Hedgehog wamba | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gulu la asayansi | |||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Pamtunda |
Dongosolo: | Hedgehogs (Erinaceomorpha Gregory, 1910) |
Subfamily: | Ma hedgehogs enieni |
Onani: | Hedgehog wamba |
Hedgehog wamba , kapena waku Europe hedgehog (lat. Erinaceus europaeus), ndi mtundu wa nyama zam'madzi kuchokera ku genusan hedgehogs zabanja la hedgehog. Amagawidwa mokulira ku Europe, Asia Little, Western Siberia, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan, dera la Amur, kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China.
Mawonekedwe
Hedgehog wamba ndi nyama yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 20-30 cm, mchira - pafupifupi 3 cm thupi - 700-800 g. Makutu ndi ochepa (nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepera 3.5 cm). Phokoso ladzaza. Mphuno za nyamayo ndi lakuthwa ndipo nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa. Ma hedgehogs wamba okhala ku Kupuro ali ndi makutu akuluakulu. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba, ma hedgehogs ali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono okwana 20, ndipo otsika - 16. Zowongolera zapamwamba zimasanjidwa kwambiri, kusiya malo omenyedwa ndi zitsulo zam'munsi. Mutuwo ndi wokulirapo, wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi mbali yakumaso. Pa paws, zala 5 zokhala ndi zopindika zakuthwa. Miyendo ya kumbuyo ndi yayitali kuposa kutsogolo. Ma singano a hedgehog wamba ndi afupia, osapitirira masentimita 3. Pamutu, singano imagawidwa m'magawo awiri ndi "kugawa". Pamwamba pa singano ndi yosalala, mtundu wake umakhala ndi malamba osinthika komanso opepuka. Kumbuyo, mbali ndi mutu, singano zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 2. Mkati mwake mulibe, mkati mwake mumadzaza mpweya. Singano amakula pamlingo womwewo. Pakati pa singano ndi tsitsi loonda, lalitali, lalifupi kwambiri. Mutu ndi m'mimba zimakutidwa ndi coarse ndipo nthawi zambiri tsitsi lakuda. Mu ma hedgehogs akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri 5-6,000 singano, mwa achichepere pafupifupi 3,000.
Pamaso, miyendo ndi m'mimba za ma hedgehogs wamba, mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana kuyambira oyera oyera achikasu mpaka bulauni. Tsitsi lofiirira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Chifuwa ndi mmero wa hedgehog ndizolimba, popanda mawonekedwe oyera oyera. Ma Hedgehogs omwe amakhala ku Spain ali ndi utoto wotuwa.
Kodi ma hedgehogs ndi ndani?
Nyama izi zimakula mpaka zazing'ono komanso zolengedwa. Amakhala ndi phokoso losongoka pang'ono.
Mitundu Ezhovye zosiyanasiyana zakunja kwa anthu, komanso malo. Mtunduwu ukuphatikizaMa tennks ndi ma gimnurs, pa thupi lomwe mulibe singano zomwe timazidziwa.
Nthawi zambiri, za nyama izi, ndizofanana. Koma pali mitundu ingapo ya nyama yomwe ili ya mtundu wa Ezhov, koma kunja kwake kuli ngati mpira.
Chidwi cha hedgehogs
Onani mfundo zingapo zosangalatsa za ana awa:
- Kutentha kokhazikika kwa matupi awo kumakhala madigiri 34, pomwe nthawi ya hibernation imatsika pafupifupi madigiri awiri.
- Thupi la mwana limagwirizana kwambiri ndi ziphe zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale zolimba kwambiri.
- Aroma ankawalera ana makamakawa kuti adye. Khungu silinatayidwe, koma linkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ubweya wa nkhosa.
- Ma Hedgehogs sanyamula chakudya chilichonse singano zawo.
- Pathupi la makanda amtchire pali majeremusi ambiri omwe amatha kupatsirana kwa anthu kudzera pakulankhula.
- Serbs amagwiritsa ntchito mkodzo wa hedgehogs monga chida chothandiza pothandizira uchidakwa.
Zosiyanasiyana ma hedgehogs
Mitundu ingapo, Mitundu ya nyama iyi ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa, malongosoledwe a ena adzawerengedwa pansipa:
- Achiafrika, izi zikuphatikiza ma subspecies anayi.
- Steppe, atha kukhala mitundu iwiri yokha.
- Ma Europe, awa ndi mitundu itatu, hedgehog wamba wamba imagwira ntchito kwa aliyense pano.
- Eva. Kwa iwo mutha kudziwa mitundu yayitali kwambiri, yoposa isanu ndi umodzi.
Palinso oimira ena amtunduwu, omwe ndi gimnurs. Sifanana ndi hedgehog wamba kunja. Izi zikuphatikiza ma genera asanu omwe amakhalabe achilengedwe ndipo asanu ndi amodzi amawaganizira kuti amwalira kale.
Onani mitundu yodziwika bwino yazinyama mwatsatanetsatane.
7. Moloch
Moloch ndi buluzi wochokera ku Australia yemwe amakula mpaka 200 mm ndipo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 20. Matupi awo amaphimbidwa ndi ma spikes akuthwa, ndipo amakhalanso ndi mutu wabodza kumbuyo kwa mitu yawo. Tikuganiza kuti, kuwonjezera pa kukhala imodzi mwazinyama zozizira kwambiri, Moloch ndiamodzi mwa abuluzi wozizira kwambiri.
6. Urchin wam'nyanja
Ma urchine am'nyanja ndi ang'ono, ochepa spiky ndi zozungulira nyama. Pali mitundu ya 950 ya urchins zam'nyanja. Zonsezi ndizosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, zomwe zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi komanso zozama zam'nyanja. Nthawi zina anthu amabwera mwangozi ma urchins am'nyanja m'madzi osaya, omwe, ngati mukufuna, ndi chinthu chosasangalatsa kwambiri.
Habitat
Mtundu wamba wa hedgehog umakhala malo okhala mosiyanasiyana kwambiri, kupewa malo okwanira ndi nkhalango zowirira. Zoyala za m'mphepete, m'mphepete, m'miyala yaying'ono, mitsinje yamadzi. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi bambo. Ku Europe, hedgehog wamba amatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zotseguka, zigwavu, m'malo otetezeka, malo amchenga komanso ngakhale m'mapaki.
Moyo
Hedgehog wamba ndi nyama yomwe imagwira ntchito usiku. Sakonda kuchoka kunyumba kwawo kwanthaŵi yayitali. Ma Hedgehogs amatha tsiku chisa kapena malo ena obisalamo.
Zingwe zimamangidwa m'misamba, m'maenje, m'mapanga, m'miyala yomayidwa ndi makoswe kapena m'mizu yamitengo. Nthawi zambiri, chisachi ndi 15 cm masentimita awiri; chimakhala ndi zinyalala za udzu kapena masamba, mbewa. Mothandizidwa ndi zala zazitali zapakati, ma hedgehogs amasamalira spines yawo. Nyama zankhondo zimanyambita lilime. Amunawa amakhala okwiyirana, kuteteza masamba awo mwachangu. Malo amtundu woterewa amuna ndi 7-7 ha, ndipo mwa akazi - 6-10 ha. Kukhetsa mu hedgehogs wamba kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwamasika kapena yophukira. Pafupifupi, singano imodzi yokha mwa zosintha zitatu pachaka. Singano iliyonse imakula miyezi 12-18. Mwachilengedwe, nyama izi zimakhala ndi zaka 3-5, mu ukapolo zimatha kukhala zaka mpaka 8-10.
Ma Hedgehogs ndi nyama zothamanga kwambiri kukula kwawo. Amatha kuthamanga mothamanga mpaka 3 m / s, amatha kusambira ndikudumpha. Mukamayenda ndikuthamanga, ma hedgehogs amapondera pansi ndi mapazi awo onse. Monga nyama zambiri zamadzulo, hedgehog satha kuona bwino, koma amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kumva. M'chilimwe, kugunda kwa mtima ndi magawo a 180 pamphindi, mu hibernation, pafupipafupi amatsika mpaka 20-60 kumenyedwa pamphindi, pomwe hedgehogs imangotulutsa mpweya umodzi wokha pamphindi. Ndi isanayambike chisanu, ma hedgehogs aku Europe atseka mwamphamvu khomo la dzenje ndikugwa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Pa hibernation, kutentha kwa thupi kwa hedgehog kumatsika mpaka 1.8 ° C. M'chilimwe, amafunika kusunga mafuta ambiri momwe angathere, chifukwa ngati hedgehog wamba amawabisa popanda mafuta okwanira (osakwana 500 g), ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira amakhala pangozi yoti afe ndi njala. Pambuyo pa hibernation, sichichoka pachisa mpaka kutentha kwa mpweya kukwera mpaka 15 ° C. Ma hedgehogs wamba amakhala moyo wamtundu, koma khalani pafupi.
Tithokoze pantchito yophunzirira a hedgehog ku Europe ku New Zealand, zidapezeka kuti, atapezeka kuti ali ndi nyengo yatsopano, a hedgehogs "adayiwala" kusawuka kwawo ndipo anali ofunitsitsa kugona usiku zisa zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hedgehogs sanangophatikizira zipatso za mbewu zachilengedwe m'zakudya zawo, koma nthawi zina ankayamba pafupifupi kusinthitsa chakudya chawo chanyama wamba.
Hedgehogs
Nyama yaying'ono yokhala ndi chowongolera chotsogola chofotokozera ndizofotokozera za hedgehog. Mitundu imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe komanso malo osiyanasiyana. Nyamazi zimaphatikizapo ma tenreks ndi gimnurs omwe alibe singano wamba. Timadontho ndi ndulu ndi "abale" oyandikira kwambiri a hedgehogs. Koma porcupines, ngakhale akufanana chitetezo, singano, siali "abale" awo.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za onse oimira ma hedgehogs:
- kutalika kwa thupi - kuyambira 10 mpaka 45 cm,
- kulemera kwamphamvu - kuchokera 300 mpaka 1500 magalamu,
- Kutalika kwam mchira kuyambira 1 mpaka 21 cm,
- wamkulu mutu woboola pakati
- zipilala za zygomatic zimapangidwa, zoyikika kwambiri,
- mawonekedwe a chigaza amatha kukhala opendekera komanso ofupika kapena ofupikira komanso otambalala,
- Maso ndi ma auricles opangidwa bwino,
- kuchuluka kwa nipples - kuchokera 2 mpaka 5 zidutswa,
- tiziwalo thukuta kulibe, pali tinthu tating'ono ta sebaceous, anal komanso olunjika
- mano ali akuthwa, ang'ono, oyambira oyambilira amafanana ndi ma fang, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mano 16 pansi paaya, 20 pa chibwano chapamwamba, mitundu yaanthu imakhala ndi mano okwana 44,
- mphete zazifupi kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo,
- Mwa zala zisanu zakumiyendo yakumiyendo (kokha buluzi wokhala ndi mzere wazitali zinayi), zapakati ndizitali kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zithetsere singano,
- Tsitsi loonda kwambiri limakula pakati pa singano.
- Mtundu wa malaya umasiyana kuchokera kumchenga Woyera mpaka bulawuni wakuda kutengera mtundu,
- akakhala pachiwopsezo amatha kupindika kukhala mpira,
- ambiri amakhala ndi minofu yolimba yolimba,
- kumva bwino komanso kumva kununkhira, kuwona pang'ono,
- Mitundu yambiri imatha kusambira,
- ngakhale kuthawa zoopsa, kuthamanga sikuyenda osapitilira 4 km / h,
- Nthawi yayitali yokhala kutchire imatha zaka 5, monga ziweto zimatha kukhala mpaka 10,
- Adani akuluakulu: mimbulu, mbendera, mbidzi, mbewa, nkhandwe, mongooses, mbendera za uchi, chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi, zolusa, ankhandwe ndi adani ena.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya ma hedgehogs amaphimbidwa ndi singano. Ili ndi khadi yawo yoyambira. Singano ndi tsitsi losinthidwa. Choyeneranso chidwi ndicho kubadwanso m'mbali za thupi. Masingano ochepa kwambiri komanso tsitsi loluka bwino amaonekera bwino m'malo ano.
Chiwerengero cha singano mwa achikulire chimatha kufikira 10,000. Kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 3. Masingaliro omweawo ndiowoneka bwino komanso okhazikika. Amakhala ndi zipinda zazing'onoting'ono zambiri zauzimu zopatuka ndi mbale. Khosi loonda, losinthika limatuluka khungu pakhungu ngati mpira. Pang'onopang'ono imakakulika mpaka pansi pa singano ndi matepi aponso mpaka ku nsonga yake. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatsimikizira chitetezo cha thupi la nyamayo ikagwa kuchokera kumtunda kapena kukakamiza kwina kulikonse kwa singano. Gawo loonda loti lisunthidwe limakhazikika, kuchotsa mwayi wolowera ndi singano m'thupi. Makalidwe awo ndi achilendo: nsonga ndi maziko ndi zoyera, pakati ndi lakuda kapena la bulauni.
Singano iliyonse imakhala ndi minofu yake, yotha kuiwongola. Popuma, minofu imakhazikika, ndipo chivundikiro cha singano chimawoneka bwino. Pakakhala zoopsa, hedgehog amayamba kukweza singano, kudikirira kuti ngoziyo ithe. Munthawi imeneyi, singano zimatuluka ndimalangizo akuthwa mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga chida chankhondo champhamvu. Ngati chiwopsezo chikuwonjezereka, nyamayo imapindapinda kukhala singano yopanda singano.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Tizilombo ta hedgehog wamba ndi nyama yodabwitsa. Maziko ake amapanga zakudya zophatikizana ndi akuluakulu, mbozi, mavu, nthawi zina nyongolotsi, mbewa. Mwachilengedwe, ma vertebrates samadziwika kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri omwe amavutitsidwa ndi hedgehog amakhala zinzonono komanso zotupa. Zomera zimatha kudya zipatso ndi zipatso. Mosiyana ndi chikhulupiriro chofala, hedgehogs nthawi zambiri samadya njoka, popeza maziko a chakudya cha hedgehogs ndi tizilombo (mu hedgehogs omwe akukhala ku New Zealand, maziko a chakudyacho ndi zipatso za mbewu zachilengedwe). Mu 1811, P.S.as Pallas adayeseza kuti ma hedgehogs osadzivulaza adadya boilers yokhala ndi poizoni wambiri wa nyama zina. Ma Hedgehogs samathandizanso poizoni monga arsenic, mercuric chloride, opium, komanso hydrocyanic acid. Inde, milingo yayikulu kwambiri ya ziphe ndi zovulaza ma hedgehogs, koma Mlingo womwe umapha nyama zina, komanso anthu, suvulaza hedgehogs.
Makoswe, omwe nthawi zina satchulidwa kwenikweni ku mbewa zenizeni mpaka ma voales ochepa, samapezeka mwachilengedwe komanso ang'onoang'ono. Mwa tizilombo todyedwa ndi hedgehog, ena ovulala adadziwika (mwachitsanzo, kafadala wa Meyi, kafadala, waubweya wamtchire, mbozi zamtundu wa silika, nyemba zosaluka.
Mazira ndi anapiye a mbalame zazing'ono zilizonse zokhala pansi zimadyanso.
Gulu
Nyama zimachokera ku banja la hedgehogs kuchokera ku zovuta za chitetezo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma hedgehogs (zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe a ena amaperekedwa munkhani ili pansipa). Banja lenilenilo lili ndi mitundu 24, mitundu 10 komanso mabanja 2
1. Ma hedgehogs enieni. Zoyimiriridwa ndi genera zinayi:
1) Mwa Africa mulinso mitundu inayi:
- Algerian,
- oyera-oyera
- Chisomali,
- Waku South Africa
2) steppe imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri:
3) ku Europe pali mitundu itatu:
- Amur
- Yaku Eastern Europe
- wamba (European),
4) tsered zikuphatikiza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi:
- apodal,
- Mmwenye,
- kolala
- singano yakuda
- Mwaitiopiya
- eyared.
2. Zolimbitsa thupi, kapena ma hedgehogs. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu isanu ya amoyo ndi enanso asanu ndi limodzi omwe atha kale. Ndi mitundu ingati ya hedgehogs yomwe anthu sadzawerengera mtsogolomo, ndizovuta kunena, koma mitundu yonga nyimboyi imatchulidwa kale mu Buku Lofiira la International. Mwa zina mwazamoyo za ma rat urin ndi awa:
- nyimbo
- nyimbo zazing'ono
- Hainan hedgehogs,
- nsapato zazitali,
- Nyimbo za ku Philippines.
Kuswana
Pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu yozizira, maudzu akuluakulu amayamba nthawi yakukhwima. Pakati pa amuna, ndewu nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha akazi. Amuna amaluma miyendo, nkhope, kukokana, kugwiritsa ntchito singano zawo pomenya nkhondo. Pankhondoyo, ma hedgehogs amalira mofuula komanso kuwombera. Nkhondo itatha, wopambanayo amawzungulira kwa maola ambiri pafupi ndi wamkazi. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imakhala kumbuyo kwa mkazi. Amayi aakazi ali kumapeto kwenikweni kwa thupi, ndipo mbolo yamphongo ili mkati mwamimba, chifukwa cha izi, safunika kukwera kwathunthu wamkazi. Asanakhwime, wamkazi amasenda minga mosamala ndikukutira kumbuyo. Pambuyo pa mating, hedgehogs amabalalika. Pothawirapo, hedgehog mwina amakumba ake bolodi kapena amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zomata zotsalira. M'dzenjemo muli zinyalala za udzu wouma ndi masamba.
Monga lamulo, wamkazi amabweretsa ana amodzi pachaka. Mimba imatenga masiku 49. Mu zinyalala, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana a 3-8 (nthawi zambiri 4). Ma Hedgehogs amabadwa amaliseche, akhungu, ali ndi khungu lowala la pinki, thupi lawo ndi magalamu 12 okha. Maola ochepa atabadwa, hedgehog imakhala ndi singano zoyera komanso zakuda. Chophimba chithunthu chokwanira chimapangidwa ndi tsiku la 15 la moyo. Kuchepetsa kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Zikatha, hedgehog imayamba kudzidalira. Amakula pofika miyezi 10-12.
Phindu ndi kuvulaza anthu
Ordinary hedgehog ndiwothandiza pakuwonongeranso tizilombo toopsa: pakati pa tizilombo timene timadyapo ndi maFuchi, Meyi mbozi ndi mbozi zopanda silika. Nthawi yomweyo, hedgehog amawononga anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame zazing'ono zokhala pansi. Chifukwa chake, pa Outer Hebrides, ma hedgehogs omwe adalowetsedwa adasandulika kukhala tizirombo zenizeni zomwe zimawononga chimango cha mbalame monga snipe, dunlin, nkhono ndi lapwing.
Hedgehog imatha kukhala chonyamula matenda monga dermatomycosis, fever, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, matenda a chiwewe. Nkhupakupa ndi utitiri zimapezeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuwunika kwa nkhupakupa za ixodid (zonyamula ma encephalitis, tularemia, abesiosis, equine pyroplasmosis pathogens) zawonetsa kuti ma hedgehogs ndi amodzi mwa magulu omwe nkhupakupa zimadya m'magawo onse a chitukuko. M'malo a nkhalango, ma hedgehogs amatenga nthata, kuphatikiza encephalitis, kuposa nyama zina zilizonse, popeza chivundikiro chake, monga burashi, chimagwirizanitsa nthata ndi udzu. Kuchokera nkhupakupa zomwe zidalowa pakati pa singano, hedgehog siyitha kuchotsa.
Hedgehog ndiofala kwambiri, nthawi zina mitundu yambiri. Imasinthika mosavuta ndi moyo pafupi ndi anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ngati chiweto. Amadziwika kuti Aroma kale m'zaka za IV. BC e. ma hedgehogs adakhazikitsidwa nyama - idaphikidwa ndi singano mu dongo. Zikopa za Hedgehog zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri povala zikopa:
Ma Hedgehogs enieniwo ndi osathandiza pamoyo wamunthu, monga ambiri a ife timaganizira, chifukwa ngati akanakhala opanda singano, zikopa zofewa zazikakhala zopanda ntchito kwa anthu omwe amafa: pambuyo pa zonse, hedgehog imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala. Komabe, pano nawonso ufulu wokhawo wogulitsa malonda udadzetsa kuti ogulitsa omwe ali nawo amapindula ndi ndalama zambiri, palibe vuto lina lililonse lomwe limafunikira pamilandu yayikulu ku Seneti, ndipo kunalibe mfumu imodzi yomwe sikukadandaula khungu labodza la hedgehog (Pliny Wakale, Mbiri Yachilengedwe VIII. 135).
Zithandizo zina za wowerengeka (makamaka zamadazi) zimaphatikizapo phulusa, bile, zamkati, kapena magazi a hedgehog.
Zambiri
- Mukakumana ndi chinthu chonunkhira mwamphamvu, ma hedgehogs amawonetsa machitidwe achilendo omwe amadziwika kuti amadzipaka okha. Chingwe cholumikizira chinthucho mpaka malovu ofunda atayamba kutuluka, ndikuwachotsa ndi singano.
- Nthawi zina ma hedgehogs amalola ngakhale ndudu za ndudu kapena ubweya wa thonje wokhala ndi zonunkhira za singano. Machitidwe a machitidwe awa sanadziwikebe bwinobwino. Mwina, iyi ndi njira yolimbana ndi majeremusi.
- Chikhulupiriro chofala choti hedgehogs chimatulira chakudya pama singano ndikulakwitsa. (Mwachitsanzo, ndi malingaliro olakwika wamba kuti hedgehogs ikhoza kudulira maapulo kapena bowa pa singano zawo). Wolemba cholakwachi ndi Pliny Mkulu, yemwe adalemba mu Natural History:
LVl 133. Kwa nthawi yozizira, chakudya ndi ma hedgehogs zimasungidwa: atagudubuza maapulo omwe agwa, ma hedgehogs amawakhazikitsa kumbuyo kwawo ndikuwagwira apulo ina mkamwa mwawo, ndikuwasamutsira kuzenje za mitengo.
5. Hedgehog nsomba
Nyama yabwino kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pali mitundu 17 ya hedgehog, koma ndibwino kunena kuti timakonda mitundu yonse
Hedgehog nsomba imatha kulowetsa matupi awo ndikukhala mpira wozungulira. Kukula kotereku kumawopseza omwe angadye. Nsomba zakutchire zimakhalanso ndi ma spikes akuthwa omwe amalozera kunja pomwe zimafupika.
3. Korona waminga
Pali mitundu ya 1,500 ya nsomba zam'madzi padziko lapansi ndipo zina mwa izo zili ndi ma spikes. Starfish ya Crown of Thorns ndiyo mtundu wankhosa kwambiri wamtundu uliwonse, ndipo ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri. Amadziwika motero chifukwa chaminga zapoizoni zomwe zimaphimba matupi awo ndikuwoneka pang'ono ngati korona waminga. Kukula kwa nduwira zovekera nthawi zambiri kumakhala 25-35 cm.
2. Bulu wamatenda woonda - "Armadillo"
Armadillo ndi buluzi womera mchala. Amakhala m'zipululu kumwera kwa Africa. Amadziwika kuti abuluziwa ali ndi kuluma kwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kuthana ndi nsagwada zawo! Choonadi china chodziwikiratu: pamene akuwopsezedwa, amatha kuyika mchira wake pakamwa ndi kutetezedwa ndi mpira. Khalidwe ili likufanana ndewu yankhondo!
Moyo
Hedgehog - mtundu wa nyama womwe umakhala m'maiko onse a ku Europe, umapezekanso ku Africa, Asia, Middle East ndi New Zealand. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti si kale kwambiri komwe amakhala ku North America. Sanawonepo nyama izi ku South America, Antarctica, Australia ndi Madagascar. Pa gawo la Russia, mutha kupeza hedgehog wamba, singano yakuda, Daurian ndi eared.
Mwachilengedwe, nyama zimakonda kukhazikika pansi pamizu, m'miyala yamiyala, m'matchire, kamakumba komwe kamasiyidwa ndi makoswe kapena kukumba palokha. Kutalika kwa mabowo awa kumatha kufika mita imodzi. Ma Hedgehogs amakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa wochezeka. Amagona masana, kusaka usiku. Kutali ndi kwathu osachokapo.
Mitundu yonse yamakhola ndi adani. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo:
- mbozi
- kafadala
- kafadala
- nyansi
- njoka, kuphatikizapo zapoizoni,
- achule
- mbewa
- nsabwe zamatabwa,
- akangaude
- Zomera zanyengo: ma zipatso, zipatso, zipatso zamtchire, bowa, mbewa,
- dzombe,
- zinkhanira
- aulesi
- abuluzi
- mazira a mbalame.
Titha kunyengedwa ndi zovunda ndi zinyalala za chakudya. Pakati pa Epulo ndi Okutobala, hedgehog iyenera kupeza mafuta okwanira kuti apulumuke hibernation bwino.
Kutha msambo kumachitika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo (mwa mitundu ina, mwa zaka ziwiri). Atadzuka, yamphongo imapita kukafunafuna wokwatirana naye. Nyengo yakukhwima ndiyotheka pomwe mpweya umayamba kutentha +18 ° C. Kulimbana chifukwa chachikazi ndi kowopsa, koma sikutha ndi kuvulala. Pambuyo pokankha ndi zipolopolo ndi kuluma pamiyendo ndi kumaso, zokolola zofooka kwambiri, ndikutuluka kunkhondo. Pambuyo pa mating, mwamunayo amasiya "bwenzi".
Madera akumpoto, ana amabadwa kamodzi pachaka, anthu akumwera amatha kubereka ana kawiri pachaka. Kutalika kwa pakati ndi masiku 34-60. Mu litala limodzi pali ana atatu kapena atatu. Kulemera kwa kubala ndi magalamu 10,5 okha, amaliseche, akhungu, pinki yowala. Maola 6 atabadwa amakhala ndi singano zofewa zoyambirira. Patatha milungu iwiri, "zoyipa" zophimba mawonekedwe. Mwezi woyamba ma hedgehogs amangodya mkaka wa m'mawere okha, pafupi ndi kugwa amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Hedgehog wamba
Mtunduwu ndi umodzi wodziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyamayi imakhala anthu okhala m'mapululu, m'mapaki ndi matondo. Popewa kunyowa komanso madambo. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi m'nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe. Chimadya pa chilichonse chomwe chingapeze. Njira zazikulu za mtundu wa hedgehog wamba:
- kutalika kwa thupi - 20-30 cm,
- kutalika kwam mchira - mpaka 3 cm,
- kulemera kwamphamvu - mpaka 800 magalamu,
- utoto - kuyambira chikasu mpaka bulauni,
- kutalika kwa singano - mpaka 3 cm.
Madera “achimuna” achimuna kuchokera pa mahekitala 7 mpaka 40, kwa akazi ndiwofatsa - mkati mwa mahekitala 10. Kukhazikika kwa chisanu kumapangitsa kuti nyamazo zizitseka mwamphamvu pakhomo lolowera mdzenje ndi kubisala. Pakadali pano, kutentha kwa thupi kwa hedgehog kumatsikira ku 1,8 ° C. Nyama zimagona kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Chapakatikati, mpweya wotentha ukangotha kutentha +15 ° C, amayamba kutuluka. Kuti munthu apulumuke nthawi yozizira, nyamayo imafunika kuyenda mpaka magalamu 500.
Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka chimodzi. Mimba imatenga masiku 50, kubereka kumachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala. Pakhoza kukhala mpaka ma hedgehogs 10 pa zinyalala. Pafupi ndi amayi awo ali ndi mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chazaka 5.
Wamng'ono waku Africa
Mwa mitundu yonse ya ma hedgehogs (zithunzi za amayi omwe ali mu zolembedwazi) zolembedwa zaku Africa, the pygmy hedgehog ndichosangalatsanso. Imapezeka ku Mauritania, Nigeria, Sudan, Ethiopia Senegal. Kufotokozera:
- kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka 22 cm,
- kutalika kwam mchira - mpaka 2,5 cm,
- kulemera kwamphamvu - magalamu 350-700,
- utoto - wonyezimira kapena wa imvi,
- osachita hibernate.
Maso siakulu, makutu ndi ozungulira, zachikazi ndi zokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Imapanga phokoso, phokoso kapena phokoso, koma pangozi itha kufuula kwambiri. Nyama zamtunduwu zimasungidwa ngati ziweto.
Eva
Mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya hedgehogs (chithunzi pansipa) ku Russia, imodzi yokha ndi singano yakuda. Nyama zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makutu aatali omwe amakula mpaka 5 cm. Kufotokozera:
- kutalika kwa thupi - 12-27 cm,
- kulemera kwamphamvu - mpaka 500 magalamu,
- kutalika kwa singano mkati mwa 2 cm.
Nthawi zambiri, "makutu amaso" amasankha kuwuluka ngati chitetezo, m'malo mokhota. Mtunduwu umakonda zipululu, theka-chipululu, mapiri owuma. Amakonzekera kukhazikika pafupi ndi aryks kapena mitsinje yonyowa. Amadya tizilombo, tating'ono tating'ono, zipatso, zipatso, mbewu.
Gimnura
Nyimbo yodziwika bwino imayimira mitundu yaying'ono ya rat urins. Kufotokozera:
- kutalika kwa thupi - 26-45 cm,
- kulemera kwamphamvu - magalamu 500-2000,
- kutalika kwam mchira - 15-30 cm.
Mmbali ndi kumbuyo kwake ndi zakuda, khosi, mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mchira ndizoyera. Mchirawo umakutidwa ndi mamba komanso tsitsi locheperako. Palibe singano mu nyimbo. Mumakhala nkhalango zamvula za ku Southeast Asia. Amadyanso nyama zazing'ono, nsomba, achule, zipatso.
Zosangalatsa
Pali zina zosangalatsa za hedgehogs:
- Kutentha kwakuthupi kwamtunda ndi 34 ° C, ndipo pakumazizira, kumatsikira mpaka 2 ° C,
- Thupi la nyamalo limagwirizana ndi ziphe zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa hedgehogs imatha kuthana ndi njoka zapoizoni,
- Aroma ankakweza nkhumba zodyera nyama, zamkati ndi magazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, khungu loyera limagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza ubweya wa nkhosa,
- hedgehogs satenga maapulo kapena bowa pa chakudya chawo, izi ndi nthano,
- majeremusi ambiri amakhala nyama, asayansi adagwiritsa ntchito hedgehogs chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nkhuku m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyengo,
- Serbs amagwiritsa ntchito mkodzo wa hedgehogs ngati mankhwala ochizira uchidakwa,
- "zida" zonunkhira zimasinthidwa pachaka ndi wachitatu.
Hedgehog: Kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe. Kodi hedgehog amawoneka bwanji?
Malinga ndi gulu la zowerengera, ma hedgehogs ndi anyama amtundu wina, dongosolo la hedgehogs, ndi banja la hedgehogs.
Kutalika kwa hedgehog, kutengera mtundu wake, kuyambira 10 mpaka 44. Komanso kulemera kwa hedgehog kumatha kukhala 300 g mpaka 1.5 kilogalamu. Nyama iyi imakhala ndi mchira, ndipo mchira wa hedgehog umakula kuyambira 1 mpaka 21 cm.
Mutu wa hedgehog ndiwakulu kwambiri, wopangidwa ngati mphero, ndipo kupukutira ndi kotakata, umakongoletsedwa ndi mphuno ya hedgehog yam'manja nthawi zonse.
Mano a hedgehog, ngakhale ali ang'ono, ndi akuthwa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mano 20 pachikondwerero chapamwamba komanso 16 pamunsi. Mano awiri oyambawo amakhala akulu ndipo amawoneka ngati fang. Ngakhale mitundu ina ya hedgehogs ili ndi mano pafupifupi 44. Tsopano mukudziwa yankho la funso, kodi hedgehog ali ndi mano angati?
Miyendo yakumbuyo ya hedgehog ndi yayitali kuposa kutsogolo, miyendo iliyonse imakhala ndi zala zisanu. Kupatula kokha ndi hedgehog yoyera, yomwe imakhala ndi zala zinayi zokha pakatikati pake. Ma Hedgehogs ndi nyama zoyera ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amayeretsa masingano awo mothandizidwa ndi zala zazitali zapakati.
Minga lakuthwa kapena masingano a hedgehog ndi chizindikiro chake, mtundu wamtundu wa mayitanidwe a nyama iyi. Amawateteza onse kuti atetezedwe ku zilombo - nthawi yoopsa, ma hedgehogs amapindika mpaka kukhala mpira, panja pomwe pamakhala minga yopitilira, komanso kunyamula zakudya zosiyanasiyana - ma hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amalambira maapulo kapena bowa pama singano zawo kuti awasamutsire kukamwa kwawo.
Pafupifupi, hedgehog iliyonse imakhala ndi singano 10,000. Mtundu wa singano zamitundu yambiri ya hedgehogs ndi wakuda komanso wamizeremizere kuwala. Utoto wa ubweya wa hedgehog, kutengera mtundu wake, umatha kukhala wa bulauni, mchenga, woderapo kapena woyera.
Pokhala nyama yausiku, hedgehog imakhala ndi maso osawona, koma yopanga bwino ndi fungo ndi kumva.
Ndipo ngakhale kuti hedgehogs ndi nyama zapamtunda, zimatha kusambira komanso kukwera mitengo.
Kodi ma hedgehogs amakhala kuti?
Hedgehogs amakhala padziko lonse lapansi, amatha kupezeka ku Europe konse, kuchokera ku Scandinavia mpaka ku Mediterranean, mu Africa otentha, Asia komanso New Zealand ndi Australia.
Monga malo okhala, hedgehogs amatha kukhala onse m'nkhalango ndi zipululu. Sawopa kuyandikana ndi anthu, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kuwonedwa m'mapaki amizinda, mabwalo.
Kodi ma hedgehogs amadya chiyani zachilengedwe?
Hedgehogs ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi zomwe zimadya zipatso zosiyanasiyana (maapulo, mapeyala, sitiroberi, rasipiberi, mabulosi akuda), bowa, mbewa, ma acorn, ndi nyama zina: tizilombo zazikulu (kafadala, akangaude, dzombe, mbozi, nyongolotsi), mazira a mbalame. Mitundu yayikulu ya hedgehogs imatha kusaka abuluzi, achule, mbewa. Popeza kuthana ndi ziphe, ma hedgehogs amakhalanso ndi njoka zapoizoni ndi zinkhanira.
Ma Hedgehogs ndikofunikira kuti muthe kunenepa bwino nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yophukira, kuti mupeze mafuta osungirako, mwina atha kufa nthawi yawo yozizira, pomwe amagwa ngati zimbalangondo pomwe kumayambira kuzizira. Ndiwopezeka bwino wamafuta womwe umalola ma hedgehogs kukhalabe otetezedwa (dzina lasayansi la hibernation mwa nyama) mpaka kuphukira.
European hedgehog
Iye ndi hedgehog wamba, membala wodziwika kwambiri pabanja la hedgehog. Kutalika kwa hedgehog wamba ndi 20-30 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa 800. Amakhala ku Europe konse, komabe, amatha kupezeka m'maiko ena aku Asia.
Eastern Europe hedgehog
Mawonekedwe ake, amafanana kwambiri ndi hedgehog waku Europe, koma ali ndi mtundu wosiyaniratu, ndiko kuti, kutsogolo kwa khosi ndi pamimba ndichopepuka. Imakula mpaka 35cm kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 1,2 kg. Sichikhala ku Eastern Europe kokha, komanso ku Urals, komanso m'maiko angapo ku Middle East.
Kutalika kwa singano hedgehog
Izi hedgehog idatchedwa dzina lothokoza ngakhale muyezo wa hedgehog, singano zazitali komanso zazitali. Kutalika kwa singano zake ndi masentimita 4-4.2.Hing'anga zomwezo zimakhala ndi mtundu wina, zimatha kukhala zopepuka kapena zakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi la hedgehog ndi 22-27 cm, masekeli 500 mpaka 900. Amakhala ku Middle East, Peninsula ya Arabia. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Uzbekistan.
Daurian hedgehog
Ichi ndi steppe hedgehog chomwe chimakhala kuchokera kumapazi a Transbaikalia kupita ku Mongolia ndi kumpoto kwa China. Mosiyana ndi ma hedgehogs ena, spines yamtunduwu ndi yofupikitsa, mchenga kapena bulawuni. Chovala cha hedgehog ichi ndi imvi kapena chofiirira chakuda.
Momwe mungadyetse hedgehog kunyumba?
Monga chakudya cha hedgehog, nyama yaiwisi, yodala, chiwindi chophika, ndi nsomba zatsopano ndizabwino. Monga zakudya, mumatha kum'patsa mapako amoyo, mphutsi za ufa kapena makombo. Komanso ma hedgehogs amasangalala kudya maapulo ndi kaloti.
Anthu nthawi zambiri amaganiza ngati hedgehogs ikhoza kukhala ndi mkaka. Timayankha kuti: ayi, ndizosatheka, ma hedgehogs ali ndi vuto lactose, lomwe lili mkaka, kotero mkaka ungapangitse osati m'mimba okhazikika mu hedgehog, komanso ngakhale kumabweretsa.
Hedgehog
Mtunduwu umapezeka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Uyu ndi wokhala m'mapululu, chilombochi chimatha kupezeka m'mapaki amtawuni, m'nkhalango. Nyama imayesetsa kupewa madambo.
Buku. Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimapita kuma ziweto zapakhomo kukafunafuna chakudya. Ngati mungafune, mutha kumangirira hedgehog pomupangira nyumba ndikusiya nthawi zonse zinthu zabwino.
Pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe angachipeze mu chakudya cha chilombochi. Dera la wamwamuna aliyense limakhala pa mahekitala 7 mpaka 40, zazikazi zimakhala zochepa pamenepa, ali ndi gawo lokwanira mahekitala 10.
Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, ana akhandwe oterewa amatseka mwamphamvu chitseko cha nyumba yawo ndikugumuka. Izi ndi zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa thupi la nyama kumatsikira madigiri 1.8. Kutetemera kumatenga pafupifupi Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Amayamba kusiya nyumba zawo kutentha kwawindo kukayamba kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 15. Kuti apulumuke nthawi yozizira, mwana amafunika kuwonjezera mafuta ambiri.
- Kukonzekera kubereka kumachitika pamene chaka choyamba cha moyo chafika.
- Wamkazi amakhala ndi pakati masiku 50, ndipo nthawi yobadwa imakhala mu Meyi - Okutobala.
- Nthawi zambiri kulibe ana osapitilira khumi.
- Kuzungulira amayi, ma hedgehogs amakhala mpaka atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, kenako ndikupanga moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 5.
Ana Achipululu
Woimira nyamayi ndi wachidwi kwambiri, chithunzi chake chingaoneke pansipa. African pygmy hedgehog sikhala hibernate, mosiyana ndi abale ake ena.
Ana amapanga phokoso lachete ngati kukuwa kapena kukuwa, koma akuwona kuti ndiwopsa, amatha kufuula kwambiri. Oimira mtunduwu nthawi zambiri amabweretsedwa ngati ziweto.
Singano yayitali
Monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, oimira amtunduwu ali ndi singano zazitali, ngakhale ndi miyezo ya hellish. Singano sikuti amangokhala motalika, komanso komanso wandiweyani. Kutalika kwa singano kumatha kufika 4-4.2 cm.
Zofunika. Mtunduwu walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira la Uzbekistan.
Algeria hedgehog
Ma hedgehogs aku Algeria amatchedwanso ma hedgehogs oyendayenda ndi ma hedgehogs aku North Africa. Amakhala ku North Africa kuchokera ku Sahara kupita ku Libya ndi Morocco. Amakhalanso kumadera akumwera kwa France ndi Spain. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hedgehogs awa adatumizidwa ku Malta ndi zilumba za Canary.
Kutalika kwake, amafikira 20 cm sentimita, ndi kulemera pafupifupi 200-600 gramu. Singano amaphimba mbali, nape ndi kumbuyo. Pali chophimba chakuda kumaso. Mchira wake ndi wafupi. Makutu ndi akulu. Mataka ataliitali. Pali zala zisanu pachilichonse. Maski ndi ma thumba ndi zofiirira ndipo m'mimba nzoyera. Ubweya ndi wofewa, woyera, wodera kapena wakuda. Mtundu wa singano ndi wamtambo wonyezimira.
Malo okhala zachilengedwe zopezeka ma hedgehogs ndi malo otentha, chipululu komanso minda.
Amagwira usiku. Izi ndi nyama imodzi. Samagwa. Ma hedgehogs aku North Africa amadya tizilombo, zolengedwa zazing'ono, ma invertebrates, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Adani a hedgehogs aku Algeria ndi agalu amtchire, mbalame zolusa ndi anthu. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wawo m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 4-6, ndipo ali mu ukapolo amakhala mpaka zaka 10.
Mimba mu hedgehogs ku Algeria kumatenga masiku 35. Pakhoza kukhala kuchokera kwa mwana 1 mpaka 9 wakhungu pa zinyalala.
Ma hedgehogs obadwa kumene kutalika amafikira masentimita 2,5 mpaka 300. Amakula mwachangu, m'masabata atatu amayamba kuchoka chisa. Ali ndi milungu 4-5 wazaka, amadya zakudya zolimba. Wamkazi amadyetsa ana masiku 30-34. Pa masiku 40-43 amayamba kudzidalira. Kutha msamba ku Algeria hedgehogs kumachitika mu miyezi 10-12.
Ma hedgehogs aku Algeria alembedwa mu Berne Convention. Asayansi atulutsa mitundu yambiri ya ma hedgehogs oyenda: zoyera, chokoleti, utsi, khofi, Albino ndi zina zotero.
Algerian hedgehog (Atelerix algirus).
Amur kapena Chinese hedgehog
Amur hedgehogs amakhala ku China, Korea, Manchuria ndi Primorye. Kunja, ma Amur hedgehogs ndi ofanana ndi ma hedgehogs wamba, koma mtundu wawo ndi wopepuka. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 18 mpaka 26 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kumasiyana magalamu 600 mpaka 1092. Singano ndizitali, mpaka kufika mamilimita 24. Mtundu wa singano zambiri ndi wofiirira. Ubweya wake ndi wofinya komanso wowuma, pamimba ndi zofiirira.
Ma hedgehogs aku China amakhala m'nkhalango, zigwa zamtsinje, minda m'malo otsetsereka okutidwa ndi nkhalango zowuma. Ma hedgehogs amenewa amateteza malo osambira, okwera komanso malo olima. Amur hedgehogs amadya zowuluka, tizilombo, ndipo nthawi zina, zipatso zamera.
Ma hedgehogs achi China amagwira ntchito nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku, ndipo masana amapumula zisa. Nthawi yamvula, amatha kusaka tsiku lonse.
Amur hedgehogs ndi nyama zapadera.
Nthawi yoswana ya hedgehogs aku China igwera pa Marichi-Epulo. Mu chaka, hedgehog imabereka kamodzi. Mu zinyalala za hedgehogs zaku China, mutha kukhalapo ana atatu mpaka 8. Kutha mu Amur urchins kumachitika 2 years.
White hedgehog
Ma hedgehogs oyera okhala ndi timiyala amatchedwanso zoyera-mabere kapena nsapato zakum'mawa zaku Europe. Ku Russia, amapezeka ku Southern Urals, amakhalanso ku Isthmus of Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Greece, Israel, Iran, Europe, Balkan ndi chisumbu cha Kerete.
Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 35. Kulemera, kutengera nthawi ya chaka, kuyambira 600 mpaka 1230 magalamu. Makutu awo ndi ozungulira, afupiafupi, ali pafupifupi osawoneka chifukwa cha ubweya. Pali zala zisanu pamiyendo. Kumbuyo ndi mbali ndizotetezedwa ndi singano masentimita 2,5-5,5 kutalika. Ubweya wake ndi wowuma komanso wowuma. Pamalo pomwe pali chifuwa.
Ma hedgehogs oyera okhala ndi maonekedwe oyera amawoneka ofanana ndi ma hedgehogs wamba.
Mutu ndi mbali zake ndi zofiirira zakuda, ndipo khosi ndi m'mimba ndizowawa kwambiri. Singano pamunsi ndi malangizo ndi zoyera, ndipo pakati pali zingwe zofiirira komanso zakuda. Pamimba, ubweya ndi wofiirira.
Zoyala zokhala ndi mabere oyera zimakhala m'mapululu, m'mapiri a mapiri, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa ngalande. Amapezekanso m'mapaki, mabwalo ndi minda.
Ma hedgehogs oyera okhala ndi minyewa amagwira ntchito usiku. Amuna amapuma m'misasa yachilengedwe, ndipo amapanga zisa zokha nthawi yachisanu. Kutetemera kwawo kumatha kuyambira mwezi wa Seputembala mpaka Marichi. Ma hedgehogs oyera okhala ndi tsitsi loyera amazindikira kuzizira. Panthawi yozizira, amataya pafupifupi 35% ya kulemera kwawo, motero ayenera kuchoka ndi kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 600 kwa dzinja. Nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka zingapo mu zisa zomwezi. Adani a hedgehogs yoyera-yoyera ndi ma badger, kadzidzi, zonyansa ndi marten ena.
Nyengo yakubala imagwera nyengo yonse yotentha. Chidacho chimakhala ndi mwana m'modzi pachaka. Mu litala limodzi pamatha kukhala ana 3-8.
Zingwe zamtundu uwu wa hedgehogs zitha kukhala ndi mtundu wina, koma nsonga ndi maziko zimakhala zoyera nthawi zonse
Indian hedgehog
Ma hedgehogs aku India amakhala ku Pakistan, Northwest India. Thupi la hedgehog ili ndi mphamvu, lozungulira.
Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana kuyambira 14 mpaka 23 sentimita. Kulemera ndi 300-400 magalamu. Zilonda ndi mchira wake ndizifupi. Muzzle umakhala pamwamba ndi chigoba chakuda. Kutsogolo, m'mimba ndi masaya kuti mbee. Singano ndizakuda komanso zoyera.
Ma hedgehogs aku India amagwira ntchito usiku. Ma hedgehogs awa, ma homebodies, nthawi zambiri samasiya masamba awo. Masana amabisala m'malo obisalirako zachilengedwe. Ma hedgehogs aku India samagona kubisala, koma ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira, ndiye kuti amatha kugona kwakanthawi. Nyengo yakuswana ili mu Julayi-Sepemba. Mu litala limodzi pali 1d 5 hedgehogs.
Indian hedgehog ndi mtundu wosowa komanso wophunzitsidwa bwino, umakonda kukhala pafupi ndi zitsamba ndi mbewu.
Waku hedgehog waku Itiyopiya
Hedgehog waku Itiyopiya kapena wokhazikika kwa singano amakhala ku North Africa, m'chipululu cha Sahara, Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Tunisia, Ethiopia, Peninsula ya Arabia ndi Persian Gulf.
Kutalika kwa hedgehog waku Itiopiya ndi masentimita 15-25. Kulemera kwa thupi kumachokera ku 400 mpaka 700 magalamu. Mtundu wa singano ndi wofiirira. Masaya, mphumi, khosi ndi m'mimba ndizoyera. Pali chophimba chakuda pamphumi.
Ma hedgehogs okhala ndi singano yayitali amakhala kumapeto ndi mapiri owuma, omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso pafupi ndi mafutawo.
Ma hedgehogs aku Itiyopiya amatha kufa ndi njala mpaka masiku 10. Amawonetsa zochitika usiku, ndipo masana amabisala m'miyala. Zingwe zimapangidwa m'maenje ankhandwe. Nthawi yozizira imabisala, koma nthawi zina imadzuka kukasaka. Adani a hedgehogs ataliitali ndi mbalame zamitundumitundu. Chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo ndi pafupifupi zaka 10.
Nthawi yakubereka, ma hedgehogs aku Itiopiya amatulutsa fungo linalake, malinga ndi momwe amuna kapena akazi anzawo amafuna anzawo. Mimba imatenga masiku 30 mpaka 40. Ma Hedgehogs amabadwa amaliseche, agonthi komanso akhungu, olemera pafupifupi 8-9 magalamu.
Panthawi yakubereketsa, hedgehog waku Itiopiya amatulutsa fungo linalake.
Ma hedgehogs aku Itiyopiki amalimbana ndi zoopsa za tizilombo ndi njoka. Kusatetezeka kwawo kumakhala kwamphamvu 30-40 nthawi zambiri kuyerekeza ndi makoswe omwewo.
South hedgehog waku South Africa
Ma hedgehogs aku South Africa amakhala ku Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Malawi ndi Zambia. Kutalika kwa thupi la hedgehog waku South Africa ndi 18-20 sentimita. Kulemera kwa amuna kumakhala magalamu 280 mpaka 350, zazikazi zimatha kulemera kuchokera 300 mpaka 650 magalamu. Mzere woyera umawoneka bwino pamphumi. Wachikulire amakhala ndi singano pafupifupi 5,000. Makutu ndi ochepa. Mtundu umasinthika, ndipo ma alubino amapezekanso. Mimba imakhala imvi, mchira ndi miyendo yake imakhala yakuda, kupukutira ndi imvi. Kumbuyo kwa thupi kumakhala mbali zingapo za singano zoyera. Malangizo a singano ndi oyera, pakati ndi akuda, ndipo pansi ndi loyera ndi zonona.
Masingano a hedgehog waku South Africa ali ndi utoto wa chokoleti wama bulawuni komanso wakuda.
Ma hedgehogs aku South Africa amakhala m'nkhalango, minda, minda. Amapewa malo okhala ndi zipululu. Usiku, hedgehog imatha kudya chakudya cholemera 1/3 cholemera chake. Amawonetsa zochitika usiku, ndipo masana nthawi yamvula yokha. Masana masana akakhala ochepera maola 11, hedgehogs South Africa hibernate.
Nthawi yakubereketsa ma hedgehogs aku South Africa imachitika mu Okutobala-Epulo. Zachikazi zimabereka ana m'miyala yosiyidwa ya makoswe kapena chimbudzi, zikulumikizana pansi pa dzenje ndi nthambi ndi masamba. Mu zinyalala mumakhala ana kuyambira 2 mpaka 9, amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 8. Tsiku lililonse ma hedgehogs amawonjezera 2 gramu kulemera.
Mzere wa ubweya woyera umawoneka bwino pamphumi cha hedgehog waku South Africa.
Akazi amadyetsa ana mkaka katatu patsiku. Masana, hedgehog amagona pabowo lina. Pa milungu isanu ndi umodzi ya moyo, kukula kwachinyamata kumayamba kusaka ndi amayi ake. Pambuyo pake amayamba kudzidalira. Anthu am'deralo amadyera ma hedgehogs awa nyama yawo. Kutalika kwa moyo wa ma hedgehogs aku South Africa ndi zaka 8-10.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kodi ma hedgehogs amagwera liti?
Monga tidalemba pamwambapa, ma hedgehogs amagwera mu hibernation. Ngakhale ma hedgehogs omwe akukhala mu ukapolo samawoneka ngati akufunika, koma simungathe kunyenga njira yachilengedwe ya nyamayi, njira zama hibernation ndizachizolowezi, chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti chiweto chanu chamtengo wapatali chizithandizidwanso nthawi yachisanu, mwina posachedwa ngati ma hedgehogs okhala munthawi zachilengedwe.
Kuti mupulumuke hibernation, hedgehog imafunikira kudyetsedwa makamaka pakugwa kuti ipange mafuta osungirako oyenera. Mwezi wa Novembala, mudzaona momwe kachidutswaka kamakhalira koopsa, ndipo ngati kuti mumawotcha, uku ndi kuyamba kwa hibernation. Popeza zachilengedwe hedgehogs yozizira zisa zawo, hedgehog zoweta ziyenera kulenga malo pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Kuti muchite izi, kupatula malo obisika kwinakwake mu loggia kapena chapamwamba, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kumeneko kusapitirire 5 digiri C. Ndipo pangani mtundu wa chisa, ikani udzu, masamba owuma, utuchi, nsanza, kenako hedgehog yogona.
Ngati muli ndi hedgehog yakutsogolo yaku Africa, ndiye kuti simuyenera kudandaula za hibernation, popeza mtundu uwu wa hedgehogs sugwera nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chosowa nyengo yachisanu m'malo ake.