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Zingwe zokhala ndi mano
Wakupha chinsomba ( Orcinus orca )
Gulu la asayansi

Ufumu:

Eumetazoi

Chinsinsi:

Pamtunda

zomangamanga:

Cetaceans

Parvotryad:

zinsomba imodzi

Dzina lasayansi yapadziko lonse

Ganges dolphins (Platanistidae)
Dolphin (Delphinidae)
Narwhal (Monodontidae)
Inii (Iniidae)
Sperm Whale (Physeteridae)
Kumiza Anangumi (Kogiidae)
Milomo (Ziphiidae)
Ma dolphin a Laplat (Pontoporiidae)
Porpoises (Phocoenidae)
Mtsinje wa Dolphins (Lipotidae)

Zingwe zam'manja (. Balati Odontoceti) - mmodzi wa awiri parvos ano cetacean. Mosiyana ndi anamgumi a baleen, zibwano zawo zimakhala ndi mano. Makina okhala ndi mano ndi chakudya cham'madzi makamaka pa nsomba, cephalopods ndipo, nthawi zina, nyama za m'madzi za m'madzi.

Kaswili

Ma whales ambiri okhala ndi utali wamtali (kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 1.2 m mpaka 20 m) ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa anamgumi a baleen (toothless). Ndi sperm whale wokha womwe ungafanane ndi iwo mu kukula kwake. Mitundu otsala amaonedwa zinsomba yaing'ono kapena sing'anga. Kusiyana kwina ndikuti mu mapanga am'makomo pali chitseko chimodzi chammphuno chomwe chimatseguka pamutu wamutu. Nsagwada ya m'munsi ndi yofupikirapo kuposa chigaza ndipo anathamangitsidwa kunja. Kumva phokoso ma siginalo ndi amapilira limba kugwirizana ndi ngalande m'mphuno bwino anakamba.

Mano a mitundu ina amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi zochulukirapo, mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi zana, ngati ma dolphin ena, kutengera mitundu, ali ndi mano 1 mpaka 240. Mu narwhal Komabe, dongosolo mano ali incisors awiri okha, amene kumanzere akufotokozera mu tusk ndi chimene chimafika horizontally ku pachibwano. M'ming'alu yaying'ono, kuphatikiza zofunikira, mano awiri ang'ono kutsogolo ndi molar amodzi amawonekera pataya chapamwamba, koma amapezeka patapita nthawi. Palibe konse mano pa nsagwada yapansi.

Amuna pafupifupi mano, milomoyo, mano ndi mawonekedwe zosowa kwambiri.

Khalidwe

Ma whagi ambiri okhala ndi mano ndi osambira abwino kwambiri komanso othamanga. Mitundu yaying'ono nthawi zina imasambira pamafunde ndikumakonda kuyenda ndi zombo. Makamaka zambiri mu ntchito imeneyi pali anamgumiwa amadziwika kudumpha awo acrobatic. M'mapanga ofala, zizindikiro zomveka zimathandiza kwambiri kulumikizana. Kuphatikiza pa milungu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana pakati pa anthu, ma whale otulutsa mawu amatulutsa mawu amtundu wa akupanga omwe amakhala ngati sonar. Pamene kusaka, luso limeneli chimodzi ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. Zinsomba zambiri zokhala ndi zoweta zimakhala m'magulu a nyama ziwiri kapena zitatu mpaka zingapo. Maguluwa, amatha kugwirizanitsa kwakanthawi ndi magulu ena ndikupanga nkhono zazikazi zingapo. zinsomba imodzi angathe ubale chikhalidwe ndi bwino. Akasaka masukulu a nsomba, amawonetsa mgwirizano wogwirizana kwambiri. Paukapolo, mitundu ina imawonetsa luso lotha kuphunzira komanso kufunitsitsa kuphunzira, ndichifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri azamanyama amaziona ngati imodzi mwa zolengedwa zanzeru kwambiri.

Gawo

Mivi yopanda miyala imagawidwa m'mabanja otsatirawa:

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mabanja a maula ophatikizika amaphatikizidwira kukhala mabanja abwino kwambiri. Ndi ndi wakuti anamgumiwa, porpoises, ndi narwhals ndi zogwirizana kwambiri. Nthawi zina amadziwika kuti ndi onenepa kwambiri. Komabe, kuyanjana kwa ma dolphin a Laplacian, lacustrine, Gangan ndi ma inph mu dolphin yapamwamba ya mitsinje sikulakwa. Ngakhale oimira mabanja onse amakhala madzi abwino, iwo ananyamuka ndipo anayamba payekhapayekha mzake. Sperm whales ndi milomo ndi mabanja achikale kwambiri achimaso tovala ndipo si abale apafupi ndi banja lina lililonse.

Toothy whales poyamba adawoneka ngati gawo loyima pawokha la cetacean detachment, koma kafukufuku wina wawonetsa kuti ma cetaceans amatsika kuchokera ku artiodactyls ndipo, chifukwa chake, ayenera kuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la artiodactyl, kapena kufalikira uku kuyenera kuzindikirika ngati paraphyletic ndipo, motero, kosavomerezeka. Pa nkhani imeneyi, m'madzi zimakhala anatumizidwa ku detachment ogawika-hoofed monga infraorder ndi, motero kutaya udindo wa detachment ufulu ndi suborders cetacean anali reorganized mu squads parietal.

Mitundu ya chinsomba

Ma whagi ambiri okhala ndi zala zambiri amakhala otsika kwambiri kukula kwa bowa wam'maso. Yekha umuna chinsomba chingayerekezedwe ndi iwo mu ukulu wake. Mitundu yotsalayo imawonedwa ngati chinsomba chaching'ono kapena chapakatikati. Kusiyana kwina ndikuti nkhono zazimaso zimakhala ndi mphuno imodzi.

Mano ena mitundu amakonzedwa ndi osiyana. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi zochulukirapo, mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi zana, ngati ma dolphin ena. Pachithunzichi, mano amapanga zinthu ziwiri zokha, pomwe kumanzere kumayamba kupanga kachasu, kamene kamayambira kuchokera pachiwono. Mu narwhals wamng'ono, kuwonjezera incisors ziŵiri mano yaing'ono kutsogolo ndi chimodzi molar kuonekera mu nsagwada chapamwamba, koma amagwa pa nthawi. Palibe konse mano pa nsagwada yapansi.

Pafupifupi amuna okhala ndi mano, milomo, mano amakhala ndi mawonekedwe.

Khalidwe

Ambiri imodzi zinsomba zosiyana ndi kusala osambira. Mitundu yaying'ono nthawi zina imasambira pamafunde ndikumakonda kuyenda ndi zombo. Makamaka nthawi zambiri pamtunduwu pali ma dolphin omwe amadziwika chifukwa chodumphadumpha. Pakati zinsomba imodzi, phokoso chizindikiro kumathandiza lalikulu. Kuphatikiza pa azungu angapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kulankhulana pakati pa anthu, agwada ochita kupanga amakhala ndi ma frequency omwe akupanga omwe amawathandiza pa gawo la sonar. Makamaka pakasaka, nzeru yachisanu ndi chimodziyi ndiyofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo. Ambiri imodzi zinsomba amakhala m'timagulu kuyambira awiri kapena atatu nyama zingapo. Maguluwa, amatha kugwirizanitsa kwakanthawi ndi magulu ena ndikupanga magulu a anamgumi ambiri. Mahava okhala ndi manja amatha kuyanjana zovuta komanso kuchita bwino. Pamene kusaka sukulu ya nsomba, amasonyeza mgwirizano kwambiri olemera. Pokhala muukapolo, mitundu ina imawonetsa kuthekera komanso kufunitsitsa kuphunzira, ndichifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri azamanyama amaziona ngati imodzi mwazinyama zanzeru.

Kuchulukitsa

zinsomba imodzi anawagawa mabanja zotsatirazi:

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mabanja a maula ophatikizika amaphatikizidwira kukhala mabanja abwino kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kuti dolphin, porpoises, ndi narwhals ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Nthawi zina zimachitika kwa superfamily wa anamgumiwa. Komabe, kuyanjana kwa ma dolphin a Laplacian, lacustrine, Gangan ndi ma inph mu dolphin yapamwamba ya mitsinje sikulakwa. Ngakhale oimira mabanja onsewa amakhala m'madzi oyera, adadzuka ndikudziyimira pawokha. Anangumi ndi milomoyo ndi mabanja wakale kwambiri wa zinsomba imodzi si achibale kuti mabanja ena aliwonse.

Baleen anamgumi

Baleen whales agawidwa m'mabanja anayi:

1 mikwingwirima ( Balaenopteridae )
Whales Wachiwiri 2 Balaenidae
Whale wa Grey ( Eschrichtiidae )
4 kumiza Anangumi ( Neobalaenidae )

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka zida za taya, malengedwe a baleen sangadye nyama zazikulu. M'mero mwawo yopapatiza. Masentimita khumi ndi awiri okha. Ndipo amameza chakudya osafuna. Popeza alibe mano.

Pa nsagwada yapamwamba ya anamgumi a baleen amachokera pamipanda ya 360 mpaka 800 yayitali. Kutalika kwa ma mbale kumatha kukhala 20 mpaka 450 cm. Kumene, kutalika zimadalira mitundu, choncho kukula kwa chinsomba yokha. Zolemba izi zimatchedwa "whalebone." Zikhalapo chimodzi pambuyo pa chinzonono. Mtunda kuchokera wina ndi mzake ndi 0.3-1.2 masentimita. Mphepete yamkati ndi pamwamba pa mbale iliyonse zimagawika mzere wochepa thupi komanso wautali. Chotupa chake chimapanga zosefera. Mothandizidwa ndi mzimuwo baleen zinsomba fyuluta zomera ndi madzi. Ndiye kuti, nyama zazing'onoting'ono komanso zomera zomwe zimayandama momasuka m'madzi am'nyanja. Fry ndi zosiyanasiyana trifles nsomba amathanso kugwidwa. The chakudya ankakonda krill chinsomba zinsomba ndi osiyanasiyana zomera nkhanu.

Kuyenda whale

Anangumi amasambira makamaka popanga mizere yoyenda ndi mchira, ndipo chifukwa cha zipsepse zamakutu, amasintha mayendedwe ndikuyenda bwino. Anamgumiwa yachangu kusambira. Sperm whales amatha kusambira mofulumira kwambiri pafupifupi makilomita 37 pa ola limodzi, kupha zigwada pa liwiro la makilomita 55 pa ola limodzi, ndi ma dolphin othamanga - 70 kilometers pa ola limodzi.

Zinsomba zambiri za mano zimakhala ndi mano ambiri, mwachitsanzo, ma dolphin ena ali ndi pafupifupi zana.

Pali zifukwa zingapo chifukwa chimene imodzi zinsomba kusambira Pa thamanga kwambiri.

Khungu lawo limakhala losalala, chifukwa chomwe kukana kumachepa ndipo zimatha kuyenda mosavuta pakati pamadzi. Nthambi zazing'ono zomwe zimadutsa thupi kuchokera kumutu kupita kum mchira, zomwe zimachetsanso kukokoloka, madzi akamayenda kuzungulira thupi la chinsomba. Khungu la zinsomba imodzi ndi chofewa ngati siponji, choncho flexibly Amasintha vuto la madzi. Ziphunzitso zina zimakhulupirira kuti zigawo zapamwamba za mano a zala zam'maso zikumakulirakulira, zimasuluka, zimapangira "mafuta" omwe amachititsa kuti madzi azisokonekera.

Ambiri mwa ma buluku okhala ndi mawonekedwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri, omwe amawathandiza kuwona pansi pamadzi ndi pamadzi, koma, komabe, amawongoleredwa makamaka ndi echolocation. Zinsomba kutumiza angapo zizindikiro phokoso nazindikira chinyezimiro awo.

Chigoba cham'manja chimalankhulana.

Chifukwa cha izi, amapeza nyama, amagwira kukula kwake, kuthamanga kwake ndipo amatha kupanga kuukiraku molondola. Komanso, echolocation chindiletsa zinsomba ku kukumana m'madzi mavuto omwe mwakhama ntchito ndi anamgumiwa mtsinje zokhala m'madzi nabvutika.

Ponena za ma dolphin a mumtsinje, m'mitundu yambiri ndizokhazikika.

Mbali ina yosiyanitsa ndi ma sperm whales ndi kukhalapo kwa mutu wa pilo yayikulu yamafuta, mkati mwake momwe mumakhala chinthu china cha waxy chotchedwa spermaceti. Unyinji wa mankhwala ukufika matani angapo. Kutentha kochepa, spermacet imazizira, ndipo voliyumu yake imakhala yocheperako. Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chake mauna a sperm amafunikira mauna a umuna.

Mu mutu wa zinsomba umuna pali mafuta yaikulu pilo imene otchedwa thumba spermaceti aikidwa.

Mwina imalimbikitsa mawu owongolera ndi otulutsa. Mwina ndikofunikira kwambiri pakumiza nyamayo mwakuya. Pamene umuna chinsomba imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza poipa kwambiri amagwira pali pafupifupi ola limodzi, mpweya ndi anapitiriza mu spermaceti ndi kuteteza umuna chinsomba ku chitukuko cha matenda decompression. Komanso pali mtundu wina womwe umapangitsa kuti umuna uchotsedwe mwa umuna. Spermaceti ikadzitentha, nyamayo imadzuka, ndipo ikangokhala pansi, nangumiyo imayamba kumira.

Dzino chinsomba zakudya

Ankhowa onse ali ndi ulenje wabwino kwambiri. Zakudya zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi cephalopods ndi nsomba.

Zolusa wakupha zinsomba angafikire kutalika mamita 10. Ndiwo okhawo oimira ma cetaceans omwe amadyera nyama zamadzi amchere ofunda, mwachitsanzo, zisindikizo ndi mikango yam'nyanja. Amasaka m'matumba. Iwo amatsutsa osati nsomba, nkhono, akamba, anyani, komanso m'madzi zimakhala Mwachitsanzo, buluu zinsomba.

Ma dolphin amasaka m'matumba.

Nyama za Killer ndi osaka anzeru; amatha kutembenuza madzi oundana ndi ma penguin kuti awaponyere m'madzi ndikuwapeza pazisokonezo. Pamene kusaka mikango nyanja m'madzi a kum'mwera Argentina, wakupha zinsomba ntchito mafunde. Amathanso kuthamangitsa ozunzika m'madzi osaya.

Ma dolphins nthawi zambiri amasaka m'matumba. Iwo anazungulira sukulu ya nsomba ndi kulera iwo pamwamba, ndi pamene anthu payekha kubisa kozama, anamgumiwa muzigwire ndi kuzidya.

Zakudya za Whale Wala

Njira zodyetsera mahafa okhala ndi matendawa zitha kuyimiridwa ndi chitsanzo cha chinsomba. Umuna chinsomba akusowa wambirimbiri chakudya. Chifukwa chake, amakhala nthawi yayitali kufunafuna nyama. Sperm whale imayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzi, nthawi ndi nthawi kupanga pansi pamadzi. Iwo ili pa akuya oposa ola. Kenako imatulukira kuti ipeze mpweya wabwino m'mapapu. Ndipo amapuma kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kupeza gulu la squids, amafuna ake. Pakudya pamadzi otsatira, kumeza unyinji wa zipolopolo, ndikuzichotsa mu paketiyo. Mukamadyetsa, anamgumi amatha kukhala m'magulu abwino a anthu khumi, makumi awiri. Onse pamodzi nyamayi squids mu gulu. Nthawi yomweyo, umuna umakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wolumikizana.

Kuswana kwa chinsomba

zinsomba imodzi moyo m'chigulu. Mating mu akazi ndi amuna, monga lamulo, zimachitika ndi zibwenzi zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, m khola la maula owala, wamwamuna wamkulu amakumana ndi akazi angapo. Male imodzi zinsomba zambiri nkhondo mwaukali pakati pawo, pamene kupulula kuwononga kwambiri adani awo ndi mano lakuthwa.

Nthawi ya bere, kutengera mitundu ya cetacean, imatha kukhala miyezi 10-16.

Akazi onse amabweretsa mwana m'modzi yekhayo. Ana amabadwa mchira choyamba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwa thupi la wakhanda kungakhale gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi la amayi.

Cetaceans alibe milomo, chifukwa chake, ana samatha kuyamwa mkaka. The nipple ukatuluka mwa m'makwinya a khungu umene zambiri amadzibisa, ndi mkaka jekeseni mwachindunji m'kamwa mwana. Mu mkaka wa ma cetaceans onse, mafuta ochulukirapo kwambiri, chifukwa cha izi, ana amakula pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Ambiri mwa ma buluti okhala ndi minyewa yodyetsa ana amadyetsa ana mkaka kwa miyezi inayi, koma kupera sikungakhale kwa iwo, amadyetsa ana awo kwa zaka zingapo.

Mukaona kulakwitsa, chonde sankhani chidutswa cha malemba ndi atolankhani Ctrl + Lowani.

Njira yothandizira

Kapangidwe ka dongosolo kupuma wa zinsomba imodzi

Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)

Killer whale (Orcinus orca)

Zakudya

"Mbedza" zonse ndi osaka abwino. Zakudya za nkhokwezi zimakhala ndi nsomba, cephalopods, ndi zolengedwa zapamadzi. Ambiri toothy zinsomba akhoza kudzitama ambiri mano; ena anamgumiwa, chiwerengero chawo angafikire zana. Orcas omwe amafikira 10 m kutalika ndi okhawo oimilira a cetaceans akusaka nyama zamadzi amadzi amadzi ofunda monga zisindikizo ndi mikango yamadzi, komanso mikango yamtambo.

Heaviside Dolphin (Cephalorhynchus heavisidii)

[Sinthani] Origin

Zinsomba zokhala ndi dzino zazikazi zazikazi zamiyendo inayi zomwe zimayendayenda pamadzi osaya a mitsinje yayikulu zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo. Pang'onopang'ono, nyama zinayamba kukhala nthawi yambiri m'madzi. Mphuno wa nyama anasamukira ku korona pa mutu, nthambi kunsana anali kusanduka, ndipo anthu kutsogolo inasanduka zipsepse. Mchira wasintha.

Ku Peru, whale-leviathan wa prehistoric anapezeka. Asayansi anaganiza kuti kuli nyama zimenezi kale pa mafupawa wosakwatiwa, kapena kani, pa mano akulu. Zotsalira za chinsomba chachikulu cha umuna zimalembedwa zaka 12-13 miliyoni. Nyamayo ndi yamtundu watsopano ndi mitundu, yomwe tsopano inatha, ndipo imatchedwa Leviathan melvillei.

[Sinthani] Maonekedwe

Dongosolo loyanjanalo limagwirizanitsa nyama makamaka zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono. Chokha kupatula ndi umuna wamphongo, womwe utali wawo umafika 16-18 m. Ambiri mwa oimira suborder ndi ochepa, kutalika zambiri si upambana 4.5 m. Palibe tsitsi pamutu. Pakamwa ndi lilime ndizochepa.

Thupi la zinsomba imodzi kawirikawiri mdima pamwamba ndi kuyatsa pansipa, kuwapanga iwo zochepa kuonekera pa madzi. Ngati mutayang'ana chinsomba kuchokera pansi, kuwala kwake kumalumikizana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa pamwamba pamadzi. Mukayang'anidwa kuchokera kumwamba, nyanjayo yakumbuyo imasakanikirana ndimdima wakuya.

[Sinthani] Chibade kapangidwe

Chigoba cha zala zam'maso ndizowoneka modabwitsa, ngakhale mu gawo loyambirira la embyogenis chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe onse amtundu wa chigaza cha zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asymmetry sizinakhazikitsidwe ndendende.Ndizotheka kuti mawonekedwe a mutu wa chigaza adabuka pokhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa mawu ophatikizika ndi zida zomveka, pomwe malekezero amphuno ali pamwamba pa chigawo apadera: amodzi ngati msewu wa mpweya, wina ndikupanga mawu.

Mafupa amphuno samapangidwa bwino ndipo samabisa kumbuyo kwa kutseguka kwammphuno. Maenje awo amawasinthira kumanzere ndikutsegulidwa m'chipinda wamba. Mafupa owonjezera, ophatikizana ndi mafinya amaponderezedwa kwambiri ndikuwaphimba. Chigoba chimakhala ndi zinthu zoyambirira,

M'mapumba ambiri okhala ndi zala, nsagwada zimakwezedwa m'mimba, ndipo pomwepo pamphumi limatuluka ndi chida chamafuta.

[Sinthani] Mano

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mano kumtunda, kutsika, kapena nsagwada zonse ziwiri, ngakhale zina sizikupangika. Mano kuyambira 0/1 kapena 1/0 mpaka pafupifupi 65/58

Pali mitundu 3 ya mano.

Mano osavuta okhala ndi zikhomakhosi zopindika bwino zamkati ndi zigawo zoonda za simenti ndi enamel mu nyama za akulu. Njira yamano yamtunduwu imapezeka mu dolphin-white-barrel, porpoise wamba, pogaya ndi ena. Kuphatikiza pa kugaya, onse ali ndi mano ambiri ogawanidwa.
Kwa mano amtundu wachiwiri, kukulira kwamphamvu kwa simenti yosagwirizana ndi kusowa kwa enamel pamano a akulu ndi chikhalidwe. Achichepere amakhala ndi enamel woonda pa korona. Mano ndi osavuta, oboola pakati, okhala ndi mtundu wambiri kuposa mtundu woyamba, chiwerengero chawo chimafika 30-50. Mzere wamkati umapangidwa bwino kapena osakhalapo. Mano amtunduwu amakhala ndi umuna wokhudzana ndi umuna ndipo, zikuwoneka kuti, ndi chinsonono chamtundu, beluga whale, dolphin, imvi, phale wakupha, Irrawaddy dolphin, ndi chinsomba chaching'ono chopha.
Mano akhungu lokhala ngati lathyathyathya amtundu wachitatu amakhala ndi ulusi wopangidwa bwino kwambiri komanso simenti yodzaza msalo ndipo potero amaphimba dzino lonse, kupatula korona. Komanso, simenti yosanjikiza imakhala yolumikizana ndi enamel wosanjikiza mkati mwa dzino. Chiwerengero cha mano ndi chochepa, ndipo zimangopezeka m'nsagwada zapansi.

Oimira ambiri am'muna opangidwa ndi zinsalu amadziwika ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa chiwerengero cha mano. M'magulu ena, kuchuluka kwa mano m'chiwuno chapamwamba kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi m'munsi, mwa ena, m'malo mwake, m'chiwambamwamba chapamwamba kuchuluka kwa mano kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kumunsi, kachitatu kuchuluka kwa mano kumapeto.

[Sinthani] dongosolo logaya

Njira yogaya chakudya imadziwika ndi kupatukana kwathunthu ndi kosatha kwa kupuma. Ili ndi mbali zazikuluzikulu zotsatirazi.

Chilankhulo, mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi, zimakhala ndi ntchito yosiyana. Popeza imakhala yam'manja kwambiri, imayendetsa khola logwira mkamwa, imalikankhira pakhosi ndikuletsa madzi kuti isalowe.
Thambo lofewa limatayika.
Magawo oyamba am'mimba am'mimba amaphimbidwa mkatimo ndi epithelium yamtundu, yomwe mwachionekere imawateteza kuti asawonongeke ndi mbali zolimba za chakudya chonsecho.
M'mimba muli ambiri chipinda, minofu. Magawo omaliza am'mimba, mwachiwonekere, akukhudzidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa chakudya, chifukwa kapangidwe kake ndi kofanana ndi kapangidwe ka matumbo.
Cecum kulibe mitundu yambiri, ndipo matumbo samasiyanikiratu.

[Sinthanitsani]

Kugonana kwamanyazi kumadziwonetsera kwambiri mu kukula kwa zinyama. Amuna a mitundu yambiri ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi.

Mitundu ina ilinso ndi kusiyana kwina. Mwachitsanzo, mwaimuna ahagwada wakupha, ntchito yotsala imakhala yapamwamba kuposa yazikazi, kwa amuna amphongo, phokoso limakhala lodziwika.

[kusintha] Kusuntha

Mahava amayenda makamaka pamtunda wopendekeka wa caudal. Zipsepse zamakutu zimathandizira kusintha komwe zikuyenda, komanso kukhala bwino.

Mahava okhala ndi mano osambira mokongola. Ma dolphin othamanga kwambiri amasambira. Mwachitsanzo, chinsomba cha umuna chimatha kuthamanga mpaka 37 km / h, chinsomba chopha mpaka 55 km / h, ndipo mitundu ina ya ma dolphins imathamanga mpaka 70 km / h.

Pali malingaliro angapo omwe amafotokozera chifukwa chake ma cetaceans amatha kufikira kuthamanga kwambiri.

Khungu la zolengedwa zamtunduwu ndizosalala, ndipo izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kwambiri kukana ndikuwathandiza kuyenda momasuka kudutsa mzere wamadzi. Friction imatsitsidwanso ndi mitengo yaying'ono yochokera kumutu kupita kum mchira molingana ndi kumene madzi amayenda mozungulira thupi la nyama zawo. Akatswiri ena asayansi amati pamwamba pa thupi la chinsomba chimakutidwa ndi khungu laling'ono, limasinthasintha ndi madzi.

Malinga ndi lingaliro la ofufuza ena, masanjidwe apamwamba a khungu lawo amakula mosalekeza, ndikupanga "mafuta" omwe amachepetsa mkangano wamadzi pa thupi la nyama.

[Sinthani] Zakudya Zabwino

Oimira onse a nkhono zokhala ndi zinsalu, mosiyana ndi baleen, amadya nyama. Kugwira nyama zodyedwa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuyamwa, zomwe zimawalola kukoka nsomba zingapo kapena nkhono zamkamwa pakamwa kamodzi. Zakudya zawo ndi nsomba, cephalopods, ndi crustaceans.

Anangumi ambiri okhala ndi mivi ndiwosaka bwino. Nthawi zambiri amasaka m'magulu, akudya nyama yoyandikira, ngati mikango kapena mimbulu. Pali nthawi zina pamene gulu la owapha amapha nyama limasaka bwino chimbalangondo ndipo ngakhale chinsomba cha buluu.

Pafupifupi mapanga onse okhala ndi timadzi tosambira timatha kusambira mwachangu, chifukwa chazakudya. Zina zimatha kudumphira pansi kwambiri komanso nthawi yayitali.

[Sinthani] Kubalana ndi ana

Zinsalu zokhala ndi mano zimasungidwa ndizoweta. Amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zibwenzi zingapo, mwachitsanzo, pagulu la sperm whales, amuna amphamvu amuna ndi akazi angapo. Nthawi zambiri mikangano yamphongo imakhala pakati pa chinsomba cham'muna, pomwe nyama ndi mano awo imavulaza adani awo.

Mimba, kutengera mtunduwu, imatha kukhala miyezi khumi mpaka khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi iliyonse, wamkazi amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi yekhayo. Amabadwa mchira-woyamba. Kutalika kwa koloko kumafikira kukula kokulirapo, imatha kukhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi la amayi.

Ma cetace onse alibe milomo, motero sangayamwe. Mwana akamva ludzu, nipple imatulutsa khola, komwe nthawi zambiri imabisa, ndipo mkaka umalowetsedwa mkamwa mwa mwana.

Mkaka wa ma cetaceans onse amakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, motero ana awo amakula msanga. Mitundu yambiri imadyetsa ana awo mkaka pafupifupi miyezi 4, kupera kwawo nthawi zina kumadyetsa kwa zaka zingapo.

Zinsalu zokhala ndi mano zofika zaka 2-6.

Zakudya za nangumi za buluu

Nyangumi wa buluu ndi woimira gulu la anamgumi a baleen. Ndipo ili ndi njira yotsatira yodya. Nyangumi imapeza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa krill. Kapena magulu ena okongola a zachilengedwe za planktonic kwa iye. Amasambira kuwatsogolera, natsegula pakamwa pake mwamphamvu. Pakamwa pa chinsomba chowongoka, mumakhala mtundu winawake. Chifukwa chake imatha kutambasulidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa mafupa a chibwano. Komanso ma phukusi apadera pakhosi. Pakamwa lotseguka kwambiri la chinsomba cha buluu limaposa mamilimita 30 pakompyuta. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa krill kumalowa mkamwa. Zachidziwikire kuti pali madzi ambiri. Kuti chitseke pakamwa pake chachikulu, nthawi zambiri chinsomba chimagubuduza kumbuyo kwake. Mwakuti imatseka pansi pa kulemera kwake. Kenako chinsomba ndi lilime lake lamanja anayi chimafinya madzi mkamwa. Madzi amatuluka, ndipo crustaceans amakhalabe mkati. Popeza amasefedwa kudzera pa beru.

Chifukwa kulemera kwa chinsomba cha buluu kumatha kupitilira matani 150, kuyenera kudya kwambiri. Kuti akhalebe ndi moyo. Mwachitsanzo, anamgumi obiriwira amadya matani 3 mpaka 8 a krill patsiku. Chiwerengero cha crustaceans mu misa iyi ndi makumi mamiliyoni zidutswa. Pafupifupi tani imodzi ya krill imatha kuchotsedwa pamadzi nthawi imodzi.

Kanema wokhudza momwe nyambo zam'madzi zimagwirira ntchito

Tithokoze chifukwa chakuchezeraku ndikuwerenga noti.

Mutha kulembetsa ku Channel ndikumakonda. Ngati mukufuna zina zambiri zofananira mu chakudya cha Yandex Zen

Zojambula Zapamwamba za Whale

Ma whale ambiri okhala ndi zowerengeka ndizochepa: kutalika kwake sikupita mamita 4.5. M'mitundu yambiri, nsagwada zimakwezedwa m'mimba, ndipo pamphumi pake pamatuluka chida chamafuta.

Monga dzina lawo limatanthawuza, anamgumi opezeka ndi mano ali ndi mano kumtunda, kutsika, kapena nsagwada zonse ziwiri, ngakhale kuti ena ndi opindika. Mwanjira imeneyi amasiyana ndi abale awo - malengedwe a baleen, omwe ali ndi ma lipule angapo m'malo mwa mano pakamwa pawo - otchedwa "whalebone" (omwe amasefa chakudya kuchokera kumadzi am'nyanja). Komabe, anamgumi okhala ndi mano, amadya nsomba ndi squid, zomwe amazigwira ndikudzigwira m'nsagwada, ali ndi mano ambiri.

Pamene zigamba zokhala ndi zitseko zodzilekanitsidwa ndi kholo lamakedzana lamatsenga lamakono, mafupa a zigaza zawo amasunthidwa kuti apange "mulomo" wautali, ndipo fupa lakutsogolo linasunthira kumtunda kwa chigaza. Kusintha kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi kukulitsa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi komanso kusintha kwa mano kuti mugwire nsomba. Mano a makolo a zinsomba zokhala ndi zifaniziro, monga zodyera zamakono, adasiyanitsidwa kukhala ma incisors, fangs ndi molars, koma kwa nyama yomwe ikudya nsomba ndizosavuta kukhala ndi mzere umodzi wamano ofanana, omwe amawoneka ndi ziphuphu zamakono zambiri zamoto.

Ma dolphin a mumtsinje

Oyambirira kwambiri mwa ma cetaceans oyambiranso ndi a banja la Platanistoidea (dolphins river). Awa ndi anthu okhala ku Yangtze, Ganges, Indus, Amazon, ndi La Plata Bay. Mitundu yonse isanu ya banja ili siyokhala ndi magwero amodzi, koma ali ofanana wina ndi mzake chifukwa cha kufanana kwachilengedwe.

Ali ndi kutalika kwamaso ndi timaso tating'onoting'ono, ndipo mitundu ina ndi yakhungu kwathunthu ndipo imawongoleredwa ndi echolocation.

Amazon River Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)

Sperm whale

Banja la Physeteridae (sperm whale) limaphatikizapo woimira wamkulu kwambiri kwa chinsomba chokhala ndi ukalamba - umuna wa umuna. Imatha kufikira kutalika kwa 18 metres.

Sperm whale (Physeter catodon)

Achibale ake - umuna wocheperako komanso wocheperako - ndiocheperako, ndimutu wocheperako.

Wala Sperm Whale (Kogia breviceps)

Sperm whales ndi anthu okhala m'madzi otentha komanso otentha; malo ake ndi ochepa mpaka 40º a kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa mapiri. Amuna achikulire okha ndi omwe angafike kumapeto kwa ayezi. Amakhala makamaka m'madzi akuya kutali ndi m'mphepete mwa miyala yotsika.

Milomo

Banja la Ziphiidae (milomo) lidatchedwa dzina lankhondo lalitali, lotchuka.

Pafupifupi mitundu 20 ya nyamazi imadziwika. Ambiri am'banjali ndi osowa kwambiri, ndipo ena amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zakufa zomwe zatsukidwa.

Northern Swimmer (Berardius bairdii) - imodzi mwamilomo yayitali kwambiri

Amakhala ponseponse mu nyanja zamchere, amakonda madzi akuya pafupi ndi malire a alumali, malo otsetserako, phazi lalitali.

Malonjezo

Oimira banja (Phocoenidae) adalowa m'malo otentha ndikuyenda m'madzi otentha a Miocene ndi Pliocene (zaka 7 miliyoni zapitazo). Masiku ano zimapezeka munyanja zonse.

Poyerekeza ndi ma cetaceans ena, ma porpoises ndi ochepa kwambiri: palibe m'modzi mwa mabanja asanu ndi amodzi omwe amaposa mamita 2.5 kutalika. Mano awo amapindika pambuyo pake ndipo amafanana ndi chisel mu mawonekedwe.

California porpoise (Phocoena sinus) - mitundu yosavutikira

Ma dolphins

Banja la dolphin (Delphinidae) ndi gulu laling'ono lomwe lingatengeredwe kumapeto kwa Miocene, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi zaka 10 miliyoni. Izi ndizambiri komanso zosiyana kwambiri kuposa ma cetaceans onse. Mpaka pano, mitundu 36 ya ma dolphin ndiyodziwika.

Anthu ambiri m'banjamo ali ndi mano m'nsagwada, mkokomo wam'maso, mphumi komanso kuwala kwapadera.

Dolphin wa Bottlenose akuwonetsa mawonekedwe amtunduwu wamtunduwu.

Munthu wamkulu kwambiri pabanjapo ndi whale wopha. Izi zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amizeremizere yaku ziphuphu zakutsogolo komanso kusawombetsa.

Killer whale (Orcinus orca) amatuluka m'madzi

Ma dolphin ena amakhala m'madzi a ma hemispheres onse, kupatula kumalo otentha, mitundu ina imakhala m'madzi otentha.

Monga anamgumi ena okhala ndi mano, ma dolphin amalankhula makamaka kudzera m'mawu.

Beluga whale ndi narwhal

Oimira awiri a banja la Narwhal (Monodontidae) - beluga whale ndi narwhal - amakhala kumadzi a kumpoto kokha, makamaka mkati mwa Arctic. Nyama izi sizabwino kwambiri, zilibe ndalama zolipira.

Maonekedwe a thupi la narwhals ndi ma beluga whale ndi ofanana, koma omalizawo ndi ochepa. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi mafuta osiyanitsidwa ndi madzi am'nyanja.

Narwhal imapezeka kumpoto kwa Russia ndi Canada, kudera la chilumba cha Svalbard.

Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) - ali ndi chidwi. Awa ndi dzino lotukuka, lopindika patapita nthawi imodzi