Kunja, nyamazo zimafanana ndi mbewa. Komabe, zina zosiyanitsa, monga maso ang'onoang'ono okhala pamutu ndi makutu pafupi kubisidwa ndi ubweya, zimawonetsa kutsogola kwanthawi yayitali.
Kuphatikiza apo, thupi lalikulu komanso mutu waukulu, wolumikizana ndi khosi lalifupi komanso lalifupi, mulinso a morphological. Chizindikiro cha tuco-tuco chili ndi mawonekedwe enaake osanja.
Makoko awa ali ndi miyendo yolimba komanso yayifupi, ndipo kutsogolo kumafupika pang'ono kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, koma zikhadabo zamphamvu zakutsogolo zimapangidwa kwambiri. Phazi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba lofanana ndi bristles. Chifukwa cha mabatani, phazi limakulirakudya, ndikuphatikiza apo, poyeretsa ubweya, mabatani amagwira ntchito zisa.
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Mchira wamfupi wakuda umaphimbidwanso ndi tsitsi lakelo. Ubweya womwe umakhala pakhungu la pentiyi umatha kukhala wopepuka - kapena wamdima - woderapo, komanso waimvi - wachikasu kapena wamdima - wachikaso. Pali mitundu itatu ya nipples pamimba pa tuco-tuco achikazi. Pali mano 20 mkamwa mwa ndodo iyi.
Kuchuluka kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kukhala 200 mpaka 700 g. Kutalika, nyama izi zimatha kukula mpaka 25 cm, ndipo mchira wawo mpaka 11 cm.
Mawonekedwe
Makoko ang'onoang'ono, omwe kulemera kwake kumafikira 700 g. Kutalika kwa thupi 17-25 masentimita, mchira wa 6-8 masentimita. Zizindikiro zam'mbuyomu zimawonetsa kulimba kwambiri chifukwa cha moyo wobisika. Tuco-tuco ali ndi thupi lalikulu, lalikulu, lokhala ndi mutu waukulu pakhosi lalifupi. Phokoso lakhala lodzaza. Maso ndi ochepa, amakhala pamutu, ma auricles amachepetsa kwambiri. Miyendo yake ndi yaifupi, yopanda minofu, ndipo matambawo ali afupiafupi kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Manja ndi miyendo ndi zokulungika, zili ndi mikono yayitali, yamphamvu (zopangidwa patsogolo. Phazi limakulungidwa ndi burashi louma ngati tsitsi, lomwe limakulitsa malo ake ndikugwirira ntchito ngati chotsukira ubweya. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Mtambo wazitali zazitali ndi zazitali. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda kapena wowala bulauni, wamtambo wachikasu kapena wachikasu chakuda. Chachikazi chimakhala ndi ma buluzi atatu. Mano 20, zazikulu, zamphamvu zofunikira zimadziwika. Kwakukulukulu, tuco-tuco amafanana ndi akatswiri aku North America, koma alibe matumba.
Moyo
Tuco-tuco amakhala m'malo otentha a South America - kuchokera kumwera kwa Peru ndi Mato Grosso (Brazil) mpaka ku Tierra del Fuego. M'mapiriwo amatalika mpaka 5000 m pamwamba pamtunda wa nyanja, amakonda kukhala pamtunda wamtunda, wopanda mapiri. Amakhala moyo wapansi, omanga machitidwe owoneka bwino ophatikizidwa ndi zipinda zodyera, ma pantries ndi zimbudzi. Pomanga tuco-tuco amakonda nthaka yosaloleka kapena yamchenga. Tuco-Tuco Wamadzi (Ctenomys lewisi) Amanga mabowo m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndipo, mwachiwonekere, amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi. Amakumba tuk-tuko makamaka osati ndi kutsogolo kwawo, koma ndi zofunikira, kenako kutulutsa pansi ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Pakakhala zoopsa, tuko-tuko mwachangu komanso mosazungulira amabwerera mozama kwambiri m'makola kumbuyo - mchira umagwira ngati gawo lawo lanthete.
Tuco-tuco amagwira ntchito madzulo komanso m'mawa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malire, popeza kulibe madera ambiri dothi labwino tuco-tuco. M'malo abwino, mpaka anthu 200 amakhala limodzi pabedi la 1 km 2. Komabe, nyama imodzi kapena yaimuna yomwe imakula msanga imakhala mdzenje limodzi. Ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa cha kufuula mokweza kwa "tuku-tuku-tuko" kapena "tlok-sasa-tlok" kuchenjeza za ngoziyi. Nyamazo zimadyera pansi panthaka, zabwino za masamba ndi zimayambira, zomwe zimakokera pansi mobisa. Tuco-tuco amawonongera mbewu ndi minda, ndikuwononga mizu ya mbewu zobzalidwa.
M'chaka, chachikazi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi lita imodzi ya 1-5-5. Mimba imatenga masiku 103-107. Makanda obadwa kumene amapangidwa bwino, ndipo patangopita masiku ochepa amatha kusiyanitsa zakudya zawo zamkaka ndi zakudya zamasamba. Pazaka pafupifupi pafupifupi chimodzi, amayamba kukhwima. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka zitatu.
Mndandanda wazinyama
Pakadali pano, mitundu 38 ndi yolumikizana m'banjamo. Ctenomys. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wautali - m'mitundu yambiri tuco-tuco amakhala anthu akutali. Fossil zotsalazo zimatanthauzira kuti mbewa zobedwa kale ku Pliocene yoyambirira. Zikuwoneka kuti, abale apafupi kwambiri a mbewa ya crest ndi makoswe ochokera ku banja la mano 8.
Tuco-tuco zakudya
Chakudya chachikulu cha nyama izi ndi gawo lobisika la zomera, lomwe lili ndi zipatso kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakudya makoswe, musangokhutitsa njala, komanso kupeza chinyezi chofunikira mthupi.
Tuco-tuco ndi nyama zamtchire.
Kuswana kwa Tuco-tuco
Makatani oyamwa akuyamba m'mwezi wa Julayi ndipo amakhala mpaka Okutobala. Mimba mu tuco-tuco wamkazi imatenga masiku 103. Ng'ombe zimabadwa kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwawo mu zinyalala sikokwanira kupitirira 5. Ana ang'ono a tuco-tuco amapangidwa mwaluso ndipo amatha nthawi yomweyo kusiya chisa, komanso kulawa magawo obiriwira zomera. Kutalika kwa moyo wa makoswe awa ndi zaka zitatu.
Makoko awa nthawi zambiri amakhala chakudya chamadzikoli.
Adani a Tuco-Tuco
Palibe adani omwe ali ndi mbewa zachilengedwe, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi zinthu monga matenda komanso kusintha kwa nyengo zomwe zikukhudza kusungidwa kwa chakudya.
Komabe, nyamazo zimasakidwa ndi nzika zam'deralo - Patagonians, popeza mkhalidwe wachuma m'malo awa sapereka nyama yambiri.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Mtundu: Ctenomys Blainville, 1826 = Tuco-tuco
Makulidwe ake ndi ochepa. Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi masentimita 17-25. Kutalika kwa mchira ndi 6-2 masentimita. Unyinji wa chinyama chachikulu ndi 200-700 g .Zizindikiro zam'mbuyomu zimasonyeza kulimba kwambiri chifukwa cha moyo wobisika. Zolimbitsa thupi ndi zolemera. Mutu ndi wokulirapo, khosi limakhala lakuda komanso lalifupi. Maso ang'ono amakhala pamwamba pamutu. The auricles amachepetsa kwambiri. Phokoso lakhala lodzaza.
Thupi ndi cylindrical. Miyendo imafupikitsidwa, yamisempha. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, wozungulira wopingasa. Zolocha ndizofupikirako pang'ono kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Dzanja ndi phazi ndilazifupi, zisanu. Zala zonse zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zamphamvu, zimakulitsidwa mwamphamvu pamafelemu. St. opa imalumikizidwa ndi burashi wa tsitsi lalitali ngati bristle. Mchirawo umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Mtambo wazitali zosiyanasiyana komanso zofewa. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda kapena wowala bulauni, wamtambo wachikasu kapena wachikasu chakuda. Ziphuphu 3 awiriawiri.
Chigoba chokhala ndi gawo lalikulu la nkhope. Njira za postorbital nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo. Mafupa a Parietal okhala ndi zitunda zopangidwa bwino. Ngoma zamagetsi zochuluka. Ma infraorbital foramen alibe njira yodutsitsa mitsempha. Mafupa a Zygomatic okhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri, lomera. Odulira ndi amphamvu. Zopangira zapamwamba ndizowongoka pang'ono kumbuyo. Mizu ya zotsogola zapamwamba imapitilira kumbuyo. Mano a masaya adakutidwa kuchokera kumtunda, khola lamkati la khoma lawo la enamel kulibe. Chomaliza chomaliza cha nsagwada zam'mwamba komanso zotsika ndizochepa.
Ma Chromosomes mu diploid anakhazikitsidwa kuchokera 26 mu C. opimus, 36 mu C. magella-nicus, mpaka 48 mu C. talarum ndi C. porteousi ndi 61 mu C. tuconax.
Kugawidwa ku South America kuchokera ku South Peru ndi Mato Grosso, ku Brazil, kumwera kupita ku Tierra del Fuego.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Amakwera m'mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa mamitala 5,000 pamtunda wa nyanja, amakonda malo osakhazikika m'mapiri osiyanasiyana. Amakhala ndi moyo wapansi pansi. Nthaka zomasuka kapena zamchenga nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa, ngakhale zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana okhala ndi chinyezi chosiyanasiyana. Tuco-tuco wamadzi amapanga mabowo m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, ndipo, mwachiwonekere, amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi.
Kugwira ntchito madzulo ndi m'mawa kwambiri. Si kawirikawiri konse padziko lapansi. Kukumba • Ndondomeko yovuta ya mabowo apansi panthaka yolumikizana ndi chipinda chocheperako. Pali makamera opangira chakudya. Nthaka imakankhidwa kunja kwa mabowo kumapeto kwakumbuyo. Amadyetsa makamaka m'malo mobisa, zipatso zamasamba. Kulira mofuula ndi kakhalidwe: ngati "tuku-tuku-tuko" kapena "tlok-sasa-tlok". M'chaka, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malita amodzi a 1-5-5. Mimba imatenga masiku 103-107.
Ku Uruguay, nthawi yakukhwima imagwera pa Julayi - Okutobala. Makanda obadwa kumene amakula bwino. Mu C. peruanus, ana atangobadwa kumene amatha kuchoka chisa ndikudya masamba obiriwira a zomera. Zaka zokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Posachedwa, chiwerengero cha tuco-tuco chatsika kwambiri.
M'banjamo muli mtundu 1: tuco-tuco - Ctenomys de Blainville, 1826, ndi mitundu 27.