu atheretu. Ndi chifukwa chachikondi cha paketi yomwe imachoka kuchokera kwa nkhandwe komwe Wolfhound amakonda kukhala m'mabanja akuluakulu.
• Mawunda ndiabwino. Amatha kupanga zibwenzi ndi munthu aliyense mosavuta. Izi ndi zabwino pamene galu wamkulu wachotsedwa. Koma simuyenera kuzolowera kukhala bwino ndi anthu osawadziwa, chifukwa mtunduwu umapangira chitetezo.

Zabwino

Wolfhound ili ndi zabwino zambiri:

1. Luntha Lotsogola
2. Kukumbukira kwakukulu. Amakumbukira maguluwa bwino
3. Zachitetezo chachikulu,
4. Weruzani matenda obadwa nawo
5. Sizingolira kapena kungokhala chete, osangokhala chete,
6. Kusewera
7. Chikhalidwe,
8. Kufuna kumva kununkhira ndi kumva,
9. Kutalika kwa moyo. Chiyembekezo chamoyo (mpaka zaka 20-30),
10. Kusintha kosintha ndikusintha kakhalidwe,
11. Kusamalira tsitsi kosavuta
12. Ubwenzi,
13. Kuleza kuzizira.

Zoyipa

Ngakhale pali zabwino zambiri, Volkosob ili ndi zovuta zake:

• Sizingokhala m'nyumba (ndikufuna malo ochulukirapo)
• Kufunika kwambiri kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuphunzitsa,
• Molimba mwamphamvu
• Osakhala odekha nthawi zonse
• Osakonda kucheza ndi nyama zina.

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Ma wolfhound samalola malo ang'onoang'ono ndi maunyolo. Ndikwabwino kuyiyambitsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi nyumba yokhala ndi dimba lalikulu.. Kwa chiwetocho, muyenera kupanga malo owuluka owuluka ndi mpanda wokwera ndikuyika malo otentha pamenepo. Ngakhale kuti ma Wolfhound amalekerera kuzizira ndi kutentha bwino, ndikofunikira kupewa kukonzekera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali bwalo lalikulu pabwalo.

Palibe zovuta zapadera posamalira Volkosobos. Chachikulu ndikudyetsa nthawi, kupereka madzi okwanira, kuyang'anira momwe maso ndi makutu akumayang'anirana, ndikuwona mawonekedwe amkati mwa mucous ndikumeta tsitsi nthawi yopukutira.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Malamba sangathe kudyetsedwa chakudya chouma, chifukwa m'mimba mwawo simungathe kugaya. . Amatha kupatsidwa chimanga, nyama ngakhale masamba. Amakonda kukuta fupa laubongo ndipo sataya maswiti. Koma kuvutikira izi sikuyenera, ngati mphotho. Komanso musaiwale za nkhandwe ya Volkosob. Afunika kupatsidwa nyama yaiwisi kapena nsomba zam'nyanja tsiku lililonse.

Ana agalu amadyetsedwa bwino kwambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi 6 pa tsiku. Ndipo, mukakula, mutha kusamutsa galuyo pakudya katatu. Gawolo limakulanso.

Ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya:

• nyemba
• mapira (chilichonse chomwe chapangidwa ndi icho),
• mphesa
• ma acorn
• mtedza
• pistachios ndi zoumba.

Katemera

1. Kufunika kokacheza kwa vet ndikocheperako, mosiyana ndi agalu osasankhidwa. Wolfhound samadwala matenda a anzawo. Matenda okhawo omwe akuyenera kuwopa ndi matenda a chiwewe.
2. Chifukwa chazachilengedwe cha nkhandwe ya DNA, pali kuleza mtima kwa katemera wa Wolfhound.. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale katemera ku matenda a chiwewe atha kukhala osadabwitsa.

Agalu oyang'anira agalu amalangiza, makamaka, kupatsa galuyo katemera wofanana ndi ziweto atafunsira kwa veterinarian.

Volkosob

Galu wakhala akudziwika kwa anthu kwanthawi yayitali, ngati nyama yomwe idabisidwa ndipo idachita mbali ina yofunika m'moyo wa munthu. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu nthawi zonse amafuna kuteteza nkhandwe, chifukwa nyamayi imakhala ndi zabwino zingapo poyerekeza ndi galu.

Pazaka zambiri, zoyesayesa zambiri zakhala zikuchitika kuti awoloke galu ndi nkhandwe, koma palibe chabwino chidadza ndi izi, ngakhale zochitika zodziwika bwino zodziwika. Ndipo, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, akatswiri adakwanitsa kubala, omwe amatchedwa "Volkosob". Maonekedwe a mtundu woterewu ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali komanso yopweteka, chifukwa chomwe nyama yokhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ya galu ndi mmbulu idabadwa.

Kuyenda

• Wolfhound ndi mtundu wogwira ntchito kwambiri.
• Amafunikira kuyenda mtunda wautali ndi kulimbitsa thupi.
• Kuyenda ndikwabwino m'mapaki apadera komanso m'nkhalango.
• Izi zichitike osachepera katatu patsiku, kuphatikiza masana agalu akuthamanga kudzera paviyo.

Kusamalira tsitsi

Palibe zovuta kusamalira tsitsi la nkhandwe:

• Muyenera kuthana nazo kokha mu nthawi yosungunula.
• Mutha kuchapa Volkosob kamodzi pamwezi.
• M'chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa malo osambira kumayenera kuwonjezereka kuti galu athe kulolera bwino kutentha.
• M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kusamba nthawi zambiri.
• Galu nthawi zambiri saloledwa kulowa mnyumbamo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakhala nthawi yayitali mumsewu.
• Chifukwa cha chovala chonyowa, chomwe chiri chovuta kwambiri kuti chiume kwathunthu, galu amatha kugwira chimfine.

Kugogoda

Service Wolfhound nthawi zambiri samalumikizana, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mimbulu kumachepa. Ndipo izi zimatsogolera ku mfundo yoti, monga, mwachitsanzo, kununkhira, pang'onopang'ono kumakhala koipa, ndipo agalu oterewa salinso oyenera kuchitidwa.

1. Kunyumba, ziweto zimatha kuluka, ngati agalu wamba. Koma zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa a Wolfhound akungoyamba kutchuka, ndipo kusankha bwenzi sikophweka.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito bwino kutentha kwachitatu. Ndiye kuti, pafupifupi miyezi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu.
3. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kupatsa agalu madzi okwanira. Pansi ndi yokutidwa ndi kapeti. Izi zimachitidwa kuti nyambo za nyama zisamire.Zingachitike, agalu amazunzidwa.
4. Thandizo lingafunike mukangoyamba kumene kukhwimagalu atatsamira thupi lake pang'ono. Komanso, zikafika ku "nyumba yachifumu", ndibwino osasokoneza ziweto.

Mfundo Zazikulu Kuphunzitsa

• Ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa Volkosob. Ndiwanzeru kwambiri ndipo amakumbukira mwachangu malamulo onse, ndipo ngati poyamba adawonetsedwa kuti mwini ndiye wamkulu, galu ndiye wodzipereka kwambiri komanso womvera kwambiri.
• Mwana akangolowa m'nyumba, muyenera kuwonetsa mtsogoleriyo kuti ndi ndani. Izi zobereketsa zimakhala ndi chizolowezi chowopsa - kulamulira mwini. Khalidweli liyenera kuyimitsidwa pomwepo kuti muwonongeke galu.
• Werengani momwe mungaphunzitsire galu m'nkhaniyo: "Phunzitsani mwana wa galu: njira zabwino kuchokera kwa othandizira agalu, phunzitsani magulu kunyumba."

Ndikwabwino kupatsa mwana wa galu kuti amuphunzitse galu wodziwa galu. Adzagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera, polimbikitsa galu kupereka malamulo.

Zambiri Zambiri Zokhudza Wolfhound

M'masiku otsogola, nkhandwe zoyambirira zimadziwika kuti zimapezeka. Anthu adaphunzira izi pazakafukufuku wakale. Zinapezeka kuti ma hybrids amenewa anali ku America zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Ku Europe, adawonekera patapita nthawi.

Koma kuyambira pamenepo sanakhale gulu lolekanitsidwa chifukwa chaukali, zoperewera zina, kusagwirizana komanso vuto ndi maphunziro. Pakatikati pake, inali chilombo chenicheni.

Chaka cha 2000 chinali chodziwika chifukwa choti obereketsa anapeza nkhandwe yaikazi yabwino komanso yanzeru yotchedwa Nyda, yemwe adaleredwa ndi chilombo kuyambira ali mwana. Chilombochi chinalibe zizolowezi za mimbulu, chomwe chinakhala maziko abwino kwambiri a zinyalala zamtsogolo.

Naida adawoloka ndi m'busa waku Germany dzina lake Barin. Pakadali pano palibe ntchito iyi. Koma kuchokera kwa iye, pazaka 16, ana agalu 46 okhala ndiimvi adabadwa. Perm Institute of Internal Troops ya Unduna wa Zapakatikati ili ndi zisanu Perm Wolfhound. Ena onse adalipitsidwa ntchito zothandiza anthu.

Zojambula ndi chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa nkhandwe

Obereketsa adatenga zoopsa, koma kuwopsa kwawo kunali koyenera mwa kupeza galu wokhala ndi mikhalidwe yambiri:

• Ndi fungo lakuthwa, chifukwa cha omwe ma hybrids amatha kumwetulira kachiwiri, gwira fungo la zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, kusiyanitsa kununkhira kwa magazi kwa munthu wokhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa wodwala khansa. Agalu osavuta, ngakhale ali ndi pedigree yabwino, alibe makhalidwe amenewa.

• Mphamvu yamphamvu. Mano a nkhandwe ndi zamphamvu modabwitsa, anapangidwa kuti aphe. Mwa kuphunzitsidwa koyenera, ma hybrids awa amatha kukhala chida choyenera kulimbana ndi adani chifukwa cha mivi yawo yakuthwa yomwe sinapatsidwe kwa agalu wamba.

• Utali wamoyo. Pafupifupi, agalu amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20. Wolfhound amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 25 mpaka 40.

• Kusowa chikondi, Nthawi zina kulumikizana ndi mwiniwake ndi chiweto chake kumasokoneza ntchito. Ngati mbusa waku Germany angamasuke ndi munthu wina yemwe amakhala ndi zochuluka, ndiye kuti muweruza naye mafotokozedwe a nkhandwe, akusowa kwathunthu izi. Izi zimapangitsa kutsogolera ntchito ya ubongo wa wosakanikirana m'njira yoyenera.

Zofunikira pa nyamayi ndi luntha lawo, mawonekedwe apadera a mwana aliyense wa agalu amodzi. Palibe amene sanadziwebe momwe zinyalala zidzakhalire.

Ponena za chikhalidwe cha mtunduwo, palibenso zinthu zina zomwe zimawonekera. Mwambiri, zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mimbulu ya DNA pamwana wa ana. Kwa mwana aliyense wa agalu, chiwerengerochi chimakhala payekha ndipo chimatha kusiyana kwambiri ndi abale ake.

Chifukwa chake, palibe mtundu uliwonse wa machitidwe a nkhandwe. Koma pali china chofanana pakati pa agalu onsewa. Ndiwofunitsitsa kudziwa, ali ndi chikhulupiriro, amagwira ntchito, amaphunzitsidwa mwachangu, ali ndi nzeru zodabwitsa.

Makhalidwe a Wolfhound mokhudzana ndi anthu sizikulosera. Koma agalu ochulukirapo ndi osangalatsa komanso osamala kwambiri ndi anthu. Agalu ena amatha kukhala owuma, okalipa komanso ovuta.

Koma, monga mukudziwira, mikhalidwe yotereyi imakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu ikulu ya agalu. Mavuto oterewa mutha kupewedwa ngati mutawazolowera kuyambira paubwana mpaka pochita zachisangalalo, kuphunzitsa moyenera, osamalanga. Wolfhound samalandira chilango chachikulu chakampani. Pambuyo pakuphedwa kwanthawi yayitali, nyamayo imatha kukwiya komanso kusayang'anira.

Mwa anthu omwe si osiyana ndi agalu, amakhalabe ndi machitidwe a nkhandwe. Amakumba mabowo mwachisangalalo, kudzicheka komanso kutafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kusaka nyama zing'onozing'ono, kudumphira m'malo otchinga ndi kuwononga chilichonse chapafupi ngati ali pamalo osungika.

Kufotokozera kwa Wolfhound

Pofotokozera za mtunduwu, kufalikira ndi kutsutsana kumafalikira. The wosakanizidwa ndi deta yake yakunja iyenera kukhala ngati nkhandwe ndikukhala yayikulu. Kukula kwapakati pa munthu wa tsitsi la nkhandwe ndi 62-67 masentimita, ndi kulemera kwa 35-45 kg.

M'mawonekedwe ake, mimbulu yolumikizana imakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe owuma a thupi, mbali zopyapyala komanso zamtundu, chibwano cholimba chomwe chimakhala ndi "gawo lakufa", bulashi yayikulu, yayitali komanso miyendo yolimba. Mtunduwu umathandizidwanso ndi imvi, ndi mithunzi yonse.

Zakhala zikudziwika kuti achibale oyandikira kwambiri a mimbulu ndi anthu okhala ndi khungu lakuda kuposa agalu amtchire kapena oyera. Mkhalidwe wokhawo wosagwedezeka kwa agalu onsewa ndiwofatsa komanso wokwanira.

Pakatikati pake, nkhandwe ndi yabwino kwambiri kucheza, yokwanira komanso yophunzitsidwa mosavuta. Amakumana mwachangu ndi anthu atsopano ndikusintha mikhalidwe yatsopano. Kuphunzitsa galu wotere, sikokwanira kuti munthu akhale ndi gawo la amateur, ndikofunikira kuti akhale katswiri.

Nthawi zambiri, mimbulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. M'malo omwe agalu wamba sangachite. Wolfhunting kupusa kwachabechabe chifukwa nyamayo sinaleredwe ndi obereketsa izi.

Mbiri ya mtundu, kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe

Wolfhound ndi wosakanizidwa ndi nkhandwe komanso galu wamba wamba, milandu yakuwoloka idadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo malinga ndi asayansi kwanthawi yoyamba izi zidachitika zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Popeza, nthawi zambiri, hybron zotere zimapezeka mwamwayi, anthu oterewa anali amtopola ndipo sanachite nawo mpungwepungwe, motero sizinatheke kupanga ziwonetsero zathunthu. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, pakhala kuyesayesa kochulukirapo komwe kumayambitsa mtundu wopangidwa ndi anthu wolumikizana ndi galu, koma onsewo sanapambane.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba zoyesayesa zotsogola kutulutsa mtundu wankhandwe wokwanira zimachitika ndi omwe amagwira galu wowetera chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 za zana lino. Ntchito zofananazo zidatheranso bwino ku Czech Republic, komwe adakwanitsa kubereketsa mtundu wa "Czech Wolf" - galu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mmbulu komanso mawonekedwe a mbusa waku Germany. Ndipo kwenikweni, mwana wankhandwe ndi mtundu wa galu-galu.

Ana agalu oyamba agalu amapezeka pamene obereketsa agaluwo amawoloka kalulu wamkaziyo, yemwe anakulira ndi anthu komanso galu woweta wa ku Germany. Chifukwa chake, ana adabadwa, omwe adapereka mwayi kwa oimira mitundu ya nkhandwe. Kuti muchite izi, ndiyofunika kuti mmbulu kapena nkhandwe izikhala yolumala, apo ayi zonse sizingalephereke. Mmbulu uyenera kumvetsetsa kuti munthu si mdani ndipo kuyambira ubwana azolowere gulu la agalu. Kupatula apo, agalu ndi adani oyamba a achifwamba, nkhandwe yosazolowera imamva izi pamlingo wachilengedwe ndipo imatha kuvulaza kwambiri ngakhale kuluma galuyo, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi.

Kunja, nkhandwe yachikulire imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa nkhandwe, komabe majini amatenga nawo mbali: ndiyocheperako kuposa momwe amakulira. Chifukwa chake, kulemera kwa bambo wamkulu kumafika pa 40-50 kilogalamu, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 55-60. Kulemera kwa mabatani ndi ma kilogalamu 35-40 ndi kuwonjezeka kwa masentimita 50-55. Chithunzicho ndi champhamvu, chachikulu, nyamayi imakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndi matako amphamvu. Mtundu wa chovalachi nthawi zambiri imakhala imvi, koma imatha kukhala ina iliyonse, kutengera mtundu ndi mtundu wa galu womwe kudutsa kunachitikira.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati pakati pa makolo panali abusa aku Germany, ndiye kuti galu wa nkhandwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wamdima, pafupifupi wakuda bii, ndipo ngati ali ndi husky kapena husky, ndiye kuti utoto wake ndi imvi, imvi kapena yoyera. Mano awo ndikuluma ndi nkhandwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galu-wolimbayo akhale wolimba kwambiri kuposa galu aliyense.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya nkhandwe, pakati pawo - nkhandwe yaku Czech kale, galu wolusa Sarlos, m'busa wa Kunming - zotengera ntchito za akatswiri aku China, komanso shioku ndi volamut. Ku Germany, kunali zoyeserera zamtundu uliwonse pamene nkhandwe ndi poodle zidawoloka, mwatsoka palibe chidziwitso chotsimikizika chazotsatira. Ngakhale njira zonse za nkhandwe ndizosiyana mu maonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe, ali ndi zinthu wamba zomwe zimakhala ndi mimbulu yokha. Mwa zina mwa mtundu uwu, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 25-30, pomwe galu samakhala ndi moyo mpaka 20.

Komanso zomwe zikuphatikizidwazo zimaphatikizaponso kusowa kwa chidwi champhamvu ndi munthu, monga zilili ndi agalu. Amatha kugwira ntchito mosavuta ndi mwiniwake watsopanoyo osawonetsa zizindikiro za kukhumudwa ndikufunafuna mwini wakale. Wolfhound amakhalanso ndi fungo lakuthwa, losadziwika komanso waluntha kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, mtunduwu wapeza ntchito zambiri pogwira ntchito zapadera.

Khalidwe

Kwakukulukulu, nkovuta kwambiri kudziwa mtundu wa mtunduwo., popeza ndizosatheka kunena kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe zomwe mwana wagalu apeza. Khalidwe la galu lidzatengera izi. Komabe, amakhalabe ndizodziwika ndipo amatha kudziwonetsa kutengera zomwe zili mu nkhandwe ya DNA.

Awa ndi agalu okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi kukoleredwa chifukwa chovomerezeka. Nkhani zonse zankhanza zosalamulirika ndi kusalamulirika kwa mtundu uwu si nthano chabe. Galu wosakwanira komanso wokwiya amapangidwa ndi eni ake okha, omwe sakudziwa momwe angafunire kapena samafuna kuthana nawo. Pankhani ya Wolfhound, mfundo yayikulu ndikuphunzitsa ana agalu kuyambira ali wakhanda, ndipo apa ndikofunikira kuti katswiri atenge nkhaniyo, galu uyu siwoyamba kumene. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti gawo la magazi a nkhandwe mu ana agalu sizidutsa 15-20%. Ngati chizindikirochi ndichokwera, padzakhala zovuta zazikulu ndi maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Ndipo ngakhale wogwirizira galu wodziwa zinthu sangathe kupirira nazo, galuyo amatha kukula mwamakani komanso osagwirizana.

Pazonse, ndizosatheka kuneneratu zam'mbuyo momwe nkhandwe yamtsogolo idzakhalire, zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe adalandira kuchokera kwa "makolo akale", ndipo ndizovuta kuwerengetsa. Sanaphunzirebe momwe angayang'anire genetics. Koma pazonse, ngati njira yolumikizira magazi a nkhandwe ili mkati mwa malire, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala zovuta zapadera ndi maphunziro, sipadzakhalanso zovuta zina kuposa kukulitsa mitundu yayikulu ya agalu, monga Rottweiler, woweta nkhosa kapena Doberman. Chachikulu ndikuwonetsa kuleza mtima komanso kudziletsa. Apa udindo wa mwini galu ndi wofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale ka Spitz kakang'ono kapena chidole chotengera chimatha kukhala chosalamulirika ngati ataleredwa.

Mtengo wa Wolfhound ndi ndemanga

Zakhala zikutchulidwa kale kuti palibeogulitsa akagalu awa. Chifukwa chake palibe amene amalengeza mtengo wa nkhandwe. Pali lingaliro chabe kuti kuwabwereka pamwezi kumawononga ndalama zambiri.

Ponena za malingaliro a nkhandwe, ndiye kuti ndizabwino kwambiri. Galu uyu, wokhala ndi malingaliro abwino kwa icho, atha kukhala wokhulupirika kwambiri komanso mnzake weniweni.

Makhalidwe

M'malo mwake, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti katswiri azindikire chikhalidwe cha nyama mwachangu, popeza zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mimbulu yomwe ili mbadwa zamtsogolo. Ngakhale zili choncho, pali njira zina zomwe zimatha kudziwa momwe ana agalu amakhalira.

Titha kunena mosabisa kuti iyi ndi nyama yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ovuta. Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri okhazikika amatenga nawo gawo pantchito yokulera ana, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito nyamazo pongogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachilengedwe, pamakhala mphekesera zambiri zokhudzana ndi mtundu uwu, komanso zoyipa, zikuwonetsa kuti nyamazo zimatha kuwonetsa mkwiyo wankhanza, komanso zimawonetsa kuuma ndi kusamvera, ngakhale izi zimachitika mwazikhalidwe zina za agalu wamba. Ponena za nkhandwe, zimatha kuchitidwa zachipongwe ndi mwiniwakeyo, yemwe samachita nawo ntchito yokweza komanso kusangalatsa mayanjidwe. Popeza kuti galu uyu si wa oyamba kumene, waluso, koma osati wokonda masewera, ayenera kuthana ndi momwe adaleredwera. Ngati mulingo wamtundu wamtchire uli mkati mwa 20 peresenti ndipo osatinso, ndiye kuti mavuto, monga lamulo, samabuka ndi kulera nyama. Ngati peresentiyo ndi yayikulupo, ndiye kuti pali zovuta zazikulu pakukweza kwa nyamayo. Potere, ngakhale ntchito ya othandizira agalu imatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, ndipo nyamayo imakulira mokwiya komanso yosalamulirika.

Ngakhale m'zaka zam'ma 2000, munthu sanaphunzire momwe angayang'anire majini mpaka momwe gawo la majini amtchire limafunikira. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwa ana agalu ndi gawo lovuta komanso lofunikira, ndipo kulera nyama ndikofanana ndi kulera agalu monga Rottweiler, m'busa kapena Doberman. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsa kupirira ndi chipiriro chokwanira, koma nthawi yomweyo payenera kukhala maluso mu maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Ngati mukuleredwa popanda luso, ndiye kuti galu aliyense, wa mtundu uliwonse komanso ngakhale wokonda mtendere, atha kukhala wosalamulirika.

Zodyetsa

Malo otetemera ndi nyama zomwe zimafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Zokhudza zakudya zapadera, zimatha kuvulaza, ngakhale ndizogulitsa zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Pankhani imeneyi, nyama izi ndikofunikira kuphika phala, chifukwa monga msuzi wokonzedwa kuchokera ku offal. Mwakutero, mutha kupatsa nyama yatsopano, impso, chiwindi, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, komanso masamba ndi zinthu zamkaka, kotero kuti chakudyacho chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri malinga ndi magawo a chakudya. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizike kuti kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndiokwera poyerekeza ndi chakudya.

Nyama (wamkulu) amadyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku, osachepera 2 pa tsiku. Kudyetsa pafupipafupi kumatha kuyambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo.

Zambiri komanso zogula

Kupeza mwana wa galu wa mtundu uwu si ntchito yovuta, popeza mwalamulo palibe nazale yomwe imagwira ntchito yozunza nkhandwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti mtundu uwu suzindikiridwa ndi mabungwe azachipembedzo apadziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale kuti ku Russia izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito zapadera. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukhale ndi mwana wogalu wamtunduwu, muyenera kupita kwa obereketsa osavomerezeka.

Mtengo wa ana agalu amtunduwu umayambira ku ruble 20,000, pomwe mtengo umadalira zina, monga jenda, mtundu, komanso mtundu wake. Mulimonsemo, kupeza mwana wagalu wokhala ndi mimbulu ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa palibe amene amadziwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtchire yomwe ilimo. Ngati mulingo wawo suli wopitilira 20 peresenti, ndiye, monga lamulo, mavuto akukulira nyama ndi mayanjidwe ake samachokera. Kupanda kutero, ndizokayikitsa kuti ndizotheka kuletsa bwenzi lokhulupirika ndikulondera kwa zaka zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto ndi chitetezo cha banja atha kukhala zenizeni.

Pomaliza

Popeza mimbulu imakhala galu ndi nkhandwe, mtunduwu ndiwokayikitsa kuti ungazindikiridwe padziko lonse lapansi ngati mtundu wagalu. Eya, mwina m'tsogolo kwambiri, munthu akaphunzira kuyang'anira majini. Popanda izi, palibe chitsimikizo kuti mtundu uwu ndiwotetezeka poyerekeza ndi anthu, komanso anthu ena. Izi ziyenera kudziwika kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kukhala ndi chiweto mwanjira ya nkhandwe. Uwu ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, kwa eni ake komanso kwa banja lonse, ndipo ndibwino ngati muli ndi mwayi ndikwanitsa kutenga mwana wogalu yemwe ali ndi mitundu "yakutchire" yocheperako.

Masiku ano, kwakhala kwachilendo kuswana kwa agalu omwe sangatchulidwe opanda vuto. Komabe, ambiri amanyalanyaza upangiri wa akatswiri poti galu aliyense amafuna maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Izi zikapanda kuchitika, nyamayo imakula mosalamulirika ndipo ikhoza kuvulaza onse m'banjamo ndi ziweto zina, osatchula alendo.

Eni ake ali ndi mwayi woleredwa komanso kudziphunzitsa, ndichifukwa chake njira yophunzirira yophunzira satha, yomwe imavulaza chiweto chokha, komanso iwowa.

Kufotokozera kwamasamba

Kunja, nkhandwe ikuyenera kufanana ndi nkhandwe ndikuwoneka bwino: Kutalika mpaka 67 cm, kulemera mpaka makilogalamu 45. Zolimbitsa thupi ndi louma, lopendekera, ndi mbali yosyasyalika. Malita aatali, owongoka amathera ndi phazi lalikulu: izi ndizofunikira kuyenda mu chisanu. Nawonso nsapato zamtchire zimakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu komanso mphamvu zolimba. Mtundu nthawi zambiri imvi, komanso umakhala wakuda.

Kudyetsa

Mawunda ndi onyentchera mu zakudya ndipo amafunika zakudya "zachilengedwe". Sangathe kudyetsedwa chakudya chouma: zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa thupi la wosakanizidwa. Chakudyacho chimayenera kupangidwa kuti chiwongola dzanja chambiri kuposa mafuta.

Zotsatirazi ndizophatikizira menyu ya Wolfhound:

• nyama yophika: ng'ombe, kalulu, nkhuku,
• nyama yophika bwino,
• nsomba zam'nyanja zophika,
• kachikwama, mpunga, ma hercules,
• mafupa (kupatula mafupa owiritsa ndi mbalame),
• mtima
• zopangidwa mkaka: tchizi tchizi, kefir, yogati (1 nthawi sabata),
• dzira laiwisi yaiwisi kapena dzira lophika (1 nthawi sabata),
• mafuta a nsomba (nthawi 1 pa sabata),
• masamba atsopano kapena owiritsa
• greenery,
• 1 clove wa adyo pa sabata (kupewa helminthiasis),
• zipatso zamkaka (kupatula zosowa),
• zokometsera rye obera.

Nyama iyenera kukhala 50% ya gawo la tsiku lililonse. Ndikofunika kuwapatsa owiritsa mpaka wachifundo, kuti musayambitsa mkwiyo.

Nsomba zimamasulidwa ku mafupa ndi ziwalo zamkati. Mitundu ya m'madzi imatha kupatsidwa yaiwisi kapena yophika. Wiritsani nsomba za mumtsinje mwamphamvu: zimanyamula mazira owirira.

Porridge yophika mu offal msuzi.

Mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa:

• nkhumba,
• mkaka,
• mafupa a mbalame,
• mafupa owiritsa
• radishi
• nyemba
• mbatata
• pasitala,
• wokoma, wamafuta, wamchere, wosuta, wokazinga.

Agalu achikulire amadyetsedwa kawiri patsiku.

Mimbulu iyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza madzi abwino.

Maphunziro ndi maphunziro

Volkosob ndi mdani wamkulu, wosaganizira, kotero wogwira galu yekhayo ndi amene angamuphunzitse! Izi hybrids adapangidwira kuti azigwira ntchito m'magulu ankhondo ndipo sayenera ntchito ya ziweto.

Agalu amagonjera maphunziro opambana, omwe mitsempha yake yoposa 10-15% yamagazi a nkhandwe. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha 25%, "opambana" amawonetsedwa: amatha kupeza munthu kuchipinda chamdima mumphindikati 30. Mwachitsanzo: "Mjeremani" amaliza ntchitoyi mumphindi ziwiri.

Maphunziro amatengera dongosolo la mphotho: Njira za nkhandwe sizimalola chiwawa. Nyama yaiwisi siipatsidwa monga mankhwala. Izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto.

Matenda Ndi Kuyembekeza Kwa Moyo

Malo otchedwa Wolfhound amadziwika ndi thanzi labwino. Matenda a canine wamba ndi achilendo kwa iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, safuna katemera wokhazikika. Anthu ambiri amatenga katemera wa matenda a chiwewe.

Pafupifupi, nkhandwe zimakhala zaka 16-18. Nthawi zambiri zaka zawo zimaposa zaka makumi awiri. Amakhulupirira kuti amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 30.

Kufanizira kwazaka

Mawunda ndi chinthu chapadera. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amaziyerekeza ndi mimbulu.

Wolfhound ndi nkhandwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja okha. Mimbulu imanyalanyaza maphunziro ndipo imawopa anthu. Amangowukira pokhapokha ngati ali ndi njala yayikulu kapena pangozi. Chomwe chimayesera modutsa ndikupeza mtundu womwe uli ndi mbusa waku Germany komanso mphamvu ya nkhandwe yolusa. Asitikali amafunika nyama zokwanira, zomwe zikuyendetsedwa. Mimbulu simvera aliyense.

Wolfhund ndi wolfhound - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dzina la galu wosakanizidwa ndi nkhandwe.

Mpikisano wa nkhandwe ungakhale, choyambirira, Alabai. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ziweto komanso kusaka mimbulu. Alabai ndi okhudzana ndi mastiffs aku Tibetan ndipo ndi a mtundu wa Molossoids. Ngakhale ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu, amawongoleredwa bwino ndipo amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi gulu lalikulu la nkhosa. Kuphatikiza apo, atha kuyang'anira malo ndikutsagana ndi eni kusaka. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu akukayikira yemwe angafanane naye kwambiri - nkhandwe kapena alabai - sanamvetsetse zatsimikizazi.

Koti mugule ndi mtengo

Malo otchedwa Wolfhound sadziwika ndi IFF, chifukwa chake, palibe nazale yovomerezeka ku Russia. "Permyakov" imatha kubwereketsa okhazikika ndi agalu ndi asitikali. Kugulitsa ma hybrids awa nkoletsedwa. Palibe wobereketsa wakhama amene adzagulitsa mtundu wa nkhandwe kwa "nzika". Ngakhale mibadwo ingapo ya kubereka, ma hybr omwe akadali ovuta kuphunzitsa.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtundu

Volkosob ndi cholengedwa cholimba komanso chodziimira payekha. Malingaliro a chirombo cholimba mwa iye, chifukwa chake amafunika mtsogoleri wolimba mtima komanso wodalirika. Agaluwa ayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira zake zimakhala zosayembekezereka.

Poti mugule, mtengo

Ngati mungaganize zotenga mwana wa mtundu wocheperako, konzekerani kuthetsa ntchito zingapo zovuta. Palibe malo ogulitsa agalu ovomerezeka ku Russia, ndipo agalu amenewa sakuvomerezeka ndi mabungwe azachipembedzo apadziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, omwe amayesedwa ngati agalu akuyesedwa ndi ntchito zapadera. Ndikosavuta kupeza nkhandwe yeniyeni; izi zitha kuchitika kuchokera kwa obereketsa osagwirizana.

Zikhala zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza:

Mtengo wa ana agalu otere umachokera ku ruble 20,000 mpaka 30,000 ndipo zimatengera mtundu, mtundu ndi komwe galu. Komabe, izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwopsezo china, chifukwa sizikudziwika kuchuluka kwa mitundu yakuthengo mwa ana otere. Monga tanenera kale, ngati ndizoposa 20%, ndiye kuti mavuto akulu ndi maphunziro adzuka. Koma ngati mwapeza mwana wa galu ndipo zikwangwani zake zonse ndizabwinobwino, ndiye kuti mudzapeza bwenzi lenileni, mlonda komanso wothandizira kwa zaka zambiri. Zabwino zonse kwa inu!