1. A Njovu ndi abale apachibale a mammam omwe tsopano atha.
2. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu itatu ya nyama zapadera izi: njovu yaku India, savannah ya ku Africa ndi nkhalango yaku Africa. M'mbuyomu, panali mitundu 40.
3. Njovu ya ku Africa imadziwika kuti ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi.
4. Njovu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe idadziwika anali njovu ya ku Africa, yomwe idaphedwa ku Angola mu 1974, yolemera kilogalamu 12,240.
5. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa nyama izi ndi pafupifupi matani 5, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi 6-7 metres.
6. Njovu siziwona zolengedwa zazikulu zokha padziko lapansi, komanso nyama imodzi yolumikizana kwambiri: njovu singakhale yokha, imafunika kulumikizana ndi abale ake.
7. Njovu ndi nyama zododometsa, zomwe asayansi adakhazikitsa, zomwe zimadziwika podzizindikira komanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana zakumverera ndi malingaliro. Nyama izi zimakhala zachisoni ngati china chake chalakwika mu gulu lawo ndikusangalala, mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana wa ng'ombe wamphongo wabadwa. Njovu zimatha kumwetulira.
8. Njovu zimakumbukira bwino kwambiri. Amazindikira abale awo komanso abale awo ngakhale atasiyana kwambiri. Amabwezeredwa ndipo amathanso kubwezera madandaulo awo ngakhale atakhala zaka makumi angapo. Komabe amakumbukiranso makolo awo, ndipo sadzaiwala kukoma mtima kwawo.
9. Padziko lapansi pali njovu zaku Africa zofika hafu miliyoni, Asia pafupifupi 10 nthawi zochepa.
10. Kwa zaka zana ndi theka zapitazi, kutalika kwa miyambo ya njovu ku Africa ndi India kwachepera. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthumwi zikuluzikulu zaanthu zimayamba kuzunzidwa, ndipo kutalika kwa milawuyo ndi mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo.
11. Njovu ndi zazikulu komanso zanzeru kwambiri; kuyambira kalekale iwo akhala akuthandiza anthu mwamtendere ndi ankhondo.
12. Gulu la njovu nthawi zonse limatsogozedwa ndi akazi okalamba komanso odziwa ntchito. Kusintha kwa mtsogoleri kumachitika pokhapokha chifukwa cha imfa ya woyamba njovu. Komanso, akazi okha ndi omwe amakhala mu ziweto, ndipo amuna amakonda kukhala osiyana.
13. Nthano kuti njovu zimakhala ndi manda awo osiyana, asayansi adatsutsa, atachita zoyeserera zingapo. Komabe, pamayesowa, zidapezeka kuti njovu zimalemekezadi zotsalira za abale awo: amazindikira mosavuta mafupa a nzika zawo mulu wa mafupa ena, sadzaponda mafupa a njovu yakufayo, komanso amayesa kuwasunthira pambali kuti asapitenso. mamembala ena a gululi adabwera.
14. Mu thunthu la thunthu limatha nthawi imodzi kukwanira malita asanu ndi atatu a madzi. Thunthu lake lilinso ndi zikwangwani zoposa 40,000, motero njovu zimakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
15. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa akazi a njovu zaku India kwa amphaka ndi kusakhalapo kwa timisambo. Nthawi zina, amapezeka, koma amakhala osawoneka. Zovala zazimuna zazimuna za Indian njovu zimafikira mita imodzi ndi theka.
16. A njovu amadzidziwa bwino ndipo amazindikira mawonekedwe ake pagalasi, monganso ma dolphin ndi mitundu ina ya anyani.
17. Kulemera kwambiri kwa njovu ndi matani 5, koma amayenda modekha. Simungathe kuwona ngati njovu itakuyandikira modekha kuchokera kumbuyo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti phata la phazi la njovu limapangidwa m'njira yoti izitha kumera, kukulira, ndikukula pang'ono m'mene mungasinthirepo malo: Yerekezerani kuti mwakhomerera pilo ndi nthenga kunsi kwanu - chimodzimodzi njovu. Chifukwa chake amayenda m'mphepete momasuka.
18. Pafupifupi nyama zonse zimatha kuthamanga, ndiye kuti, zimayenda motere pamene thupi lonse la zigawo zina zachiwirili limakhala mlengalenga. Njovu, chifukwa cha unyinji wawo waukulu, sizingakweze matupi awo m'mwamba ndikuthamanga "pakati": miyendo yakutsogolo imasunthira pamtengo, ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo imalemera kulemera konse ndipo imakonzedwa ngati ikuyenda mwachangu. Mwanjira imeneyi, njovu imatha kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h.
19. Njovu zimakhala m'gulu la ng'ombe. Njovu zachikazi zimakhala m'gulu la anthu khumi ndi asanu. Amakula pamodzi ndipo amasamalirana: amatha kubweretsa madzi kapena chakudya kwa njovu yomwe yavulala ndipo singathe kusuntha
. 20. Ana a njovu amakhala m'gulu la ziweto mpaka zaka 12-14, kenako atha kukhala kapena kupatukana ndikupanga banja lawo.
21. Njovu zonse zachikulire zimagona, ndikugona limodzi, ndipo ngati zingatheke, zigwirana. Ngati njovuyo ndi yokalamba ndipo ili ndi timisempha tokulirapo, ndiye kuti timayiyika pamtengo kapena chiswe. 22. Njovu imatha kusiya ziweto zake ngati zifa kapena kugwidwa ndi anthu.
23. Njovu zazing'ono, kumbali inayo, zingalolere kugwera kumbali yawo, zomwe zikuchita bwino, koma pazifukwa zina chizolowezicho chimadutsa ndi zaka zawo.
24. Mano a njovu amasintha m'moyo wawo pafupifupi nthawi 6. Mano omaliza amakula ali ndi zaka 40.
25. Kutalika kwa nthawi ya njovu ndi zaka zapakati pa 60 ndi 70. Nthawi yomweyo, ma centenarian amadziwika pakati pa ziweto zakundende. Njovu yakale kwambiri dzina lake Lin Wang adakhala zaka 86 (1917-2003). Njovuyi idagwira ntchito yankhondo ya ku China ndipo idamenya nawo nkhondo yachiwiri ya Sino-Japan (1937-1945), pomwepo pomanga zipilala, idachitidwa mozungulira, koma adakhala moyo wake wonse ku Taipei Zoo ku Taiwan. Lin Wang adalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Record ngati njovu yemwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri mndende.
26. Njovu zimasambira kwambiri. Kuyika thunthu lawo m'madzi, amathanso kulowa pansi kupita pansi. Kuthamanga kumene njovu imasambira 2-6 km / h.
27. Njovu zimakonda kulankhulirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kotero kwa nthawi yayitali lilime la njovu linasungunuka.
28. Kafukufuku wolemba ndi Christian Herbst wa ku Yunivesite ya Vienna, wopangidwa ndi chindapusa cha njovu yakufa, adawonetsa kuti njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zolankhulirana. "Mawu" a chilankhulidwe cha njovu adalemeradi - Herbst adalemba zikwangwani ngati 470 zosiyanasiyana zomwe njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito. Amatha kulumikizana nawo pamtunda wautali, kuchenjeza za ngozi, kuwonetsa kubadwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni osiyanasiyana kwa abusa, kutengera malo omwe akukhalamo.
29. Mano a njovu amasintha pa nthawi ya moyo wawo nthawi 6-7, popeza amapuma msanga chifukwa chakudya. Njovu zachikulire kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachikazi, chifukwa njovu yomwe idasaya mano ake amathandizira abusa kudyetsa, koma abambo akale osungulumwa nthawi zambiri amafa ndi njala.
30. Pakulankhulana pakati pawo, njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu ambiri, manja ndi thunthu ndikuyika. Kutali mtunda wautali, infrasular imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kuthekera uku, njovu zimatha kumvana wina aliwonse mtunda wa 10 km.
31. Njovu sizituluka thukuta: Zisowa thukuta la sebaceous. Njovu kuti isaphike kutentha, njovu zimakonda kusamba kapena makutu.
32. Makutu a njovu zibowoledwa ndi mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe, mwa kutentha kwambiri, imakulitsa ndikusintha kutentha kwachilengedwe. M'nthawi yozizira, amakhala ochepa.
33. Pakatikati pa chakudya chomwe njovu imadya tsiku lililonse ndi ma kilogalamu 300. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa madzi oledzera, amasiyanasiyana. Kutengera chinyezi cha mlengalenga, njovu imatha kumwa malita 100 mpaka 300 patsiku.
34. Njovu ndizovala bwino kwambiri. Amachita zonse zofunikira njovu ndi thunthu lake: amadya, kutola masamba, kunyamula zinthu, kuthiriridwa. Pali nthawi zina pamene njovu zimapaka kapena kumatula osatseka ndi kiyi.
35. Mkazi wamkazi wa njovu amatha kubereka mwana masiku ochepa pachaka.
36. Kukhala ndi pakati pa njovu kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa zolengedwa zina zilizonse za padziko lapansi - miyezi 22. Mwana wakhanda wakhanda wolemera makilogalamu 100-120.
37. Monga anthu, njovu zimabadwa poyerekeza. Kenako amadzala makhwala amkaka, omwe pambuyo pake amasinthidwa ndi achilendo. Mano a njovu amapera msanga, mano ake akapera kutuluka, amayamba kugwa ndipo m'malo mwake mumakhala atsopano.
38. Thunthu la njovu kwenikweni ndi kupitiriza kwa milomo yake yapamwamba. Mothandizidwa ndi thunthu, njovu zimalumikizana mwachinsinsi, kunena moni, zimatha kutenga zinthu, kujambula, kumwa ndikutsuka.
39. Pamisonkhano, njovu zimapatsana moni ndi mwambo wapadera: Amadzipangira ndere.
40. Njovu zimathanso kuphunzira chilankhulo cha anthu. Njovu dzina lake Koshik, yemwe amakhala ku Asia, adaphunzira kutengera kuyankhula kwa anthu, kapena, mawu asanu: annyong (moni), anja (sit), aniya (ayi), nuo (bodza) ndi choah (wabwino). Koshik samangobwereza osawaganizira, koma, malinga ndi owonera, akumvetsa tanthauzo lake, chifukwa awa mwina ndi malamulo omwe amawapatsa kapena mawu olimbikitsa komanso osavomerezeka.
41. Njovu zazimuna zimakonda kukhala patali, koma pafupi ndi gulu lililonse.
42. Njovu, monga anthu, zimatha kukhala kumanzere ndi dzanja lamanzere. Kutengera ndi mtundu wa njovu yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri, imodzi mwa izo imakhala yaying'ono. Njovu zambiri zimakhala kumanja.
43. Kuteteza khungu lawo ku majeremusi ndi dzuwa lotentha, njovu zimachita machitidwe apadera tsiku lililonse. Ankaweruka ndi fumbi, owaza matope ndikusamba m'madzi.
44. Njovu ya ku Africa yam'madzi yotchedwa caudal vertebrae ili ndi zidutswa 26, zomwe ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa njovu yaku Asia, yomwe ili ndi zidutswa 33.
45. Pakakhala njala m'gulu la njovu, nyama zonse zimabalalika ndikudyetsa padera.
46. Njovu ndi zanzeru kwambiri. Ubongo wa njovu umalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 5 ndipo ndi wovuta kwambiri kuposa zolengedwa zina zonse. Chifukwa cha kuumbika kwa kapangidwe ka bongo, njovu zimakhala yachiwiri kokha kwa anamgumi. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti njovu zimakumana ndi chisangalalo, chisoni, chifundo, zimatha kuchita mgwirizano ndipo zimaphunzitsidwa mosavuta.
47. Njovu ndi nyama yosangalatsa. Kuphatikiza pa kuwapatsa moni, amathandizira njovu zazing'ono. Monga momwe mwana wamunthu wagwiritsitsa dzanja la amayi, momwemonso mwana wakhanda amagwiritsitsa njovu ndi thunthu. Njovu ikakumana ndi njovu yodyeka, imuthandiza nthawi yomweyo.
Seputembala 48.22 imakumbukiridwa ngati Tsiku la Chitetezo cha Njovu mdziko lapansi.
49. Njovu zimakonda kudwala magazi, nyamakazi ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
50. Njovu zilibe nzeru zochulukirapo, komanso zamitima yabwino. Wina wa banja la njovu akamwalira, achibale ake amamukweza ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, kuwomba lipenga mokulira, kenako ndikumugudubuza kuchikuto ndikukutira ndi nthambi ndikuziponya pansi. Kenako njovu zimakhala mwakachetechete ndi thupi kwa masiku ena angapo. Palinso zochitika pamene njovu zimayesanso kuyika m'manda anthu, nthawi zina zolakwika zomwe zimagona anthu akufa.
1. Pali mitundu itatu ya njovu
Anthu onse am'banja la njovu agawika mitundu itatu: Njovu zaku Africa (African shroud Elephant)Loxodonta africana,, MalawiLoxodonta cyclotis) ndi njovu yaku Asia kapena ku India (Elephas maximus) Njovu zaku Africa ndizokulirapo kuposa njovu zaku Asia, ndipo amuna akuluakulu amatha kulemera matani 7 (zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala zolengedwa zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi). Njovu yaku Asia imalemera pang'ono, pafupifupi matani asanu.
Mwa njira, njovu ya ku Africa kuno idawonedwa ngati njovu ya ku savannah ya ku Africa, koma kuwunika kwa majini kukuwonetsa kuti mitundu iwiriyi ya njovu idalekanitsidwa kwinakwake kuchokera zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo.
2. Thunthu la njovu - gawo lonse la thupi
Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake kwakukulu, gawo lowonekera kwambiri la njovuyo ndi thunthu lake, lomwe limawoneka ngati mphuno lalitali kwambiri ndi milomo yapamwamba. A Njovu amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ikuluikulu yawo kuti asangopumira, kuwombera ndi kudya, amatha kugwira nthambi zamitengo, kukweza zinthu zolemera mpaka makilogalamu 350, kumenya njovu zina, kukumba pansi akusaka madzi ndikudzipangira shafa. Thunthu lake limakhala ndi ulusi woposa 100,000 wa minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chosavuta komanso chokhazikika, mwachitsanzo, njovu imatha kugwiritsa ntchito chitamba chake kusenda nandolo popanda kuwononga pakati, kapena kupukuta maso ndi litsiro, kapena kuyeretsa mbali zina za thupi.
3. Makutu amathandizira njovu kuzizira
Poganizira kukula kwake, komanso momwe nyengo yotentha komanso yanyontho imakhalira, nyamazo zimasinthasintha kutentha kwa thupi lawo pakusintha kwa nyengo. Njovu singagone makutu ake kuti iuluke (la la Dumbo Disney), koma malo ake akuluakulu amakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri yamagazi yomwe imatenthetsera kutentha kwa chilengedwe ndipo imathandizira kuziziritsa thupi pakuwala. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti makutu akulu a njovu ali ndi mwayi wina wosinthira: m'malo abwino, njovu yaku Africa kapena ku Asia imatha kumva kuyitanidwa kwa wachibale wodwala kuchokera mtunda wopitilira 8 km, komanso njira yolowera nyama zilizonse zomwe zingaopseze ana ang'onoang'ono.
4. Njovu ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri
Mwanjira yotsimikizika kwambiri ya mawu, njovu zimakhala ndi ubongo waukulu - mpaka 5.5 kg mwa amuna akuluakulu, poyerekeza ndi 1-2 kg kwa munthu wamba (komabe, ubongo wa njovu ndi wocheperako kuposa munthu, potengera kulemera kwa thupi). A Njovu samangodziwa kugwiritsa ntchito thunthu lawo ngati chida, komanso akuwonetsa kudzindikira (mwachitsanzo, kudzizindikira pagalasi) ndikumvera chisoni kwa ziwalo zina. A njovu ena adasokoneza mafupa a abale awo omwe anamwalira, ngakhale akatswiri azachilengedwe amavomereza kuti izi zimatsimikizira kuti imfa ndiyosamveka.
Zojambula zapadera za kapangidwe ka thupi
Njovu ndi nyama zodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe kawo ka thupi ndi kapadera. Palibe nyama iliyonse yam'madzi yomwe ili ndi chodabwitsa komanso pafupifupi chilengedwe chonse. Zotsatira za kusinthika, mphuno ya nyamayo idasakanikirana ndi mlomo wapamwamba - ndikuphatikizanso ntchito zopumira, kuthekera kununkhiza ndikusewera, komanso ngakhale kulandira madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chosinthasintha komanso kusunthasuntha, thunthu limakhala ngati cholocha cha njovu m'malo mwake. Kupezeka kwa minofu pafupifupi zana limodzi m'thupi lino kumakupatsani mwayi wokweza kwambiri.
Njovu zimadziwika ndi fungo lamphamvu, kumva komanso kukhudza, koma mawonekedwe awo ndi ofooka - ndiwovuta kuwona patali kupitilira 10 m.
Atsogoleri a njovu zamakono anali amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zida zawo zinali zida zowopsa. Masiku ano, njovu zangosunga njovu imodzi yokha, ndipo kukula kwake ndizotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitengo imeneyo yomwe imatha kuwoneka pokha pazoyang'ana zakale.
Masiku ano, ma teks pafupifupi sabweretsa phindu loyenera, koma ali ndi ntchito yokongoletsa, mwachitsanzo, pazaka zamwini wawo. Munthu amagwiritsa ntchito minyanga ya njovu ngati zodzikongoletsera, zaluso, etc. Koma mtengo wa njovu zokwera mtengo nthawi zambiri ndi moyo wa njovu. Malamulo amateteza njovu, koma ozembetsa akupitiliza kuwaononga ambiri.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, njovu zimakhala zodala komanso zodala, zimakhala ndi malire moyenera.
5. M'mkhola, wamkazi wamkulu
Njovu zakhazikitsa ubale wapadera: kwenikweni, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala mosiyana, zimangokumana pang'ono chabe nthawi yakubzala. Akazi atatu kapena anayi limodzi ndi ana awo amasonkhana m khola (pafupifupi anthu 12), pomwe anyani amphongo amakhala okha kapena amapanga ng'ombe zazing'ono zazimuna (njovu za savannah nthawi zina zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu kuposa anthu zana) . Ziweto zachikazi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a matriarate: nthumwi zonse zimatsata mtsogoleri (wamkazi wamkulu), ndipo mkazi wamkulu akamwalira, njovu yake yotsatira imatenga malo ake. Monga anthu (osachepera nthawi zambiri), akazi odziwa bwino amatchuka chifukwa cha nzeru zawo ndikuphunzitsa ena abusa.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
A Njovu sakonda kusungulumwa ndipo amakhala m'matanthwe akuluakulu momwe mumatha kupitako mitu makumi asanu. Njovu zimakhala ndi nzeru zambiri komanso zimasiyana siyana.
Amatha kukondana komanso kukondana, kucheza komanso kusamalirana wina ndi mnzake. Kuphatikiza apo, njovu zimakumbukira bwino komanso kudekha mtima.
Kholo lalikulu limalamulira kuti njovu zizipezeka. Tsiku lililonse amafunika kuyamwa chakudya chambiri, motero ntchito yayikulu ya njovu ndimasaka ake, pomwe gulu limayenda maulendo ataliatali. Njovu ndizitsamba. Amadyera mbewu, mizu, zipatso, ndipo makungwa amapita kukadya.
Mwachilengedwe, njovu imafunanso madzi ambiri, chifukwa chake nyama izi zimayima pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mwa njira, zomwe zimadabwitsa, koma njovu zimasambira bwino, ndipo ngati zingafune, zitha kukonzanso shawa yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito thunthu lawo labwino.
Kawonedwe kena ka njovu ku India kwadziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito nthambi ngati swatter swatter.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa njovu pafupifupi kumakhala kwa munthu, kumatha kufikira zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri kapena kupitirira.
Alibe ubweya, koma khungu lakuda ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri kuzizira komanso kutentha kwa usiku. Njovu ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo sizimagona kuposa maola anayi.
Njovu imatenga njovu kwa miyezi makumi awiri ndi iwiri - ndipo iyi ndiyotalikirapo kuposa zolengedwa zina zonse zouluka. Gulu lonse likuwonetsetsa chidwi ndi mwanawankhosa, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake ndiwachilendo.
Njovu zimadzizindikiritsa ngati chithunzi chagalasi, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ngati chizindikiritso.
Njovu sizimapanga phokoso nthawi zambiri, koma zimalankhulana bwino. Mwachitsanzo, makutu otseguka ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizira chankhanza. Kuomba makutu ndiwonetsero wosapita m'mbali, wosonyeza kuopsa. Pokwiya kapena kuchita mantha, njovu ndiyowopsa, ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti mdani angachoke amoyo: njovu ikhoza kuipondaponda ndi unyinji wayo waukulu. Ntchito ndi chida chowopsa.
Komabe, phokoso limatha kukhala chisonyezero cha malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Lipenga la njovu, limagwira ndipo limatha kufinya, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito thunthu pochotsa mawu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
6. Mimba mwa mkazi imakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri
Njovu zaku Africa zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri pakati pa zolengedwa zonse zapadziko lapansi, ndi miyezi 22 (ngakhale pakati pa nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi shiti, shaki yotsogola ili patsogolo, nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoposa zaka 2, ndipo malinga ndi malipoti ena siposatha zaka 3.5! ) Njovu zatsopano zikabadwa zimalemera oposa 100 kg. Yaikazi imaberekera ana zaka 4-5 zilizonse.
7. Njovu zasintha zaka zoposa 50 miliyoni.
A njovu ndi makolo awo kale anali ochulukirapo kuposa masiku ano. Monga momwe kungaweruzidwe ndi umboni wa zinthu zakale, kholo lalikulu kwambiri la njovu zonse zinali phosphaterium yaying'ono yofanana ndi nkhumba (Phosphatherium), yemwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Africa pafupifupi zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo. Zaka makumi mamiliyoni pambuyo pake, cha kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Eocene, "mbalame za njovu" zodziwika bwino, monga phiomy (Phiomia) ndi zotchinga (Barytherium), yoyimiriridwa pachyderms pamtunda. Pakufika kumapeto kwa Cenozoic, nthambi zina za banja la njovu zimadziwika ndi ma fangayi otsika, ndipo nthawi ya golide inali nthawi ya Pleistocene, zaka miliyoni zapitazo, pomwe ma mastodon aku North America ndi mameseya aubweya amayenda akufalikira ku North America ndi Europe. Masiku ano, zachilendo kwambiri, achibale apafupi kwambiri a njovu ndi agugong ndi manate.
8. Njovu ndi gawo lofunikira mwachilengedwe.
Monga kapena ayi, njovu zimakhudzanso malo okhala. Amakweza mitengo, kupangira pansi pansi pa mapazi awo, ndipo mpaka amakulitsa dala mipata ya madzi kuti asambe. Zochita zotere sizipindulitsa njovu zokha, komanso nyama zina zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito malo amenewa. Mwachitsanzo, njovu zaku Africa zimadziwika kukumba m'mapanga m'mphepete mwa Phiri la Elgon kumalire a Kenya / Uganda, pomwepo amazigwiritsa ntchito populumukira ndi mileme, tizilombo, ndi zazinyama zazing'ono. Njovu zikamadya malo amodzi ndikusemphana kwina, zimagwira ngati zonyamula mbeu zofunika. Zomera zambiri, mitengo ndi zitsamba zimavutika kuti zikhale ndi moyo ngati mbewu zake sizikupezeka mkutulutsa njovu.
9. Njovu zogwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo
Palibe china chosangalatsa kuposa njovu ya matani asanu yokongoletsedwa ndi zida zapamwamba ndi mikondo yakuthwa yoluka kumiyendo yake. Kugwiritsa ntchito nyama pomenya nkhondo inali njira yokhazikitsira mantha m'dani - kapena osachitapo kanthu zaka zoposa 2000 zapitazo pamene adalembedwa m'matumba ankhondo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njovu zankhondo kunakula pafupifupi 400-300 BC. ndipo adakhala mpaka kuukira kwa Roma kudutsa mapiri a Alps mu 217 BC Pambuyo pake, njovu zidagwiritsidwabe ntchito pazotukuka zaku Mediterranean, ndipo zidagawidwanso pakati pa atsogoleri ankhondo aku India ndi Asia. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1500, atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti, njovu imatha kugwa mosavuta ikamawombera.
10. Njovu zikupitilizabe kuopsa chifukwa cha malonda a minyanga
Njovu, monga nyama zina zopanda chitetezo, zimakumana ndi zoopsa zambiri: kuwonongeka, kuwononga malo komanso kulowerera kwachitukuko cha anthu. Amakhala osatetezeka makamaka kwa akuba omwe amayamwitsa nyama zomwe zimayamwa minyanga ya njovu. Mu 1990, kuletsedwa kwa malonda a minyanga padziko lonse lapansi kudapangitsa kuti njovu zaku Africa zizipitilizabe, koma ozunza aku Africa adapitilizabe kutsutsa malamulo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zomwe zachitika ndi chisankho chaposachedwa ku China choletsa kuti njovu zizitumiza kapena kutumiza kuchokera kumayiko ena; Pakadali pano, njovu zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha.
Zimphona
Njovu ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kulemera kwawo kwakukulu kumafikira matani asanu, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi mamita 6-7. Mu 1956, njovu yolemera matani 11 inaphedwa ku Angola.
Njovu zidzabadwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mkazi amatenga mwana miyezi 22, kulemera kwa wakhanda ndi kilogalamu 120.
Ubongo wa njovu umalemera kilogalamu 5, mtima - 20-30 kilogalamu. Imamenyedwa pafupipafupi ma 30 kumenya pamphindi.
Kuti adyetse "colossus", njovu imayenera kuyang'ana chakudya ndi kudya tsiku lonse, pafupifupi maola 20. Njovu imadya makilogalamu 45 mpaka 450 a zakudya zamasamba tsiku lililonse, imamwa madzi okwanira 100 mpaka 300 malita.
A njovu amakhala zaka 50-70. Koma pali malipoti. Njovu yomenyera nkhondo (inatumikirapo gulu lankhondo la China) Lin Wang aku Taiwan anamwalira mu 2003 ali ndi zaka 86.
Zanzeru
Aristotle adalemba kuti: "Njovu ndi nyama yomwe imaposa ena onse mu nzeru ndi luntha." Njovu zimakumbukiradi bwino komanso zimakhala ndi nzeru zapamwamba. A Njovu ankathanso kuphunzira chilankhulo cha anthu. Njovu dzina lake Koshik, yemwe amakhala ku Asia, adaphunzira kutengera kuyankhula kwa anthu, kapena, mawu asanu: annyong (moni), anja (sit), aniya (ayi), nuo (bodza) ndi choah (wabwino). Koshik samangobwereza osawaganizira, koma, malinga ndi owonera, akumvetsa tanthauzo lake, chifukwa awa mwina ndi malamulo omwe amawapatsa kapena mawu olimbikitsa komanso osavomerezeka.
Kulankhulana
Njovu nthawi zambiri zimalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito zopanda pake, kotero kwa nthawi yayitali lilime la njovu linasungunuka. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Christian Herbst wa ku Yunivesite ya Vienna, wopangidwa ndi chitseko cha njovu yakufa, adawonetsa kuti njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zolankhulirana.
"Mawu" a lilime la njovu adalemeradi - Herbst adalemba zikwangwani ngati 470 zomwe njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito .. Zimatha kulumikizana mtunda wautali, kuchenjeza zoopsa, kupereka lipoti kubadwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni osiyanasiyana kwa abusa. kutengera udindo wawo wolowa m'malo.
Ntchito
Njovu, monga anthu, zimatha kukhala kumanzere ndi dzanja lamanzere. Kutengera ndi mtundu wa njovu yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri, imodzi mwa izo imakhala yaying'ono. Kwazaka zana ndi theka zapitazi, kutalika kwa mitengo ya njovu ku Africa ndi India kwachepera. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthumwi zikuluzikulu zaanthu zimayamba kuzunzidwa, ndipo kutalika kwa milawuyo ndi mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo.
Ntchito za njovu zakufa ndizosowa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, kwa nthawi yayitali panali malingaliro akuti njovu zimapita kukafa m'manda achinsinsi a njovu. M'zaka zana zokha zomaliza pomwe zidapezeka kuti ma tambala amadya michere, motero kulipirira chakudya chamchere.
Kuyendetsa njovu
Njovu za nyama, ngakhale zili zanzeru, zimatha kukhala zoopsa. Njovu zazimuna nthawi zambiri zimadutsa dera lotchedwa "ayenera." Pakadali pano, mulingo wa testosterone m'magazi a nyama ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa 60 zabwinobwino.
Kuti akwaniritse bwino komanso kudzicepetsa pakati pa njovu, amayamba kuwaphunzitsa kuyambira ali ana. Njira imodzi yothandiza ndi iyi: phazi la njovu limamangirizidwa ku mtengo. Pang'onopang'ono, amayamba kuzolowera kuti sizingatheke kudzipulumutsa pawokha. Chinyama chikakula, ndikokwanira kuchiphatikiza ndi mtengo wachichepere, ndipo njovu singayese kudzipulumutsa.
Mwambo wamaliro
A njovu samangokhala ndi anzeru kwambiri, komanso amitima yabwino. Wina wa banja la njovu akamwalira, ndiye kuti achibale ake amamukweza ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, chipwirikiti, kenako nkugubuduza ndikukulira ndi nthambi ndikuwotchera pansi. Kenako njovu zimakhala mwakachetechete ndi thupi kwa masiku ena angapo.
Palinso zochitika pamene njovu zimayesanso kuyika m'manda anthu, nthawi zina zolakwika zomwe zimagona anthu akufa.
Mawonekedwe a njovu
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, njovu ndi abale apamtima a mammam omwe adakhalako padziko lapansi zaka zambiri zapitazo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pakadali pano izi ndi zomwe zimayamwa zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi thunthu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka moni ndi njovu zina. Nyama zimalumikizana ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ndipo motero amapatsana moni, komanso kudziwana.
Komanso njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito miyendo polankhulana. Amenya nawo pansi motero amakamba za kupezeka kwawo. Mtundu wamitundu yamphamvu imasinthira chizindikiro pamtunda wamakilomita angapo.
Chosangalatsa chokhudza njovu ndichakuti njovu zimakhala ndi khutu losakhazikika munyimbo. Zimasiyanitsa bwino nyimbo komanso zolemba. Izi ndi zomwe zimawalola kuvina koseketsa nyimbo. Nthawi yomweyo, iwo amagwera mu nyimbo, zomwe zimawonjezera kuwona.
Njovu zimakumbukira kwambiri. Amatha kukumbukira nkhope yonse ya munthu yemwe adawakhumudwitsa zaka zambiri zapitazo. Zotsatira zake, nyamayo iyesadi kubwezera. Pansi pa "phazi lotentha" limatha kugwa anthu osalakwa kotheratu. Mwachitsanzo, ku India, mlandu udalembedwa pomwe njovu yakutchire idazunza nyumba yaying'ono kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyamayo idawononga nyumba ndikupha anthu. Nyumba zoposa 100 ndipo anthu pafupifupi 30 adakhudzidwa ndi njovu. Zotsatira zake, mamina amayenera kuphedwa.
Njovu zimatha kumanzere kumanzere kapena kumanja. Zowona, mosiyana ndi anthu, izi zimawonetsedwa pang'ono.
Makutu a njovu anapangidwira kuti azingomva, komanso kuti apereke mawonekedwe pakhungu. Akasunthira m'thupi, kutentha kwambiri kumachotsedwa. Zotsatira zake, nyama zimatha kupewa kutentha chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
Kugona njovu zitaimirira. Mulimonsemo, izi zimagwira ntchito kwa nyama zaku Africa. Kutalika kwa kugona ndi pafupifupi maola anayi. Nthawi yonseyi, nyama zimasaka chakudya ndikuyamwa.
Kafukufuku wa X-ray adawonetsa kuti njovu zimatsamira pachala zawo poyenda. Komabe, sizowonongeka ndipo zimapirira mosavuta kulemera kwamatoni angapo.
Kusunthira mwakachetechete pansi, pamapazi a njovu, chilengedwe chimakhala ndi unyinji wonyezimira. Iye ndi mtundu wamtundu wamawu. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zimaloleza nyama zolemera kuti zisamire m'malo otentha.
Kukula kwa njovu kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa kusindikiza kwa phazi.
Njovu
Wachikulire amamwa malita a madzi 100-300 patsiku. Kuchuluka kwake kumatengera kukhalapo kwa moto mumsewu.
Ponena za chakudya, tsiku limodzi njovu zimadya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 300 a zipatso, udzu ndi masamba. Muukapolo, kukula kotumikirako kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa chakusowa kwa magalimoto.
Kulemera kwa mwana wakhanda wakhanda woposa sentimita imodzi.
Ubongo wa chinyama chachikulu umalemera kilogalamu 5. Mitima - 25-30 kilogalamu. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi nyama zina ndi anthu. Pafupifupi, kumakhala kumenya ma 30 pamphindi.
Pa thunthu la nyamayi pali zolandilira pafupifupi 40,000 zomwe zimayambitsa kununkhira.
Pakadali pano pali nyama pafupifupi 500,000 za ku Africa kuno ndi nyama za India pafupifupi 50,000.
Chidwi ndi njovu
A njovu ndi akatswiri a zaka zenizeni. Chojambulira ndicho nyama yomwe yakhala zaka 86. Pafupifupi, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimasiyana pang'ono pa moyo wamunthu. Akapolo, zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zimakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa ufulu. Izi ndichifukwa chosowa ngozi komanso kudya mokwanira.
Njovu zimapambana pakatha nthawi yobala mwana. Amayi awo amatenga chaka chimodzi ndi miyezi 10. Ndipo anthu amadandaulirabe kutopa kuyambira miyezi 9 yapakati. Ndiye ukunena chiyani kwa njovu?!
Njovu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ilipo tsopano, imakhala mu Ramat Gan safari park ku Israel - Yosya. Kulemera kwake ndi matani 6. Kukula - masentimita 370. Kutalika kwa mchira ndi mita imodzi. Thunthu lake ndi masentimita 250 kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa makutu ndi masentimita 120. Kukula kwa mankhwalawa ndi masentimita 50.
Komabe, samafikira Njovu yaku Africa, Mukusso, yemwe amakhala ku Angola. Kulemera kwa nyamayo kunaposa matani 12.
Njovu zimatha kusambira bwino. Asayansi amaika mbiri yakale pamene nyama ya munthu wamkulu wadutsa pamtunda wamakilomita 70. Nthawi yomweyo, nyamayo inafika pansi pafupi ndi ma mita ochepa kuchokera pagombe. Idakutira mtunda wonsewo posambira.
Zina zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi njovu
Tenga njovu zaku India. Mwa Afirika samalumikizana ndi munthu. Komabe, kuphunzira nyama sikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Ku India, zolengedwa zazikazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo.
Njovu zimathandizana. Mwana wa munthu akakhala pamavuto, gulu lonse limathamangira kukamuthandiza. Wina wa ng'ombe akamwalira, nyama zotsalazo zimamukonzera maliro ndi kumufotokozera mavuto awo ndi maonekedwe awo onse. Zina zalembedwapo nthawi zina njovu zikafuna kuyika munthu m'manda pafupi ndi omwe adamwalirayo.
M'dziko lonse lotukuka, kusaka njovu koletsedwa. Komabe, mitundu ingapo ya ku Africa ndi anthu olemera akupitiliza kupha nyama zoyamwitsa. Loyamba ndi la chakudya. Zina ndizosangalatsa kapena zodulira, zomwe mtengo wake pamsika udakali wokwera kwambiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti malonda aulesi ndi oletsedwa. Komabe, ikuleka ndani?!
Kuphatikiza apo, zaka mazana angapo zapitazi, kukula kwa njovu zachepa. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chimayesetsa kupulumutsa nyama. Nyama zokhala ndi timisamba tating'onoting'ono sizili ndi chidwi kwa osaka.
Komabe, m'maiko omwe njovu zimadziwika kuti ndi zopatulika, sizigwirizana kwenikweni ndi momwe zilili. Mwachitsanzo, ku Thailand, zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zimakhalanso ndi tchuthi chawo. Amakondedwa ndikulemekezedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusangalatsa alendo. Kuti njovu imvere mwini wake, inamumenya. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito ndodo yayitali yokhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa yachitsulo.
Njovu zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Mu malo osungira nyama, iwo saloledwa mwayi wotere. Zotsatira zake, nyama zambiri zimapezeka ndi vuto la miyendo. Kupangira nsapato zapadera kuti zithandizire njovu. Chimateteza mapazi ndikupatsa nyamayo chitonthozo.
Ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji, njovu zomwe zinali mndende sizimaswana. Zotsatira zake, pali gulu lonse mdziko lapansi lomwe mamembala ake amalimbikitsa ufulu wanyama. Zochitika m'mabungwe ngati amenewa zadzetsa umboni kuti m'zaka zingapo zapitazi ku America kokha, malo opitilira 20 kapena malo osiyana njovu adatsekedwa. Nyama zimakhazikitsidwanso malo osungira ndi maulendo ena, komwe zimakhala kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti njovu zimawopa mbewa. Izi ndi nthano chabe. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti alibe mantha. Njovu zikuopa njuchi.
Njovu zosowa kwambiri ndizoyera. Ku Thailand, ndi chizolowezi chowapatsa kwa mfumu. Palinso nthano kuti Milky Way si china koma gulu la njovu zoyera zomwe zimadyera kuthambo.