Nyama yokongola, yocheperako pafupifupi kukula kwa nthenga zazitali: kutalika kwa thupi 100-130 cm, kutalika kwa mapewa 80-100 cm, kulemera 35-60 kg.
Amphongo, aafupi, mpaka 30 cm, nyanga zazing'ono zopangidwa ngati foloko, mwa akazi, nyanga zimakhala zazing'ono kwambiri (5-7 cm) osati zowerengeka. Nyanga za pronghorn, komanso nyanga za ma bovid (ng'ombe, mbuzi, antelopes), ndi ndodo zamfupa zokutidwa ndi chophimba cha nyanga. Komabe, ma pronghorn ndi nyama zokhazo zomwe amaphimba nyanga. Kusintha kwa nyanga kumachitika pambuyo pa kubereka ndipo kumatenga miyezi inayi.
Mtundu wa pronghorn ndiwofinya - bulawuni pamwambapa ndikuwala pansipa, ndi malo oyera pakhosi ndi "kalilole" loyera. Amuna amakhala ndi khosi lakuda pakhosi ndi "chida" chakuda. Tsitsi lotsalira ndi lozama komanso lakuthwa pang'ono, pakhosi limakhala ngati wondiyang'anira. Tizilombo ta fungo labwino (infraorbital, caudal, etc.) zimapangidwa kwambiri mu pronghorns.
Mawonekedwe a Anatomy
Pronghorns imasinthidwa bwino kuti iziyenda mwachangu chifukwa cha trachea yayikulu, mapapu olimba komanso mtima waukulu, womwe umathamangitsa magazi olemera mu mpweya mthupi lonse. Pronghorn yamphongo imakhala ndi mtima wokwanira kuchulukirapo kuposa nkhosa yamphongo. Mitengo yama cartilaginous pamiyendo yakutsogolo imalola kuti pronghorn iyende mosavuta pathanthwe.
Pronghorn
Chifukwa chakuthamanga komanso kutchuka, nyama yodabwitsayi yokongola ija inkatchedwa "mzimu wa tchire"
Pronghorn (Latin: Antilocapra americana) ndi wowunikira, wachikale kwambiri pa anthu osapembedza North America. Ndiwoyimira yekhayo wa mabanja a Pronghorn (Antilocapridae), omwe mu Pliocene ndi Pleistocene amapezeka pafupifupi mitundu 70.
Makhalidwe a Pronghorn ndi Thanzi
M'nyengo yozizira, Pronghorn amalumikizana kukhala ng'ombe zazikuru, zomwe zimakhala ndi oimira amuna ndi akazi onse. Pakadali pano, amasamukira kumadera olemera kwambiri chakudya. Atafika kumalo atsopano, ziweto zimasokonekera. Amuna achichepere amapanga magulu awoawo, ndipo akazi amatengera magulu osiyanasiyana.
Amuna okhwima, opitilira zaka zitatu, amatenga magawo awo, momwe akazi amabwera nthawi yobereketsa. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimayenda kuchokera kwa wamwamuna kupita kwa wina, kotero amatha kukhala ndi milungu iwiri. Ndi chisanu choyamba, ma pronghorn amathanso kusanganikirana monga ng'ombe zosakanizika, ndipo nthawi yamasika m'badwo watsopano umabadwa.
Zakudya zake zimakhala ndi herbaceous zomera. Ma Pronghorn amathanso kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi poyizoni ku ziweto. Nyama izi zimapeza chinyezi makamaka kuchokera ku chakudya, koma nthawi yomweyo yesetsani kuti musapite kutali ndi matupi amadzi. Amapewa madera owuma.
Ma Pronghorn amakhala m'matanthwe.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Pronghorns ndi nyama zamitala, nthawi yawo yakukhwima imayamba mu theka loyamba la Seputembala ndipo imatenga milungu iwiri. Amuna amalimbana okha. Opambana amatenga ubweya ndi akazi 4-12.
Nthawi ya bere mwa akazi imakhala miyezi 7-8. 50% ya iwo ali ndi mapasa. Mwana aliyense amalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu zitatu. Ng'ombe zamtunduwu ndizopepuka. Kwa milungu itatu, ana amabisala mu udzu, kenako amayamba kuthamanga ndikukula mwachangu. Pazaka zitatu zakubadwa, imatsala pang'ono kukula. Kutha msanga kumachitika m'miyezi 15-16. Nyamazo zimakhala kuthengo nthawi zambiri kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 10, koma anthu ena amafika zaka 15.
A Pronghorn amakhala zaka 10.
Chiwerengero
Mu 1920, kuchuluka kwa pronghorn kunali mitu pafupifupi 13,000, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 nambala iyi idadutsa kale miliyoni miliyoni. Masiku ano, padzikoli pali anthu pafupifupi 1 miliyoni. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kunakwaniritsidwa chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima.
Chilolezo kapena chilolezo chowombera kapena kugwira nyama izi ndizofunikira. Lamuloli likugwira ntchito kumayiko onse akumadzulo a US. Adani akuluakulu achilengedwe a pronghorn kuthengo ndi lynxes, mimbulu ndi coyotes.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, Pronghorns amatenga ng'ombe zambirimbiri mtsogoleri wawo akuwatsogolera. Ziweto zimasamukira kutengera kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi madzi. Amuna okalamba nthawi zambiri amakhala okha. M'chilimwe, zazimuna ndi zazimuna imodzi zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, amuna achikulire kuposa zaka zitatu amakhala m'malo a 0.23 mpaka 4.34 km 2 amalo omwe amawateteza kwa amuna anzawo.
Alamu yosangalatsa ndi chenjezo mu gulu la pronghorns. Woyang'anira atawona zoopsa, amaphwanya tsitsi la "galasi" loyera, lomwe limakhala ngati chrysanthemum yayikulu. Nyama zina nthawi yomweyo zimabwereza chizindikiro ichi, chowoneka ndi maliseche kwa mtunda wopitilira 4, ndipo nkhawa imaphimba gulu lonse.
Gulu la pronghorns nthawi zambiri limatsogozedwa ndi wamkazi, ndipo lamphongo ndilo lotsiriza kupitiriza kutsalira. Izi zimatilola kusiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi kuchokera kutali.
Madambo, kuphatikizapo poyizoni, mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba ndi cacti, zimadyetsa pronghorn. Amamwa pang'ono, posowa magwero milungu ingapo angathe kukhala okhutira ndi chinyezi chopezeka muzomera. Izi zimathandizira kuti pronghorn adutse kumadera akutali ndi zipululu. Zingani kuzungulira wotchiyo.
Pronghorn ndi chinyama chachiwiri padziko lapansi kuthamanga, chachiwiri chokha mpaka kubaya. Imatha kufulumira kuthamanga mpaka 67 km / h, kwinaku ikudumpha kutalika kwa 3.5-6 mamita. Kuthamanga - 88,5 km / h. Komabe, nyamayo singathe kupirira motalikirapo osaposa 5-6 km. Kuthamanga wamba kwa pronghorn ndi 48 km / h.
Mkhalidwe Wopezekera ndi Chitetezo
Kalelo m'zaka za zana la XIX. Pronghorn adakumana pagulu lankhosa lalikulu ndipo adaligwiritsa ntchito popaka nyama ndi khungu, koma pofika mu 1908 anthu ake okhala ndi mamiliyoni ambiri adatsitsidwa kukhala mitu 20,000. Chifukwa cha kutetezedwa ndi kuletsedwa kwa kusaka, ziweto zidabwezeretsedwa kwa anthu awiri miliyoni. Zomwe zimayang'anira kwambiri ndi mimbulu, nkhandwe ndi lynxes ofiira. Kutalika kwa moyo wa pronghorn m'chilengedwe ndi 5-7, kawirikawiri 10-12 zaka.
Ma subspecies awiri (A. a. peninsularis ndi A. a. sonoriensis) adalembedwa pa Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Madambo, kuphatikizapo poyizoni, mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba ndi cacti, zimadyetsa pronghorn. Amamwa pang'ono, posowa magwero milungu ingapo angathe kukhala okhutira ndi chinyezi chopezeka muzomera.
Izi zimathandizira kuti pronghorn adutse kumadera akutali ndi zipululu. Zingani kuzungulira wotchiyo.
Makina ophunzitsira amapezeka kwa okhawo ovomerezeka.
Zolemba:
- Onani nkhani ngati masamba
- kutha kumvetsera mawu akuchita pa slide iliyonse
- mwayi wowonjezera wanu, mawu a ana
- mayeso a ana kuti akometse zinthu
- zosankha zosankhidwa mwapadera za zithunzi ndi makanema kuti musinthe malingaliro
- zolumikizira ku maphunziro owonjezera
Kuchita mawu kumapezeka mumaphunziro.
Kanema wopezeka mumaphunzitsidwe
Pronghorn ndiye nyama yakale kwambiri yopanda khofi ku North America. Zokhudza banja la a Vilorogov. Panali mitundu yambiri ya pronghorn, tsopano ndi imodzi yokha yomwe yatsala.
Pronghorn amakhala kumapeto kwa North America kuchokera kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Canada kupita kumpoto kwa Mexico.
Mtengowo unadziwikanso chifukwa cha nyanga zolimba komanso zowala zomwe zimawoneka ngati ma pitchfork.
Pronghorn imaponya nyanga zake chaka chilichonse ndikupanga zatsopano.
Pronghorn ndi nyama yochepetsetsa komanso yokongola. Maso ake ali kumbali ndikuwona chilichonse chozungulira.
Pronghorn ili ndi mtundu wokongola wofiira ndi woyera. Pakhosi pake pali chingwe ngati mkanda.
Pronghorn ali ndi mtima wolimba. Imayendetsa magazi mwachangu mthupi, ndipo izi zimapatsa pronghorn mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa chake, pronghorn imathamanga mwachangu.
Pronghorns ndi herbivores. Amadya masamba aliwonse, ngakhale oopsa. Pronghorn amatenga madzi kuchokera ku udzu, kotero sangathe kumwa kwa milungu ingapo. Koma amadya mosalekeza.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, Pronghorns amatenga ng'ombe. Mtsogoleriyo amasankha mlonda amene amayang'anira ngati pali mdani pafupi. Mlonda akazindikira zoopsa, amapukusa tsitsi la phazi lake loyera. Nyama zina zimabwereza chizindikiro ichi, ndipo nkhawa zimaphimba gulu lonse.
Chifukwa cha nyama, nyanga ndi zikopa, anthu amakhala atachotsa pronghorns kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha izi, ndi owerengeka okha omwe adatsala padzikoli pofika zaka za zana la 20. Tsopano pronghorns adalembedwa mu Red Book, amatetezedwa.
Pa nyengo yakukula, amuna nthawi zambiri amakonzekera kumenyera wamkazi. Kuti achite izi, amagwiritsa ntchito nyanga zawo zakuthwa.
Mkazi amabadwa ana 1-2 kamodzi pachaka. Mimba imatenga miyezi 8. Ana obadwa kumene alibe thandizo, amabisala m'dzuwa. Koma miyezi 1.5, makanda amalowa m'gululo, ndipo pakatha miyezi itatu amasintha zakudya ku udzu. Pronghorn adakhala ndi moyo wa zaka 7.