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wakudya njuchi (Pernis apivorus), mbalame yodya nyama yabanja la akoko. Kutalika. thupi pafupifupi masentimita 60, mapiko ngati masentimita 140. Mtundu wa maulu amasintha, makamaka mbalame zazing'ono, mwa akulu msana ndimtundu wonyezimira, mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi ndi yakuda ndi mivi owala. Miyendo ndi yolimba.

Zitsanzo zakugwiritsa ntchito liwu werep m'mabuku.

Ngati sizinali za kupuma pakati pa mzungu aliyense, zitha kukhala zolakwika kwa chiwombankhanga kafadala ndi kadzidzi, kutsanzira kunali kwangwiro.

Adawerama, akusekerera, ndikuyang'ana kafadala, panjenjemera, m'mapiko otukulidwa m'mwamba musanatsike, kuti agwe ndikugwegukanso, adachita mantha kuwona, kukhumba, kunyada, chipiriro komanso kusungulumwa.

Nkhuku iyi ndi imodzi mwa awiriawiri kafadalanesting in UK.

Zachidziwikire, ndikukumbukira kumva za kachilomboka, koma mulimonsemo sindingathe kuganiza kuti mbalameyi.

Zizindikiro zakunja za nyama yosira

Khungubwe yolumikizidwayo imakhala ndi masentimita 46. Mapiko ake amayambira 80 mpaka 105. Kulemera kumafika 260 - 448 g.

Crested Hawk kapena Baza Crested (Aviceda subcristata)

Utoto wa mutu, khosi ndi chifuwa chapamwamba ndi utoto wokongola wa imvi. Nape yofiyira yakuda kapena yakuda imvi. Nthenga kumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa mapikowo ndimaso amtambo. Nthenga zingapo zofiirira zimakhala pamapewa ndi pansi pa mapiko. Cifuwa pansipa ndi loyera, ndipo lili ndi mikwaso yopyapyala yakuda. Nthenga za mchira ndimaso amtambo, mchira wakewo ndi wotuwa. Iris ndi chikaso. Miyendo ndiyifupi, yopyapyala ndi zibwano zopangidwa. M'mphepete mwa mulomo ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya mano.

Mtundu wa ma phukusi amtundu wachichepere wosinthika silingafanane.

Adalimbana ndi Hawk Habitat

Mbawala yotumphukira imakhala m'malo otentha. Pazonse zomwe amagawa, mbalame yakudya imakhala m'nkhalango kapena m'nkhalango zotentha nthawi zonse.

Nyamayi yokhala ndi mbeuyo imatsatira m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi ndi malo owuma a nkhalango yowuma, ndipo m'malo otsetsereka a savannah mumawonekera pakati pa mitengo yomwe ikukula.

Imakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zoyambirira, m'malo opezeka kumapiri ndi kumapiri, m'nkhalango - m'mphepete mwa mtsinje komanso m'nkhalango zomwe masamba ambiri amakhala ndi chilala. Paliponse popewa malo otseguka komanso malo opanda mitengo kapena malo omwe akuwopsezedwa ndi kugwa. Nthawi zina imakhala pafupi ndi madzi, m'matawuni okhala ndi mitengo komanso m'mapaki ndi m'minda yozizira.

Khungubwe yokota imagwera pakati pamitengo, yopanda masamba, nthawi zambiri ikungoyenda nduwira. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka yekha, awiriawiri kapena m'magulu awiri, nthawi zina mpaka mbalame 20.

Mbawala yotumphukira imakhala m'malo otentha.

Kugawa Hawk

Crested Hawk ndi mitundu yamkuntho ku Australia. Imapezeka osati kumtunda waukulu, komanso ku New Guinea ndi zilumba zomwe zimalumikizana nazo, komanso kum'mawa kwa Zilumba za Sunda. Ku Australia, mbalame zamtunduwu zamtunduwu zimagawidwa mmbali mwa gombe lakumpoto ndi Derby, ku Kimberleys, kuzungulira Sydney.

Malo okhala ndi monga zilumba za Mollusk komanso kum'mawa kudzera ku Solomon Islands, zilumba za Papua ndi New Guinea kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Australia.

Komabe, khungubwe yophulikayo ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri m'malo omwe ndi ouma komanso otsetsereka kumadzulo.

Adalimbana ndi Hawk ndi Prey

Zomwe zimachitika munthu akavulala

Pa nthawi yakuswana, ziwopsezo sizimawonekera ndipo sizimawonetsa ndege zawo. Nthawi zina amayamba kutalika kwambiri, kumatsata mwambo.

Mbalame ndizovuta kuzizindikira, pokhapokha mbalame zodya nyama zikaunjikana kwambiri pafupi ndi gombe. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, amayendayenda pakati pa madera kumapiri komanso pakati pa mapiri. Pakati pa Marichi mpaka Seputembala, mutha kuwona magulu a mbalame zosamukira ndi anthu 30.

Agwape olanda amathamangitsa nyama makamaka pamiyala.

Iwo, monga lamulo, amagwira nyama yawo mu masamba kapena kunja kwa tchire, amalowerera mwachidwi mu masamba ndikuwongolera nthambi.

Mbawala zazingwe nthawi zina zimapachikidwa pamwamba panthambi za mitengo, kusonkhanitsa tizilombo. Njira yosaka iyi imafuna ulesi komanso luso lalikulu pakupanga zida pakati pa mitengo. Nthawi zina mbalame zimakhala kumapeto kwa nthambi pafupi kwambiri, mitu yawo imaponyedwa kumbuyo ndi mapiko awo osakhazikika. Pankhaniyi, akambuku owala amayang'ana masamba a tizilombo ndi mphutsi.

Nthawi yakuswana, ziwunda zomwe zimapezeka zimasoweka kwambiri ndipo sizimawonetsanso ndege zawo.

Crested Hawk Kuswana

Nthawi yakuberekera kwa achifwamba omwe amapezeka kale mu Okutobala ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Januware. Nyengo yadzala imadalira kwambiri nyengo nyengo, ndipo, kukakhala kouma, imachedwetsedwa mpaka theka kapena kumapeto kwa Januware.

Kuyamba kwa nyengo amadziwika ndi kukuwa kwa ndege ndi ndege zowoneka bwino za mbalame ziwiri. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amatha kuwonjezeka, ndikupanga ngati mafunde, kenako nkugwera pansi, kenako nkukwera pamwamba ndi mapiko olimba a mapiko. Nthawi zina zamphongo zimatsika paphiripo, ndikufotokozera pang'ono, kenako zimakwera pansi, ndikuzibwerezanso.

Nthawi zina, Baza wokhalapo amachita zojambula zam'mbuyo asanayambe mtundu. Mbalame yakudya nyama yomwe ikuuluka mwachindunji imatha kudumphira kumbuyo kwake ndikubwerera momwe idalili kale. Zochita zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa ndi kukuwa kofuula.

Chisa chake ndi chopepuka cha nthambi ndi nthambi zowuma, zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira mkati.

Mizere ya chisa ndi mainchesi 12 mpaka 15 mulifupi ndi mainchesi asanu ndi atatu, ndi thireyi mainchesi sikisi ndi mainchesi awiri kuya. Imakhala pamtengo waukulu pamtunda wa mamita 6 mpaka 35 pamtunda, nthawi zambiri pamtengo wamtali wamtali, wamtali. Nthawi zambiri mbalame ziwiri zimakonzera chisa pafupi ndi mseu kapena pafupi ndi mudzi.

Wamkazi amayala awiri - atatu, osowa mazira anayi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pamazira ake, koma amakwiya pomwe owononga amawoneka. Wamphongo umathandizira kukhazikika pansi. Nthawi yodzikundikira imatenga masiku 29, ndipo nthawi yonse yokhayo ndi masiku 32-35. Mbalame zonsezo zimadyetsa anapiye, mbalame imodzi yachikulire idatsala chisa, ndipo yachiwiri imabweretsa chakudya.

Adalimbana ndi Hawk Kuuluka Ndege

Mkhalidwe wosamala wa kankhuni wopulumutsidwa

Chopanga cholumikizidwa chimakhala ndi magawo ambiri ogawika, chifukwa chake sichimayandikira kufikira kovuta kwa mitundu yosatetezeka molingana ndi zazikulu. Koma pali zovuta zina zomwe zikuyambitsa nkhawa. Choyipa chachikulu ndizovuta zamipweya yazinthu zotsogola zomwe zimapangidwa m'matawuni omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito pophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsira ntchito mbewu zobzalidwa.

Kugawidwa kwa mitundu iyi ya mbalame zodyedwa kuzilumba ndi kumapeto kwa Australia, komanso kugawanika kwa nkhalango yopitilira, kunathandizira kuti pakhale malo oyenera kukhalamo kambibi wotumbidwa m'malo osapezekanso. Mawonedwe ake ndiye nkhawa pang'ono.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Hawk - kufotokoza, khalidwe. Kodi chiwamba chimawoneka bwanji?

Ponena za nyama zodya zilonda zotere, kukula kwa kambuku ndi kakang'ono - kakakulu kwambiri pakubamba - goshawk imakhala ndi kulemera kwa 1.5 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa mapiko sikupitilira 30 cm ndipo imafikira kukula mpaka 68 masentimita. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa mapiko a kambuku sikupitilira 26 cm, kulemera kwa kambowo ndi 120 g, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi 30 cm.

Pamutu pa kambuku nthawi zonse pamakhala maula. Mlomo wa khungubwi ndi waufupi, wowongoka, wolimba, ngati mbalame zodya nyama. Pansi pa mulomo pali sera, yomwe ndi chikopa chopanda khungu komwe kumakhala mphuno.

Maso a hawk nthawi zambiri amakhala achikasu kapena achikasu lalanje. Sichinsinsi kuti achifwamba ali ndi masomphenya okongola chimodzimodzi, omwe ali owoneka bwino kwambiri nthawi 8 kuposa athu. Maso a mbalameyi amatembenukira pang'ono, choncho akambuku amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a bino, amatha kuwona bwino chinthucho ndi maso onsewo. Ziphuphu sizinapangidwe pakumva, koma chithumwa sichitanthauza kuti zili ndi mphamvu.

Mtundu wa amphaka nthawi zambiri imakhala yotuwa, ya imvi, yofiirira kuchokera kumtunda, kuchokera pansi matupi awo ndi opepuka: oyera, achikasu, onenepa, koma mikwingwirima yakuda. Ngakhale pali mitundu yamtondo, monga kambuku wowala, wokhala ndi mitundu yowala. Zimachitikanso kuti zigamba zamtundu womwewo zitha kupakidwa utoto mosiyanasiyana.

Miyendo ya akambukuwa ndi achikasu achikuda, miyendo imenenso ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi mikondo yakuthwa yomwe imagwira ngati akambuku posaka.

Mapiko a hawk ndi afupia komanso osalala, ngakhale kuti mitunduyi imakhala m'malo opanda nkhalango (mwachitsanzo, makoko a nyimbo) ali ndi mapiko akulu. Kapangidwe ka mapiko awo kumafotokozeredwa ndi momwe mbawunda zimakhalira. Ndipo popeza amakhala m'nkhalangomo, chilichonse chimakonzedwa kuti chizitha kugwira bwino ntchito, kabowo amatha kuuluka mosadukiza kudzera m'nkhokwe zowuluka, amatembenuka mwachangu, mbali zonse zoyandikira komanso zokhotakhota, kuchoka mwamphamvu ndikuima mwachangu, khazikani mwachangu amaponyera. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kotere, chiwombankhanga nthawi zonse chimawagwiritsa ntchito mosayembekezera. Mapiko a kambukuwo akufika mpaka masentimita 125.

Ziphokoso zitha kupanga mamembala a ki-ki, mwina kukhala ngati njira yolankhulirana pakati pawo. Pakati pawo palinso akaphokoso apadera oyimba, omwe mawu ake amamveka kwambiri, ali ofanana ndi phokoso la chitoliro.

Komwe kuli mbala

Malo omwe amakhala ndi ochulukirapo, ali konsekonse kwa Europe. Amapezeka ku Africa, Australia, komanso ku America konse. Amakonda kukhazikika pamalo opanda mitengo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri samakwera kwambiri m'nkhalango, amakonda ma sparse, mapiri otseguka. Monga lamulo, achifwamba amakhala moyo wokhala mokhazikika, kupatula omwe akukhala madera akumpoto, atayamba kuzizira kwambiri, akuba kumeneko amasamukira kumwera.

Kodi nkhumba zimadya chiyani?

Monga tidalemba pamwambapa, agwape osagwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimadya ndi mbalame zazing'ono, zinyama zazing'ono, nsomba, achule, njoka, zimatha kuwukira ndikudya ngakhale zazikulu. Koma chakudya chomwe amakonda chomwe ndi mbalame zing'onozing'ono zomwe zili ngati nthenga: mpheta, mitengo, mitengo, mafumu, masewera, zipatso. Nthawi zina, nkhumba zimathanso kulima mitengo yayikulu, nkhanu, nkhunda, akhwangwala, mbalamezo. Mwa zolengedwa zomwe zimagwera akufiti kuti adye nkhomaliro, pali mbewa, makoswe, malovu amunda, agologolo, akalulu, mavu. Koma mbawala za ku Japan pereyaznik nthawi zina zimasaka mileme.

Pakusaka, achifwamba ochenjera amayang'anitsitsa nyama zawo, kenako modzidzimutsa. Nthawi yomweyo, chiwombankhanga chimathanso kugwira nyama zomwe zili pansi ndikuwuluka. Kuigwira ndimiyendo yake yamphamvu, imakufinya mwamphamvu, kwinaku ikuboola ndi ndodo zake zakuthwa. Pambuyo pake, amadya mnzake.

Koma kodi mbawala zazing'ono zimadya chiyani? Achinyamatawa amadya mphutsi, ntchentche ndi udzudzu monga mankhwala.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa khungubwi ndi falcon

Nthawi zambiri zopindika zimasokonezedwa ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama - zabodza, tiyeni tiyesere kufotokoza kusiyana pakati pawo.

• Choyamba, zabodza zimakhala m'gulu losiyana mwanyama - banja la falcon, pomwe akuba ndi a banja la kambuku.
• Zabodza ndizokulirapo kuposa mbala.
• Mapiko a falcon ndi akuthwa komanso aatali (kupitirira 30 cm m'litali), pomwe awoko ndi ofupikirapo (osachepera 30 cm kutalika), komanso onyansa.
• Maso a ma falcons nthawi zambiri amakhala a bulauni;
• Mchira wabodza ndi wofupikitsa, pomwe nkhumba zimakhala ndi mchira wautali.
• Zabodzazo zili ndi dzino lolengeza kuti mulomo, mbala zilibe.
• Ziwopsezo ndi zabodza zimasaka mosiyanasiyana ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. A Falcons amakonda malo otseguka; amawukira nyama yawo kuchokera kumtunda waukulu, kuthamanga kwambiri.
• Pakuweta tiana, abuluzi amakhala ndi chizolowezi cholanda zisa za anthu ena, pomwe ziboko zimachita izi kawirikawiri, koma zimadzimanga zisa zawo bwino.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kambuku ndi kite?

Komanso, nkhumba zimasokonezeka ndi ma kites, pansipa tidzapereka kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbalamezi.

• Kite imakhala yofupika komanso yofowoka poyerekeza ndi kambuku.
• Mchira wa kite ndi notch yolimba, umazunguliridwa ku hawk.
• Mlomo wa kite ndi wamtali komanso wofowoka kuposa msamba.
• Koma mapiko a kite, m'malo mwake, ndiwotalikirapo kuposa awoko.
• Kako sakhala msaki waluso ngati kambuku, nthawi zambiri zakudya zake zimakhala zovunda, zinyalala, nthawi zina zimatha kubera chakudya kuchokera kwa mbalame zina zomwe zimadya. Simunganene za hawk, mlenje wabwino kwambiri komanso waluso.

Crested hawk

Crested hawk
Akuluakulu amuna
Gulu la asayansi

Accipiter trivirgatus (Temminck, 1824)

Chithunzi chosavomerezeka kapena chosowa

Crested hawk - (lat. Accipiter trivirgatus ) Kodi ndi mbalame yolusa ya banja la chinsomba, yofalikira ku Asia.

Chithandizo Chaumwini Freepik

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Goshawk

Choyimira ichi cha banja la hawk ndicho chachikulu kwambiri mwa iwo, kulemera kwake kumafikira 1.5 makilogalamu, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 52-68. Komanso, zazikazi ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna. Komanso, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mtunduwu umatchedwanso kambuku wamkulu. Nthenga zake ndi zazifupi, zopindika pang'ono. Zopakidwa utoto, zofiirira. Amakhala ku Eurasia ndi North America, komwe amapezeka ku Africa, koma ku Morocco kokha.

Habitat ndi kugawa

Kubera kumene kumakhala kofala kumwera ku Asia, monga ku India, Sri Lanka, kumwera kwa China, Indonesia ndi Philippines. Mbalameyi imakhala m'malo otsika, amakonda malo otentha komanso otentha kwambiri.

Mbalame yachinsinsi yobisalira iyi imadyera mbalame zazing'ono, zolengedwa zazikazi ndi zokwawa m'malo okhala mitengo, kudalira kudabwitsidwa. Khungubwe yolira imamanga zisa pamitengo ndi kuyikira mazira awiri kapena atatu.

African Goshawk

Mbalame yolimba yokhala ndi maondo olimba komanso zibwano zakuthwa. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 36-39 cm, kulemera kumafika 500 g. Mitundu yake imakhala yakuda. Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, goshawk wa ku Africa amakhala kumpoto, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Africa.

Sparrowhawk

Iye ndi khungubwi kakang'ono - nthumwi yaying'ono kwambiri yaufumu wa ophanga. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 30- 32cm basi, ndipo kulemera kwake sikoposa 280 g. Kanyama kakoko kakang'ono kamakhala pafupifupi ku Europe konse, komanso madera akumpoto a Africa.

Wakuba wopepuka

Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mtundu wake - kuwala kowala. Ngakhale akatswiri a zoyereza atha kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu wa koko: imvi ndi yoyera, kachiwiri, kutengera mtundu. Akatswiri opepuka amakhala ku Australia kokha.

European Tuvik

Ndi kambuku wa miyendo yayifupi. Wina woyimira banja lachiwombankhondo, ali ndi kutalika kwa 30 cm masentimita, ndipo limalemera mpaka 220. Miyendo ya hawk iyi ndiyifupi, motero dzina lachiwiri. Amakhala kumwera kwa Europe, kuphatikiza kumwera kwa dziko lathu la Ukraine, komanso ku Ukraine Crimea. Mitundu yamtunduwu ndi yopundira ndipo, kumayambiriro kwa kuzizira, imapita kukakhazikika nyengo yachisanu kumwera - kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia Minor, Iran.

Phokoso lofiirira

Komanso woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wabanja la hawk, kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 60, ndi makilogalamu onse 1-1.4. Zowonjezera zake ndizofiyira komanso malo osiyanasiyana akuda.Mbawala yofiira imakhala ku Australia mokha, imakonda mbalame zankhuku (monga chakudya) ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zazing'ono.

Kuswana kwa Hawk

Anjomba ndi mbalame za m'mabanja zomwe zimakonda kupangira zisa zawo kukhazikika kwa ana awo. Mbalamezi zimayamba kumanga zisa miyezi 1.5-2 zisanakhwime, m'nkhalango zowuma kapena zotentha. Zingwe zimamangidwa, monga lamulo, kuchokera ku nthambi zowuma.

Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi: chiwopsezo ndi chogonana ndipo chimapanga awiriawiri moyo, ngati swans. Amaziikira mazira kamodzi pachaka ndipo amachita izi kwa masiku angapo. Mu clutch pamakhala mazira awiri mpaka 6. Yaikazi imawazinga, ndipo yamphongo panthawiyi, monga yoyambira yabwino, imabweretsa chakudya.

Akapaka amphaka, abambowo amapitabe chakudya kwa milungu ingapo, koma amayi awo amadyetsa akambuku. Pakapita kanthawi, zazikazi zimayambanso kuwuluka kukasaka, koma kwa miyezi inanso iwiri, makolo a akambawo amapitiliza kusamalira ana awo. Tikakhala okhwima komanso kukhala odziimira pawokha, anagalu achichepere adzauluka kwina kuchokera kwachikhalidwe cha makolo awo.

Momwe mungadyetsere kachoko kunyumba

Kusunga khungubwi ndi chinthu chosiririka, koma ngati muli ndi nthumwi ya banja lanyanjayi ali ku ukapolo, ndiye kuti muzikumbukira kuti owononga azidyetsa chakudya chawo chachilengedwe - ndibwino ngati ali ndi makoswe ogulidwa m'sitolo yapadera. Mutha kudyetsa nyama yomwe idagulidwa m'sitolo, koma chakudya chotere sichingakupatseni kambuku pazinthu zonse zomwe zimafunikira. Kumbukiraninso kuti mu ukapolo mbalamezi zimapanikizika kwambiri ndipo ndizotheka kuti kambuku kafunikire kudyetsedwa ngakhale mokakamizidwa.

Zosangalatsa zokhudza apolisi

• M'malo ena, mbalame zazing'ono zam'madzi zimakhala pansi pa zisa za akatchire. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zovala za hummingbs sizimayimira chidwi cha gastronomic kwa akuba, koma adani awo achilengedwe: ma jay ndi agologolo, m'malo mwake, ndioyimira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mbalame za humming mothandizidwa ndi kambuku zimadziteteza ku agologolo.
• Ubwenzi wa kholo ndi kukula kwa anapiyewo umatha kwathunthu ngati khungubwe wokhwima akafika chisa cha kholo mwa kukumbukira kwakale, makolo ake amamuthamangitsa ngati mlendo.
• Aigiriki akale ndi Aigupto adalemekeza hawk ngati nyama yopatulika, ndipo kuphedwa kwake kunkaonedwa ngati mlandu.
• Kuyambira kalekale, anthu aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito kachilombo posakira zinziri ndi ma pheasants.