Chimbalangondo chozizira kwambiri ndicho nyama yolusa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zake kulemera imatha kufikira matani 1, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi 3 m. Kutalika Chimbalangondo cholowera patalifota chimafika mpaka 1.5m. Nthawi zambiri, champhongo chimalemera makilogalamu 400-500, kutalika kwake ndi 2-2.5 m. Akazi ndi otsika kwambiri amuna amuna kukula kwake, kulemera pafupifupi 200-300 kg, kutalika 1.8-2 m.

Chimbalangondo cha polar chimasiyana ndi abale ake kapangidwe ka thupi, utoto wamkati ndi khungu. Mutu wonyamula chimbalangondo ndi watali kale kuposa ena onse oimira chimbalangondo, chokhala ndi mphumi komanso khosi lalitali. Mutu umazunguliridwa pamwamba. Chovala ndi choyera popanda mtundu wautoto. Khungu la chimbalangondo chakuda. Pamatumba a paws pali tsitsi lalitali ndi zopumira zazing'ono. Pakati pa zala zakumaso kuli zikhalidwe zosambira.

Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandiza kuti chimbalangondo chizitha kukhalabe ndi nyengo yozizira ya ku Antarctic. Chovala chofiyira cha chimbalangondo, chomwe chili ndi mizere iwiri yolimba, chimalepheretsa kuzizira. Kuphatikiza pa ubweya, kuti asamve kuzizira, amakhala ndi mafuta osanjikiza okwanira mpaka masentimita 13. Mafuta ndi matumphu pawotchi sizilola kuyenda pang'onopang'ono pa ayezi, ndipo zimagwira pakati pa zala zimathandizira kusambira.

Chimbalangondo chopanda poluka chimapangidwa bwino kununkhiza, kupenya ndi kumva. Ndi mphuno yake, amatha kununkhira nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wa 32 km. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owala, chimbalangondo cha polar chimatha kuwona chisindikizo kapena ubweya wautali pamtunda wa 1 km, ndipo kumva kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muzimva kuyenda kulikonse pansi pa madzi oundana. Mphamvu zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti polar akhale ndi mlenje wabwino kwambiri. Kuti agwire nyama, zimbalangondo zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali posambira.

Moyo wobera mayendedwe. M'chilimwe iwo amayandikira pafupi ndi mtengo, ndipo nthawi yozizira amabwerera kumwera moyandikira kumtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yozizira, ma polar amabala hibernate. Koma sizichitika chaka chilichonse komanso osati kwa nthawi yayitali. Amayi ambiri oyembekezera amakhala hibernate. Amphongo ndi amayi osakhala oyembekezera, ngati amakhala hibernate, ndiye kwanthawi yochepa kwambiri. Kugona polar kumabala mu mapiri. Mwa hibernation, azimayi oyembekezera asankha chisumbu cha Franz Josef Land ndi Wrangel Island.

Zanu ana zazikazi zimabereka mu khola momwe kutentha kumasungidwira pa 0 ° С. Kulemera kwa bere lobadwa kumene kumakhala pafupifupi magalamu 500-600, koma pomatha miyezi iwiri kulemera kwake kumafika pa 10 kg.

Ngakhale chimbalangondo cham'mapiri ndicho nyama yolusa kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa cha anthu, mawonekedwe ake akuwopsezedwa kuti adzawonongedwa. Chifukwa chake, chimbalangondo cha polar chimalembedwa Buku lofiira natetezedwa. M'malo ambiri okhala ndi zimbalangondo, kusaka kumaletsedwa ndi lamulo.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Nyamayo ili m'gulu la mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya zinyama, chifukwa yokhala yocheperako pamakedzana kutulutsira njovu ndi ndudu, komanso zoweta zakuya kwa nyanja.

Kuchokera pachiwopsezo chomwe chimakhala ndi chimbalangondo cha polar, chimakhala chaching'ono kuposa chisindikizo cha njovu, m'malo apadera mpaka kutalika kwa mamitala atatu ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka tani. Zimbalangondo zazikulu kwambiri polar zimapezeka munyanja ya Bering, komanso zazing'ono kwambiri ku Svalbard.

Kunja chimbalangondo polimbikitsa chithunzi , zofanana ndi abale ake a zimbalangondo, zomwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe a chigaza ndi khosi lokwera. Utoto wa ubweya nthawi zambiri umakhala yoyera, nthawi zina utoto wachikasu, motsogozedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa m'chilimwe, tsitsi la nyama limatha kutembenukira chikaso. Mphuno ndi milomo zakuda, komanso mtundu wa khungu.

Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi moyo zimakhala m'malo a polar kuchokera ku zipululu za Arctic kupita ku tundra kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Ndi abale a zimbalangondo zofiirira, pomwe adasiyana zaka 600,000 zapitazo.

Chimbalangondo chagona

Zimbalangondo zazikulu za polar, zomwe zinali zazikulu kwambiri kukula, zimapezeka. Chimbalangondo cha polar mu mawonekedwe ake amakono chidawoneka chifukwa chodutsa makolo awo ndi oimira mitundu ina zaka 100,000 zapitazo.Nyamayi imakhala ndi malo ambiri osungira mafuta, yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi yabwino komanso imamuthandiza kupulumuka nyengo yozizira ya Arctic.

Ubweya wautali komanso wandiweyani umathandizira kuti chimbalangondo cha polar sichimawopa nyengo yovuta ndipo sichikhala ndi kutentha kochepa. Tsitsi lake ndiloboweka komanso lodzadza ndi mpweya mkati. Mitsempha yama tchire imakutidwa ndi mulu waubweya, kotero kuti siziwuma kapena kuti asatenthe pa ayezi, pomwe nyama imasamba modekha m'madzi ozizira a kumpoto.

Amayi ndi teddy chimbalangondo padzuwa

Chimbalangondo nthawi zambiri chimayendayenda mosadumphadumpha, chimasunthira mbali ndi kutsitsa mutu wake pansi. Kuthamanga kwa nyamayo pa ola limodzi kuli pafupifupi makilomita asanu, koma nthawi yakusaka imayenda mwachangu ndikumangoyang'ana, ndikuyang'ana kumwamba.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Chizindikiro cha nyamayo ndikuti sachita mantha ndi anthu. Koma anthu ali bwino osakumana ndi adani olusa kuthengo. Pali milandu ingapo yomwe amabwera apaulendo ndi omwe akukhala komwe amakhala.

Ngati pali mwayi wokumana ndi nyama izi, muyenera kusamala kwambiri. Ku Canada, ngakhale ndende ya zimbalangondo idakonzedwa, komwe imayendetsedwa kuti ikamangidwe kwa kanthawi kochepa kwa anthu omwe ali oyenera kwambiri ndikuwononga mizinda ndi matauni. Chimbalangondochinyama payekha, koma nyamayo ndi ya abale awo mwamtendere.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri pakati pa okwatirana pamakhala mikwingwirima yayikulu panthawi yakukhwima. Palinso zochitika pamene akuluakulu amadya ana aana. Chimbalangondo cha nyama ya Arctic amakhala munyanja Amakonda maulendo apafupi komanso akutali.

Ndipo samayenda pamtunda wokha, koma amasambira chisangalalo pamadzi oundana, kuyenda nawo m'madzi ozizira, omwe samamuwopseza konse ndi kutentha kochepa, komwe amasuntha kuchoka ku ayezi kupita ku ayezi. Nyama ndizosambira zazikulu komanso zosiyanasiyana. Ndi nsapato zakuthwa, chimbalangondo chimatha kukumba chisanu mwangwiro, ndikugwetsa phanga labwino komanso lotentha.

M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimagona kwambiri, koma osazunza. Zimbalangondo za polar nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama. Poisunga m'maiko okhala ndi nyengo yosazungulira, zimachitika kuti tsitsi la nyamayo limasanduka lobiriwira kuchokera ku tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambira mmenemo.

Zimbalangondo zam'mapiri ndizosambira zazikulu

Moyo zimbalangondo ku malo osungira nyama a Novosibirsk online imatha kuwonedwa pa intaneti. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri komanso zotchuka ku Russia, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama zosowa.

Zimbalangondo zam'mapiri zimakhala zosowa kwambiri chifukwa cha kubereka kwapang'onopang'ono, kuwombera ozizira komanso kupha kwakukulu kwa nyama zazing'ono. Koma masiku ano kuchuluka kwawo kukukula pang'onopang'ono. Nyama zalembedwa, pazifukwa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa, mu Buku Lofiyira.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chimbalangondo cha polar ndi mbali ya nyama ya tundra, ndipo okhala m'madzi ozizira, monga walrus, chisindikizo, hare hare ndi chisindikizo, asanduka nyama yawo. Pofunafuna nyama, nyamayo imayimirira ndi kuwombera mpweya. Ndipo amatha kununkhiza zisindikizo pa mtunda wa kilomita imodzi, kumakunyenyerera mosakwiya kuchokera kumbali yoyang'anizana ndi kuyenda kwa mphepo, kuti womenyayo asazindikire kuti mdani wayandikira.

Chimbalangondo cha Polar chimasaka nsomba

Kusaka kumachitika nthawi zambiri pamiyala ya ayezi, alikuti zimbalangondokubisala m'misasa, amadikirira nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi mabowo. Mtundu wao woyera, womwe umapangitsa kuti nyama zizioneka pakati pa ayezi ndi matalala, umathandiza kwambiri kuchita bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, chimbalangondo chija chimatseka mphuno yake, chomwe chimatuluka chakuda popanda kuwala.

Wodwalayo akayamba kutuluka m'madzi, ndi chiwalo champhamvu champhamvu chakuthwa, chilombocho chimabera nyama yake ndikuchikoka. Chimbalangondo cha polar nthawi zambiri chimakhamukira kumiyendo yachisindikizo pamimba pake. Kapena kulowa m'madzi am'nyanja, kuchokera pansi kumatembenuza madzi oundana, ndi chisindikizo pomwepo, ndikuimaliza.

Nthawi zina amadzidikirira pamadzi oundana, kenako, ndikumakhazikika mwakachetechete, imagwiritsitsa zolimba zamphamvu.Ndi walrus, yemwe ndi mdani wamphamvu kwambiri, polowayo amangomenya nkhondo pamtunda, imang'amba thupi lake ndikudya mafuta ndi khungu, nthawi zambiri imasiya thupi lake lonse kupita ku chinyama china.

M'nyengo yotentha amakonda kusaka mbalame za madzi. Panthawi yakusowa chakudya choyenera, imatha kudya nsomba zakufa ndi zovunda, kudya anapiye, algae ndi udzu, mazira a mbalame.

Zokhudza chimbalangondo Nthawi zambiri amati nyama zimapita kunyumba za anthu kukafunafuna chakudya. Nkhani za kubedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa maulendo apamtunda, kubedwa kwa chakudya mnyumba zosungiramo malo ndi maphwando mulu wa zinyalala kunadziwika.

Misomali ya chimbalangondo ndi yakuthwa kwambiri kotero kuti nyamayo imatha kutsegulira zitini zawo. Nyama ndi zanzeru kwambiri kwakuti zimasunga chakudya, nthawi zambiri, nthawi yayitali.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Kukula kwa chimbalangondo ichi kupitilira mkango ndi kambuku. Kumene kuli zilombo zosowa za nyama yathu yaku Russia! Kutalika kwake kumafikira 3 mita. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri 2-2,5 m. A unyinji wa chimbalangondo pafupifupi theka la tani. Wamphongo wamkulu amalemera makilogalamu 450-500. Akazi ndi ocheperako. Kulemera kuyambira 200 mpaka 300 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 1.3 mpaka 1.5 m.

Kutalika kwa chilombo chokulirapo nthawi zambiri chimafikira mamita 1.4. Mphamvu yayitali kwambiri ya nyamayi imafanana ndi kukula kwake. Zitsanzo zimakhala pafupipafupi pomwe chimbalangondo chimanyamula mosavuta munthu wogwidwayo, wobzala kapena walrus.

Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti chilengedwe champhamvu kwambiri cha chilombochi, chomwe nkovuta kuchikhulupirira, chimalemera. Maonekedwe ake ndi osiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina. Choyamba, ndi yoyera kwenikweni. M'malo mwake, tsitsi lake limayera kuyambira yoyera mpaka wachikaso. M'nyengo yozizira imakhala yowala, nthawi yotentha imasanduka chikasu pansi pa thambo.

Chimbalangondo pandalama Zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi malo omwe ali pompopompo. Mawonekedwe ake pamenepo amaphatikizana ndi madzi oundana, mphuno imodzi yakuda ndi maso ake akutsutsana ndi mbiri yonse. Zimveka momveka bwino momwe chilengedwechi chilili choyera.

Mosiyana ndi chimbalangondo wamba, alibe thupi lodzaza, koma "kuthamangitsa". Khosi lalitali, mutu wosalala, mphuno yayitali komanso yodera. Pali umboni kuti iye amatha kununkhira nyama yosirayo ngakhale pansi pa madzi oundana.

Natural adasamalira "zovala" zake mowolowa manja, potengera nyengo yozizira. Chovala chake ndi chokulirapo komanso chotalika; Tsitsi limakhala lopanda kanthu, lolani ku kuwala kwa dzuwa.

Ndipo khungu pansi pa malaya ndilakuda, ndipo limawotha bwino, limasungabe kutentha. Miyendo ya mdani ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, kutha ndi miyendo yayikulu. Zovala zamtambo ndizolocha ndi ubweya kuti zisamayendeyende kuzungulira anthu ndipo sizizizira.

Pali nembanemba pakati pa zala, amamuthandiza kusambira. Kutsogolo kwa matako kumakutidwa ndi bristles olimba. Zovala zazikulu zimakhala zobisika pansi pake, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wogwira ndikugwira mpaka mutafika ndi mano anu.

Nsagwada ndizazikulu, zopangidwa bwino, pali mano okwana 42. Mchira wa bere laling'ono ndi laling'ono, kuyambira 7 mpaka 13 cm. Sawoneka pansi pa tsitsi lalitali kumbuyo.

Chilombo chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira ndi kutha. Popeza ndi wachibale wapakati wa chimbalangondo chofiirira, sakhala wamtali kwambiri. Imatha kuthamanga mpaka 6 km pamtunda, kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h, izi zisanachitike, kufunafuna womenyedwayo mofatsa. Imadzuka bwino, amasankha bwino nthawi yoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito kusalinganika kwa nthaka, kuukira modzidzimutsa komanso mwachangu.

Amasambira komanso kusambira bwinobwino. Nditha kusambira pamtunda woyenera, kuthamanga mpaka 7 km / h. Oyendetsa sitima, akuyenda kunyanja zakumpoto, amakumana mobwerezabwereza ndi zimbalangondo posambira munyanja kutali ndi gombe.

Onjezerani kwa izi kulimba mtima kopambana kwa polar mbuye komanso kuzizira koopsa, ndipo zidzawonekeratu chifukwa chake kumpoto konseko anthu onse amaopa mtsogoleri wankhanza uyu. Chingwe chokhachokha chokhala ndi ma fangala ataliitali ndi chomwe chimagwirana ndi chimbalangondo chakumpoto. Ndipo mwamunayo, akutenga mfuti, anayimbanso chilombo.Ngakhale, ichi chinali chimodzi mwazifukwa zonyansa zowopsa za nyama yodabwitsa.

Timalingalira achibale apafupi kwambiri a chimbalangondochi kuti ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira, chimbalangondo chakuthwa, chimbalangondo cha Chimalay, chimbalangondo (chimbalangondo chakuda), chimbalangondo cha Himalayan ndi panda. Zimbalangondo zonsezi ndizosangalatsa, kukwera bwino, kusambira, kuthamanga kwambiri, zimatha kuyima ndikuyenda kwakanthawi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo.

Zili ndi malaya amtundu wautali, mchira waifupi komanso fungo labwino. Mphuno ndi chiwalo chokhwima kwambiri kwa iwo. Njuchi imodzi ikuluma m'mphuno imatha kutsogolera chilombocho kutulutsa chizimba.

Brown chimbalangondo ndikuyimira odziwika kwambiri pagululi. Anagawidwa m'dera lalikulu kwambiri la Eurasia - kuchokera ku Spain kupita ku Kamchatka, kuchokera ku Lapland kupita ku mapiri a Atlas.

Pali zopatuka pang'ono kuchokera pamtundu wamba (chimbalangondo chofiira, chofufumitsa - Syria), koma ndizochepa. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake ponsepo: yayikulu (mpaka 2m kutalika, kulemera mpaka 300 kg), lolemera, clubfoot. Chovalacho ndi chakuda, chofiirira pakhungu, ndipo mutu ndi wamkulu.

Chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi zoopsa, koma osati zachinyengo. Chikhalidwe cha chirombo ichi chimakhazikika pa kukonda mtendere ndi phlegmatism. Chimbalangondo chasiliva kapena cha imvi chimakhala ku North America. Amamutcha kuti grizzly. Iye ndi wamkulu kuposa mnzake woderapo, wamtali mamita 2.5, wolemera (mpaka 400 makilogalamu) ndipo wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa pamenepo.

Thupi lake lalitali lokhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira lamtundu wakuda, pamphumi yopyapyala komanso mikono yayikulu yokhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba mpaka 12 masentimita nthawi yomweyo limagwira. Mosiyana ndi woyamba uja, ndi woipa komanso wachinyengo.

Pali nthano zowopsa zomwe zimamuchitikira. Monga kuti sanachite bwino, mumupweteke kapena ayi. Ndikokwanira kwa iye kuti awone munthu woti amutembedzere. Ndikovuta kwambiri kumubisa, amathamanga kwambiri komanso amasambira bwino kwambiri.

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti anthu achi Aborigine aku North America adaona mphamvu ngati mdani kukhala munthu wamkulu kwambiri kuposa munthu aliyense. Omwe adamugonjetsa ndikudzipangira khosi la mafupa ndi mano a chimbalangondo chonyansa adakondwera ndi ulemu waukulu mu fuko.

Wokhala wabwino kwambiri wachibale wamtunduwu, chimbalangondo china chaku America ndi baribal, kapena chimbalangondo chakuda. Ali ndi nkhope yakuthwa, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuposa grizzly, ali ndi mapazi afupi komanso ubweya wolimba wautoto wonyezimira.

Mmodzi mwa oimira zimbalangondo za ku Asia ndi chimbalangondo cha Himalayan. Achijapani amamutcha Kuma, Amwenye - Balu ndi Zonar. Thupi lake limakhala loonda kwambiri kuposa la abale ake, chizolowezi chake chimakhala cholunjikika, pamphumi pake ndi mphuno zimapanga mzere wowongoka.

Makutu ndi akulu ndi ozungulira, miyendo ndiyifupi, misomali ndiyifupi, ngakhale yolimba. Ubweya wake ndi wakuda bii, wokhala ndi mzere pachifuwa. Kukula mpaka 1,8 m, ndi zonse pafupifupi 110-115 kg. Imafanana ndi ya bulauni momwe imakhalira, ndikamantha kwambiri.

Chimbalangondo cha Chimalay, kapena Biruang, chimapezeka ku Indochina ndi Great Sunda Islands. Iye ndi wautali, wosadukiza, mutu wake ndi wokulirapo, ndi zokutira, makutu ang'ono ndi maso owala.

Masamba akuluakulu osawerengeka amatha ndi zibwano zamphamvu. Chovalacho ndi chakuda, chokhala ndi mawalo achikasu achikasu pazipukutu ndi pachifuwa. Zochepa kuposa ena, kutalika mpaka 1.5 m, kulemera mpaka 70 kg. Chithandizo chomwe amakonda ndi minda ya kokonati.

Pomaliza, panda ndi chimbalangondo. Ngakhale ena amalimba mtima kumuyika iye pakati pa achichepere. Miyoyo ku China. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda ndi woyera, mabwalo akuda otchuka mozungulira maso. Makutu ndi miyendo yakuda. Imatha kufikira 1.5 m kutalika, ndipo imalemera mpaka 150 makilogalamu. Amakonda kudya mphukira zazing'ono za bamboo. Ndi chizindikiro cha China.

Moyo & Habitat

Zimbalangondo zimakhala m'malo a polar a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Amakhala kum'mwera kwa Pacific. Ku Russia, imatha kuwoneka pagombe la Arctic ku Chukotka, pagombe la Chukchi ndi Bering Seas.

Chiwerengero chake cha Chukchi tsopano chimadziwika kuti ndicho chachikulu padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, nthumwi zazikulu kwambiri zimakhala mu Nyanja ya Barents, anthu ochepa amakhala pafupi ndi chilumba cha Spitsbergen.Mukuyembekeza mafunso otheka, tikukudziwitsani kuti chimbalangondo cha polar sichimapezeka ku Antarctica. Dziko lakwawo ndi Arctic.

Mwini wakumpoto amakhala malo pafupi ndi madzi. Ndimatha kusambira paulendo woyenda komanso wopanda nyanja. Zimasunthika kwakanthawi komanso kusintha kwa malire a ayezi wapakatikati: M'chilimwe amachoka nawo pafupi ndi mtengo, nthawi yozizira amabwerera kumtunda. Chifukwa nthawi yozizira ili pathanthwe pamtunda.

Nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimalowa m'malo obisala, podikirira kubadwa kwa ana. Munthawi imeneyi amayesetsa kuti asasunthe, kuti asavulaze ana amtsogolo. Chifukwa chake hibernation. Zimatenga masiku 80-90. Amuna ndi akazi ena osayembekezera ana amathanso kubisala, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali komanso osati chaka chilichonse.

Chimbalangondo chimasambira bwino kwambiri, ndipo chovala chowala chimakhala chikuteteza kumadzi ozizira. Wosanjikiza wamafuta ochulukirapo amathandizanso kuteteza ku kuzizira. Chilombochi chimabisala mosavuta mu ayezi ndi chipale chofewa, chimagwira nyama pama kilomita angapo, ndizosatheka kuthawa kapena kusambira kuti ichoke.

Alendo oyambilira a polar mobwerezabwereza anachita mantha ndi nthano zaukali wa chirombochi. Amati sanazengereze kulowa m'madzi omwe anali oundana kuti azitha kupeza chakudya.

Iwo adagwira kampani yonse pamiyala, osawopa konse oyenda. Mobwerezabwereza anaukira chisanu, kuwononga malo oyenda, kuthyola denga, kuyesayesa kulowa mkati.

Komabe, nthano zamtsogolo za ofufuza a polar adanenanso modzikuza chilombochi. Ngakhale wopanda chida, munthu amakhoza kufuula mokweza kuti awopseze nyamayo ndikuthawa. Kukhala chete kwa madzi oundana kunamuphunzitsa mantha akulira.

Chilombo chovulala nthawi zonse chimathawa. Amabisa mu chisanu kuti achiritse. Komabe, munthu akaganiza zowukira ana kapena kulowa mkatikati mwa chilombocho, amakhala wotsutsa kwambiri. Ndiye ngakhale mfuti siyimamuletsa.

Ndiwanzeru komanso wachidwi, koma osati wamantha. Iwo ati, atakhumudwa pa chimbalangondo choyera, anthu adathawa. Kenako olambawo adayamba kuwathamangitsa. Panjira, adaponya zinthu zawo - zipewa, magolovu, timitengo, china.

Chilombochi chimangoyima nthawi ndi nthawi ndikufufuza zomwe zapezedwa, ndikufufuza chilichonse mwachidwi. Sizinadziwika kuti chimbalangondo chimathamangitsa anthu, kapena ngati chinali ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Zotsatira zake, chinali chifukwa cha chidwi chofuna kubwezeretsa nyama chomwe anthu adatha kuthawa.

Nthawi zambiri, zimbalangondo zimakhala zokha, osapanga magulu akulu abanja. Ngakhale pakukakamizidwa kudzikundikira pakati pawo utsogoleri ndi mwambo amakhazikitsidwa. Wotsogola wamkulu nthawi zonse amakhala wofunikira kwambiri. Ngakhale ali okhulupilika kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kungoyambira tiana tating'ono, zimbalangondo zachikulire nthawi zina zimakhala zoopsa.

Popeza amaberekera ubwana wawo, zimbalangondo za polar zimatha kukhala bwinobwino mu ukapolo ndikuzolowera anthu. Amafuna kusamba pafupipafupi, ndibwino kuti azikulowerera m'chipale chofewa. Ponena za chakudya, palibe vuto ndi iwo, popeza amadya chilichonse - nyama, nsomba, ndi uchi. Ndi zimbalangondo zina zogwidwa, ndiwokongola osasamala. Ukalamba amakhala osakwiya kwambiri. Milandu imadziwika kuti adakhalako zaka 25-30 mpaka kuchuluka.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

M'mawonekedwe, zimbalangondo ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zazimuna, zazing'ono kwambiri kukula ndi kulemera. Nyama zimakhala ndi ziwerengero zochepa. Yaikazi imatha kukhala ndi pakati pazaka zinayi, kubala imodzi yokha, zowonjezera kwambiri, ana atatu aamuna, ndipo osaposa khumi ndi asanu m'moyo wonse. Chimbalangondo pakupisa nthawi zambiri chimatsatiridwa ndi angapo abwenzi.

Teddy chimbalangondo chimabadwa nthawi yozizira, m'makola opangidwa ndi amayi awo m'mayendedwe agombe. Chovala chofunda ndi chokulirapo chimawateteza ku kuzizira. Kudzimvera ngati zotayira zopanda pake, amadya mkaka wa amayi, kumamamatira posaka kutentha. Ndipo nthawi yamasika ikakwana, amachoka pothawirako kuti akafufuze dziko lapansi.

Koma samasokoneza kulumikizana ndi amayi ake, kumamutsatira zidendene, kuphunzira kusaka komanso nzeru za moyo. Mpaka anawo atadziyimira pawokha, chimbalangondo chimawateteza kwa adani ndi zoopsa. Abambo samangokhala ndi chidwi ndi ana awo, komanso amathanso kuvulaza ana awo.

Mbadwa za chimbalangondo chakuda komanso polar zimatchedwa grizzlies za polar, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumalo osungira nyama. M'malo abwinobwino, zimbalangondo za polar sizikhala zaka zopitilira 30. Ndipo ali mu ukapolo, ali ndi zakudya komanso chisamaliro chabwino, amakhala nthawi yayitali.

Habitat

Zimbalangondo za Polar zimakhala mu ayezi wa circumpolar Arctic. Pali anthu pafupifupi 20 omwe pafupifupi samasakanikirana komanso amasiyana kwambiri - kuyambira 200 mpaka masauzande angapo. Kukula kwa dziko lonse lapansi kuli nyama pafupifupi 22-27,000.

Kukhazikika kwa zimbalangondo zaposachedwa ndi ayezi wam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zilumba, pomwe kuchuluka kwa nyama zawo zazikulu - chosindikizidwa - ndizokwera kwambiri. Anthu ena amakhala pakati pa madzi oundana osabereka kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati cha Arctic. Kuchokera kumwera, kugawa kwawo kumakhala malire ndi malire akum'mwera kwa nyengo yozizira ya madzi oundana mu Nyanja za Bering ndi Barents komanso ku Labrador Strait. M'madera omwe madzi oundana amasungunuka kwathunthu mchilimwe (Hudson Bay ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Baffin Island), nyama zimatha miyezi ingapo pagombe, zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungirako kufikira madzi atayamba kuzizira.

Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha chimbalangondo

Chimbalangondo chomwe chili polar ndicho membala waukulu kwambiri pabanja la chimbalangondo. Monga mtundu wodziimira pawokha, idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1774 ndi C. Phipps, idalandira dzina lachi Latin loti Ursus maritimus, lotanthauza "chimbalangondo cha kunyanja".

Zimbalangondo zomwe zimachokera ku bulauni kumapeto kwa Pleistocene, wakale kwambiri wazaka zana limodzi wapezeka ku Royal Botanic Garden ku London.

Kutalika kwa amuna ndi 2-2,5 m, chachikazi ndi 1.8-2 m, amuna akulemera makilogalamu 400-600 (makamaka anthu opeza bwino amatha kulemera tani), akazi 200-350 kg.

Pachithunzichi, chimbalangondo cholumikizira pansi chikulumpha kuchokera ku ayezi. Ngakhale ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri, nyamazo ndizoyenda modabwitsa. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kuyenda kwa maola angapo, ndipo pamtunda amatha kupitirira 20 km patsiku, ngakhale nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizitentha kwambiri.

Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo okhala nyengo yovuta. Thupi la nyama yolusa yozunguzika ndiyotopa, ilibe kufota. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, mutu wa polar ndi wautali komanso wautali, wokhala ndi mphumi komanso khosi lalitali. Makutu a chilombocho ndiung'ono, wozungulira.

Chifukwa cha chovala chambiri komanso mafuta ambiri, olondolera polar amakhala omasuka kwambiri kutentha kwa -50 ° C. Mwachilengedwe, ubweya wawo ndi woyera, umakhala choyenera kubera nyama. Komabe, nthawi zambiri ubweya umapeza tint yachikasu chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa ndi mafuta makutidwe ndi okosijeni, makamaka nthawi yotentha. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndi chovala choyera, khungu la nyamayo ndi lakuda. Zoterezi zimagwira ngati chopezera mphamvu zachilengedwe dzuwa, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizosowa kwambiri malo okhala.

Chochititsa chidwi: Ngakhale kuti zimbalangondo zakunja ndi zofiirira ndizosiyana kwambiri, ndi abale apamtima ndipo andende akhoza kubala mitundu. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mtanda umatchedwa grolar kapena pizzley.

Polar Bears L Moyoyle

Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar zimangokhala zokhazokha, zimangokhala ziwiri pokhapokha panthawi yophukira. Milandu ya kudzikundikira kwawo, nthawi zina kwa anthu angapo, m'malo omwe kuli chakudya chokwanira, ndizosowa. Magulu a nyama zodya nyama zaposachedwa kulolerana amalolerana wina ndi mnzake podyetsa nyama zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, namgumi wakufa. Komabe, nkhondo kapena miyambo yamwambo sizachilendo, koma chirombo chilichonse chimayiwala za momwe alili.

Nyama zimakhala ndi moyo wosadukiza, kupatula nthawi yokhala m'malo ogona.Dens amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi akazi pakubala ndi kudyetsa ana. Komanso malo othawirako ogona nthawi yozizira, koma nyama zimabisala mwachidule osati chaka chilichonse.

Kodi abambo amapangira bwanji?

Zoyatsira zazikazi zimagawidwa m'magulu anthawi yochepa chabe. Mu generic dipper chimbalangondo. Kukhala kwawo m'makola otere kumakhala kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Khola losakhalitsa limakhala ndi kubereka akazi kwakanthawi - kuyambira tsiku limodzi mpaka masabata awiri, ndipo patali mpaka mwezi umodzi kapena kupitirira apo.

Ancestral lair imakhala ndi chipinda chimodzi kapena zingapo. Kutalika kwa chipindacho kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 100 mpaka 500, m'lifupi - kuchokera 70 mpaka 400 cm, kutalika - kuyambira 30 mpaka 190 cm, kutalika kwa kakhitchini kumasiyana kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 820 cm.

Ma zovala apanthawi yochepa amasiyana ndi zovala wamba zopangidwa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kupanga: chipinda chimodzi ndi poyambira (mpaka 1.5-2 m), ngati lamulo, wokhala ndi makhoma "atsopano" ndi pansi, pabwino pang'ono.

Kupsinjika, maenje ndi maenje opanda mpanda wolowera komanso wofotokozedwa momveka bwino nthawi zina amadzatchulanso kuti maula osakhalitsa, koma kungakhale kwabwino kwambiri kuwatcha iwo pobisalira. Malo oterowo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zimbalangondo kwa nthawi yochepa - kuchokera maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo. Amapereka nyamayo chisamaliro chochepa, mwachitsanzo, pogona pakakhala nyengo yoipa.

Nthawi zina nyengo yamvula (chipale chofewa, chisanu), zimbalangondo, pofuna kupulumutsa mphamvu, zimatha kugwerako kwakanthawi kwa milungu ingapo. Nyamayi imakhala ndi vuto limodzi mwakuthupi: pomwe zimbalangondo zina zimatha kubisala nthawi yozizira yokha, ngwazi yathu imatha kugwa nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ambuye a kumpoto amadya chiyani?

Chingwe cholumikizira (cholembera cham'mimba) pakudya kwa zimbalangondo ndizakudya No. 1, mpaka pang'ono, khwangwala wam'madzi amakhala nyama yawo (nyama yake imagwira ikapumira kuti ipume). Nyama zimasaka zisindikizo, kuzidikirira pafupi ndi "ma vents", komanso m'malo omwe zimaswanirana pamadzi oundana, pomwe ana osadziwa zambiri amakhala osavuta kudya nyama. Chimbalangondo chimangodumphira m'mwamba munthu wovulalayo, kenako ndikuponya pansi ndikugwera m'madzi. Kuti ikukulitse "nyama" zazing'ono, chilombo chimaswa madzi oundana ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yake. Akulira kutsogolo kwa thupi lamadzi, amapaka nsagwada zamphamvu ndikukokera mu ayezi. Zimbalangondo zimatha kupeza komwe bowo limasungidwira ndi chipale chofewa chotalika mita, zimapita kwa ilo kuchokera pamtunda wamakilomita, zimangoyang'ana fungo lokhalokha. Vutoli lawo ndi limodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pakati pa zinyama zonse. Zimasakanso ma walrus, ma belugas, narwhals, mbalame zam'madzi za mbalame za mbalame.

Kutulutsa kwa nyanja ndikofunikira kudyetsa zilala zam'mapapo: mitembo ya nyama zakufa, zinyalala zochokera pakuwedza nyama. Zimbalangondo zambiri nthawi zambiri zimadziunjikana pafupi ndi mtembo wa chinsomba choponyedwa kumtunda (chithunzi).

Chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polala, chomwe chimakonda kukhala chinyama chokongola, komabe, chokhala ndi njala komanso osatha kusaka nyama yake - zisindikizo, chimatha kusinthira mosavuta kuzakudya zina, kuphatikiza zakudya zam'mera (zipatso, seaweed, zomera za herbaceous, mosses ndi lichens, nthambi za tchire). Ichi, mwachiwonekere, chiyenera kuwonedwa ngati kusinthasintha kwa mitundu kwa mitundu kukhala m'malo ovuta a chilengedwe.

Mu mpando umodzi, chilombo chimatha kudya chakudya chochuluka kwambiri, kenako, ngati kulibe nyama, khalani ndi njala kwa nthawi yayitali.

M'masiku amakono, kuwonjezeka kwa luso la zachilengedwe pazachilengedwe kumatha kubweretsa vuto la chakudya cha chimbalangondo, kulikakamiza kuti lizisinthana ndi chakudya chachiwiri nthawi zambiri, kuyendera zowonongeka m'malo okhala, kuwononga malo osungiramo katundu, etc.

Kuyimitsa kwamuyaya

Kusintha kwa ayezi kosunthika kumakakamiza zimbalangondo zakumpoto kuti zizisintha malo okhala, kufunafuna malo omwe zisindikizo zimakhala zochulukirapo ndipo pakati pa malo oundana pali lotseguka kapena lophimbidwa ndi madontho aang'ono oundana, njira ndi ming'alu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamavutike. Mawebusayiti oterowo nthawi zambiri amangokhala malo a zapripaynoy, ndipo sizotheka mwatsoka kuti nyama zambiri zimakhazikika kuno nthawi yozizira. Koma nthawi ndi nthawi, dera la zapryapnaya limatsekedwa kwathunthu chifukwa cha kuwina kwamphepo, kenako zimbalangondo ziyenera kusamukira kumadera ena kukafunafuna malo abwino osaka. Madzi oundana, okhawo nthawi yozizira komanso chiyambi cha masika, amakhalabe osasunthika, koma palibe paliponse pomwe pakhale zisindikizo, chifukwa chake, zimbalangondo.

Pofufuza malo abwino osaka, nyama nthawi zina zimayenda maulendo ataliatali. Chifukwa chake, malo awo amakhala mosiyanasiyana ngakhale mu nyengo imodzi, osatchulanso kusiyana kwapakati pa nyengo ndi chaka. Pakapanda malo a chimbalangondo, anthu kapena magulu a mabanja kwakanthawi amakhala malo ochepa. Koma, zinthu zikangoyamba kusintha kwambiri, nyama zimachoka kumadera otere ndikupita kumadera ena.

Kubereka

Nthawi yakukhwima ikupezeka pa Epulo-Meyi. Pakati pa amuna panthawiyi pamakhala nkhondo yayikazi.

Zachikazi zimadziwika ndi ovulation (zimayenera kukwatirana nthawi zambiri masiku angapo zisanachitike mazira ndi umuna), chifukwa chake awiriawiri bwino kubereka amakhalabe limodzi kwa masabata 1-2. Kuphatikiza apo, zimbalangondo za polar zimadziwika ndi kuchepetsedwa kukhazikika kufikira pakati pa Seputembara-Okutobala, kutengera kutalika komwe nyamazo zimakhala. Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, ana amabadwa m'malo ambiri. Izi zimachitika m'phanga la chipale chofewa. Ana amabadwa akulemera pafupifupi magalamu 600. Pobadwa, tsitsi lawo limakhala loonda kwambiri motero zimawoneka ngati amaliseche. Kufikira zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, mkaka wa mayiyo ndiye chakudya chachikulu. Mkaka uwu ndi wamafuta kwambiri - 28-30%, koma akuwoneka ngati olekanitsidwa pang'ono.

Nthawi zina chimbalangondo chimasiya kabowo kamene kamakhala “chosagwira ntchito”, pomwe ana ake adakalibe. Amayenda movutikira ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika. Ngati banja lotere lisokonezedwa panthawiyi, chachikazi, kupulumutsa ana, imawanyamula m'mano.

Ana ake akafika pamtunda wa makilogalamu khumi ndi limodzi, amayamba kutsagana ndi amayi awo kulikonse. Amamutsatira momasuka pamalo otsetsereka, nthawi zambiri amasewera masewera akuyenda. Nthawi zina masewera amatha pomenya nkhondo, pomwe ana awo amabangula kwambiri.

Zimbalangondo zina zomwe zimapita kukayenda zimakonda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mu chisanu. Amasenda pa chisanu, kupaka nkhope zawo pamenepo, kugona pamatumbo awo ndikukwawa, kukankha miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, kusunthira pansi moteremuka mosiyanasiyana: kumbuyo, mbali kapena m'mimba. Kwa zimbalangondo zachikulire, izi ndi njira zotsukira zaukhondo zomwe zimapangidwa kuti ubweya ukhale waukhondo. M'makola amatengera amayi awo, izi zimakhalanso ndi mtundu wosewera.

Kuphunzitsidwa kwa Ursa kwa achichepere mwina kumatenga nthawi yayitali pomwe banja limapitilira. Kutsanzira kwa amayi kumawonekera ngakhale makanda ali m'khola, mwachitsanzo, ntchito yokumba. Amamupatsanso nthawi zina akamamadya mbewu.

Popeza ndatsalira ndende, banjali limapita kunyanja. Paulendo, nthawi zambiri wamkazi amayimira kudyetsa ana ake, nthawi zina amadzidyetsa podulira mbewu pansi pa chisanu. Nyengo ikakhala kuti ili ndi mphepo, imagona kumbuyo ndipo imawonekeranso ndi chipale chofewa, imakumba dzenje laling'ono kapena khola kwakanthawi. Kenako mabanjawo amapita ku ayezi. Mu theka loyambirira la Meyi, nthawi zina zazikazi ndi ana amapezekabe pamtunda, koma mwina pakati pa iwo omwe pazifukwa zina anasiya kuchereza kwawo mochedwa.

Zachikazi zimatha kubereka kamodzi pazaka zitatu zilizonse, chifukwa ana ake ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 2,5. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, akazi amakhala amayi, nthawi zambiri azaka zapakati pa 4-5, kenako amabereka zaka zitatu zilizonse mpaka atamwalira. Nthawi zambiri, ana awiri amabadwa. Ana akuluakulu kwambiri ndi ana akuluakulu kwambiri amapezeka mwa akazi azaka 8-10. Mu zimbalangondo zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono, 1 kubadwa nthawi zambiri kumabadwa. Pali umboni kuti akazi achikulire mu chilengedwe amatha kusintha ma cubs kapena kutengera ana omwe makolo awo amwalira chifukwa china.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa zimbalangondo zazimayi ndi zaka 25-30, amuna - mpaka zaka 20.

Matenda, adani ndi mpikisano

Mwa zimbalangondo zaposachedwa, matenda oopsa a m'matumbo komanso minyewa ofala ngati trichinosis afala. Matenda ena omwe ali nawo ndi osowa kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, amavulala pamavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo omwe amapangidwira kumenyerana wina ndi mzake kuti akhale ndi mkazi kapena chakudya. Koma alibe zoyipa zazikululi.

Mbale wonyamula zimbalangondo amatha kukhala munthu amene amadyera zisamba chifukwa cha khungu, ubweya ndi nyama, kusokoneza mgwirizano pakati pa wolusa ndi nyama.

Mmbulu ndi nkhandwe ya arctic zimakhudza pang'ono kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuwukira ndi kupha ana.

Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi polar ndimunthu

Chifukwa cha njira zotchingira nyama zomwe zimadyera polar, chiopsezo cha kutha kwawo sichochepa. M'mbuyomu, adawoneka ngati nyama zovutikira, koma atalowa nawo mgwirizano mu 1973 Polar Bear Conservation Agiriki, anthu akhazikika.

Malinga kuti kusaka zimbalangondo polar kumayendetsedwa, sikudzawonongedwa. Komabe, pali nkhawa kuti kuchuluka kwawo kungatsike chifukwa cha kubereka kwapang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri anthu am'deralo amawagwedeza, omwe oimira awo amapha anthu pafupifupi 700 pachaka. Koma vuto lalikulu kwa akatswiri athu ndi kutentha kwanyengo ndi kuwononga chilengedwe.

Madera a ku Arctic, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, mwayi wokhala wolumikizana pakati pa wolimbana ndi polar ndi munthu wawonjezereka. Zotsatira zake, zochitika zotsutsana zimapangidwa zomwe ndizowopsa mbali zonse ziwiri. Zimbalangondo zamapiri, komabe, sizingaganizidwe kuti zimakhala zankhanza kwa anthu, koma pali zosiyana. Nyama zambiri zimakhazikika zikakumana ndi munthu, pomwe zina sizimamumvera. Koma pali ena omwe amathamangitsa munthu, makamaka ngati atathawa. Mwachiwonekere, pakadali pano chilombochi chimalimbikitsa kuzunzidwa. Chifukwa chake, kunena kuti chimbalangondo chokhala ndi nyama yosavulaza sichingakhale chinyengo chilichonse. Choopseza chenicheni ndi anthu otopa. Choyamba, awa ndi nyama zakale zomwe zalephera kusaka bwino zakudya zawo, komanso ana, omwe sanakhalebe ndi luso losaka bwino. Akazi kuteteza ana awo amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polowera chimatha kukhalanso chamwano chikakumana ndi munthu mosayembekezereka kapena ngati chikutsatiridwa.

Chifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo cha polar "choyera"

Kholo lililonse posachedwa limva funso kuchokera kwa "mwana" wake. Kapena mphunzitsi wa biology kusukulu. Zonse ndi za kupaka tsitsi la chirombo ichi. Iye kulibe. Tsitsi lenilenilo ndizowoneka momasuka.

Amawonetsa bwino dzuwa, kukulitsa mtundu woyera. Koma izi sizinthu zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ubweya wa owonera polar. M'chilimwe, limasanduka chikasu padzuwa. Itha kukhala wobiriwira kuchokera kumtundu waung'ono womwe umatsekera pakati pa villi. Chovalacho chimatha kukhala chamtundu wamtambo, chofiirira kapena chamtundu wina kutengera nyengo ya chimbalangondo.

Ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala ngati kristalo, yoyera. Ichi ndi gawo lodzilekanitsa la chilombo komanso chobisika kwambiri. Mwambiri, utoto wa chovalacho unasinthika pakapita nthawi, ndikusintha malinga ndi moyo.

Mwa zina, khungu la chilombo limakhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino yolimbikitsa kutentha. Amavomereza ndipo salola kutentha.Ndipo ngati chimbalangondo chimanyamula ubweya, "kumbuyo", ndiye kuti sichowonekera kumaso wamaliseche, komanso ku tekinoloje, mwachitsanzo, opanga ojambula.

Kodi chimbalangondochi chimakhala kuti?

Chimbalangondo cha polarchi chimangokhala kumadera a polar a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti nyamayi imakhala kulikonse komwe kulibe chipale chofewa cha Arctic. Zimbalangondo zambiri sizidutsa mopitilira 88 kumpoto chakumadzulo, pomwe gawo logawika kwambiri kumwera ndi chilumba cha Newfoundland, omwe okhala ochepa amaika miyoyo yawo tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyesera kuti agwirizane ndi nyama yomwe imawopsa.

Anthu okhala ku Arctic ndi tundra madera a Russia, Greenland, USA ndi Canada amadziwanso bwino chimbalangondo choyera. Nyama zambiri zimakhala m'malo okhala ndi madzi oundana, osakhalitsa, momwe zimakhalira zambiri zotsekera pansi. Nthawi zambiri, chimbalangondo chimatha kuwoneka pafupi ndi chitsamba chachikulu, pamphepete pomwe chimawombera ndikuyembekeza chidindo kapena ubweya chosindikizira kuchokera pansi.

Ndizosatheka kudziwa malo enieni kumene kanyama kamene amakhala. Zochuluka kwambiri za nyama izi zidatchedwa ndi tsango lawo lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, olusa ambiri amakonda:

m'mphepete chakum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Kara ndi East Siberian, madzi ozizira a Nyanja ya Laptev, zilumba za Novosibirsk ndi zisumbu za Novaya Zemlya (kuchuluka kwa anthu a Laptev), gombe la Barents, gawo lakumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Kara, dera la Novaya Zemlya, Frans Joseph ndi Svalbard land (Pacific-Barents land , Nyanja ya Chukchi, kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Bering, kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Yaku Siberiya, Wrangel ndi Herald Islands (anthu a Chukchi-Alaskan).

Mwachindunji ku Arctic, zimbalangondo zoyera ndizosowa, zimakonda nyanja zakummwera komanso zotentha, komwe zimakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Malo omwe amakhala ndi osakanikirana ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi malire a ayezi waku polar. Ngati chilimwe cha Arctic chikokokedwa, ndipo ayeziyo atayamba kusungunuka, ndiye kuti nyamazo zimayandikira mtandawo. Nyengo yachisanu ikayamba, amabwerera kumwera, amakonda magombe okhala pansi ndi nyanja.

Kufotokozera kwa Polar Bear

Zimbalangondo zomwe zimatchulidwa pansipa ndi zolengedwa zazikulu kwambiri zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Amakhala ndi mwayi wofanana ndi kholo lawo lakutali, lomwe linatha zaka masauzande zapitazo. Chimbalangondo chachikulu cha polar chinali chotalika pafupifupi mikono 4, kulemera pafupifupi matani 1.2.

Chimbalangondo cha polar chamakono, chonsecho komanso kukula kwake, ndichoperewera kwa icho. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa chimbalangondo choyera sikokwanira kupitirira 3 mita ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 1 toni. Kulemera kwamphongo kwamtundu wa amuna sikudutsa kilogalamu 500, zazikazi zimalemera kilogalamu 200-350. Kukula kwa nyama yachikulire pakufota kumangokhala mamita 1,2-1,5, pomwe chimbalangondo chachikulucho chimafikira kutalika kwa 2-2,5 metres.

Ubweya, mawonekedwe a thunthu ndi mutu

Thupi lonse la chimbalangondo choyera limakutidwa ndi ubweya, lomwe limateteza ku chisanu champhamvu ndipo limakupatsani mwayi kuti muzimva bwino ngakhale mumadzi oundana. Mapiritsi a mphuno ndi paw paw okha ndi omwe amakanidwa chophimba cha ubweya. Mtundu wa chovala cha ubweya ukhoza kukhala woyera, wachikasu komanso wobiriwira.

Kuwala kwa ubweya kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwunikira kosalekeza kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet, komwe kumapatsa mphamvu yotentha komanso kupewa kuti chisazizidwe. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yobiriwira ndi mtundu wa microscopic ala omwe amamera mkati mwa tsitsi.

M'malo mwake, tsitsi la nyama limaletsedwa kutulutsa khungu, ndilopanda maonekedwe, tsitsilo limakhala lopanda, lakuthwa, louma, lomwe limakhala patali kwambiri. Pali undercoat yopangidwa bwino pansi pake yomwe khungu lakuda lomwe limakhala ndi masentimita 10 amafuta limapezeka.

Mtundu wa chovala choyera ndi choyenera kubisa nyama. Sizivuta kuti ngakhale msaki waluso kudziwa chimbalangondo chobisika, koma zisindikizo ndi maulalo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi chinyengo komanso nkhanza zankhanzazi.

Kapangidwe ka thupi, mutu ndi miyendo

Mosiyana ndi chimbalangondo chowoneka bwino, khosi la chimbudzi ndilolowera, mutu wake ndi lathyathyathya, mbali yake yakumaso ndi yayitali, makutu ake ndi ang'ono, ozungulira.

Nyama izi ndizosambira zaluso, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa chifukwa cha kupezeka pakati pa zala zakumaso ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi komwe chimbalangondo chimakhala nthawi yayitali chaka. Panthawi yosambira, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa chimbalangondo cha polar, chifukwa cha zimagwira, zimatha kugwiranso ntchito ngakhale nyama yothamanga kwambiri.

Miyendo ya mdani ndi mzati, kutha ndi miyendo yamphamvu. Tsitsi lamapazi limakutidwa ndi ubweya, lomwe limatiteteza ku chisanu ndi kuzizira. Mbali zakutsogolo za paws zimakutidwa ndi zitsamba zolimba, pomwe zibowo zakuthwa zimabisidwa, kulola kusunga nyama kwa nthawi yayitali. Atagwira nyama ndi zibwano zake, nyama yolusa imagwiritsa ntchito mano ake. Nsagwada zake ndi zamphamvu, zinsalu ndi ma fangala zimapangidwa bwino. Chinyama chathanzi chimakhala ndi mano okwana 42, osatulutsa nkhope.

Oimira onse amtunduwu ali ndi mchira; chimbalangondo cha polar sichimasiyananso ndi izi. Mchira wake ndi wocheperako, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 13, amataika motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa tsitsi lalitali lakumbuyo chakumbuyo.

Kupirira

Chimbalangondo cha polar ndi nyama yolimba kwambiri, ngakhale kuoneka kuti siikuwoneka bwino, imatha kuthana ndi makilomita 5.6 pa ola limodzi pamtunda mpaka mpaka ma kilomita 7 pa ola limodzi ndi madzi. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa nyama yolusa ndi makilomita 40 pa ola limodzi.

Zimbalangondo zam'mapiri zimamva ndikuwona bwino, ndipo kununkhira kwabwino kumakupatsani mwayi wofungolera nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi kuchokera pamenepo. Nyama imatha kudziwa chisindikizo chobisalira pansi pamitambo yayitali, kapena kubisala pansi pa chitsamba chowawa, ngakhale itakhala pakuya kupitirira mita imodzi.

Kodi chimbalangondo cha polar chimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Zosadabwitsa kuti, ali mu ukapolo, zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala motalika kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Kutalika kwa zaka zomwe munthu amakhala pamenepa sikupitirira zaka 20-30, pomwe wokhala kumalo osungira nyama amatha kukhala ndi zaka zopitilira 45-50. Izi ndichifukwa chakusowa kwa chakudya, kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana pachaka komanso kuthamangitsidwa ndi adani.

Ku Russia, kusaka chimbalangondo cha polar ndikoletsedwa, koma m'maiko ena pali zoletsa zochepa pa izi, kulola kupha anthu osapitilira mazana angapo pachaka. Nthawi zambiri, kusaka koteroko sikungagwirizane ndi zosowa zenizeni za nyama ndi zikopa, chifukwa chake ndichowoneka bwino kuti chilombo chabwino komanso champhamvu ichi.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chimbalangondo cha polar chimawoneka ngati chilombo chankhanza chomwe chimazunza ngakhale anthu. Nyama imakonda kukhala payokha, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhalira pamodzi pakukhazikika. Nthawi yonseyi, zimbalangondo zimangoyenda zokha mdera lawo zomwe zigonjetsedwa ndi abale awo, ndipo izi sizingagwire ntchito kwa amuna okhaokha, komanso kwa akazi omwe ali ndi ana obadwa kumene.

Kubala zimbalangondo, kusamalira ana

Poyerekeza wina ndi mnzake, zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala mwamtendere, kumenyanirana kambiri kumachitika pakati pa amuna nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, si nyama zazikulu zokha zomwe zimatha kuvutika, komanso ma cubs omwe amalepheretsa mkazi kutenga nawo mbali pamasewera akukhwima.

Nyamazo zimakhwima pofika zaka 4 kapena 8, pomwe zazikazi zimakonzekera kubereka zaka 1-2 m'mbuyomu kuposa zazimuna.

Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Mkazi m'modzi amathamangitsidwa ndi amuna 7. Kubala kumatenga masiku osachepera 250, omwe akufanana ndi miyezi 8. Mimba imayamba ndi gawo lolowera, lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kukhazikika kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa osati ndi thupi la nyama, komanso momwe malo ake amakhalira. Yaikazi imayenera kukonzekera chitukuko cha fetal ndi hibernation yayitali. Kumapeto kwa Okutobala, amayamba kupangira khola lake, ndipo pazifukwa izi nthawi zina amapambana ma kilomita mazana. Akazi ambiri amakumba nyumba zogona pafupi ndi nyumba zomwe zilipo kale. Chifukwa chake, pamafupa a Wrangel ndi Franz Josef, pali ma dens osachepera 150.

Kukula kwa mluza kumayamba pakati pa Novembala, pomwe wamkazi wagona kale.Kutentha kwake kumatha mu Epulo ndipo pafupifupi nthawi imodzimodzi, ana 1-3 amaonekera m'khomalo, kuyambira kulemera 450 mpaka 700 gramu iliyonse. Kupatulako ndiko kubadwa kwa ana a 4. Ana amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wochepa thupi, womwe sunautchinjiriza ku kuzizira, chifukwa chake mu masabata oyambilira a moyo wawo wamkazi satuluka m'khola, kuchirikiza kukhalapo kwake chifukwa cha mafuta ochuluka.

Ana obadwa kumene amadya mkaka wa m'mawere okha. Samatsegula maso awo nthawi yomweyo, koma patatha mwezi umodzi atabadwa. Makanda a miyezi isanu ndi iwiri amayamba kukwawa, kuti akafika miyezi itatu amangochisiya. Nthawi yomweyo, amapitilizabe kudya mkaka ndipo amayandikana ndi wamkazi mpaka atafika zaka 1.5. Ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda thandizo, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amasanduka nyama zazikulu zomwe amadya. Imfa pakati pa zimbalangondo zosakwana zaka zakubadwa 1 zatsala 10-30%.

Mimba yatsopano mwa mkazi imachitika pokhapokha ngati mwana wamwalirayo atafa, kapena kuti atakula, ndiye kuti palibe nthawi yoposa 1 mu zaka 2-3. Pafupifupi, mwana wosaposa 15 amabadwa kuchokera kwa mayi m'moyo wake wonse, theka limamwalira.

Kodi chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polala chimadya chiyani?

Chimbalangondo cholowacho chimangodya nyama ndi nsomba zokha. Omwe akukumana nawo ndi zisindikizo, zisindikizo zamkombero, hareti yamadzi, walrus, whale belhale ndi narwhals. Atagwira nyama ndikupha nyama, nyama yomwe imadya imadyanso khungu lake ndi mafuta. Gawo la mtembo ndi lomwe zimbalangondo zimadya nthawi zambiri. Amakonda kusadya nyama yatsopano, kupatula nthawi yamantha yomwe ikumatha. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zoterezi ndizofunikira kuti pakhale vitamini A m'chiwindi, chomwe chimathandiza kupulumuka nyengo yozizira popanda zotsatira. Zomwe chimbalangondo chosayenda sichidadya, akatunduwo amamutsata - nkhandwe ndi mimbulu.

Kuti zitheke, nyama yolusa imafunikira pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 7 a chakudya. Chimbalangondo chanjala chimatha kudya ma kilogalamu 19 kapena kupitilira. Ngati nyama yatha, ndipo ilibenso mphamvu yoti ingawalondole, nyamayo imadya nsomba, zovunda, mazira a mbalame ndi anapiye. Nthawi ngati imeneyi, chimbalangondo chimakhala chowopsa kwa anthu. Amayendayenda kunja kwa midzi, akudya zinyalala ndikutsata omwe akuyenda. M'zaka zanjala, zimbalangondo sizimanyansanso algae ndi udzu. Nyengo yotalika nthawi yayitali imagwa nthawi ya chilimwe, pomwe chisanu chimasungunuka ndikuchokera pansi. Pakadali pano, zimbalangondo zimakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta awo omwe amasungidwa, nthawi zina kumakhala ndi njala kwa miyezi yopitilira 4 mzere. Funso la zomwe chimbalangondo chomwe chimadya chimadya nthawi imeneyi chimakhala chosagwira ntchito, chifukwa nyamayo ndi yokonzeka kudya zonse zomwe zimayenda.

Kusaka

Chimbalangondo chimathamangitsa nyama kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina chimayima kwa maola ambiri pafupi ndi dzenjelo poyembekezera chidindo chomwe chimatulukira kuti ipume. Mutu wa wovutikayo ukangokhala pamwamba pamadzi, wolumirayo amadzigwetsa pansi. Nyama yododometsa, imagwiritsika m'manja mwake ndikukoka kumtunda. Kuti achulukitse mwayi wake wogwira, chimbalangondo chimakulitsa malire a chowawa ndipo pafupifupi chimamiza mutu wake m'madzi kuti chitha kuwoneka ngati nyama.

Zisindikizo sizingakhale nthawi yayitali m'madzi, nthawi zina zimafunika kupuma, zomwe ndi zimbalangondo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito. Tazindikira chisindikizo choyenera, chimbalangondo chimasambira ndi kutembenuka pamwamba pa madzi oundana. Tsoka la chisindikizo ndi lingaliro lakutsogolo. Ngati walrus adalanda chimbalangondo, ndiye kuti zonse sizophweka. Ma Walruse ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu mwanjira ya ma fangs akutsogolo, omwe amatha kubaya mosavuta wosewera wopanda chidwi. Walrus wachikulire amathanso kukhala wamphamvu kuposa chimbalangondo, makamaka ngati ali mwana ndipo alibe nzeru zokwanira mu nkhondo zotere.

Ndi malingaliro awa, zimbalangondo zimangogunda okhawo ofooka, kapena achichepere achichepere, kumangochita kumtunda. Nyamayo imayang'aniridwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chimbalangondo chimayenda mtunda wautali kwambiri, pambuyo pake chimadumphira ndikutsamira kwa wozunzayo ndi kulemera kwake konse.

Ndani chimbalangondo cha polar chimamuopa ndani?

Mu malo achilengedwe, chimbalangondo ali ndi chiwerengero kochepa adani. Ngati chiweto chavulala kapena kudwala, ndiye kuti ma walrus, anamgumi wopha, mimbulu, nkhandwe za arctic ndipo ngakhale agalu amatha kuzithana nawo. Chimbalangondo wathanzi ndi lalikulu kuposa aliyense wa ogwirira dzina lake ndi mosavuta kupirira ngakhale ndi adani ambiri omwe anaukira misa ambiri. Nyama odwala ndi kwambiri pa chiopsezo ndi zambiri wakonda kupewa nkhondo, kupumula mu m'dzenje.

Nthawi zina nyama ya mimbulu ndi agalu imakhala ana aang'ono, omwe amayi awo ankawasaka, kapena kuwayang'anira mosazindikira. The opha nyama amene ali ndi chidwi kupha nyama chifukwa cha kupeza chikopa wake wapamwamba ndi wambirimbiri nyama komanso kungasokoneze moyo chimbalangondo a.

Chibale

Zimbalangondo zimapezeka koyamba padziko lapansi zaka pafupifupi 5 miliyoni zapitazo. Chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira Komabe, olekanitsidwa makolo ake bulauni zosaposa 600 zikwi zapitazo, koma wamba bulauni chimbalangondo apitiriza kukhala wachibale wake wapafupi.

Onse chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira ndi chimbalangondo zofiirira ndi chibadwa ofanana Choncho, chifukwa cha Kuoloka, mwana yotheka kwathunthu analandira, amene kenako Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kubala nyama. Zimbalangondo zakuda ndi zoyera mwachilengedwe sizidzabadwa, koma achichepere adzalandira zabwino zonse za anthu onse.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, kumalo ozizira ndi zofiirira zimbalangondo moyo mu machitidwe osiyana zachilengedwe, zomwe bwanji mapangidwe angapo otchulidwa phenotypic nawo, komanso kusiyana zakudya, khalidwe ndi moyo. Pamaso pa kusiyana kwambiri zonsezi pamwambapa kunapangitsa kuti m'kagulu Brown chimbalangondo, kapena grizzly, ngati osiyana mitundu.

Chimbalangondo cha Polar ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira: Kufotokozera kofanizira

Onse kumalo ozizira ndi zofiirira zimbalangondo ndi zingapo zochititsa chosiyana akamanena za zomwe inali zotsatirazi:

Onsewo chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polala komanso chimbalangondo chofiirira ndizizilombo zowopsa, zomwe zimabweretsa mafunso ovomerezeka pokhudza ndani yemwe ali wamphamvu pankhondo, chimbalangondo kapena polimbira? Ndi kosatheka kupereka yankho lomveka ku funso lakuti ndani wamphamvu, kapena amene adzagonjetse chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira kapena zofiirira. Nyama zimenezi pafupifupi konse intersect. Ku malo osungira nyama, amakhala mwamtendere kwambiri.

Zosangalatsa za chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira

Pali nthano zambiri ndi nthano za chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira. Nthawi yomweyo, zina mwazomwe amachita machitidwe ake ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kotero kuti amayenera kuyang'aniridwa osati okonda nthano zokha, koma achinyamata osilira a nyama zamtchire. Pakali pano, zotsatirazi amadziwika za chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira:

The ogwirira waukulu zimapezeka mu Nyanja Barents, nyama zing'onozing'ono amakonda chilumba cha Svalbard ndi malo pafupi. Zithunzi zojambulidwa ndikuwala kwa ultraviolet, ubweya wa polar umawoneka wakuda. Njala zimbalangondo amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, kusunthira pamtunda osati kokha, komanso kusambira. Mu uwu, chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira ndi chimbalangondo bulauni ofanana.Nkhani ya kusambira chimbalangondo yopitilira masiku 9 idalembedwa. Munthawi imeneyi, mkaziyo adagona mtunda wopitilira makilomita 660 kunyanja ya Beaufort, ataya 22% ya unyinji wake ndi chimbira cha chaka chimodzi, koma adangokhala wamoyo ndipo adakwanitsa kupita kumtunda. Chimbalangondo cha polar sichimawopa munthu, nyama yolusa imatha kumugulitsa, ikathamangitsa masiku ambiri. Mumzinda wa Churchill, womwe uli m'chigawo cha Canada ku Manitoba, kuli malo apadera pomwe zimbalangondo zimayendayenda kwakanthawi. Kupezeka kwa malo osungirako nyama kwakanthawi kofunikira. Osawopa kukhalapo kwa anthu, nyama yolusa imatha kulowa m'nyumba ndikuwukira munthu. Pambuyo pachakudya chambiri komanso chopatsa thanzi, chimbalangondocho chikuchoka kumzindako chisakukwiyani kwambiri, zomwe zimamupatsa chiyembekezo choti abwerera. Malinga ndi a Eskimos, chimbalangondo chomwe chili ndi polar chili ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe. Mwamuna sangadzitchule yekha kufikira atakumana ndi iye. Chimbalangondo chachikulu cha polar ndicho kholo la chimbalangondo chamakono. Mu 1962, chimbalangondo cholemera makilogalamu 1,002 chidawomberedwa ku Alaska. Chimbalangondo ndi nyama yamwazi wofunda. Kutentha kwa thupi lake kumafika madigiri 31 Celsius, ndichifukwa chake sizophweka kwa wolusa kusuntha mwachangu. Kuthamanga nthawi yayitali kumatha kubweretsa kutentha kwa thupi. Ana amadziwitsidwa ndi chithunzi cha chimbalangondo cha polar kudzera m'matuni amtundu monga Umka, Elka, ndi Bernard. Pa Zimbalangondo zonse zomwe mumakonda mu Maswiti akumpoto palinso chithunzi cha chimbalangondo. Tsiku lovomerezeka la chimbalangondo cha polar ndi February 27th. Chimbalangondo cha polar ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za Alaska.

Zimbalangondo za polar zimawonedwa ngati zopanda chonde, chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kubwezeretsedwa pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Malinga ndi cheke chomwe chidachitika mchaka cha 2013, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo ku Russia sikudaposa anthu 7,000 (anthu 20-25 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi).

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chiletso chakuchotsa nyama ndi zikopa za nyamazi chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1957, chifukwa chakufafaniza kwathunthu komweko okhala m'deralo komanso ozembetsa. Zimbalangondo za Polar, zomwe malo awo amasokonezedwa, zimalowa m'manja mwa anthu.

Chifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo cha polar chimalembedwa mu Red Book

Chidyamakoko chimakhala ndi tsitsi lokongola komanso ili ndi nyama yambiri. Awa ndi malingaliro okwiya komanso osavutikira aazitape omwe adawombera chilombo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa anthu kunathandizira kutentha kwanyengo ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Malinga ndi asayansi, dera lophimba ayezi lidachepetsedwa ndi 25%, madzi oundana akusungunuka mwachangu.

Dera la m'madzi limadetsedwa ndi zinthu zovulaza komanso zinyalala. Ndipo chimbalangondo chathu chimakhala ndi chaka choposa chaka chimodzi, chimadziwika kuti chimakhala nyama yolusa kwa nthawi yayitali. Munthawi imeneyi, amadzaza poizoni wambiri ndi anthropogens m'thupi lake. Izi zidachepetsa kwambiri mwayi woti kubereka.

Tsopano padziko lapansi pali kuchokera 22 mpaka 31,000 a nyama yabwino awa. Ndipo malinga ndi kulosera, podzafika 2050 chiwerengerocho chitha kuchepa ndi 30% ina. Pambuyo pa chidziwitsochi palibe mafunso chifukwa chimbalangondo cha polar adalowetsedwa mu Red Book.Kubweretsa zimbalangondo polar ku Arctic yaku Russia zaletsedwa kuyambira 1956.

Mu 1973, mayiko a ku Arctic basin adasaina mgwirizano pakusunga chimbalangondo. Dziko lathu limateteza nyama zodya ziwopsezozi ngati zachilengedwe zomwe zikuwopsezedwa kuchokera ku Mndandanda wa International Union for Conservation of Natural (International Red Book) komanso kuchokera ku Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Kodi maloto a chimbalangondo ndi chiyani

Zingakhale zachilendo ngati pankhani ya chimbalangondo choyera, sitinagwirizane ndi kufunikira kwake m'maloto athu. Ayi konse. Pafupifupi mabuku onse amaloto odziwika bwino, munthu amatha kuwerenga zomwe loto lamaloto limalota. Ena amawona mawonekedwe ake m'maloto kukhala abwino komanso olonjeza zabwino, ena amalangiza kukonzekera zovuta pambuyo pake.

Mwachitsanzo, buku lamaloto la Miller likuti chimbalangondo chomwe chili mumaloto chimakhala ndi chisankho chachikulu cha moyo. Ngati chimbalangondo chikuukira m'maloto, chenjerani ndi adani m'moyo. Chimbalangondo choyandama pamadzi oundana chimakuchenjezani zachinyengo.

Ndipo kuwona chimbalangondo chikudya chidindo kumatanthauza kuti muyenera kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa. Ngati mukukhazikika pakhungu la chimbalangondo - mutha kuthana ndi mavuto zenizeni. Onani chimbalangondo cha polar - zikutanthauza kuti posachedwa amayembekeza ukwati ndi phindu lachuma.

Malinga ndi Freud, kusaka chimbalangondo cha polar kumaloto kumatanthauza kuti muyenera kuchepetsa kukwiya komanso kufunafuna kosafunikira pamoyo wanu. Ndipo malinga ndi Aesop, wolosera uja amalota zonse zabwino komanso mwankhanza. Simungathe kulimbana naye m'maloto, apo ayi simungalephere. Komabe, ngati mukuyerekeza kuti wamwalira mukakumana naye, ndiye kuti mutha kutuluka mosavuta m'mavuto osasangalatsa.

Kugona chimbalangondo zikutanthauza kuti mavuto anu angakusiyeni nokha kwakanthawi kochepa. Mulimonsemo, zimakhala bwino kwambiri ngati chimbalangondo chathu chikulota ndi munthu amene amaganiza za tsogolo lake labwino ndipo zitha kumuthandiza kuti apulumuke.

Chimbalangondo cha polar: Kufotokozera

Nyama iyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri m'gulu lawo, popeza akuluakulu amatha kukula mpaka 3 metres, pomwe kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 1 tani. Kukula kwakukulu kwa nyama yolusa ili mkati mwa mamita 2,5, ndi kulemera kwakukulu pafupifupi 800 kg. Kutalika kwa kufota kwa akuluakulu kumafika pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka.

Zachikazi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso kulemera kwake; kulemera kwawo sikumafikira 250 kilogalamu. Zimbalangondo zazing'ono kwambiri zimapezeka pachilumba cha Svalbard, ndipo zimbalangondo zazikulu kwambiri ndizopezeka munyanja ya Bering.

Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Ndikosavuta kusokoneza chimbalangondo cha polar ndi nyama iliyonse, chifukwa zimakhala ndi zosiyana: ubweya woyera woyera, khosi lalitali (lotalika) komanso mutu wosalala. Mtundu wa chovalachi, kutengera nthawi ya chaka, umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi woyera mpaka utoto wachikasu. Monga lamulo, ubweya umasanduka wachikaso chifukwa cha chilimwe chifukwa chodziwunikira ndi dzuwa.

Tsitsi la ma polar silikhala ndi utoto wopaka utoto, ndipo tsitsi lenilenilo silikhala ndi mawonekedwe. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtundu wamtunduwu, amatha kumangoyatsira kuwala kwa ultraviolet, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwakukulu pamakhalidwe a chinyama. Pazotupa zamiyendo, ubweya umakulanso, womwe umalola kuti chimbalangondo chizitha kuyenda molimba mtima madzi oundana. Zilimba zimapezeka pakati pa zala, chifukwa chomwe chimbalangondochi chimamva bwino m'madzi. Zovala za nyama yolusa ndizazikulu komanso zamphamvu, motero chimbalangondochi chimatha kuthana ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri.

Njira zoberekera

Chilengedwe chinapereka mwezi wathunthu wa nthawi yakuberekera zimbalangondo. Njira zowetera zimayamba penapake pakati pa Marichi. Munthawi imeneyi, mutha kuwona kuti palibe abambo amodzi, koma nyama zomwe zimagawidwa pawiri, ngakhale pali zochitika zina zomwe amuna ambiri pafupi ndi achikazi. Nthawi yakukhwima imatha pafupifupi milungu ingapo.

Mimba ya chimbalangondo

Mzimayi wanyentchu amakhala ndi mwana kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu. M'magawo oyamba a kubereka, mkazi yemwe ali ndi umuna sangakhale wosiyanitsidwa ndi wosabereka, koma miyezi iwiri asanabadwe, mkazi wophatikiza amakhala wosakwiya, wosagwira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pamimba pake. Panthawi imeneyi, mkaziyo amasiya kudya. Monga lamulo, ana awiri amabadwa, koma mwa akazi oyambira, monga lamulo, mwana wamwamuna mmodzi amabadwa. Chimbalangondo chokhala ndi pakati chimakhala nthawi yonse yozizira mdzenje, chomwe chili kufupi ndi gombe la nyanja momwe zingathere.

Maonekedwe a ana

Pambuyo pobadwa, ana samatha kudzipsereza, chifukwa chake chimbalangondo chimagundidwa. Ana ake ali pakati pa miyendo yake ndi mawere, pomwe iye amawotha nawonso ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Ana obadwa kumene samakhala osaposa kilogalamu, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 25 cm.

Monga lamulo, makanda obadwa kumene amakhala akhungu ndipo pakatha mwezi ndi theka amayamba kuwona. Pafupifupi pa mwezi umodzi, chimbalangondo chimadyetsa ana ake m'malo okhala. M'mwezi wa Marichi, azimayi ambiri amachoka kwawo.Munthawi imodzimodziyo, ana nthawi zina amawonekera kuchokera kuchapira kuti ayende ndi amayi awo masana. Usiku, abwereranso kukachisala. Zitsamba zimasewera ndikusambira chisanu.

Chochititsa chidwi! Monga lamulo, mpaka 30 peresenti ya ana akhanda ndi mpaka 15 peresenti ya achinyamata, osakhwima amafa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo.

Adani achilengedwe

Chidani chachikulu chotere ngati chimbalangondo chomwe chili ndi polar sichimakhala ndi adani achilengedwe, ngakhale kuti chinsomba chakuwombera ndi shaki ya polar chimakhala choopsa. Nthawi zambiri achikulire amafa chifukwa chovulala chifukwa champhamvu pakati pawo kapena pakusaka ma walruse akuluakulu, omwe amatha kubaya thupi la chimbalangondo ndi ma fangs awo. Osatinso kawiri konse, zimbalangondo za polar zimafa ndi njala.

Munthuyu amadziwika kuti ndi mdani woopsa kwambiri wa zimbalangondo za polar, makamaka popeza mayiko akumpoto monga Eskimos, Chukchi, Nenets kwa zaka zambiri asaka chilombochi ndikupitilizabe mpaka pano. Ntchito zachuma za anthu zimavulazanso zimbalangondo. Nyengo imodzi, asaka anawononga zimbalangondo pafupifupi zana limodzi. Zoposa theka la zaka zapitazo, kufunafuna chimbalangondo cha polar kunali koletsedwa, ndipo mu 1965 adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zikuwopsezedwa.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Pali milandu yodziwika yokhudza kubedwa kwa nyama yolusa iyi pa munthu, ngakhale munthu amene akulowetsedwayu nyama zomwe akuyenera kuyimba mlandu pa chilichonse. Monga lamulo, izi zimatchulidwa mu zolemba kapena malipoti, ngati mungathe kuzitcha izo, zaulendo woyendayenda. Chifukwa chake, m'malo momwe mdani uyu angawonere, muyenera kusunthira mosamala kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti zitsimikizike kuti momwe malo okhala anthu amapangidwira zomwe sizikopa nyama yanjala.

Pomaliza

Chimbalangondo cha polar sichimangotengedwa ngati chilombo chachikulu kwambiri, komanso nyama yokongola, yabwino. Malinga ndi asayansi, masiku ano padziko lapansi pali nyama zopitilira 30,000, koma izi zikugwirizana ndi kulosera kwabwino kwambiri. Podzafika mu 2050, kuchuluka kwa nyamazo kumachepetsedwa ndi wachitatu. Chiwerengero cha ziweto zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi:

• Chiwonetsero. Ngakhale ziletso zomwe zilipo komanso njira zingapo zodzitetezera, zachiwawa zikugwira ntchito yake yonyansa. Ndipo zonse chifukwa choti mitengo ya zikopa za zimbudzi (makamaka pamsika wakuda) ndizabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ozembetsa ena samayimitsidwa ndi njira ndi malamulo omwe akufuna kuti nyama yathu izisungidwa.
• Kusintha kwanyengo. Malinga ndi asayansi potengera kafukufukuyu, madzi oundana a Arctic akusungunuka kwambiri tsiku lililonse. Malinga ndi asayansi aku America, m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi, dera la Arctic ayezi, lomwe ndi malo okhala zimbalangondo zozizira pang'ono, litha kuchepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 40 peresenti. Amakhulupirira kuti pakadali pano chiwerengerochi ndi 25 peresenti, ngakhale asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti awa ndi anthu opanda chiyembekezo.
• Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Izi zimapangidwanso padziko lonse lapansi komanso zimafalikira kunyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kuipitsa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ma radionuclides, mafuta opangira mafuta, kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo zolemera, mafuta ndi mafuta, mafuta ndi zina zambiri. Mwanjira ina, kuipitsa malo ozungulira Arctic kumalumikizidwa ndi moyo wa munthu. Ngati mukuwona kuti chimbalangondo cha polar chimakhala nyama yolusa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti thupi lake limakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zakupha zaka zapitazo.

Ngati mungayang'anire, izi zikuwonekeratu: munthu amalowerera mosaganizira chilengedwe, ndikuyambitsa zoipa, zomwe nyama zamtunduwu zimavutika. Pazifukwa zina, munthu saganiza kuti ndi wotsatira pamzere. Mopanda kupha chilengedwe, amadzipha.

Chiyambi cha mitundu

Poyamba, zimaganiziridwa kuti chimbalangondo cha polar chimasiyana ndi chofiirira zaka pafupifupi 45-150 zapitazo, mwina ali mdera la Ireland yamakono. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa adawonetsa kuti chimbalangondo cha polar chosiyana ndi kholo lawo wamba ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira 338-934 zaka chikwi zapitazo (pafupifupi zaka 600,000 zapitazo), ndi zaka 100-120 zapitazo chifukwa chobereketsa mitundu, zidasinthana, zomwe zidachititsa kuti zimbalangondo zamakono zonse ndi mbadwa za izi.

Kulumikizana kwa zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar komanso zofiirira kudachitika nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chomwe 2% (mwa anthu ena, kuyambira 5 mpaka 10%) ya zimbalangondo zokhala ndi polar zimapezeka mwa zimbalangondo zofiirira. Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar komanso zofiirira zimabereka ana ochulukirapo, kotero kuti ndi ofanana. Komabe, sangakhale ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali pazolankhula zachilengedwe;

Mawonekedwe

Chimbalangondo cha polar ndikuyimira wamkulu wa banja la chimbalangondo ndi dongosolo lakale. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 3 m, kulemera mpaka 1 1. Nthawi zambiri amuna amalemera 450-500 kg, kutalika kwa thupi 200-250 cm. Akazi ndi ocheperako (200-300 kg, 160-250 cm). Kutalika kufota 130-150 cm. Zimbalangondo zazing'ono kwambiri zimapezeka ku Svalbard, yayikulu kwambiri - ku Bering Sea.

Chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polar chimasiyanitsidwa ndi zimbalangondo zina ndi khosi lalitali komanso mutu wosalala. Khungu lake ndi lakuda. Mtundu wa chovala cha ubweya umakhala wachizungu mpaka wachikasu, nthawi yotentha ubweya umatha kusanduka wachikaso chifukwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawonekera nthawi zonse. Tsitsi la chimbalangondo ndilopanda khungu, ndipo tsitsilo limakhala lopanda tanthauzo. Tsitsi la Translucent limangotulutsa ma radiation a ultraviolet okha, kupatsa ubweya zomwe zimathandizira kutentha. Mukujambula zithunzi za ultraviolet, chimbalangondo cha polar chimawoneka chakuda. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka tsitsi, chimbalangondo cha polar nthawi zina chimatha "kusintha kubiriwira". Izi zimachitika nyengo yotentha (mu malo osungira nyama), pomwe ma microscopic algae amadzimiririka mkati mwa ubweya.

Tsitsi lakumapazi limakhala ndi ubweya kuti lisasunthike pamadzi oundana komanso kuti isazizire. Pakati pa zala pali kakulidwe kosambira, ndipo kutsogolo kwa matako kumakhala kokhala ndi mabatani olimba. Zovala zazikulu zimatha kubera ngakhale nyama yamphamvu.

Kufalitsa

Amakhala m'malo ozungulira kumpoto kwa Earth.

Zogawidwa circumpolarly, kumpoto - mpaka 88 ° C. w. , kumwera - kupita ku Newfoundland, kumtunda waukulu - m'chipululu cha Arctic kupita ku tundra zone. Ku Russian Federation, amakhala ku Chukotka Autonomous Region kugombe la Arctic, komanso m'madzi a Chukchi ndi Bering Seas. Chukchi polar chimbalangondo chimaonedwa kukhala chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Chimakhala pachimodzimodzi ndikuyenda pansi panyanja, pomwe imagwiritsa nyama yake yayikulu: zisindikizo zokhala ndi zingwe, kolimba panyanja, walrus ndi nyama zina zam'madzi. Amawagwira, akuwazungulira kuseri kwa zimbudzi, kapena pafupi ndi mabowo: nyama ikangotulutsa mutu m'madzi, chimbalangondo chimaponya nyama yake pachikhatho ndikuchikoka. Nthawi zina imagubuduza ayezi pansi pomwe zisindikizo zili pansi. Walrus amatha kumangoyendetsedwa pamtunda. Nthawi zina imafalikira ndi ma dolphin a beluga omwe asungidwa ndi ayezi mu ayezi. Choyamba, umatha khungu ndi mafuta, mtembo wotsalawo - pokhapokha ngati muli ndi njala yayikulu. Zotsalira za nyama zimadya nkhandwe. Nthawi zina, mumatenga zovunda, mandimu, nsomba zakufa, mazira ndi anapiye, zimatha kudya udzu ndi zamadzi zam'madzi, zimadya m'malo otaya zinyalala m'malo momwe mungakhalire. Milandu yobera anthu m'masitolo azakudya idatchuka. Kuchokera pachilala, chimbalangondo chopanda polandiracho chimalandira vitamini A wambiri, yemwe amadziunjikira m'chiwindi chake.

Zimasunthira kwakunyengo malinga ndi kusintha kwa pachaka kwa malire oundana: nyengo yotentha imayandikira pafupi ndi mtengowo, nthawi yozizira imasunthira kumwera, ndikulowera kudera lina. Ngakhale chimbalangondo cha polar chimasungidwa kwambiri pagombe ndi ayezi, nthawi yozizira imatha kukhala mugombe kumtunda kapena kuzilumba, nthawi zina makilomita 50 kuchokera kunyanja.

Akazi oyembekezera nthawi zambiri amagwera masiku 50-80 masiku. Amphongo achimuna ndi achilimwe amadzisungira kwa nthawi yochepa osati pachaka.

Ngakhale kuchedwa kukubwerera m'mbuyo, zimbalangondo za polar siziyenda mwachangu komanso pamtunda, ndipo zimasambira mosavuta ndikuyamba kulowa m'madzi. Chovala chakuda kwambiri, chofiyira chimateteza thupi la chimbalangondo kuti chisazizidwe komanso kunyowa m'madzi oundana. Udindo wofunikira wosinthika umaseweredwa ndi wosanjikiza wamphamvu wa mafuta onunkhira mpaka 10 cm. Mtundu woyera umathandiza kuteteza zilombozo. Mphamvu ya kununkhiza, kumva komanso kuwona bwino - chimbalangondo chimatha kuwona kuthyolako kwa ma kilometre angapo, chisindikizo chokhala ndi zingwe chimatha kununkhira kwa 800 m, ndipo, ndikakhala pamwamba pa chisa chake, chimamva kugwedeza pang'ono. Malinga ndi maumboni a Deputy Admiral A.F. Smelkov, chimbalangondo chosambira chomwe chathamangitsidwa ndi sitimayi chimatha kuthamanga mpaka mpaka mfundo 3,5 (pafupifupi 6.5 km / h). Kusambira kojambulidwa mojambulidwa kunali 685 km, idanyamulidwa kunyanja ya Beaufort ndi chimbalangondo, kusambira kuchokera ku Alaska kupita kumpoto kuti ikanyamule ayezi kuti asunge zisindikizo. M'masiku ake asanu ndi anayi akusambira, chimbalangondocho chidataya mwana wake wamwamuna wazaka chimodzi ndipo zidataya 20%. Kuyenda kwa nyamayo kumayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito beacon ya GPS yolumikizidwa nayo.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Zinyama zokhazokha. Monga lamulo, amakhala mwamtendere mogwirizana, koma zolimba zimachitika pakati pa achimuna panthawi yakukhwima [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1095 ]. Amuna akuluakulu amatha kuukira ana.

Mpikisano kuyambira March mpaka June. Amuna atatu nthawi zambiri amatsatira chachikazi mu estrus. Mu Okutobala, zazimayi zimakumba phanga mumphepete mwa chipale chofewa. Zimbalangondo zimakhala ndi malo omwe zimakonda komwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kwambiri tiana, mwachitsanzo, za. Wrangel kapena Franz Josef Land, komwe kuli milu ya 150-200 pachaka chilichonse. Zimbalangondo zimakhala mkati mwa Novembala, pamene gawo lomaliza la mimba limatha. Nthawi yonse yoyembekezera ndi masiku 230-250, ana amaoneka pakati kapena kumapeto kwa dzinja la Arctic. Yaikazi imakhalabe hibernation mpaka Epulo.

Zimbalangondo zam'madzi zokhala ndi kubereka sizitha kubereka nthawi yayitali: zazikazi zimayamba kubereka zokhala ndi zaka 4-8, zimabereka kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse komanso zimakhala ndi ma 1-3 ana mu litala, motero sizibwera ndi ana osaposa 10-15 pa moyo wake. Makanda obadwa kumene alibe thandizo, monga zimbalangondo zonse, ndipo amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 450 mpaka 750 g Patatha miyezi itatu, wamkazi amatuluka nawo ndikuyamba moyo wosochera. Ana ake amakhala naye mpaka zaka 1.5, nthawi yonseyi chimbalangondo chimawadyetsa mkaka. Kufa pakati pa ana akufikira 10-30%.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 25-30, ukapolo mbiri ya moyo wautali ndi zaka 45. Zimbalangondo zama polar zimatha kuphatikiza ndi zofiirira ndikupereka chonde (chitha kubereka ana) hybrids - ma polar grizzlies.

Mtengo wachuma

Anthu okhala ku Arctic, mwachitsanzo, Eskimos, amatenga chimbalangondo chifukwa cha khungu ndi nyama. Ku Russia, kusaka iye kuletsedwa kwathunthu kuyambira 1956, m'maiko ena (USA, Canada ndi Greenland) ndi ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama za mitengo yonyamula polar kudera lonse la Canada ku Nunavut zinali motere: 2000-2001 - 395, 2001-2002 - 408, 2002-2003 - 392, 2003-2004 - 398, 2004-2005 - 507 anthu .

Mkhalidwe Wopezekera ndi Chitetezo

Chimbalangondo cha polar chimalembedwa mu International Red Book komanso mu Red Book of Russia. Kuswana pang'onopang'ono komanso kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono kumapangitsa kuti nyama iyi ikhale pachiwopsezo mosavuta.

Kuyambira 1957, malinga ndi lamulo la Council of Ministers of RSFSR, kuletsa kupanga zimbalangondo kunayambitsidwa. Pachilumba cha Wrangel mu 1960, malo adapangidwa, napangidwanso mu 1976 kukhala Wrangel Island State Reserve.

Mu 2014, anthu (padziko lapansi) anali pafupifupi anthu 20,000-25,000.

Mu 2008, mothandizidwa ndi Boma la Russia, ntchito idayamba pamapulogalamu angapo okhudzana ndikuphunzira nyama zosowa komanso zofunika kwambiri ku Russia, kuphatikizapo pulogalamu ya Polar Bear. Kuyambira 2010, ntchitoyi yathandizidwa ndi Russian Geographical Society.

Ku Russia, kumakhala zimbalangondo zazitali ma 5,000, ndipo kuwombera kwapachaka komweko kumachokera kwa anthu 150 mpaka 200. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu ku Dixon, kuthamangitsidwa kwa chimbalangondo cha polar kumachepetsedwa pang'ono. M'nthawi ya Pleistocene, zaka pafupifupi 100,000 zapitazo, mitundu ikuluikulu ya chimbalangondo chachikulu chomwe chimakhala, chomwe chinali chachikulu kwambiri.

Mu 2013, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo ku Russia kunkakhala anthu pafupifupi 5-6,000. Pambuyo pa 2018, akukonzekera kuchita akaunti yonse ya zimbalangondo za polar ku Russia.

Kuukira anthu

Zovuta zakuwombera kwa ma polar kwa anthu ndizodziwika kuchokera zolemba ndi malipoti aomwe akuyenda. Chifukwa chake, omwe anali nawo paulendo wapa polar wa oyendetsa ndege achi Dutch, Willem Barents, panthawi yachisanu ku Novaya Zemlya mu Novembala 1596 - Meyi 1597, adakakamizidwa mobwerezabwereza kuti amenyane ndi zisoti za musket zomwe zikuwukira.

Kusunthira m'malo omwe kuli chiopsezo cha chimbalangondo, ndikofunikira mosamala. M'malo okhala oterowo pakhale zotaya zochepa monga momwe kungathekere ndi zinyalala za chakudya zomwe zimakopa zimbalangondo.

Mumzinda wa Churchill m'chigawo cha Canada ku Manitoba, komwe kumakhala zimbalangondo zambiri, kuli ndende ina yapadera yosungirako zimbalangondo kwakanthawi kofikira mzindawo ndikuwopseza nzika zake.

Pa chikhalidwe

Monga chilombo chachikulu komanso champhamvu, chomwe nthawi zina chimakhala chowopsa kwa anthu, zimbalangondo za polar zakhala zikulemekezedwa kwa anthu wamba pakati pa nzika zakumpoto. Mu ntchito za ukadaulo wa Chukchi - zaluso yosema pamafupa ndi ma walrus - imodzi mwa nkhani zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi masewera andewu a katswiri wa zigatyr umka.

Mu nthano ndi miyambo ya a Eskimos, chimbalangondo nanook Ndiwo kufanana kwa mphamvu zachilengedwe zoopsa, polimbana ndi momwe mlenje wamwamuna amakulira, kuyambika kwake kumachitika. Lingaliro la Eskimos lokhudza chimbalangondo cha polar linawonetsedwa mu nkhani ya wolemba waku America a Jack London, "The Legend of Kish."

M'nkhani ya Leah Geraskina "M'dziko la maphunziro osaphunzira," chimbalangondo cha polar chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Adataya North Pole chifukwa a Vitya Perestukin molakwika adatcha madera a nyengo. Kumapeto, Vitya atatchula mayina a nyengo, chimbalangondo chidabwerera ku North Pole.

Buku la nthano zopeka za sayansi la a Dan Simmons, Terror, lomwe lidasindikizidwa ku USA mu 2007, lomatizika ndi tsoka lakuthamangitsidwa kwaulere kwa a John Franklin (1845-1848), limafotokoza za nthano zopeka za Eskimo mokongola Tuunbak - chimbalangondo chachikulu cha cannibal chotalika mita 4 ndi kupitirira tani.

Manambala

• Chimbalangondo chachikulu chokulirapo pamadzi oundana oyandama chikuwonetsedwa kumbuyo kwa ndalama ya ku Canada m'mipingo ya $ 2. (ndalamayo yakhala ikutuluka kuyambira pa February 19, 1996 mpaka pano).
• Chithunzi cha chimbalangondo chachikulu cha polar pamadzi oyandama oyandama chinali pomwepo pa imodzi mwamagawo amakumbukidwe achindalama aku US omwe amaperekedwa ku boma la Alaska. Komabe, polojekitiyo yomwe ili ngati chithunzi cha munthu wogwidwa kwambiri ndi nsomba adayipeza (ndalamayo yakhala ikutuluka kuyambira pa Ogasiti 23, 2008 mpaka pano).
• Chithunzi cha chimbalangondo cha polar ndi chimbalangondo teddy chimapezeka pazandalama za ma euro 5 (ndalama zamkuwa ndi siliva). Ndalama mu 2014 zidaperekedwa ndi Austint Mint.

"Umka" ku Chukchi amatanthauza chimbalangondo, kapena, makamaka "chimbalangondo chachimuna chachikulire"

Cinema

• Umka (woyera teddy chimbalangondo) - mawonekedwe a makanema ojambula Umka, Umka akufuna mnzake, ndi Umka pa mtengo wa Khrisimasi. Amawonekanso m'makoponi "Elka ndi Star Postman" ndi "Elka", wokhala ngati mnzake komanso agogo a protagonist.
• Elka - chimbalangondo choyera cha teddy, mawonekedwe a makanema ojambula "Elka ndi Star Postman" ndi "Elka", mdzukulu wa Umka.
• Mtambo Woyera (chimbalangondo choyera) mu zojambula "Mi-mi-mi-bears." Koyambira ku North Pole. Wanzeru, wololera, amakonda zachilengedwe ndipo amasamalira chisamaliro chake.
• Polar Bear ndiye munthu wofunikira kwambiri mu 1998 Cartoon Cartoon Bear, kutengera buku la ana a Raymond Briggs la dzina lomweli.
• Mu katuni "M'dziko Lopanda Maphunziro" chimbalangondo chikuwoneka. Monga m'nkhaniyi, adataya North Pole. Koma ngati mu nkhani chimbalangondo chikuwonekera mobwerezabwereza, ndiye kuti mu katuniyo amawonekera kamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mu kathathu, chimbalangondo sichibwerera ku North Pole.
• Yorek Birnison - chimbalangondo chonyamula ma polar kuchokera ku kanema The Golden Compass, chojambulidwa zochokera ku Phil Pulman trilogy Mdima Woyambira.
• Bernard - chimbalangondo cha polar, mawonekedwe a mndandanda wazithunzi "Bernard".
• Choyera (Ice chimbalangondo) - mawonekedwe a mndandanda wazithunzi Choonadi chonse chokhudza zimbalangondo.