Msodzi wamba wa gambusia amawoneka wonyozeka. Zipsepse za dorsal ndi caudal zimakhala ndi malo amdima ambiri. Akazi amakumbutsa aliyense guppies wotchuka, amakula mpaka 70 mm kutalika ndikufika kulemera kwa magalamu 3.5. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, pamakhala malo amdima pafupi ndi anal fa.

Thupi lamphongo ndi imvi, imakhala ndi madontho akuda amtundu. Imakhala yotalika kutalika kwa akazi, imangokulira mpaka 30 mm kutalika, ndikupeza unyinji wosaposa magalamu 0,4. Ma anal fin amasintha kukhala gonopodia lalitali, lomwe limatha kuwoneka bwino pachithunzichi.

Nsomba zodabwitsa izi sizikhala zaka zopitilira 2, ndipo zaka zapakati pa akazi ndizokulirapo. Ndizilombo zokongola ndipo ndizitha kupanga malita sikisi nthawi yachisanu yopuma pakati pawo mwezi umodzi.

Nkhani ya woyenda pang'ono - Gambusia

The North America nsomba gambusia affinis mwachilengedwe amakhala m'malo aku Indiana ndi Illinois, komwe amakhala mumtsinje wa Missouri, komanso mitsinje yambiri yambiri. Gawoli lakhala malo oyambiranso kukhazikitsidwa kwa chilengedwe chosanenekachi padziko lonse lapansi.

Zinafika poti mmaiko angapo gambusia wamba ankawonedwa ngati mitundu yolowera, ndipo boma la Australia likuletsa kusunga ndikugulitsa, chifukwa lidakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe pazosungidwa zam'deralo. Koma imateteza kuchuluka kwa maiko ena ambiri ku mliri wa malungo, ndichifukwa chake imatchedwa nsomba ya udzudzu.

Kodi matendawa adathandizira bwanji kulimbana ndi malungo?

Nsomba zamtunduwu zimadya mphutsi ndi pupae wa udzudzu, zomwe zimachita izi mthupi lamadzi ndi madzi osasunthika osati zomera zobiriwira. Pakuwonongeka kwa udzudzu wa malungo, kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito iwo ku United States, ku California. Ndipo kuchokera kumeneko, nsomba za gambusia, zomwe zimayamba kutchuka mwachangu, zidatengedwa padziko lonse lapansi.

• Makamaka, 1921 inali chaka choyambira kuphatikizidwa kwake ku Spain, 1922 - ku Italy.
• Posakhalitsa, mtunduwu unachulukana m'malo osungirako mayiko awiriwa, pomwe miliri ya malungo inatha, ndipo matendawa amapezeka kamodzi kokha.
• Kuchokera kumadoko aku Spain, Gambusia adapita ku Hawaii ndi Philippines, kupita ku Argentina ndi Palestine.

Dr. Rukhadze N.P., yemwe panthawiyo anali director of Abkhaz Tropical Institute ka 1925, adabweretsa ndewu yaying'ono yolimbana ndi malungo kudera la USSR. Kenako anali paulendo waku bizinesi ku Microbiological Institute of Rome, anaphunzira za ku Italy za nkhondo yolimbana ndi malungo, ndipo anapatsidwa akazi apakati a gambusia ndi amuna ena mwa kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 240. Kufikira komwe akupita, mzinda wa Sukhumi, wafika makope 153.

Kuyesera komwe chombocho chinali ndi mphutsi za udzudzu komanso kunyanja yaying'ono kudatha, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu, m'malo ambiri a Abkhazia mudali ma gambusia. Kungothokoza kupezeka kwawo, pofika mu 1950, poyerekeza ndi 1930, kuchuluka kwa malungo kunali kutsika ndi makumi awiri. Ngakhale madera omwe kale 50% ya anthu amadwala matendawa, idayamba kuwonekera padera.

Pambuyo pa kutchova njuga wamba kukhala opambana kwambiri ku Abkhazia, adayamba kukhazikitsidwanso m'magawo onse a USSR komwe kudabuka malungo: Adjara, East Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Crimea, North Caucasus, South Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan ndi ambiri ena.

Kodi kutchova njuga kukakwaniritsa ziyembekezo za Unduna wa Zachilengedwe wa Georgia ndi wamkulu wa mzinda wa Sochi?

Patsamba la http: //sputnik-georgia.ru/ kumayambiriro kwa Julayi wa chaka chino cha 2016, zidziwitso zikuwoneka kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwamitundumitundu kumitsinje ndi nyanja kummawa kwa Georgia kukonzekera. Cholinga cha mwambowu ndikuletsa kupezeka kwa udzudzu womwe umafalitsa kachilombo ka Zika.

Gambusia idayambitsidwa kale ku Tbilisi ku Lake Turtle. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Georgia: "Izi ndizopewera polimbana ndi udzudzu." Undunawu udakumbukira kuti m'zaka zana zapitazi, Gambusia adatha kulimbana ndi udzudzu wa malungo.

Chikhalidwe cha kubereka gambusia chikutsitsimutsanso masiku ano ku Sochi. Onerani vidiyoyi ndi lipoti:

Kodi anthu azindikira bwanji za kutchova njuga polimbana ndi mliri wa malungo?

Kuchuluka kwa maiko ena padziko lapansi kunali kuthokoza kwambiri chifukwa cha nsomba iyi kuti ichotse malungo mwakuti idayika zipilala zake. Zipilala zimayikidwa ku Corsica, Israel komanso Adler.

Chigawo cha Adler ku Sochi ndichotchuka ndi chipilala chake cha Gambusia, zomwe zidapangidwa ndi Anatoly Medvedev, wokhala mumzinda. Kwa zaka zambiri, adakankhira kuzungulira kwa oyang'anira mzindawo ndi malingaliro kuti akhazikitse chipilala, koma munalibe ndalama mosungiramo ndalama za Sochi.

Kenako adaganiza zofunafuna othandizira ndipo sanataye, - malo angapo odyera komanso mashopu angapo adapereka ndalama zofunika. Ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikunali kochepa, nsomba zamkuwa zokha ndi 240,000 rubles. Ndipo m'chilimwe cha 2010, gambusia wamkuwa adatenga malo ake olemekezeka mumzinda wa Adler.

Ndiponso, chakale chitha kuwonetsedwa ku Abkhaz Museum of Local Lore, momwe Gambusia woyamba adafika ku Sukhumi mu 1925.

Kuswana

Mtunduwu udayamba kubwera ku Europe ngati nsomba zam'madzi. Mukakhala kundende, mutha kusunga ma gambusia omwe adagwidwa kuchokera m'malo athu. Ngakhale masiku ano nsomba izi ndizosowa kwenikweni chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo osawoneka bwino, omwe amatha kuwoneka ndikuwona zithunzi za gambusia.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti, ngakhale atachulukana kwambiri kuthengo, asitikali am'madzi amawona kuti gambusia ndi imodzi mwamitundu yovuta kwambiri kubereka pakati pa mitundu yamoyo.

Kuti mwana akhale ndi chiweto chanu muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

• Kwa wamwamuna aliyense, payenera kukhala azimayi atatu kapena anayi, ndi cholinga choteteza aliyense wa iwo pachibwenzi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku matenda osiyanasiyana.
• Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa kutchova njuga kwa akazi kuchedwetsa kubereka pamaso pa choopsezo, ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kwachotengera china panthawi yoyenera, chifukwa ngakhale amuna amtundu womwewo ali pachiwopsezo chomwecho mu aquarium.
• Kutentha kwamadzi kwa kubereka kwabwinobwino kuyenera kuchokera pa 23 mpaka 28 ° C.
• Akadzuka amphaka, amayenera kuchotsedwa mu udzu, chifukwa amatha kuwadya.
• Nyama zazing'ono zizidyetsedwa ndi chakudya chouma ndi chakudya chokakamizidwa - microworms, naupilia ya brine shrimp ndi zina zotero.

Kugwirizana kwina ndi mitundu ina

Gambusia, yemwe chithunzi chake chimatisonyeza nsomba zochepa zochepa, ndi mtundu wankhanza kwambiri. Amatha kuthyola zinsomba za nsomba zosachedwa, komanso mitundu yomwe ili ndi zipsepse zazitali. Gambusia amayenda bwino kokha ndi makadinolo, komanso ziphuphu zamoto ndi Sumatran.

Mutha, mwachidziwitso, kukulitsa nsomba mu monoculture. Ngakhale chiwonetsero chake chochepa, malinga ndi akatswiri ena am'madzi, imawoneka ngati yapamwamba mu malo otchedwa aquarium okhala ndi matayidwe akuda ndi mtundu umodzi wamtundu mwachitsanzo, hygrophilic. Koma ngakhale atakhala pagulu limodzi sayenera kukhazikika kwambiri m'matumbo am'madzi, chifukwa, akachulukana, amakhala okwiya ngakhale kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Kukula kwa gambusia m'chilengedwe

Nsomba ndizosasamala kwenikweni. Amatha kulekerera kusinthaku kwakukulu kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 40 ° C, kubisala kutentha kwa madzi ozungulira atatsikira 10 ° C ndikukhala olimbika kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa mphutsi zambiri zam'madzi m'madzi. The nazale ya gambusia ku Sochi akudziwa bwino kuweta mtunduwu ndipo akatswiri ake akuti nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi moyo watsopano, komanso madzi amchere, komanso mchere wambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira munyanja zina.

Kodi nsomba zimadyanji mwachilengedwe komanso m'madzi am'madzi?

Chakudya chachilengedwe cha gambusia ndi tizilombo komanso mitundu ina ya algae. Gambasi aliyense amadya mphutsi pafupifupi 100 za udzudzu masana.

Ponena za moyo wam'madzi, ndiye kuti nsomba ndizophatikiza:

• Chakudya chopanga.
• Chakudya chachilengedwe komanso chozizira - Artemia ndi Daphnia, nsabwe zamagazi ndi algae.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Gambusia affinis kapena wamba ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zochepa zomwe zimakhala ku North America, zomwe zafika pamashelefu amalo ogulitsa nyama.

M'mene nsomba zimabadwira ndi Mtsinje wa Missouri ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje yaying'ono yam'mizinda ya Illinois ndi Indiana. Kuchokera pamenepo, idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka chifukwa cha kusazindikira bwino kwake.

Tsoka ilo, tsopano gambusia imawerengedwa ngati mtundu wolowerera m'maiko angapo, ndipo ku Australia idagwedeza kwambiri chilengedwe cha malo osungirako, ndipo amaletsedwa kugulitsa ndikusamalira.

Komabe, m'maiko ena, zimathandiza kuthana ndi mphutsi za udzudzu wa malungo mwa kuzidya ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero cha udzudzu.

Inde, ndi othandiza kwambiri mwakuti amamanga zipilala! Chipilala cha Gambusia chomwe chidakhazikitsidwa ku Adler chimapezekanso ku Israeli ndi Corsica.

Kufotokozera

Gambusia wam'madzi a aquarium amakula pang'ono, zazikazi zimakhala pafupifupi 7 cm, zazimuna ndizochepa komanso ndizochepa mpaka 3 cm.

Kunja, nsombazo ndizosawoneka bwino, zazikazi ndizofanana ndi zazikazi zazikazi, ndipo anyani amphongo, okhala ndi madontho akuda thupi.

Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka ziwiri, amuna akamakhala ochepera kuposa akazi.

Kusungabe gambusia mu aquarium sikophweka, koma kosavuta. Amatha kukhala m'madzi otentha kwambiri kapena madzi okhala ndi mchere wambiri.

Amalekerera kuchepa kwa mpweya m'madzi, kusowa kwamadzi, komanso kusintha kwa kutentha.

Makhalidwe onsewa amapangitsa iye kukhala nsomba yabwino kwa oyamba kumene, kotero kuti zingavute kuti amuphe. Ndizachisoni iye amangokumana mosadukiza.

Ngakhale kuti ma gambusi ambiri amapezeka m'madziwe, amathanso kukhala munyumba kuti azilamulira anthu omwe ali ndi udzudzu. P

Sakufuna voliyumu yayikulu, malita 50 ndi okwanira, ngakhale sakana zitini zambiri.

Zinthu monga fyuluta kapena gawo lamadzi sizofunika kwambiri kwa iwo, koma sizikhala zapamwamba kwambiri. Ingokumbukirani kuti izi ndi nsomba zowoneka bwino, ndipo ngati mutayika zosefera zakunja mu aquarium, imakhala msampha wa mwachangu. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mkati, osapatula, ndi chovala chimodzi.

Magawo oyenera pazomwe zalembedwazi ndi awa: pH 7.0-7.2, dH mpaka 25, kutentha kwa madzi 20-24 ((amasamutsa kutentha kwa madzi mpaka 12 С)

Kudyetsa

Mwachilengedwe, amadya makamaka tizilombo, komanso chakudya chochepa chomera. Tsiku, nsomba imodzi imatha kuwononga mazana a mphutsi za udzudzu, ndipo masabata awiri ndi zokwanira masauzande.

Zakudya zochita kupanga komanso zowuma kapena chakudya chodyedwa zimadyedwa m'nyumba yakunyumba. Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nthomba zamagazi, daphnia ndi artemia, koma amadya chakudya chilichonse chomwe mumawapatsa.

Munthawi yathu ino, simungakhalepo wokhoza kupereka udzudzu wa udzudzu wa malungo (womwe simuyenera kunong'oneza bondo), koma ma nyongolotsi amwazi mosavuta. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera nthawi ndi nthawi komanso zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI.

Habitat

Matupi opanda madzi aku North America amapezeka, ndipo ali ponseponse. Mothandizidwira munjira zamtsinje, pomwe sizinakhaleko kale, pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyamwa magazi. Gambusia ndi zosangalatsa amadya mphutsi zam'madzi.

Magulu A nsomba:

Kukula - 3 - 6 cm. Chakudya - chilichonse

Kuswana / kuswana

Nsomba yoyenda bwino, chifukwa kuduladula sikutanthauza kuti pakhale padera lililonse. Mbewuzo zimawonekera kangapo pachaka. Munthawi yonse ya makulidwe, mazira okhathamiritsidwa amakhala m'thupi la nsomba, ndipo mwachangu omwe amapangidwa kale amawonekera pakuwala. Izi zachitika pang'onopang'ono, monga chitetezo chokwanira cha ana. Makolo samawonetsa chidwi ndi mwachangu, koma muziwawukira ngati sanathe kuthawira kuphompho. Achinyamata amalimbikitsidwa kuti akaikidwe mu thanki ina. Dyetsani chakudya chochepa, artemia, etc.

Mpulumutsi wovuta - gambusia

Gambusia (lat.Gambusia affinis) ndi nsomba yamoyo yokha, yomwe tsopano siyipezeka kawirikawiri pamsika, komanso mozama m'mizinda yam'madzi.

Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya gambusia, yomwe yakumadzulo ikugulitsidwa, ndipo kum'mawa ndi gambusia wa Holbourk (lat. Gambusia holbrooki). Nkhaniyi ndikupitiliza nkhani yokhudza nsomba zayiwalika za viviparous.

Ntchito ya Gambusia polimbana ndi malungo

Gambusia mdziko lapansi amadziwikanso kuti nsomba za udzudzu: kukhala wolekeredwa mokhazikika pazomangidwa, ndi mphutsi zovomerezeka - othandizira pakuchotsa mphutsi za udzudzu, wothandizirana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, nthumwi za mtunduwu zidayamba kugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuthana ndi mliri wa malungo, womwe udali wopambana kwambiri. Kuti apulumutse miyoyo yambiri, Gambusia adalandira mphotho yayikulu - momulemekeza, zipilala adazikhazikitsa ku Sochi, Corsica ndi Israel.

Koma ku Australia, kuyambitsidwa kwa Gambusia m'chilengedwe kunadzetsa zotsatirapo zoipa: chikhalidwe chamtundu wankhanza chidabweretsa mavuto kwa okhala m'midzi yakumalo, ndichifukwa chake oyimira amtunduwu adaletsedwa kusunga ndikugawa ku kontrakitala.

A Tail akutsimikizira: maziko azam'madzi

Mulingo woyenera woyang'anira Gambusia mu aquarium:

• Kukula kwa tank: kuchokera ku 50 l, pamlingo wa 5-8 l wamadzi payekha. Musayike denga pamwamba, chifukwa izi zichititsa kuti nsomba zife.
• Magawo azachilengedwe: kutentha + 20 ... + 25 ºC, acidity 6.0-7.0 pH, mpaka 25 dH.
• Nsombazi ndizochulukirachulukirachulukira pakusintha kusefukira ndi madzi, komabe, kusintha kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuyeretsa panthaka ndikofunikira.
• Gawo laling'ono: tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono ta miyala tomwe tili kapena mchenga wowuma. Wokhala ndi mantha, Gambusia akubisala pansi, chifukwa chake zinthu zomwe zili ndi m'mbali kapena tchipisi tofiyira siziyenera kuyikidwa kunja.
• Udzu: Zomera zokhala ndi masamba olimba.
• Kuyatsa: sing'anga.
• Kuvala: chilichonse, koma ndikupereka malo okwanira kusambira kwaulere kwa ziweto.

Matenda a nsomba

Gambusia ndi nsomba yolimba, yopanda matenda. Ndi zokhutiritsa, sizibweretsa mavuto kwa mwini wake. Nthawi zina, matenda amtundu wa pakhungu amatha kuchitika, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala obisika m'madzimo mukabzala mbewu kapena kuyambitsa nsomba zatsopano zomwe sizikhazikidwe. Muzochitika zotere, mchere wamadzi kapena kukonzekera kwapadera kwa aquarium kumayikidwa, komwe kumayambitsidwa m'madzi a aquarium wamba.

Gambusia ndi nsomba yothandiza, yomwe ndi yosowa kwambiri masiku ano m'midzi yakunyumba. Kawonedwe kocheperako kumadzetsa phindu chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwamtunduwu, komwe kumalola ngakhale woyamba kuyisunga, amene samadziwa za nyanja yam'madzi.

Kuyamba

Gambusia wocheperako wokhala ndi timitengo tating'onoting'ono sodziwika bwino m'midzi yakunyumba. Nsombayi ndi ya banja la a Peciliev, amakhala m'madzi atsopano komanso ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu iwiri ya gambusia imadziwika - chakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa, koma yoyamba yokha imapezeka m'masitolo ndipo, nthawi zina, m'mizinda yakunyumba.

Dzinalo la chinsomba ku Latin ndi Gambusia affinis. Gambusia amasiyana maonekedwe okhazikika, osusuka komanso mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino.

Amayi aku Gambusia amadziwika kuti ndi mayiko akumwera kwa America, Mexico ndi Gulf of Mexico, komwe kumakhala mitsinje ndi mitsinje ya Missouri, Indiana ndi Illinois. M'malo awa a gambusia khalani m'malo onyowa okhala ndi matayala amchere. Popita nthawi, malo okhala mwa nsomba izi adakulirakulira, ndipo tsopano akukhala m'madzi opanda madzi m'mayiko opitilira 60 padziko lapansi. Nsomba ndizolimba kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zikhale malo ambiri.

Gambusia wamba ndi nsomba yaying'ono yokhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso lalifupi, lomwe limafanana ndi silinda mu mawonekedwe, ndi zipsepse zopanda utoto. Mutu wake ndiwosalala, maso ndi akuda, amaso kapena obiriwira, kamwa yaying'ono ndi mano owongoka. Thupi lophimbidwa ndi mamba akulu, ndalama ya dorsal ili pafupi kwambiri ndi caudal.Mtundu wakuthupi ndi wa imvi kapena wonyezimira, wokhala ndi buluu m'mbali. Pa thupi la amuna pakhoza kukhala pali mawanga akuda angapo, chitsulo cha mchira cha anthu ena chimakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira. Akazi a gambusia ali ndi khungu losalala kwambiri popanda kusiyanitsa, lomwe limakumbutsa guppies.

M'malo otetezeka, matendawa amatha kukhala osaposa zaka ziwiri, ndipo amuna amakhala zaka zochepa poyerekeza ndi nthawi imeneyi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimatchova njuga ndikuti amadya udzudzu wa malungo. Chifukwa cha izi, nsomba zidayamba kukhazikitsidwa mochita kupanga ndikukula m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.

Gambusia imatha kutchedwa zolengedwa zopanda nzeru zambiri, izi ndizosadabwitsa kuti zimasinthidwa ndikusungidwa ndipo sizikakamizidwa kuti zizisamalira.

Aquarium

Ma gambusia angapo amakhala omasuka mumbale zokhala ndi malita 10 kapena kuposerapo. Kwa anthu ambiri, malo ogulitsa ma 40-50 malita amagulidwa. Mawonekedwe a aquarium akhoza kukhala aliwonse - amakona kapena ozungulira, voliyumu yaying'ono yomwe imafunikira imakuthandizani kusankha kasinthidwe ka aquarium popempha mwiniwake. Sikoyenera kukhazikitsa compressor ndi fyuluta m'nyumba ya nsomba.

Kudzaza aquarium ndi gambusia, gwiritsani ntchito madzi okhala ndi zovuta zambiri komanso osavomerezeka. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri pakusunga gambusia kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 20-25 madigiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri, gambusia amatha kukhalapo m'madzi ozizira, koma matenthedwe akatsikira mpaka madigiri 10, nsomba zimagwera pansi, ndikugwera pansi.

Amalangizidwa kupukusa mchere wambiri m'madzi (khitchini kapena khitchini wamba yokhala ndi tinthu tambiri). Izi ndizothandiza kupewa matenda a nsomba ndipo zimakhudzanso thanzi lawo.

Dothi komanso zokongoletsa

Kwa gambusia, kapangidwe kake ndi dothi lake sikofunikira kwenikweni. Mwiniwake angasankhe gawo lapansi lophimba pansi m'madzi momwe angakondere. Algae wokhala ndi masamba olimba ndi zimayambira wabzalidwa pansi, zomwe nsomba sizingathe kudya. Pakhoza kukhala mbewu zambiri, koma payenera kukhala malo omasuka mu aquarium posambira.

Momwe mungadyetse gambusia?

Gambusia ndi ochulukirapo, monga mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'madzi. Amakonda kuyamwa zakudya zamitundumitundu ndi zina zake. Amatha kupatsidwa nthomba zamagazi, artemia, daphnia, zakudya zozizira ndi mphutsi zamtchire, ng'ombe zam'madzi zodyetsedwa pansi komanso mafilimu am'madzi. Chingwe chofewa ndi letesi yosankhidwa chimaperekedwa ngati chofunikira chomera.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire pakati pa amuna ndi akazi?

Amuna okhaokha omwe amakhala ndi gambusia, choyambirira, amasiyanasiyana kukula ndi maonekedwe (monga tafotokozera kale). Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo ndi masentimita atatu, wamkazi amakula mpaka masentimita 7. Wamphongo amakhala ndi mtundu wowala, pomwe wamkazi amakhala wosakwatiwa. Ma anal anal amuna amasinthidwa kukhala gonopodia.

Matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya

Zimachitika kuti pa gambusia pali zokutira zoyera, zofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje. Choyambitsa mavutowa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Nthawi zina ma whitish ntchofu amapezeka thupi la nsomba, lomwe limawoneka chifukwa cha bakiteriya wa pathogenic.

Matendawa amatha kuchiritsidwa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala.

Poizoni

Malo akuda, ofiira kapena oyera pamthupi la gambusia amatha kuwoneka chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa mankhwala a nayitrogeni mu aquarium. Ngati mabala owawa apezeka, madzi amayenera kutsukidwa ndi zinthu zowola, kupititsa patsogolo madzi ndikusintha gawo laling'ono lamadzi. Ngati matendawa ayamba, pitirizani mankhwala.

Golden Gambusia

Golden Gambusia (Gambusia aurata) - nsomba yokhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso mutu woyatsidwa. Mtundu waukulu ndi wachikasu, mitundu yambiri yakuda imabalalika padziko lonse lathupi. Ma anal ndi ma back back ali ndi bezel wakuda.

Kwawo kwa nsomba kumayesedwa kuti ndi madera akum'mawa kwa United States kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina, matupi a brackish ndi madzi abwino aku Africa, Madagascar ndi Mexico.

Cuban Gambusia

Cuban Gambusia (Gambusi punctata) wafika pachilumba cha Cuba. Ili ndi thupi lokwera komanso lopindika pambuyo pake, lotseguka pakamwa lili pamwamba. Mtundu waukulu ndi wa imvi, mawanga amdima ali kumbali za thupi, omwe amapanga mizere 4-5. Mbali yakuda ndiyakuda.

Chimakhala m'madzi oyera okhala ndi malo opanda phokoso, nthawi zina omwe amapezeka m'mitsinje yamapiri.

Dominican Gambusia

Dominican Gambusia (Gambusia dominicensis) ndi nsomba yaying'ono yokhala ndi khungu lofiirira, lomwe m'munsi mwake limakhala lowala (kuyambira chikasu mpaka loyera) lomwe limawala. Madontho achikuda akuda kuyambira kumunsi kwa fin fin pamalire a pakati. Kumbuyo ndi mchira fin ndi lalanje wokhala ndi mawanga amdima.

Kuthengo, Dominican Gambusia amakhala ku Caribbean, Cuba, Jamaica ndi Dominican Republic. Amakonda mitsinje yatsopano ndi brackish ndi mitsinje yokhala opanda madzi osayenda komanso masamba ambiri.

Nicaraguan Gambusia

Nicaraguan gambusia (Gambusia nicaraguensis) ali ndi thupi lalitali komanso lopindika pambuyo pake lomwe limapukusa m'mbali. Thupi limatha kukhala lozungulira mpaka lowoneka bwino lomwe limakhala ndi mizere yopingasa yakuda. Pansi pamaso pali malo akuda mawonekedwe a makona atatu. Mizere yamdima yakadutsa m'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi ma anal.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imapezeka m'maiko a Central America, pomwe imakonda matupi abwino a madzi kapena opanda kanthu okhala ndi madzi osasunthika.

Zosangalatsa

M'mayiko ambiri, gambusia amadziwika kuti ndi wofunika ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yoletsa udzudzu wa malungo. Kuyambira theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 20, nsomba izi zimadziwika kuti ndicho chida chachikulu pakuwonongera malungo ku South America, pagombe lakumwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine. Mu 2008, matupi angapo amadzi adapangidwa ku maboma ena aku California pazifukwa izi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa awa atsika kwambiri.

Anthu okondwa a Adler, Israel ndi Corsica adamuikira zipilala.

Ku Australia, m'malo mwake, amakhulupirira kuti Gambusia idagwedeza kwambiri nyanja ndi mitsinje ya dzikolo. Kuletsa kugulitsa ndi kukonza kwayambitsidwa pano.

Kufotokozera za Gambusia kufotokozera kapangidwe ka zithunzi.

Gambusia kukonza ndi chisamaliro

Ngati aquarium yawonekera mwa inu osati kalekale, ndipo chidziwitso sichikwanira, ndiye kuti kutchova njuga wamba ndi nsomba yomwe ikukuyenererani. Nsombazi ndizosasamala, zimamva bwino m'mchere kapena mchere wambiri, kutentha kwake kumatha kusinthasintha madigiri 12-16.

Kutentha kukagwera mpaka madigiri 10, gambusia amayamba kuzimiririka kapena kuzimiririka. Palibe zofunikira zilizonse pakuyera kwa madzi kapena kuphatikizira okosijeni omwe amapezeka. Kusamalira gambusia ndikosavuta kwakuti ngakhale kudyetsa kumakhala kosavuta. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chokhazikika chomwe chimapezeka, nsomba zimaperekedwanso mphutsi zatsopano kuchokera pachitsamba pafupi kwambiri ndi nyumbayo.

Kukula kumachitika nthawi zambiri m'chilimwe pamadzi kutentha kwa madigiri 18 mpaka 22. Pakati pa nyengo, gambusia wachikazi amatha kupanga malita asanu a mwachangu. Mwa njira, gambusia ndi nsomba za viviparous. Kukula kwazing'ono kumayenera kubzala pomwepo, chifukwa cannibalism si mlendo kwa akulu. Makolo amasangalala kudya chakudya. Pakatha miyezi iwiri chibadwire, mwachangu ayamba kukhwima.

Izi nsomba zofiirira zomwe zili ndi utoto wamtambo wobiriwira sizitha kusungidwa malo wamba okhala ndi oyandikana nawo. Gambusia munthawi yochepa adzachotsa zipsepse, chifukwa zolengedwa zowoneka ngati zokongola kwenikweni zimakhala zowopsa.

Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina, malamulo odyetsa

Gambusia wamba nthawi zina amakhala nsomba yankhanza yomwe imatha kuvulaza zinsomba ku mitundu ina. Mosazindikira amazindikira nsomba zokhala ndi ziphuphu zazitali ndipo iwo omwe amasambira pang'onopang'ono - sizikhala bwino ndi zimbudzi ndi golidi. Oyandikana nawo oyenera a affinis - Sumatran barbs, Cardinals, fire barbs. Poyerekeza ndi abale, nsomba zimakhalanso zankhanza, chifukwa chake sizikulimbikitsidwa kuyika nsomba zamtunduwu m'mitundu yam'madzi. Pakakhala mantha akulu, nsomba zimabisala m'nthaka.

Mu chilengedwe, gambusia wamba amadya tizilombo ndi zomera. Affinis amatha kudya mphutsi mazana ambiri a udzudzu wa malungo patsiku; m'masiku 14, amadya masauzande angapo a tizilomboti. M'mikhalidwe ya aquarium yakunyumba, nsomba izi zimadya zakudya monga magazi am'mimba, daphnia, artemia, coretra, cyclops, zakudya zamasamba zokhala ndi fiber (letesi, dandelion, mapiritsi okhala ndi zosakaniza azitsamba). Udzudzu wa udzudzu wa malungo sugulitsidwa m'misika, ndiye kuti zakudya zamtunduwu sizidzapezeka m'zakudya.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Popeza nsomba ndi yaying'ono, koma yolusa - chakudya chokhazikika ndiye chakudya chabwino, koma makamaka chimadya chilichonse. Chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi chakuti, mphutsi za udzudzu, koma ndi ndani amene angayesetse kuzipeza? Njira ina ikhoza kukhala nyongolotsi yamagazi kapena mafupa. Zimadyanso chakudya chouma. Mwanjira ina, nsomba zodabwitsa, osati zokometsera ...

Inde, zipilala za nsomba yodziwikirayi zilipo! Mwachitsanzo, ku Corsica ndi ku Russia, ku Adler. Ndipo zikomo zonse poti m'chilengedwe gambusia ndiwomberi wosatopa wa "malungo" kutsogolo - amawonongeratu mphutsi za udzudzu. Koma zomwe zili mu nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi ... Mwatsoka, pakadali pano nsomba ndizosowa kwambiri, chifukwa ndizosavuta kuiwalika. Koma pachabe, chifukwa gambusia ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yoyambira nsomba yam'madzi. Mwakusazindikira komanso kupulumuka, ochepa poyerekeza ndi iyo (kupatula mwina nsomba yazodzala). Tsopano, zoyamba kuchita:

Gambusia kuthengo

Wobadwira ku mayiko akumwera kwa United States, ndipo amakhala m'chigwa cha Missouri ndi mitsinje yaying'ono yapafupi ndi mitsinje. Pali mitundu iwiri ya nsomba'yi - kum'mawa kapena gambusia wakum'mawa, komanso kumadzulo. Kuno mitundu yakum'mawa siyipezeka konse m'mizinda yam'madzi, ndipo yakumadzulo imatha kugulidwa m'misika yama petto. Matenda amtchire amaphatikizidwanso m'maiko ambiri, chifukwa ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi udzudzu ndi udzudzu. Ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, limakhala mwangwiro ku Krasnodar Territory, m'chigawo cha Sochi. Koma ku Australia, nsomba "sizinkakhulupirira" kotero kuti zimaphwanya chilengedwe cha malo ena osungirako ndipo motero amaletsedwa kuti azigulitsa ndi kubereketsa.

Mawonekedwe

Gambusia imatha kutchedwa nsomba yokongola yokha yokhotakhota. Nsomba yasisitere, chomwe ndi chobisa ... Komabe, ndizomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kwa oyamba ngati chinthu chofunikira kuwona ndikuwunika. Gambusia nthawi zambiri samakula kupitirira 6 cm, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo ndi akazi okhaokha - amuna ndi ochepa, osaposa masentimita 3-4. Akazi amtundu wa Gambus amapaka utoto wa siliva ndipo kunja amawoneka ngati akazi a guppy. Amuna ndi owala bwino, achikasu pang'ono ndi utoto wakuda m'matupi awo onse. Zipsepazo ndizopanda utoto, pafupifupi zowonekera. Pakamwa ndi kakang'ono, koma ndi mano akuthwa komanso olimba.

Malo okhala gambusia

Nsomba zodzipatula zimakhala ku Central, North ndi South America. Mitundu yambiri imakhala m'madzi atsopano, mitundu ina imakhala ndi madzi amchere kapena mchere.

Mitundu ingapo imaphatikizidwa m'magawo:

Acclimatization idachitika chifukwa chakuti gambusia amatenga nawo mbali pakulimbana ndi udzudzu wa malungo a anopheles, kudya mphutsi zawo, ndipo amathandizanso kuthana ndi matenda ena opatsirana monga matenda a chikasu. Mphutsi zomwe zimadya, gambusia, malinga ndi San usafi Law zimanenedwa ngati gawo labwino kwambiri la malo otentha. Adakhazikitsanso zipilala zamkuwa ku Adler, Israel ndi Corsica kuti zithandizire nawo polimbana ndi malungo.

Khalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha kutchova njuga

Gambusia affinis amakhala m'matumba, ali ndi mafoni komanso amtopola kwambiri osati kwa mitundu ina, komanso kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ziphuphu zowonongeka ndikuvulaza pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Munthawi yakuwopsa koopsa, amakumba pansi. Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali, akazi amasintha kugonana, amakhala mpaka milungu inayi pamenepa.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndizisunga ndi mitundu yochepetsetsa yokonda mtendere, yokhala ndi nsomba yagolide.

• nsomba zolusa
• akamba amadzi
• abakha ndi mbalame zina kudya nsomba zazing'ono.

GAMBUSIA VIDEO

Kodi chipilala choyikidwira ku Gambusia chinali chiyani?

Gambusia vulgaris (lat. Gambusia affinis) ndi nsomba yamoyo yodziwika bwino yabanja la Pecilieva. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya gambusia - Holbourka (kum'mawa) ndi affinis (kumadzulo), chomaliza chikugulitsidwa ngati nsomba yokongoletsera. Malo okhala zachilengedwe kumadzulo kwa Gambusia ndi mitsinje yamadzi abwino aku North America (Missouri ndi mabungwe ake). Nsombazo zikagulitsidwa ku Europe, zimasinthasintha mwachangu m'madzi am'deralo chifukwa cha kupirira ndi kusadziletsa. Phindu lake lalikulu ndikutha kuthana ndi udzudzu wa malungo ndi mphutsi zake; tizirombo tambiri timatha kudya tsiku lililonse. Zipilala zamangidwa ku nsomba izi m'maiko ena!

Kudumphira mwachangu pa nkhaniyi

Makhalidwe akunja, okhutira

Gambusia vulgaris amadziwika ndi thupi laling'ono - kukula kwake kumafika kutalika kwa 3-7 cm. Maonekedwe a nsomba ndi osaneneka, zazikazi zimafanana ndi ziphuphu zakumaso, mtundu wa milingo yamphongo ndi imvi, yopanda chiyembekezo. Samakhala motalika - zaka 2, zaka zomwe akazi amakhala ndi zaka zambiri ndizitali zazimuna.

Kuwala kwamtunduwu kwamtunduwu kumafotokozedwa: zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna potalika masentimita; Mchira wa amuna umakhala ndi ubweya wofiyira. Pa nthawi yobereka, wamkazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa malo amdima m'dera la anal fin.

Onani momwe masewera amiseche wamba amaonekera.

Amakonda kukhazikitsa ma gambusia ambiri m'madziwe kuti awongolere kuchuluka kwa udzudzu, koma m'malo okhala m'madzimo amawoneka bwino kwambiri ngati nsomba zokongoletsera. Zitha kuyikidwa mu thanki yama 50-80 malita kapena kupitilira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa fyuluta yamkati mu aquarium ndi chovala chimodzi koma popanda kaseti; Kukalamba kumafunikiranso. Magawo ovomerezeka ammadzi am'madzi: kutentha 20-24 ° C, acidity 7.0-7.2 pH, kuuma - mpaka 25 dH.

Momwe gambusia amadziberekera andende

Gambusia affinisis ndizovuta kubereka mu ukapolo, ngakhale kuti imanyamula ndikupanga mwachangu omwe amakhala okonzeka kale moyo wonse. Fryoyi ikakula, imafunika kusungidwa limodzi ndi akazi a 3-4 ndi amphongo amodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuchokera pachibwenzi chachimuna, chachikazi chimapanikizika kwambiri, ndipo sichingakhale payokha.

Vuto linanso pa kubereka ndi kuchedwetsa kubereka. Ichi ndichizolowezi chazisangalalo zazimayi zomwe zimachita izi pachiwopsezo; mu aquarium, imatha kukhala kuchokera kumbali ya wamwamuna. Kuti nsomba yachikazi ibereke mwachangu, imayenera kusamutsidwira kumalo ena osyanasiyana, kapena thankiyo igawidwe m'magawo kuti ikhumudwitse madera ake. Zotsatira zake, mkaziyo amabereka mwachangu 100-200 mwachangu, pambuyo pa njirayi amayenera kuyikidwa. Zakudya zoyambitsa makanda - Artemia mphutsi, microworm, phala losenda, chakudya chosenda bwino. Gambusia mwachangu amakula msanga.