Disembala 9, 2019 8:02 | Chaka chino tinabwera ku China kuchokera ku China kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu kuti tidzakhale ndi pandas. Nyama ndizodabwitsa komanso zosowa. Koma ngati mungafunse munthu wamba: kodi panda ndiyani? Pafupifupi aliyense adzayankha - zimbalangondo.
Koma kenako asayansi adabwera ku yankho lomwe limawoneka losavuta kalekale.
Panali nthawi pomwe akatswiri ena owonera zinyama akukhulupirira kuti panda ikuyenera kukhala yochokera ku ma fodya. Ena amakhulupirira kuti pandas ndi abale a akambuku, nyalugwe ngakhale nkhandwe. Koma, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, asayansi adachita kafukufuku wa zikopa zinayi za panda yayikulu, chifukwa chake zidadziwika kuti panda ndi woimira wakale wa banja la chimbalangondo omwe adalipobe mpaka pano. Kuphatikiza apo, zidapezeka kuti inali panda yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi kholo la zimbalangondo. Chifukwa chake, nzeru wamba pamapeto pake zidapambana ndipo panda idadziwika kuti chimbalangondo.
Panda amasiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina chifukwa zimakhala ndi mchira wautali.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti Wachinayi wakale amatcha panda - syunmao, yomwe imamasuliridwa ku Russia kuti "mphaka."
M'mabuku a mbiri yakale aku China komanso m'mabuku a Chitchaina, mwachitsanzo, zophatikiza zakale zaku China, panda idatchulidwa zaka zoposa 3,000 zapitazo. Ngakhale, malinga ndi asayansi, ma pandas akhala padzikoli kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Koma padziko lonse lapansi anaphunzira za nyama zabwino izi zaka zoposa zana zapitazo. Chifukwa chake ku Europe, panda inali yotchuka mu 1869. Ndipo kuthengo, asayansi aku Europe adaziwona zokha mu 1913.
Khola lalikulu, kapena chimbalangondo - Ailuropoda melanoleuca - ndi nyama yodabwitsa kuchokera ku banja la chimbalangondo.
Panda wamkulu ndi nyama yayikulu, kutalika kwa thupi lake lalikulu kumayambira ku 110 mpaka 180 cm. Kutalika kwa nyama yomwe ili m'mbali kumafikira mpaka masentimita 70. Kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi pafupifupi 15 cm.
Panda wamkulu amalemera pafupifupi 0,5-120 kg, koma anthu olemera mpaka 180 kg amapezeka.
Mutu wa pandala ndi wamkulu ndi nkhope yosalala, nsagwada zamphamvu ndi makutu akulu. Mano akuluakulu a chimbalangondo cha nsungwi ndi osiyana ndi mano a zimbalangondo zina chifukwa chofunafuna kutafuna kwa msungwi.
Miyendo ya ma pandas ndi yaying'ono mosalingana ndi thupi - malekezero amtundu komanso wamfupi okhala ndi ubweya, miyendo yozungulira yozungulira yokhala ndi zibwano zazikulu zakuthwa.
Zovala za pandas ndi zoyambira zala zili ndi mapaundi. Pali miyendo isanu ndi umodzi pamiyendo yakutsogolo. Ngakhale asayansi amawona chala chachisanu ndi chimodzi ngati kukula kwa mafupa, mothandizidwa ndi momwe pandai imaphwanya bamboo. Chala chachisanu ndi chimodzichi chimathandizanso chimbalangondo kukwera mosavuta mitengo yayitali.
Pandas ndi zimbalangondo zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa malaya. Mutu wa nyama ndi yoyera, mizere yozungulira maso ndi yakuda. Makutu, mchira, gulu lozungulira nyama paphewa, Mzere wofanana ndi chogwirira ndi miyendo yake ndi yakuda. Chifukwa cha kutakataka, papa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chimbalangondo.
Kuthengo, pandas zazikulu zimakhala m'dziko limodzi mdziko lapansi - ku China. Amatha kupezeka m'chigawo cha Shaanxi, Gansu ndi Sichuan, ku Tibet.
M'mbuyomu, zimbalangondo zinkakhalanso m'nkhalango za bamboo okhala kumapiri ku Indochina kuzilumba za Kalimantan.
Ma Pandas amakhala m'nkhalango za bamboo zomwe sangafikepo, ndipo amakula pamalo okwera mamita 1200 mpaka 500,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kutalika kwa m'nkhalangozi m'nkhalango izi kuyandikira mita 4.
Bamboo nkhalango za panda ndi nyumba, komanso chakudya. Nthawi zambiri dzuwa limalowa mmenemo, ndipo mvula yambiri imakonda kupitilira.
Ubweya wonyowa umateteza panda kuti nyengo isamathere. Kuphatikiza apo, zimbalangondo za bamboo zimatha kuthawira m'miyala yamiyala, m'mapanga komanso mkati mwa mitengo. Ngakhale pali zovuta zambiri, ma pandawa amatha kulumikizana, kotero ndikosavuta kwa iwo kukwera mitengo yayitali nthawi ndi nthawi kuti awone zomwe zikuzungulira, kusewera ndikungopumira panthambi. Koma nthawi zambiri pandas amakonda njira yokhazikika pamtunda. Bamboo zimbalangondo zimasambira bwino. Pansi, panda imayenda pamiyendo inayi. Koma ikhoza kuyimirira pa awiri. Sathamanga mofunitsitsa, pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, akamatopa msanga. Ngakhale m'malo osungirako nyama zanyama amakonda kusewera, kukonza masewera oseketsa.
Nthawi ya chakudya, panda imakhala yokhazikika, yofanana ndi munthu wokhala pansi.
Pandas amaonedwa kuti ndi nyama zodekha komanso osamala, amakonda kukhala chete, kukhala ndi moyo wosiyana. Panda iliyonse ili ndi gawo lake, lomwe lili 4 - 6.5 mita. km Akazi ali ndi masamba ochepa kuposa amuna. Koma chachikazi chimateteza madera ake kwa anthu osawadziwa kuposa amphongo. Magawo achikazi ndi achimuna amatha kudutsana.
Panda amagwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse masana.
Zimbalangondo za bamboo sizimazizira, koma nthawi yozizira ntchito zawo zimachepa, ndipo nyengo yotentha kwambiri chimbalangondo cha bamboo chimatha kubowoka ... Koma nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira, posaka nyengo yabwino, ma panda amapita pansi motsetsereka mpaka 800 m pamwamba pa nyanja.
M'nyengo yotentha, pandas amadzuka, ndipo kutentha kwambiri kumatha kukwera mpaka mikono 4,000.
Nthawi zambiri, panda imakhala chete. Komabe ali ndi liwu lomwe limawoneka ngati mwanawankhosa wolira kuposa kubangula.
Asayansi akunena kuti mwanjira imeneyi pandas amalonjerana. Pandas amalira kawirikawiri, pokhapokha ngati wina kapena china chake chawabweretsa kutentha kwoyera. Panda amachepetsa ululu, kuwopseza, kuthamangitsa, kuwonetsa mano. Pamba ikakhala 'yolimba' iye amafuula. Ndipo pakuvina, amakumana. Ndipo tiana tating'ono timene timakhala tomwe timakhala tofanana ndi tiana tating'ono.
Ngati mukukumbukira komwe pandawa amakhala, zimadziwika kuti chakudya chachikulu cha zimbalangondo ndi bamboo. Zimbalangondo zachikulire zimadya mizu yambiri ndi mitengo yake.
Bamboo ndi ochepa pama calories, choncho zimbalangondo zimayenera kudya 15 mpaka 35 makilogalamu a bamboo patsiku. Ndiye muyenera kutafuna pandas kwa maola 14 patsiku.
Pandas amadya nsungwi pamtundu wa nyama, ndipo panda sangakhale opanda bambo. Ndi kufa kwa nkhalango za bamboo, pandas amamwalanso. Ndibwino kuti bamboo ndi chomera chomwe chimakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo chimamasamba kamodzi kokha m'moyo wake. Choyipa ndichakuti maluwa atatha maluwa, bambo amafa.
Mimba ndi esophagus mwa nyamazi zimakutidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za zotanuka kwambiri za mucous kuti ziziteteza ku kuwonongeka kwa tchipisi cha bamboo. Komabe, dongosolo logaya chimbalangondo la bamboo lasungabe mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a nyama zomwe zimadyedwa. Chifukwa chake, ma pandas amawonjezera zakudya zawo ndi tizilombo tina, mazira, nkhuku ndi nsomba.
Mukatha kudya, pandas amagona, ndikugalamuka ndi njala. Pandas amamwa madzi abwino okhala m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje yamapiri.
Pandas amatha kutha msinkhu osapitirira zaka 4.5, ndipo amayamba kubereka zaka zitatu atatha msinkhu.
Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba ku pandas mu Marichi ndipo imapitilira mpaka chilimwe.
Mimba yaikazi imatenga miyezi itatu mpaka isanu ndi umodzi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa pamachitika pang'onopang'ono kamwana kakulidwe. Koma kuchedwa kwakuthupi kumapereka mwayi kwa mayiyo kuti abereke ana athanzi, otheka kugwira ntchito nthawi yabwino.
"Amanena" kuti wamkazi ali wokonzeka kubereka ndi fungo lachilendo lomwe limachokera ku chinthu chomangidwa ndi zisa zapadera. Amuna, kupikisana, kufunafuna chidwi chake.
Nthawi yomwe mkazi amatha kutenga pakati imatenga masiku 2-7 okha. Amabereka pandas kamodzi pazaka ziwiri.
Chimbalangondo chisanabadwe, wamkazi amakonzera phanga m'nkhalango yamapiri mumtengo wa bamboo.
Ng'ombe zitha kubadwa mu Januware, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira. Nthawi zambiri, panda imakhala ndi mwana wa chimbalangondo chimodzi, koma imakhala iwiri kapena itatu. Zikatero, mayi amadyetsa mwana m'modzi yekhayo, yemwe amamuwona kuti ndi wamphamvu. Ena onse adzawonongedwa. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zachikazi ndi kulephera kudyetsa ana onse.
Ana, pobadwa, ali osathandiza kwenikweni, amalemera kuchokera ku 100 mpaka 120 g komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 16 mpaka 17. Thupi la ana ake limaphimbidwa ndi utoto wochepa thupi wa ubweya woyera, pomwe khungu lak pinki lomwe limakhala ndi malo owoneka bwino lakuda.
M'malo osungira nyama, kuti athe kupulumutsa ana onse obadwa, antchito amasiya mwana mmodzi pafupi ndi wamkazi, ndipo patapita masiku ochepa amadzalowe ndi wina ndikusintha mawonedwe mpaka atakula.
M'malo mwake, panda ndi mayi wosamala kwambiri. Poyamba, satuluka pakhomopo, osasiya chimbalangondocho chokha, ndikumakankhira mwanayo pachifuwa, amamuwadyetsa katatu patsiku, m'miyendo imodzi, ngati kumimba.
Patatha milungu itatu chibadwire, kambuku amatsegula maso ake. Ana aang'onowo amafuula mokweza, mwina kuti chimbalangondo chisawakhumudwitse mwangozi. Amadyetsa mkaka wa amayi pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka. Ana ndi mafoni komanso chidwi, ali ndi chidwi ndi chilichonse, amakhalabe ndi amayi awo kuyambira chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka zitatu. Nthawi yonseyi, panda amasewera nawo, amaphunzitsa maluso ofunikira. Koma mwana wamkulu akamanyamula chimbalangondo, mayi ake akamamulabadira.
Pandas amakula ali ndi zaka zisanu, atakhala pafupi ndi zaka ziwiri ali ndi ana awo. Pandas amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20. Koma zoo zitha kukhala zaka 25.
Pandas adalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Record ngati nyama zodulidwa kwambiri Padziko Lapansi.
Komabe, musaiwale kuti pandas ndi adani. Pandas ndi nyama zanzeru ndipo amayesetsa kuti asakodze munthu. Komabe akhoza kuukira, angaganize kuti munthu akuwopseza ana awo kapena kuwaswa.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe a chidole akuoneka, panda ili ndi thupi lalikulu, zibwano zamphamvu ndi zibwano zakuthwa.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi 2000 miliyoni amakhala ku zilombo.
Ku China, pandas amadziwika kuti ndi chuma padziko lonse, ndipo boma la China limawononga ndalama zambiri kuteteza nyama izi ndi pulogalamu yothandizira kuswana kwa panda.
Khola lalikulu, “chimbalangondo” kapena chimbalangondo ndi chimodzi mwa nyama zosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Panda amadziwika kuti ndi chuma cha dziko la China, ndipo amatha kuphedwa chifukwa chakupha. Boma limasinthira pandas kumalo osungira nyama kwina, pomwe ana onse obadwira kumalo osungira nyama amenewa ndi a China. Prostozoo adapeza chidziwitso chofunikira chazifukwa zoseketsa izi, koma, mwatsoka, nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kusangalatsa.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi amati nyama zakutchire ku banja la a fodya: amakhulupirira kuti anali wamkulu wa fodya. Koma kuyesa kwa ma genetic kunawonetsa kuti panda yayikulu ndi chimbalangondo ndi wachibale wake wapafupi kwambiri - chimbalangondo chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimakhala ku South America. Ndikulondola kuti panda yayikulu ndi mtundu wa chimbalangondo, osati membala wa banja lalikulu la panda.
M'mbuyomu, pandas zazikulu zidagawidwa pafupifupi ku China ndi Vietnam. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2014, kuchuluka kwa ma pandas pa Earth adachokera ku zinyama 1,600, ndipo amakhala m'mapiri okhaokha am'mapiri aku China a Shaanxi, Gansu ndi Sichuan ndi madera ena a Tibet. Kwa moyo wonse, maapoas akuluakulu amasankha nkhalango za bamboo zomwe sizingafike kumtunda kwa nyanja ya 2000-4000 kumtunda, koma nthawi zina, nyengo yachisanu, amatha kupitirira kutalika kwa 800 m kukafunafuna mphukira zatsopano kapena mapesi a bamboo.
Zimbalangondo zakuda ndi zoyera zimasankha zithunthu za bamboo ngati nyumba yawo, osati chifukwa ndi chakudya chawo chachikulu, komanso chifukwa cha malo abwino okhala, omwe amapezeka ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya nsungwi mpaka mamita anayi kutalika. Amuna aamuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi, chifukwa akazi amakhala m'mapiri osatetezeka bwino kuti ateteze ana.
Chiwerengero cha pandas chikuchepa chifukwa cha kudula mitengo komanso kupha anthu. Ubweya wa panda wamkulu umayamikiridwa kwambiri ku Japan, ndipo ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zokwana $ 180,000. Achijapani amagwiritsa zikopa za nyama zokongola izi ngati mphasa zogona ndipo amakhulupirira kuti maloto omwe amawoneka pakhungu lotere ndi aulosi.
Kusaka a Panda ndi koletsedwa ku China, ndipo munthu akhoza kupatsidwa moyo wakufa kwa nyama yakufa. Komabe, chifukwa chachikulu chakutha kwa chimbalangondo cha nsungwi chikuchokerabe nkhalango yonse, malo ake okhala.
Chimbalangondo chakuda ndi choyera chimakakamizidwa kuyendayenda nthawi zonse, chifukwa chakudya chake chachikulu, nsungwi, chimafa kwathunthu maluwa. Bamboo samakonda kuphuka, zaka 20-100 zilizonse, koma maluwa amatenga madera akuluakulu, ndipo m'badwo wotsatira wa bamboo udzaonekera mderali muzaka zisanu mpaka khumi.
Malo okhala ndi minda adayamba kuwonekera pamayendedwe osamukirako a panda, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kukonzanso kwawo kusakhale kosatheka. Nyamayi idamangidwa m malo ochepa.
Panda wamkulu ali ndi thupi lopanda mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe ake. Imalemera lounger wokongola kuyambira 17 mpaka 160 kilogalamu, ndipo imafikira mamita 1,2-1.8. Mchira wa panda ndi wautali wa chimbalangondo - masentimita 10-15. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo ndipo ali ndi zikhadabo zazitali zakuthwa. Pamunsi pa chala chilichonse, matumba opanda kanthu amapangidwa mwaluso, zomwe zimathandiza panda kugwira mwamphamvu ngakhale nthambi zowonda.
Pamiyendo yakutsogolo, chimbalangondo cha nsungwi chimakhala ndi zala zisanu ndi chimodzi - zisanu ndi zabwinobwino, ndipo chachisanu ndi chimodzi, "chala", fupa lakuthwa bwino. Zala zisanu ndi imodzi zimathandizira panda kumatha kupirira bwino ngakhale ndi timitengo tating'ono ta bamboo.
Pali nthano yokhudza momwe ma panda akuluakulu amapezera ubweya wachilendo chotere. Nthanoyo imati nthawi ina padakhala msungwana yemwe amawakonda kwambiri ndipo amawasamalira. Koma kenako kunavumba kwambiri, mtsikanayo anadwala namwalira. Pandas achisoni kwambiri, adalira motero ndikupukutira m'maso ndi mawondo awo, adagundika miyendo yawo m'makutu awo, kukumbatirana wina ndi mnzake, komwe kumadumphira pansi mvula ikadali ndi zikopa pakhungu lawo - mawanga akuda kuzungulira maso, makutu akuda, mapewa akuda, kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Nyama sizinathe kutsuka khungu.
Ngakhale panda wamkulu amatengedwa ngati nyama yodabwitsa, chakudya chachikulu chomwe amadya ndi bamboo - patsiku lomwe nyamayi imadya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 30 a chomerachi, amakonda kudya mitundu 30 ya msungwi 300 womwe umamera ku China. Wachikulire amatha kudya mpaka matani 10 a bamboo pachaka. Mimbulu yam'mimba ya nyama ndi m'mimba yokutidwa ndi minofu ya mucous, yomwe imatchinjiriza kuti isawonongeke ndi tchipisi tating'ono.
M'malo osungira nyama, nyama zazikulu zimapatsidwa makeke apadera a bamboo. Koma chakudya chomera chimakhala chimbalangondo chakuda ndi choyera kwambiri kuposa mankhwala azitsamba: 17% yokha ya zonse zomwe zadyedwa. Chifukwa chake, panda imadya pafupifupi nthawi yonse kuti mudzaze thupi ndi michere.
Kuphatikiza pa nsungwi, panda yayikulu imadyanso bowa, udzu, mizu yamtengo ndi khungwa, tubers zamasamba. Amalandira mapuloteni pakudya mazira a mbalame, makoswe, nsomba ndi nyama zina zazing'ono - ngati atatha kuzigwira, chifukwa panda sikhala yachangu. Zimbalangondo zakuda ndi zoyera sizisamala kudya ndi zovalazo.
Pandas samakonda kumwa chifukwa msuzi wabulosi umawagwiritsa ntchito chinyontho chokwanira, koma ngati pali mtsinje pafupi ndi malo okhala ndi chimbalangondo, amapita kukasambira mosangalatsa.
Pandas ndi nyama usiku, masana akapuma kapena kugona m'malo otetezedwa pakati pa miyala kapena pamitengo. Malo ogona awa ndi masters enieni pakukwera mitengo: amatha kukwera pamwamba kwambiri pamtengo ndikuyenda m'mphepete mwa nthambi zowonda kwambiri. Makonda omwe akukhala ndi nyama - kugona pansi kuti mupumule pa foloko m'nthambi.
Pandas sakonda kusambira, ngakhale amadziwa kusambira bwino. Amabereka amakonda ukhondo, ndipo amadzisamba, amathamanga m'madzi osaya ndikudzipukuta okha ndi siponji.
Pandas ndi amtendere komanso abwinobwino, koma ngati awonetsa mkwiyo, amakhala ngati zimbalangondo zenizeni. Amatha kuluma, kumenya kumutu ndi mkono, kugwira mdani ndi manja awo akutsogolo ndikugunda thupi.
Pangozi, zimbalangondo zimatha kuthawa, kupotoza mpira mwaluso ndikudzigudubuza paphiripo, kwinaku ndikuwaphimba maso ndi miyendo.
Nthawi yakukhwima ya panda yayikulu ndi yochepa kwambiri. Pachikazi chachikazi amakhala okonzekera kukwatirana kwa masiku atatu kapena atatu pachaka. Nthawi zambiri amuna angapo amadzinenera kuti ndi achikazi, pomwe amasankha wopambana. Pakadutsa pang'ono, nyamazo zimabalalanso.
Mayi-panda amabereka mwana m'modzi kapena atatu, koma amasankha mmodzi mwa obadwa, ena onse amafa.Makanda amabadwa ocheperako, amalemera mpaka magalamu 130, kapena 1/800 ya kulemera kwa amayi. Ndi akhungu, koma yokutidwa ndi ubweya wochepa thupi.
Masiku oyamba, mayi panda amakhala nthawi zonse pafupi ndi khanda, ndikumugoneka m'chiguduli chake chachikulu. Yaikazi imadyetsa mwana wakhanda kwambiri, pafupifupi maola awiri aliwonse. Sasiya mwana ngakhale kudya.
Pandas ndi amayi abwino kwambiri, ali ndi chidwi komanso odekha. Amakumbatira ana awo nthawi zonse. Ndi amayi, ana ake amakhalabe ndi zaka zitatu.
Ku malo osungira nyama, machitidwe a pandas amakhala achimwemwe kwambiri kuposa kuthengo, komwe nthawi zonse amapeza chakudya. Zinyama zazing'ono ndizabwino komanso ndizosewera, zimasuntha kwambiri ndikukonda kugwa ndikuima mutu ndi mapewa.
Panda ndi imodzi mwazinyama zokondedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Izi ndi zomwe zimamupulumutsa kuti asadzasoweke kwathunthu. Ku China, mapulogalamu apadera a kuswana ndi kuteteza pandas zazikulu adapangidwa ndipo amathandizidwa bwino, ndipo mtengo wolipidwa wamba wa pandas ku malo ena ndi miliyoni miliyoni dollars.
Zofalitsidwa patsamba: 18.12.2014
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Dera lokhalidwa ndi pandas ndilochepa. Amapezeka m'malo akumapiri kumadera aku China a Sichuan, Gansu ndi Tibet. Ngakhale m'mbuyomu ankakhala ku Indochina komanso pafupifupi. Kalimantan. Páas zazikuluzikulu anasankha nkhalango zazikulu za bamboo ngati kwawo.
Amakhala m'mapiri, pamalo okwera pafupifupi 1,200 mpaka 4,500 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. m. Kutayamba kwa nyengo yachisanu, amatsika mamita 800 kunyanja, komwe nyengo yozizira imakhala yabwino kwambiri.
Izi zonyamula bwino ma teddy
Kukula kwa panda wamkulu kumakhala kosangalatsa. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Kulemera kwawo kumafikira 85-255 kg, pomwe akazi amalemera makilogalamu 70-100. Kutalika kwa thupi la panda ndi 1.5-1.8 m.
Panda, mosiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina, ili ndi mchira wake wautali. Kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 12. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi ubweya wonenepa komanso wofewa. Madera amdima ali pamtambo wowala, pafupi oyera: mozungulira maso mu mawonekedwe a "magalasi", kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, mapewa ndi makutu. Nthano ya mchira ndiyinso yakuda.
Makutu akuda, magalasi ndi ma paw
Ngakhale "mawonekedwe" ake abwino, mapira a panda ali ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, ndipo monga zimbalangondo zonse, panda yayikulu pakavulazidwa imatha kuvulaza munthu.
Mchira waukulu
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Dera lake lachiwiri - "chimbalangondo cha bamboo" - idalandila phukusi lalikulu chifukwa cha chakudya chake, chomwe chili 99% chokhala ndi mphukira ndi mitengo. Ngakhale zakudya zamagulu, monga mazira ndi tizilombo, nthawi ndi nthawi zimawonekera pamenyu ya panda. Ndiwo mtundu uwu wa chakudya womwe ndiye gwero lalikulu la mapuloteni. Kuphatikiza pa nsungwi, zimbalangondo sizingakane safironi ndi mababu a iris. M'malo osungira nyama, amapanikizika ndi nzimbe, maapulo, kaloti, phala lamapunga amadzimadzi ndi zinthu zina.
Kuti chakudya chokwanira chikwanirike, maapoas ayenera kudya mpaka 18 kg za nsungwi patsiku. Pazifukwa zomwezo, amakhala odekha kwambiri ndipo amayesa kuyenda pokhapokha akafunika. Pandas amayenda mumsewu pokhapokha ngati malo ogulitsa m'derali atha kale.
Ndi chakudya chake, chimbalangondochi chimatha kuchita bwino kwambiri. Nthawi zina munthu amadzifunsa kuti mawaya amtunduwu amatha kugwiridwa mwaluso bwanji ndi mapesi owonda a bamboo. Mtundu wa “chala” chachisanu ndi chimodzi, chomwe ndi fupa laminyezi lamanja, chimamuthandiza kugwira tsinde.
Amamwa pang'ono paeda, popeza chinyezi chambiri chimapezeka limodzi ndi mphukira zamadzi a bamboo, omwe pafupifupi theka amakhala ndi madzi. Koma zikafika, amayesetsabe ludzu lawo mumtsinje wina kapena madzi ena.
Moyo
Paphas zazikuluzikulu ndi achule abwino, koma amakonda kukhala ndi moyo wokhalitsa padziko lapansi. Amasambiranso bwino. Zochita zikuwonetsedwa nthawi iliyonse yamasana. Patsiku, kusaka ndi kutafuna chakudya kumatenga maola 12.
M'nyengo yozizira, kwa kanthawi kochepa, amatha kugwa mumkhalidwe wofanana ndi hibernation, koma izi sizitchedwa hibernation yeniyeni.
Munthu aliyense, wamwamuna kapena wamwamuna, ali ndi gawo lake lomwe limatetezedwa nthawi zonse, makamaka ndi akazi.
Kusewera pandas
Aapaya akuluakulu amakonda kukhala okha ndipo awiriawiri amagwirizana panthawi yokhwima ndi kulera ana.
Amalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana, ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba zimawoneka kuti ndi nyama zopanda chete. Kupereka moni mwachikondi kwa "comrade" kumawonetsedwa mukutulutsa mawu, kukwiya - mofuula kapena mofuula. Wamng'ono, pofuna kukopa amayi, amayamba kulira komanso kufinya. Kuwonetsedwa kwa mano pakutseguka komanso kutseka mano mwachangu kumatanthauza kuti ndibwino kuti musayandikire panda, chifukwa chikuwonetsa kusakhutira ndikuwopseza.
Kuswana
Mu panda yayikulu, ana amtundu wa 1-2 amabadwa. Ngati awiri abadwa, nthawi zambiri wamkazi amakhala ndi mwana mmodzi yekha wamphamvu, ndikumamuyang'anira. Lachiwiri likufa. Mu malo osungira pamilandu iyi apanga maukadaulo awo.
Wamkazi wokhala ndi ana Wakubadwa sabata
Ogwira ntchito amatola "Refusenik", kenako patatha masiku angapo amasintha ana awo. Ndipo cholowa m'malo mwake chimapitilirabe nthawi yonse ya chakudya. Chifukwa chake, ogwiritsa ntchito malo osungira nyama amakwanitsa kulera ana awiri. Zowonadi, mdziko la nyama izi, VERY LITTLE yatsala - palibe anthu 1600.
Chiyambireni cha nyengo ya kubereka chimagwera masika. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, kukhazikika kwa mluza sikutha kuyamba pomwepo, koma patapita nthawi - 1.5-5 miyezi. Izi ndi mtundu wamatimu oteteza ana aana, chifukwa amatha kubadwa nthawi yabwino kwambiri. Pazaka zambiri, masiku pafupifupi 135 ali ndi masiku.
Makanda obadwa kumene ali akhungu ndipo alibe thandizo. Pambuyo pobala, mayi amathandiza mwana kupeza nipple. Masiku oyamba, mkazi samasiya mwana kwa mphindi. Pamasabata 47, kudyetsa mkaka kumatha, ndipo ana amayamba kusinthana ndi zakudya za akulu. Kufikira zaka 1.5 ali ndi amayi awo, omwe amatenga nawo mbali pamasewera awo mosangalatsa.
5 wazaka wamkulu panda mwana
Kutha msanga mu zimbalangondo za bamboo kumachitika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo chimakhala chautali - mpaka zaka 26, pomwe m'chilengedwe amakhala mpaka zaka 14-16.
Matumba
Panda ndi mamuna
Chifukwa cha kupweteka kwambiri, ma pandas akuluakulu samangolembedwa m'ndandanda wofiira wa IUCN, komanso otetezedwa ndi malamulo onse okhwima (makamaka ku China).
M'mbuyomu, pandas adachotsedwa chifukwa cha ubweya wake wofunikira, koma sizoyenera kuziganizira. Mwachilengedwe, ali ndi adani achilengedwe ochepa - abuluzi okha ndi mimbulu yofiyira, komanso ndi osowa m'magawo amenewo. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa ziwerengero zawo ndikutha kwa zachilengedwe, i.e. nsungwi za bamboo ndi nkhalango. Izi zimachitika mwina chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa anthu, kapena pazifukwa zachilengedwe.
Bamboo amakula pafupifupi zaka 20-25, atatha maluwa komanso maonekedwe a mbewu, zimafa. Chifukwa chake, nkhalango zonse "zimafa" nthawi imodzi. Mphukira zatsopano kuchokera ku mbewu zimayamba kuonekera pokhapokha zaka 2-3. Chifukwa chake, kwa nyama zambiri zomwe zimadalira bamboo, nthawi zotere zimakhala zakufa.
Panda yayikulu ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Ndiye chiwonetsero cha mafilimu osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zithunzi, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazizindikiro ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, chitsanzo chake chomwe ndi World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
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