Mu chithunzichi - gulu la azaka za ku Siberia wazaka chimodzi ku Nursery mitundu yachilendo yam crane ya Oksky State Natural Biosphere Reserve. A Crron young Siberian Cranes akuyembekeza kuti atumizidwe ku tundra ya Yamal-Nenets Okrug kuti adzabwezeretse anthu aku West Siberian amtunduwu, womwe uli pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Adapangidwa zaka 40 zapitazo mdera la Ryazan, nazale ndi malo okhawo aku Russia operekera zikwangwani zoyera.
Cranes (kuchokera iye. Chowaza - dokowe, kapena cranes yoyera (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) - mbalame zazikulu mpaka 160 cm, zokhala ndi mapiko pafupifupi mita ziwiri. Amakhala ku Russia kokha. Chiwerengero chachiwiri cha zikwangwani zoyera ndizodziwika. Gulu la Ob kapena West Siberian (osaposa anthu 20) limawulukira ku Western Siberia kudera la Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ku Kunovat River Basin komanso ku dera la Tyumen. Chigawo chakum'mawa (anthu 3,600-4,000 anthu) ali mgombe la mitsinje ya Yana, Indigirka, ndi Alazeya ku Yakutia.
Ma Cranes a ku Siberia amakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri okhala ndi maiwe ambiri. Ku Western Siberia, awa ndi madambo otumphuka ozunguliridwa ndi nkhalango yoponderezedwa, ku Yakutia - mipanda yomwe ili m'malo opanda anthu - mawonekedwe a lacustrine omwe nthawi zambiri amasefukira. Chiwerengero cha West Siberian chimasamukira nthawi yozizira kudutsa Northern Kazakhstan, kenako kudzera ku Volga ndi Caspian deltas kupita kumpoto chakummaawa kwa Iran. Anthu akum'mawa amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Poinhu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa China. Panthawi yosamukira, mbalame zimawuluka makilomita 556,000.
Mitengo yoyera pakatikati. Chithunzi chochokera pa webmandry.com
Kuchepetsa kwa nyengo yachisanu komanso malo osamukirako nthawi yachisanu chifukwa cha zochita za anthu kwapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha zikwangwani zoyera. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonongeka kwa madambo, kuwerengera nsomba, kuwedza nsomba, kufa kwa mbalame nthawi yakusaka komanso kuchokera kokoka zipatso, ku masoka achilengedwe kapena chifukwa cha kuwombana ndi mizere yamagetsi, kuwonongeka kwa zisa zomwe zasiyidwa ndi ma Cranes aku Siberiya, komanso kubereka kwapang'onopang'ono kumathandizanso. Korona yoyera yalembedwa mu International Red Book ngati mtundu womwe watsala pang'ono kutha (Mwadzidzidzi, CR).
Kuti tisunge nyamayi ndi kubwezeretsanso anthu aku West Siberian Crane mu 1974, ntchitoyi idapangidwa limodzi ndi International Crane Protection Fund (maziko apadziko lonse lapansi, kulumikizana kuchokera ku Russia sikungatsegulidwe), komwe pambuyo pake imatchedwa Operation Sterkh. ” Monga gawo la ntchitoyi, mu 1977, mazira aku Crane a Siberia adatengedwa kuchokera ku malo a chisa ku Yakutia kupita ku International Crane Conservation Fund ku Wisconsin (USA) kuti apange gulu logwidwa, kuti apititse patsogolo ndikubwezeretsanso zidzukulu za azungu oyera ku Western Siberia.
Ndipo mu 1979, Nursery yamitundu yachilendo y crane idamangidwa ku Oksky Reserve ndi cholinga chomwecho. M'zaka zoyambirira, mazira a Crane a Siberia amabweretsedwanso kuno kuchokera kumalo odyera ku Yakutia. Chifukwa cha nyengo yam'mapeto a mazira a Siberian, anapiye okhawo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo, kotero mazira onse omwe amatumizidwa ku nazale amatengedwa kuchokera ku zisa zotere - imodzi.
Chimodzi mwa zipika za Nursery zamitundu yachilendo yamakhwawa pamtunda wa Oka Reserve. Pakatikati mozungulira pali zipinda zachisanu za zikwangwani, zopatukana ndi inzake. Chipinda chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ndi chowongolera chilimwe ndipo chimapangidwira munthu m'modzi kapena awiri.
Pakatikati pa anthu aku Crane a ku Siberia ndi magulu awiriawiri. Cranes, monga cranes zonse, zimakhala zofanana, amasankha awiri mosamala, moyo, ndipo amatha kuzisintha pokhapokha mnzawo atamwalira. Mwachilengedwe, maanja amapanga nthawi yachisanu. Mu Nursery, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amaikidwa moyandikana nawo omwe amalola kuyang'ana kowoneka. Pakukomera mbali zonse ziwiri, mbalamezo zimasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono zochita zawo: zimadyetsa, kugona, ndikuyang'anira gawo nthawi yomweyo. Maapogee a izi ndi chizindikiridwe cha awiriwa amawonedwa ngati kulira kwa duet - champhongo ndi chachikazi chimapanga phokoso lalifupi lalifupi lomwe limasinthana wina ndi mzake ndipo limamveka ngati nyimbo iyi idachitidwa ndi crane imodzi. Liwu la Cranes la Siberia ndilabwino kwambiri, limakwera kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yamakedzana, ena amati "siliva."
Kulira kosinthanitsa kwa khola yoyera yamakhola oyera. Kanema Alena Shurpitskaya
Pakukhwima, pamene yamphongoyo, ikuyandikira kumbuyo kwa mkaziyo, ikufunikira kumuthira manyondwerero ochepa, onse amakhala ofanana mothandizidwa ndi mapiko. Ngati m'modzi mwa othandizirawa adayendetsa miyendo, komanso ngati umuna wochepetsetsa mu nazale, kuyikiridwa kumene kumachitika. Chochititsa chidwi, chachikazi chimatha kuikira mazira pokhapokha ngati pali kulumikizana kowoneka ndi wamwamuna yemwe wasankha.
Awiri a ma Cranes a ku Siberia, wamwamuna nthawi zambiri amakula pang'ono kuposa wamkazi. Malo amdima pakhosi akuwoneka bwino - pamene ma Cranes a Siberia ali okonzeka kukhwima, amagwiritsa ntchito mulomo kuti ayang'anitse zodzaza m'munsi mwa khosi ndi uve. Mitengo yaying'ono imalepheretsa mbalamezi kuthamanga komanso kuthamangira pama grate pakawona antchito akudutsa. Mu nthawi yakudyayi, ma Cranes aku Siberia atha kukhala olakwika chifukwa chowopseza kapena kupikisana nawo. Izi zimalepheretsa kuvulaza mlomo ndi mapiko.
Nthawi zambiri makolo amathandizira mazira akafika mazira achiwiri, awa amatha kukhala makolo omlera - awiri ena a Siberia Cranes kapena cranes za mtundu wina. Ngati ndi kotheka, nazale limagwiritsa ntchito njira zokumba.
Mwachilengedwe, ma Cranes a ku Siberia amamanga zisa pamphepete mwa madzi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa kuchokera ku udzu wa chaka chatha womwe timayikira dzira limodzi kapena awiri. Makulitsidwe kumatenga masiku 28-32. Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amakhala pachisa. Wamphongo nthawi ndi nthawi amamulowetsa chakudya. Mabanja achichepere nthawi zambiri amaswa mazira chifukwa chosazindikira. Mu nazale, m'malo mwa mazira osweka, maanja oterowo amayika yabodza pachisa kuti aphunzitsidwe.
Crane Wamkazi waku Siberian pa Nest
Makoko oyera ndi mbalame zam'munda kwambiri: awiri amtchire nthawi yakusowa amatenga ma kilomita angapo (ngakhale mbalame zimasunga m'matumba nthawi yachisanu komanso m'malo osungirako osamukasamuka). Wophwanya wamwamuna wamalire amachenjezedwa kaye ndi kulira, kenako ndi chiwonetsero. Amatsanzira ntchito yomanga chisa, amasunthira nthambi pafupi ndi iye, kenako amagona pansi, ngati kuti akumangiriza zomanga. Yaimuna imathamangira makamaka atchuthi odekha, kuthamanga, kugwiritsa ntchito mlomo wolimba ndikuwugunda kuti atulutse mlendoyo. Yaikazi pakadali pano imabisala mwana wankhuku (ngati yabowula kale), ndikuiphimba ndi mapiko.
Mkulu wachimuna waku Siberian achenjeza mofuula komanso chifukwa chophwanya malire a banja lake komanso kufunitsitsa kuwateteza
Makanda amabadwa amawona ndi okutidwa ndi fluff wofiira. Mtundu wofiira kotheratu umasowa ndipo m'malo mwake ndi zoyera zoyera pofika zaka zitatu. Makolo amadyetsa anapiyewo, kuwapatsa chakudya chamafuta. Mwachilengedwe, patsiku lachiwiri kapena lachitatu atanyamula, banja limachoka pachisa kukafunafuna chakudya.
A masiku ochepa stershonok
Mwana wankhuku amakhala pafupi ndi amayi. Abambo amatha kuwasiya kuti adye ndipo nthawi iliyonse amafulumira kuti abwerere kuti asachoke chisa kwa nthawi yayitali osatetezedwa. Cranes amadya tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tambiri), nsomba, ndi mbali zina za mbewu. Nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yosamukira, chakudya chomera chimakhalapo. Amalandira chakudya ndikamamiza m'mutu m'madzi, nthawi zambiri mpaka hafu ya khosi lawo: Ma Cranes aku Siberia ndiye njira zakuthwa kwambiri zazitali komanso zazitali kwambiri. Mu nazale, ma cranes amapatsidwa chakudya chophatikizika chopangidwa ndi chakudya chachilengedwe ndikuphatikiza ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri, kutsanzira madambo m'matumba.
Makolonu a makolo ndi a Siberia amasinthana kudyetsa stershonka, ndikumusankhira magawo abwino. Idyani okha mothandizana
Ngati chisa chakulera ndi makolo amtundu wina, ndiye kuti vuto lakukhazikika limayamba - kusindikiza. Mwana wankhuku amawaganizira makolo a omwe amawawona akangomanga, ndipo, akakula, amatsata zomwe amachita. Chifukwa chake, mtsogolomo amatha kuvutika kupanga awiri.
Pair ya Cranes yaku Daurian yokhala ndi sterchonk
Koma akadali ndi nthawi yachiwiri yosindikiza, imayamba nthawi yophunzitsira anthu othawa kwawo ali ndi miyezi pafupifupi iwiri. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, anapiye oleredwa ndi makolo ena amtundu wina amaphatikizidwa pagulu limodzi ndi ana amisodzi oyambitsidwa ndi mikanda yoyera. Nthawi yomweyo, ma Cranes achikulire aku Siberia ali mu gawo lowona amphaka, ndipo kujambula kukuchitika kale pa anthu amtundu wawo. Popita nthawi, gululi limakhazikitsa ubale wolumikizana komanso kulumikizana ngati achinyamata a ku Siberia. Pazaka chimodzi, mbalame zamphamvu komanso zathanzi zimapita kukamaliza.
Chaka chimodzi wamkazi wachikazi waku Siberia. Palinso maula ofiira
Mwachilengedwe, nthawi yachisanu yoyamba komanso nthawi yosamukira, mwana wankhuku amakhala ndi makolo ake, ndipo pobwerera kumalo osungira nyama, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, kukula kwachinyamata kumasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu kunja kwa magawo aziswana. Cranes imafika pa msinkhu wazaka 3-4.
Njira yolima yokhayokha idagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu nazale monga gawo la ntchito ya Flight of Hope. Wogwira ntchito mu suti yoyera wobisa munthu anali kudyetsa anapiyewo - kuzindikiritsa kunachitika pa iye. Pakudya, panali kachipangizo kenakake kamene kamayerekezera ndi mlomo wa Crane ya ku Siberia.
Wogwira ntchito yosungirako amadyetsa stershonka. Pulogalamu ya Flight of Hope ikuganiza kuti mwana wankhuku wothodwa ndiye kuti aziwuluka kuseri kwa chingwe chokhala ndi "kholo" pamayendedwe osamukira. Chithunzi chochokera ku blog.ufa-lib.ru
Kenako anapiyewo anaphunzitsidwa kuwuluka kuseri kwa chingwe chomata. Poyamba iwo pagulu la "kholo" adazolowera kuyimilira pansi pomwe injini idatsegulidwa, pambuyo pake woyendetsa wovala zofananira nayeyo amayendetsa ndege. Lingaliro la kuphunzitsidwa kwa anapiye mothandizidwa ndi glider woyamba limapezeka koyamba ku United States ndipo adayesedwa bwino pama cranes aku America. Cranes sanalembepo njira yosunthira kukumbukira kwawo majini; makolo amawonetsera mbalame zazing'ono. Chifukwa chake, patapita nthawi glider anafunikira kutsogolera anapiye omwe adayikidwamo kuchokera ku nazale kudutsa njira yonse yosunthira - kuchokera kumalo okhalako a malo oyera a Ob oyera mu beseni la Kunovat kupita kumalo achisanu. Komabe, ntchitoyi sinamalizidwebe: zovuta zimabwera ndikuwoloka malire a mayiko omwe amakhala m'njira zanjira zakutali (chifukwa chake, akukonzekera kupanga njira ina yozizira kumwera kwa Uzbekistan), komanso ndalama.
Achinyamata a ku Siberian Cranes amawuluka kuseri kwa glider yopendekera, 2006. Ntchito ya Flight of Hope idakhudzidwa ndi luso la anthu aku America pakutsogolera achichepere aku America panjira yodutsa. Chithunzi chojambulidwa: A. G. Sorokin et al. Operation Sterkh mu chitukuko
Mpaka pano, mu nazale ya Oksky Reserve, kuphatikiza pa ma Siberia a Cranes, mitundu ina yonse ya crane yomwe imakhala ku Russia imasungidwanso: Demoiselle Crane, Grey, Black, Daurian, Canada ndi Japan Cranes - mbalame pafupifupi 60, zomwe pafupifupi maulendo 40 aku Siberia, kuphatikiza ndi kuswana 10 nthunzi Chaka chilichonse, ogwira ntchito ku nazale amakonzekera kumasulidwa kuchokera ku mbalame 3 mpaka 10 kumalo osungirako zinyama ku Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area komanso m'malo osamukirako osungirako malo mu Astrakhan Reserve ndi Beloozersky Reserve kumwera kwa Chigawo cha Tyumen.
Chilichonse, chilichonse chomwe ndimakonda Pts Pts!
Ndi chakuti kwa moyo wonse, komanso kuti zimalumikizana, komanso momwe zimayimbira limodzi, komanso momwe abambo amagwirira ntchito amatiuza kuti alonda a chisa, komanso momwe achichepere amathandizira mitengo, komanso kuti nthenga za beige za achichepere, komanso ambiri okondedwa athu Alena, adandikonda Cranes zaku Siberia!
Zikomo, kuyambira m'nkhaniyi kumva kukoma mtima kwina, mwachifundo, chabwino!)
Mafunso angapo adabuka pakuwerenga. Ali ndi lingaliro losiyananso:
1 chifukwa chiyani mbalame, zomwe sizinakhalepo ku Germany, zimatchedwa ndi dzina lathu lachijeremani? Palibe dzina ladzikoli?
2 chifukwa chomwe wolemba sakudziwa kuti tsamba la thumba la chitetezo cha crane lapadziko lonse lapansi limatsegulidwa kuchokera ku makompyuta aku Russia - kodi thumba la chitetezo (kapena tsamba lake) limakhala ndi zovuta ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo aku Russia?
Ndiyenera kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti zinali zosavuta kuti nditsegule, koma sindisinthanso kuchuluka kwa kompyuta yanga
3 zomwe zimachitika ndi ophwanya mazira osadziwa
NDI)
"Kodi amalandila mazira oyamwa asanadzigwetse oyamba?"
"Kapena akuyembekezera kuti awonongedwe, ndipo ngati aphwanyidwa, abodza?"
"Kapena kodi akuyembekezera kuti ayikidwe, ndipo ngati iyi ndi dzira loyamba, m'malo mwake padzakhala zabodza?"
B) momwe zabodza zimathandizira
- ndiwokhalitsa, osafooka ndipo amangodziwitsa mbalame momwe zimakhalira ndi kuchuluka kwa dzira?
(Kenako zoopsa zikupezeka kuti makolo osazindikira amamuchitira chipongwe kwambiri ndikuphwanya dzira lenileni)
- imakhala yosalimba ndipo ntchito yake imaphwanyidwa ndi mbalame kuti zimvetsetse momwe zimakhalira ndi dzira
(Sizikudziwikanso kuti izi zitha bwanji - zomwe akuchita komanso momwe mbalame ikufinyira, kuti kusokonekera kwa dzira labodza ndikofanana ndi zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa)
4 pa tsiku la 3 banja lasiyiratu chisa? Kapena akuyamba "kuyenda", kubwerera usiku?
komabe, zikuwoneka kuti, panali mafunso, koma tsopano awuluka m'mutu mwanga.
Yuri, zikomo kwambiri chifukwa choyankha, ndakondwa kwambiri! Inemwini ndidakondana ndi ma Cranes a ku Siberia, ngakhale sakhala okongola komanso achikhulupiriro mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, a ku Daurian. Koma adandigonjetsa, mwina ndi mphamvu zawo))
Dzinali, osachepera Chilatini, adawapatsa kwa a Pussian zoologist zozunza nyama Peter Pallas, ndipo ndikuganiza adawatcha a Siberia Cranes. Ku Russia amatchedwanso mikre yoyera, ndipo m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi - ma creri aku chipale chofewa a ku Siberia kapena matalala. Koma "Cranes za Siberian" ndizofupikitsa ndipo, monga momwe ndikuwonekera kwa ine, zimawonetsa mawonekedwe awo komanso mawonekedwe awo.
Ngakhale chikhalidwe cha iwo chilinso chosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, abambo nthawi yocheperako amakhala ankhondo kwambiri, ndipo awiriwo, abambo amathamangira kunyumba osagwiritsa ntchito alendo omwe amabweretsa chakudya. Zikuwoneka kuti adawopseza, ndipo sanalole kuti ayandikire, koma sanathamangire kuwathamangitsa. Ndipo mnzake adachitapo kanthu mopupuluma ndipo nthawi zambiri ankamukakamiza kuchita zambiri. Nthawi ina sindinathe kuyimirira ndipo ndidayamba kumenya, pambuyo pake akutiyimbira)))
Sindikudziwa za tsamba la IFJ, izi ndi zowonjezera pa mkonzi.
M'malo mwa dzira losweka, amaika dummy kuti makolo achichepere aziphunzitsa. Ili ndiye dzira lamatanda. Yaikazi imamvetsetsa kuti dzira lake ndi chinthu chofunikira, chifukwa adayiyika, ndikuyesera kuisamalira mosamala. Koma zonse zimachitikanso. Koma abambo achichepere samamvetsetsa nthawi yomweyo kuti izi ndi chiani, ndipo chifukwa changalaka angathe kuzipaka ndi mulomo. Kapenanso kuteteza chisa, khalani pompopompo ndikuphwanya, osawerengera mphamvu.
Ndiye pobwerera ku chisa mutayenda, ndikuvomereza, ndinayiwala kuyang'ana ndi antchito. Mwinanso sangafune kubwerera, amayenda mtunda wautali patsiku, anapiye ndi iwo, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chobwerera.
Ndizovuta bwanji! Abambo, zikuwoneka kwa ine, adawonetsera mwachangu - akumvetsetsa kuti anthu awa sangakhumudwitse mwana wankhuku. Ndipo amayi - motsogozedwa ndi ochita chibwibwi!) Kodi adayamba kugonja?)) Kapena mwanjira ina ndi mlomo wake pamenepo, sindikudziwa, ndi chifuwa chake.
Komabe sizikudziwika kuti dzira lolimba limatha kuphunzitsidwa bwanji kuti lizikhala loyera. Kupatula apo, sizingasweke pakagwiridwe kovuta, zomwe zikutanthauza, m'malo mwake, zitha kuzolowera zochitika zomwe dzira lenileni limawonongeka.
Ndi lingaliro lachilendo kupereka dzira lamatabwa ndipo ndizodabwitsa kuti imagwira ntchito.
Ngati mayi ndi mwana wankhukuyo sabwerera chisa, mawu oti "Abambo achokadi. Ndipo ali mwachangu kubwerera. Kuti asasiye chisa kwa nthawi yayitali." Zikungotengera masiku atatu oyamba?
Anagundidwa mwendo wowongoka?)) - inde, kumenyedwa)) Ogwira ntchito adanena kuti nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kuti iye akhale zochulukira. wolimba mtima pakumvetsetsa kwake))
Komabe sizikudziwika kuti dzira lolimba limatha kuphunzitsidwa bwanji kuti lizikhala loyera. - Choyamba, kholo limadzuka mwaimuna, ngati sanadzuke nthawi yomweyo. Kachiwiri, munthu yemwe amalumikizana koyambirira kwa sabata lachitatu amachita bwino kwambiri kuposa tsiku lachitatu.) Pali malingaliro ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito makina otere))
Ngati mayi ndi mwana wankhukuyo sabwerera chisa, mawu oti "Abambo achokadi. Ndipo ali mwachangu kubwerera. Kuti asasiye chisa kwa nthawi yayitali." Zikungotengera masiku atatu oyamba? - Ayi, amayenda nawo limodzi tundra, akuthandiza kudyetsa anapiye. Ngakhale nestling ndiyodziyimira palokha pankhani yopanga chakudya, ayi, ayi, inde, chidutswa chokoma chimachokera kwa amayi ndi abambo) Amakhala nawo mpaka kuthawa kotsatira, ndipo zimachitika ngati wamkazi pazifukwa zina sanayikire mazira chaka chotsatira, ndiye Komanso.