Ngati mungaganize zodzisankhira nokha nsomba, ndiye kuti nsomba yoyamba yomwe muyenera kupeza ndi nsomba. Ndiwadongosolo labwino kwambiri omwe amatsuka pansi pa ntchofu. Pali mitundu yambiri yam'madzi a nsomba za aquarium, kukula kwake kungakhale kuchokera pamasentimita angapo kupita pamamita angapo.
Kapangidwe ka matupi awo ndi zachilendo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsomba za Catfish zikhale zokonda za am'madzi ambiri. Kuti muthamangitse nsomba zam'madzi mu nsomba zanu, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa chisamaliro chomwe amafunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisamalira komanso azigwirizana ndi nsomba zina.
Kufotokozera kwapadera kwokhala nsomba za m'madzi
Oimira onse a catfish amakonda moyo wamadzulo, womwe unkawonekera mwa maonekedwe awo. Alibe mtundu wowala kwambiri makamaka bulauni, beige kapena imviomwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi utoto wapansi.
Inde, pali zosiyana zina mtundu wowalaMwachitsanzo, chikasu kapena siliva-imvi.
Nsomba zopanda mamba musakhale ndi masikelo, monga nsomba zina zambiri, matupi awo amaphimbidwa ndi khungu kapena mafupa. Zipsepse zomwe zimakhala kumbali yakumbuyo ndi kumbuyo zili ndi malovu, ndipo pakamwa pamakhala timiyendo tambiri.
Kukhazikitsidwa ndi makonzedwe a aquarium
Ndikwabwino ngati nsomba zam'madzi zokhala ndi mphaka zingakhale m'chipinda chachete, chifukwa phokoso likhoza kusokoneza thanzi lawo. Malo osankhidwa sayenera kukhala owala kwambiri, chifukwa monga okonda zausiku, somam ndi yoyenera kwambiri nthawi yamadzulo. Kumbuyo kwa aquarium kuyenera kukhala chokongoletsedwa kapena kutembenukira kukhoma.
Monga mukudziwira, nsomba za mphaka zimakhala nthawi yambiri pansi, motero ndikofunika kutero malowa anali akulu kwambiri momwe angathere, komanso kutalika kwa madzi am'madzi kulibe kanthu. Zotengera zopota sizabwino kwenikweni zamtunduwu, chifukwa sizingatheke kuyika zida zofunika.
Kuchuluka kwa aquarium kuyenera kusankhidwa, poganizira kukula kwa achikulire, kapena, mutasintha, ngati aquarium ilipo kale, ndiye kuti asankhidwira nsomba. Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira nsomba za m'madzi mphamvu ya malita 200, ngati palibe njira yoyika aquarium yamtunduwu, koma nsomba za katumbu zimafunadi, ndiye kuti mutenge malita osachepera 50.
Musanagule nsomba zomwe mumakonda, tchulani kuti zimakula bwanji, chifukwa mitundu ina yomwe ili m'malo osungirako zinthu imatha kufika masentimita 50. Ikani aquarium kuti ikhale yabwino kuyeretsa ndi kusintha madzi. Zida zonse zimayikidwa bwino kunja, chifukwa nsomba za m'madzi zimatha kusuntha zinthu zolemera kwambiri.
Kusankha fyuluta yamadzi kuyenera kutengera mtundu wa mphaka. Zina mwa izo zimafunikira magetsi olimbirana bwino, kotero mphamvu yaulalo ikhale yokwera kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikanso chifukwa nsomba za mphaka kukonda kukumba pansikukweza dothi, ndipo ngati chida choyeretsera chili chofooka, madziwo amakhala opanda mitambo. Musaiwale za aeration, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuti madzi adalitsidwe ndi mpweya.
Ngati chipinda chanu sichili chotentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira ikani chotenthetsera chamadzi, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'madzi zimachokera kumayiko otentha. Njira yabwino ikakhala thermometer, yomwe imalumikizidwa kuchokera kunja kwa malo am'madzi momwe nsomba sizitha kuzichotsa pamalo pake.
Zowunikira ziyenera kuzimiririka, mphaka sakonda kuyika kwakuthwa konse. Poterepa, nyali yomwe ingatsanzire kuzungulira kwa masana ndi njira yabwino. Chida choterocho chitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa ena.
Kukongoletsa kwa Aquarium
Mukakonza Aquarium, musaiwale kuti pobisalira ndikofunikira kuti nsomba za mphaka zitheke, izi zitha kukhala mitengo, miyala, mbewu kapena zokongoletsera zokongoletsera.
- Ngati mutayika pansi pamiyala ya pansi pa aquarium, sikuti amangokhala pofikira, komanso ngati chakudya, mwachitsanzo, kwa ancitrus.
- Kubzala mbewu yamoyo kapena ayi kutengera mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe mumasankha. Kupatula apo, ena mwa iwo amatha kudya zamasamba kapena kuwononga mizu. Ngati mukufunadi, ndiye kuti mutha kudzala mitengo yokumba.
- Zodzikongoletsera zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu koma osati kumapeto, chifukwa nsombazo zimangokhala ndikufera pomwepo.
- Kuti nsomba zisavulazidwe pamene zikukumba dothi, ziyenera kukhala zopanda miyala, miyala yosalala kapena mchenga uzichita bwino.
- Ngati mukukonzekeretsa ma aquarium molingana ndi malamulo onse, ndiye kuti kusamalira catfish kudzakhala kosangalatsa.
Kudyetsa nsomba zam'madzi
Ambiri oyambitsa nsomba am'madzi amayambira nsomba zamatchi okha kuti atole zinyalala pansi, ndikuziyeretsa kuti zisadetsedwe. Maganizo otere kwa nsomba izi amatha kutha kwambiri, mphaka zimafunikira zakudya zina.
Kutengera mtundu wa mphaka, zakudya zake zimasiyana. Kupatula apo, sikuti onse amene amadyera nsomba ngati nsomba, amatha kudya zakudya zamasamba.
Kuchokera pazakudya zomwe nyama zimachokera ku malo ogulitsa ziweto mungapeze:
Zakudyazi zitha kugulitsidwa mazira kapena ziume. Zimachitikanso chakudya chamoyo, koma musanadyetse uyenera kutsukidwa ndikuthira mankhwala kuti nsombazo zisagwere.
Mphaka amatha kudyetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagulidwa m malo ogulitsira wamba, chifukwa:
- Mazira owiritsa.
- Zidutswa za nyama kapena nsomba.
- Sikwidi.
- Shonje.
- Mtima wa ng'ombe.
Nyama ndi nsomba zimayenera kusankhidwa mitundu yamafuta ochepa, pomwe zimagawika zidutswa kuti zitheke kuti nsombazo ziwame. Ngati muli ndi catfish yayikulu mu aquarium, mutha kupatsa tinsomba tating'onoChachikulu ndikuti amalowa pakamwa pawo.
Popeza nsomba zam'madzi zimakonda kukhala usiku, zimafunikira kudyetsedwa moyenerera. Madzulo, muyenera kuchita izi musanazimitse magetsi, ndipo m'mawa musanayatse. Asomeki ali ndi nzeru zokwanira ndipo chifukwa, pakupita nthawi, amakumbukira munthu yemwe amawadyetsa, chifukwa chake amatha kuphunzitsidwa kudya ndi dzanja.
Ndikwabwino kusankha mtundu wamadye omwe amira pansi, chifukwa amphaka ambiri osapita kuchipinda chodyerako chakudya. Ngati mulibe mwayi wodyetsa nsomba pa ndandanda, ndiye kuti, modyetsa wokha atha kukuthandizani, yomwe ikuthandizirani.
Som Antsitrus (banja lamakalata)
Antsitrus, omwe amatchedwanso makapu oyamwa, timitengo kapena zotsukira, amatchuka kwambiri pakati pa asitikali am'madzi, chifukwa cha kamwa losazolowereka pakamwa. Mitundu yamtundu wa mphaka ili ndi zabwino zambiri. Chachikulu ndikuti sizotsimikizika konse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizisungidwa ngakhale kwa iwo omwe sadziwa zambiri pankhaniyi. Monga nsomba zonse za mphaka, zimakonda kuyeretsa m'madzi. Alinso ndi zodabwitsa, chifukwa chake zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kuzitsatira.
Kwa antiarium anti-citrus amafunika kusamalidwa kutentha kuchokera 20 mpaka 28 madigiri, pH kuyambira 6 mpaka 7.3, ndi dH mpaka 10.
Moyo wamba wa ndodo yolumikizayo ndi zaka 7, nthawi yomwe amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 10, zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa aquarium momwe akukhalamo. Izi zokha, nsomba zimakhala mwamtendere ndi ena onse, kupatula ma cichlids amkhwawa omwe amakoka zipsepse zake, zomwe zimatha kupha munthu wina.
Som Tarakatum (banja la makolo)
Palibe zosowa kwambiri m'mazitape am'madzi opezeka ndi gulu lankhondo, yemwe amayimira chidwi kwambiri mwa iwo ndi taracatum. Mtunduwu ndi wamtendere kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha chipolopolo cholimba chitha kukhazikika ngakhale ndi nsomba zomwe zimadya.
Mphamvu yotentha kwa mapira imasiyanasiyana madigiri 22 mpaka 28, pH kuchokera 5.8 mpaka 7.5, dH mpaka 25.
Kutalika kwa moyo wawo ndikutalika pafupifupi zaka 10, chifukwa chake, pakati pa nsomba amadziwika kuti ali ndi zaka zana. Ndibwino ngati malo awo okhala ndi zomera ndi mabatani osiyanasiyana. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mphaka uyu amatha kukula mpaka 20 cm.
Amakhala opanda ulemu pokhudzana ndi chakudya, amatha kudya chakudya chilichonse, koma amakonda kukhala ndi moyo.
Som Corridoras (Banja la Carapace)
Woyimira wina wa banja la carapace ndi khonde. Mphaka wamtchire ndi wamtendere komanso wamtundu wokongola, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo opanga zinthu.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwamadzi pa corfish corridge ndi pafupifupi madigiri 25, pH ndi pafupi 6.5, dH mpaka 4.
Mosiyana ndi abale ake, mtunduwu ndi wocheperako ndipo umakula mpaka masentimita 7 okha. Koma chiyembekezo chamoyo wake chitha kufika zaka 10, ndipo pakhala zochitika pomwe adapulumuka zaka 15 izi amakonda kukhala pagulu, mwachilengedwe amakhala amtendere komanso amagwirizana ndi nsomba zina zonse (zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zositrus, labeo, ndi bots bots). Zakudya zilizonse zimadyedwa, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti zimamira pansi, popeza makonde samakwera m'mwamba kuti adye.
Som Synodontis (banja lamanjenje)
Chodabwitsa kwambiri cha banja la mphonje ndi kusintha kwa mphaka. Nsomba imeneyi imasiyanitsidwa chifukwa chakuti imakonda kusunthira m'mimba, chifukwa chake idalandira dzina lotere. Mwanthawi zonse, zimakhala pokhapokha pamene asonkhanitsa chakudya pansi.
Kutentha kwa synodontis ndi 25 madigiri, pH kuchokera 6.5 mpaka 7.5, dH mpaka 15.
Izi catfish si lalikulu ndi amakula mpaka 10 cmkhalani zaka pafupifupi 10. Muzimva bwino kwambiri mu paketi, mumakonda moyo wamadzulo.
Amatha kukhala limodzi ndi nsomba zilizonse zofanana kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe awo. Mutha kudyetsa zakudya zamtundu uliwonse, koposa zonse, musamadye mopitirira muyeso ndipo musakonze kutsitsa. Ngati mungaganize zogula nsomba yam'madzi yotchedwa synodontis, ndiye kuyembekezera kuti madzi okwanira malita 50 akufunika kwa munthu m'modzi.
Milozo yamikwingwirima
Mphepo zowola zam'madzi kuchokera kubanja lankhondo ndizomwe zimakongoletsa dziwe lanu laling'ono. Chimawoneka ngati nsomba yokongola kwambiri. Amachita chidwi kwambiri. Plidoras ndi chidwi chachikulu amayang'anitsitsa zinthu zake, natambasulira mutu wake kulikonse komwe angapemphe. Iye ndi wolimba mtima ndipo sabisala m'miyala ya nkhono, sapota mumchenga.
Komabe, nthawi zina Platidoras amafunabe kuti akhale payekha, kenako amayang'ana malo obisika komwe mungabisike bwinobwino.
Si mitundu yonse ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kudzitamandira ndi chovala choteteza chotere, monga cha platidoras. Zachilengedwe zinamupatsa zida zankhondo. Mtundu wakuda ndi mizere yoyera yomwe ili m'mphepete imafanana ndi mtundu wankhondo. Zipsepse zake za pectoral ndi dorsal zimakhala ndi zowonda kwambiri komanso zazitali. Kutsogolo, ngati zida zankhondo, Pofikira chipolopolo champhamvu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kupereka chozizwitsa ichi kwa wina kapena kusamutsira malo ena ku aquarium ina, chitani zonse mosamala, ndikuthandizira chotengera china. Ukonde kuti ugwire "Rambo" yaying'ono siyikulimbikitsidwa. Panthawi yovuta, amatha kuwongola miyendo yake, ndikung'amba ukondewo ndi "masamba" ake, ndikuwadula zala zake.
Kodi nsomba za m'madzi zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Funso lachilengedwe lenileni limakondweretsa aliyense amene akufuna kugula nsomba zoterezi kumadzi awo. Zinafika kuti mahagi a minke amawoneka kuti ndi achabechabe, chifukwa amakhala ndi zaka 15, amakula mpaka 16 cm. Anthu amtunduwu ndi zolengedwa zamtendere, makamaka ndi omwe ali akulu kwambiri ndipo sangakwanitse kukamwa kwawo.
Aquarium amphaka-platidoras kudya kwambiri. Kwenikweni, zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zakudya zamapuloteni - ma nyansi a nyongolotsi ndi ma magazi. Sungani nsomba ku kususuka. Afunika kukonza masiku osala kudya. Nthawi yakutha msambo, yomwe imachitika mzaka ziwiri, zazikazi zimayenera kudyetsedwa magazi am'mimba kuti mimbayo iyende bwino. Kunyumba, chithandizo chogwiritsa ntchito pakuwunikira sichingagawiridwe. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Pituitary Bream ndi Chorionic Gonadotropin.
Somik brosha (banja lamtambo)
Mbedza zam'madzi zimatha kutchedwa kuti zoyera bwino. Chifukwa cha kapu yake yotsekemera, imayeretsa ndikuipukuta makhoma am'madzi, ndikuyipangitsa kukhala yoyera komanso yoyera. Mbedza zam'madzi zoterezi ndizonyadira zachilengedwe. Maulamuliro otentha amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku madigiri 22 mpaka 30, pH kuchokera 6.5 mpaka 8.2, dH mpaka 20.
Brocade catfish ndiwachilengedwe kukula kwake, imatha kukula mpaka 60 cm kutalika, chifukwa chake, kwa munthu m'modzi mumafunikira dziwe lolemera 200 malita. Amafunikira kuwongolera pafupipafupi komanso kusefa kwa madzi am'madzi, komanso kusintha theka la madzi ndi madzi abwino. Ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika komanso choyenera amatha kukhala ndi zaka 10.
Ndi anthu ena okhala mwamtendere, samakhudza aliyense, ntchito yayikulu imawonedwa mumdima. Itha kudya chakudya cham'mera komanso chinyama.
Kuswana
Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri ndipo palibe mikhalidwe yapadera yomwe iyenera kupangidwa. Koma, ngakhale izi, kubadwa kwa Antsistruses ndikosangalatsa komanso kopatsa chidwi. Munthu aliyense amakhala okhwima pofika chaka, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyi amatha kubereka ana moyo wawo wonse.
Izi catfish zimatha kubereka mu aquarium wamba, komabe kwa ana ndikofunikira kuti palibe wina kupatula nsomba izi. Ndiye kuti, muyenera kugawa mphamvu zokhazokha kwa mtundu wawo. Pamenepo mutha kuyika banja, makamaka wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.
Kuti muyambe kuwaza, ndikofunikira kusintha gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi a voliyumu yonse, kuwonjezera kuthandizira ndikuchepetsa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, kuswana ndizosavuta kuchita nyengo yachisanu, pomwe kutentha kumayendetsedwa mosavuta ndi heater yodziwikiratu. M'chilimwe, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamadzi.
Kutulutsa kumachitika madzulo, pamene kuwala kotsika kwambiri. Yaikazi nthawi imodzi imasesa mazira a lalanje pafupifupi 100.
Kubadwa kwa Antsistrus mwachangu.
Pambuyo pake, abwezeretsedwera kumalo osambira, ndipo yamphongo imatsala, pamene akuyamba kuyang'anira ndi kusamalira ana. Amasamala caviar mosamala, imagwedeza zipsepse zake pamenepo, ikudzaza ndi mpweya. Zachikazi sizofunikira munjira imeneyi ndipo zimangosokoneza. Amatha kulowetsa ana, ndipo mwamphongo, pomuteteza, amatha kupha.
Ngati ntchito yonseyo idachitika mu thanki wamba, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyika chubu pamenepo kutalika kwa 15 cm ndi mulifupi 3. Caviar idayikidwamo, ndipo izi zikachitika, chinthucho chimasinthidwa ndikutuluka ndi zofanana, kutentha, ndi zina zambiri. Wamphongo amatumizidwanso komweko.
Patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira. Kwa masiku angapo, amagwiritsa ntchito masheya awo akale ngati chakudya. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, mwachangu odzaza ndi thupi amatha kutha kusambira pawokha, ndipo chachimuna sichofunikira panthawiyi.
Zomwe zimatsala kuti zichitike kwa mwini wake wa aquarium ndikupereka zakudya zapamwamba. M'masiku oyamba amoyo, ndibwino kupatsa chidwi ndi chakudya cha nyama. Mwachitsanzo, ma nyongo am'magazi, fumbi lamoyo, chiwindi, mazira a brine shrimp. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kudya masamba, komanso nthaka.
Sabata iliyonse, 10% ya kuchuluka kwa madzi amasinthidwa mu sump. Makanda akafika zaka 1.5, amatha kusamutsidwa kale pachakudya chowonjezera, ndikuwonjezera mapiritsi ndi masamba. Anthu akuluakulu amathanso kutulutsidwa m'mbali zambiri zam'madzi, koma ndikofunikira kuti m'malo mwake panali malo okwanira makamaka makoko a mbewu pamenepo.
Catfish Flathead (Banja la Pimodel)
Pali nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi, zomwe sizisowa kwambiri m'malo okhala. Mmodzi mwa iwo. Mwachilengedwe, anthu amtunduwu imatha kufika mita 1.2 Kutalika, m'madzi am'madzi amakula mpaka mita imodzi, chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu, catfish iyi imafunikira kuchuluka kwakukulu, malita 300.
Fractocephalus ali ndi mtundu wosangalatsa kwambiri, kumbuyo kwawo ndi m'mimba zawo ndi zakuda bii, ndipo mbali zake ndizowala (monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi). Itha kukhazikika ndi nsomba yayikulu iliyonse yokongoletsa. Mtheradi wopatsa chidwi komanso wosusuka kwambiri. Amakonzekera kukhala m'munsi mwa malo okhala pansi pamadzi, kubisala m'misasa. Ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri zimachitika usiku.Mutha kuwona kukongola uku kumakhala ku Alushta aquarium.
Mwamuna ndi mkazi: momwe mungasiyanitsire?
Amuna nthawi zambiri amasiyana ndi azimayi pakakongoletsedwe ka mitundu. Ndiwowongoka kuposa abwenzi, matupi awo ndi owonda kwambiri. Amuna ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi zazikazi kukula, koma ndevu zake ndizitali komanso zokulirapo. Zingwe zazikazi zimakhala zazifupi kwambiri kapena sizipezeka paliponse.
Chimodzi mwazosiyana pakati pa anyamata ndi zipsepse zake zazitali, zazitali komanso zobiriwira, zokutira zolimba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakongoletsedwa ndi mbedza, spikes, singano. Nthawi zambiri zida zowopsa zimabisidwa ndikuphimbidwa thupi. Pakachitika zoopsa, asodzi a nsomba zamtchire nthawi yomweyo amakhala akupyoza ndi zida zawo. Yesani, bwerani! Zowonera za atsikana sizimalimbana ndi mpikisano - zipsepazo ndizokulungika, zazing'ono, osati zankhondo.
Glass catfish (banja la catfish)
Glass catfish imanena za mitundu iyi ya nsomba zomwe sizingasiye aliyense wosayang'ana. Zonsezi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo otere. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kuti thupi lake lonse ndi lowonekera bwino ndipo mafupa onse akuwonekera, chifukwa chake dzinalo, galasi.
Aquarium galasi la nsomba limakhala m'matumba, motero ndibwino kugula 6-8 nthawi imodzi. Pagulu la kukula kwamtunduwu, mumasowa ma aquarium okhala ndi malita osachepera 100, ndipo malo omwe amakhalamo amayenera kukhala pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Onetsetsani kuti mwakhala ndi masamba, malo amdima ndi mitsinje yamadzi. Mphaka wamtundu wagalasi ndiwosankha bwino za madzi, kotero kusefedwa bwino, kusinthana kwa madzi komanso kusintha kwa madzi pafupipafupi ndikofunikira.
Anthu oyandikana ndi amphaka amodzi amakhala ndi nsomba zofanana. Chakudya chokhazikika chimakonda. Masana, sagwira ntchito, kupatula nthawi yodyetsa. Fotokozerani zachilengedwe zokha.
Anthu ovutitsa madzi
Musanagule woimira nyama zamtunduwu, muziganizira mofatsa ngati mukufuna malo okhala ndi madzi amatope nthawi zonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba zamtambo wa Catfish-maola angapo zimatha kugwedezeka mumchenga, ndikumatulutsa dothi lambiri lokha. Ziphuphu zawo ndizolimba kwambiri - chifukwa chake zotsatira zake zimawoneka zowopsa. Koma kwa mbewu izi sizikhala ndi vuto. Mutha kupewa, izi pothira miyala yayikulu pansi pa chosungiramo nyumba m'malo mwa dothi labwino.
M'malo mwake, ndimakonda kwambiri mphaka-tarakatum. Zomwe mawonekedwe ake amapangira asodzi am'madzi, ndipo amasankha kugula nyama zopanda mlanduzi. Maonekedwe a nsomba ndi amakono. Amakhala ndi mutu waukulu wopanda malire, mzere wamafupa amapezeka kumbali zake.
Som Clarias (banja la Clarius)
M'madera otetezedwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakonda kukhala ndi moyo wokonda kudya. Chifukwa chake, pali nsomba zazikulu zokha zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi iwo, kapena zimatha kukhala zokha. Mphaka zamtunduwu zimatha kutalika masentimita 35, chifukwa muyenera posungira pafupifupi malita 150.
Kutentha kwamadzi kwa Clarias kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 23 mpaka 2 madigiri, pH 7 mpaka 9, dH mpaka 40.
Monga tanena kale, nsomba yamtchireyi ndi nyama yolusa, chifukwa chake imadya nsomba zing'onozing'ono, komanso kukhala ndi chikhalidwe choyipa, imatha kuyendetsa anthu ena okhala m'madzimo.
Mutha kudyetsa chakudya chilichonse, chophatikiza ndichabwino. Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa a Angolan Clarias.
Malamulo osungira nsomba zam'madzi
Kuti mphaka wanu wamtchire azitha kukhala ndi kutulutsa malo oyenera, ndikofunikira tsatirani malamulo ochepa osavuta:
- payenera kukhala mtsinje wamadzi mu aquarium, utha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo yamphamvu
- sabata iliyonse muyenera kusintha theka la madzi kuti akhale atsopano
- pansi pamafunika kukongoletsedwa, chifukwa cha driftwood, grottoes, maloko
- chakudya monga mapiritsi chimakhala choyenera mitundu yonse ya nsomba zamkati, chifukwa ambiri amadya pansi
- ngati muli ndi mwachangu, sayenera kusinthidwa ndikuyenda m'madzi wamba mpaka atakula
- nsomba za mphaka zimasowa masamba, kuphatikizapo kuyandama
Kuswana
Muli ndi mphaka ndipo mukufuna kubereka? Mwambiri, kuswana kwa nsomba izi sikovuta, koma pali mitundu ina yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa malo am'madzi ndipo pano zonse zimatengera zomwe mwakumana nazo. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri imabereka mwa kubzala anthu okhwima mu chiwiya china. Catfish zimakhala ndi mwachangu wamkulu ndipo palibe mavuto ndi kudyetsa kwawo. Amadyetsa kaya ndi zakudya zamafuta zamafuta, kapena ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono.
Malamulo posankha nsomba za m'madzi
Kuti musankhe ndi kugula nsomba ya mphaka, muyenera Onani zinthu zingapo:
- ngati mutenga nsomba zam'madzi kupita nazo kumalo kumene kuli nsomba zina kale, kenako sankhani mitundu yamtendere kwambiri, izi zidzakupulumutsani ku mavuto mtsogolo
- nsomba zam'madzi sizingakhazikike kumene nsomba zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala kale, zidzawadya
- Musaiwale za kukula kwa munthu wamkulu, khalani okonzekera pasadakhale kuti mphaka wanu adzakula mpaka 50, kapena masentimita ena kutalika
- Pogula nsomba yatsopano, iyenera kuyikidwa payokha kuti tipewe matenda ena
Nsomba za Aquarium ndizambiri oyimira okongola padziko lapansi pamadzi. Kusiyanasiyana kwawo ndikwabwino, koma chifukwa aliyense akhoza kupeza imodzi yomwe ingawakope. Ndizosangalatsa kuwaona, makamaka panthawi yomwe akuchita zambiri. Chifukwa cha nsomba zokongola izi, gawo lanu lamoyo lidzakhala ndi moyo, ndipo pansi pake padzakhala oyera.
Mitundu ya Catfish aquarium
Kugwirizana mu aquarium ndi ena
Mphaka ndi nsomba zokonda mtendere. Samachita ndewu ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Komabe atha kusamvana pakati pawo. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zaatambala zimatha kutulutsa timamba tating'onoting'ono kapena tofowoka. Milandu ngati imeneyi ndiyosowa.
Sikuti nsomba zonse zimatha kukhala limodzi ndi nsomba zamkati. Nsomba monga ma guppies ndi neon ndizothandiza ku nsomba za mphaka. Ndipo kuti mupewe izi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kupatulira nsomba zamtunduwu.
Ngati nsomba zodya nyama zimakhala m'madzi, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba zam'madzi, zomwe zimatha kudziteteza zokha. Ngati nsomba za herbivorous zimakhala m'madzi am'madzi, ndiye kuti nsomba za herbivorous ziyenera kubzalidwa.
Somiki: malongosoledwe, mawonekedwe a mitundu
Popeza nsomba za mphaka zimakhala m'madzi achilengedwe pansi, sizikhala ndi chofunda. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala ndi khungu lamkaka kapena mafupa, omwe amachepetsa mphamvu zamagalimoto. Zipsepse zamtchire ndi zipsepse za dorsal zimakhala ndi ma spikes othandizira kumata. Amatiteteza. M'malo okhala m'madzi, amakhala nthawi yambiri m'malo ochepetsetsa am'madzi, ndipo amawonetsa zochita usiku.
Kukula kwa nsomba zamkati ndi 3-12 cm, ngakhale pali anthu awiri mita. Mutha kuzizindikira pogwiritsa ntchito tinyanga tating'ono tomwe tili pafupi ndi kamwa. Mitundu ina imakhala nthambi, ndipo ina imasinthidwa kuti ikhale yoyamwa. Amakhala ngati masamba omwe amalawa, omwe nsomba zimayang'ana chakudya pansi. Chilengedwe chinapatsa nsomba izi mwapang'onopang'ono, kudzera m'matumbo. Mpweya wa oxygen umakutidwa ndi mkamwa kuchokera mumlengalenga, kenako kukonzedwa. Ngati mutu wa catfish nthawi zambiri umakhazikika pamadzi, ndiye mavuto kupuma.
Anthakati
Catfish amatchulidwa ngati makalata amunyolo. Zitha kukhalapo mosavomerezeka m'madzi aliwonse, ngati pakadakhala madzi oyera komanso abwino. Nsomba zokakamira zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'malo obisika: pansi pa nkhono, masamba, miyala. Passivity imachepa kumapeto kwa tsiku kapena kutentha kwa madzi kukagwa. Kwa oyimira aquarium, kutentha kwambiri mode - 20-25 ° C. Amachita mantha ndi kuwala kowala ndikubwerera mwachangu m'malo otetezeka.
Ngati zipse zamphamvu zaperekedwa, ndiye kuti palibe chikhodzodzo. Chifukwa chake, samva ngati nsomba m'madzi. Amadziwika ndi kayendedwe ka spasmodic pagalasi la aquarium. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, amatha kupulumuka mpaka zaka 7.
Kunja kwakunja kunakhala chimodzimodzi ndi torpedoes, kokha kakang'ono. Mutu wakuwala, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso owala. Thupi laling'ono limakulungidwa ndi maonekedwe okongola a mtundu wakuda. Ziphuphu 7 zolemera zimawoneka bwino: awiri pachifuwa ndi peritoneum, kumbuyo kamodzi, kumatako ndi mafuta. Pakamwa ndi chachikulu, chozungulira, ndi milomo yolimba. M'makhola a labial amapezeka nyanga zoyamwapomwe catfish imamatirira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Wokakamira
Ili ndi dzina lina lasayansi - nsomba zambiri za mphaka. Zinayamba kukhala m'madzi mwake kuyambira zaka za zana la 19, chifukwa chake ndiye woimira zakale kwambiri. Kwawo ndi malo osungira aku South America.
Ngati mutayang'ana chithunzichi, mutha kuona kusintha kwa nsomba kukhala njira yotsika ya moyo. Ndi thupi lalitali kwambiri, pamimba pamakhala lathyathyathya. Kugwa kwamphamvu kumbuyo.
Kukula kwawo ndikochepa, pafupifupi 4-8 masentimita, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna. Chophimba pamwamba ndikupitilirabe, chokhala ndi mafupa. Mtundu wa kuphatikiza kwachilendo: pamwamba ndi zonona-imvi ndi sheen wachitsulo, m'mimba mwake ndi pinki komanso wachikaso.
Osati kale kwambiri. Iwo ndi ofiira kwathunthu komanso ndi maso ofiira. Chiyembekezo cha moyo wamtunduwu, zosaposa zaka 8.
Zoyenera kutsimikiziridwa pakusunga kwa aquarium:
- Kutentha kwamadzi - 20-24 ° C, pH 6.5 ndi kuuma 20 °.
- Madzi ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri ndikukhazikitsa fayilo yowonjezera.
- Mwala wonenepa womwe umakhala pansi umagwera pansi. Izi zili choncho kuti nsomba zisamvunde mukakumba.
- Ali ndi mtima wachilengedwe, motero ndibwino kugula angapo.
Malo a aquarium ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana: cryptocorynes, echinodorus, ndi wallisneria. Mutha kuwonjezera nkhuni, driftwood ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira ngati cholembera.
Zoyenera kusunga ndi kuswana
Pa mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba zam'madzi, malo ena omangidwa amafunikira. Kwambiri, palibe chisamaliro chovuta chomwe chimafunikira. Kuuma kwamadzi kumatha kuyambira 6 mpaka 12, ndipo kutentha kwapakati sikuyenera kukhala opitilira 26 madigiri.
Acidity yabwino kwambiri ndi yosatenga mbali, koma zopatuka zina ndizotheka zomwe sizingavulaze nsomba.
Onse olembedwa pafupifupi malo, zonse zimatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zam'madzi. Pakuwonongeka, malo owerengera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe akazi ndi amuna angapo amakhala. Ndikofunikira kuti voliyumu yake ikhale osachepera 30 malita. Nthawi yomweyo, dothi silikhala pansi, ndibwino kutenga chomera (mwachitsanzo, anubias) ndikuphwanya mizu yake ndi mwala.
Poyala pang'onopang'ono pazikhala zinthu zina, kutentha kwa madzi mkati 19-16 madigiri, dH osaposa 15, pH 6-7. Payenera kukhala cholekanitsa chabwino kuti aquarium ikhale ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kwa kubereka, muyenera kusankha achinyamata, kuti mbewuyo ikhale yamphamvu kwambiri. Ndikofunika kupangira nsomba zam'mimbazi ndisanadye, imakhudzanso mkaka ndi caviar.
Pakudzipaka nokha muyenera Kusankha 1 wamkazi ndi wamphongo 3-4. Catfish imakonda kuyikira mazira m'madzi ozizira, kotero mutha kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka madigiri 18. Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono zokwanira, mutha kuphimba aquarium ndi nsalu.
Kutulutsa konse kumatenga mpaka maola anayi, munthawi yomwe mkazi amakhala mpaka mazana angapo mazira owonekera. Ntchitoyo ikangomalizidwa, zazikazi ndi zazimuna ziyenera kubzalidwa kumalo ena osambira ndipo kutentha kumatalika mpaka 27-27 madigiri.
Mwachangu atangoyamba kuwola, mutha kutsitsa kutentha mpaka madigiri 20. Akufuna kudyetsa ana 4 pa tsikuchakudya chamoyo. Pakatha mwezi wowasamalira moyenera, amakula mpaka 1 sentimita.
Katundu wa Catfish ndi nsomba zina
Kusankha anthu omwe mumagona nawo nkhuku ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe amakonda ndi kukula kwawo. Ngati mphaka ndi wadyera, ndiye kuti musabzale zing'onozing'ono, zokonda nsomba, azizidya nthawi yomweyo.
Ngati nsomba za mphaka sizikuwonetsa kukwiya, ndiye kuti zimakhala mwamtendere ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono, chachikulu ndichakuti sakulowa pakamwa pawo, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala mavuto.
Zikatero, mukatenga nsomba yam'madzi kupita nayo kumalo osungirako zinyalala omwe mumakhala nawo, simungawope, thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo kapena khungu lokwinya basi. kudya izo sizophweka.
Aquarium catfish ndi oimira odabwitsa apansi pamadzi padziko lapansi. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuziona, makamaka panthawi yomwe akuchita. Mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana siyisiya kusiyanasiyana.
Maphokoso
Zothandiza kwa okonda nsomba zazikulu mu aquarium. Ngakhale ali kukula kwakukulu, samakonda mopitilira muyeso, wokhala ndi mtima wokonda mtendere, amakhala bwino ndi oimira aliwonse, koma osakhala achangu. Mutha kuwona kuwuluka kwawo kokhazikika pamunsi, komwe kumalumikizana ndi kukokoloka.
Kunyumba, mukule mpaka masentimita 16. Thupi limakhala lalitali, lokhala ndi lokwera komanso peritoneum yosalala. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi nsomba iyi ndi tinyanga italiitali pamilomo yake yapansi komanso kumtunda. Monga nsomba zonse, zazimuna ndizochepa komanso zazing'ono kuposa zazikazi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chingwe chofiira pamoto wamapa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi zovala zowala. Kutengera ndi chilengedwe choyambirira, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanikirana: yamawangamawanga, yamamba, "nyalugwe" ndi "nyalugwe".
Ndiwotsogola kwambiri kotero kuti masewera awo ophatikizidwa amatha kuwonedwa pafupi ndi wotchi. Ndikofunika kubisa aquarium kuti asatuluke. Amphaka amtunduwu amayamikiridwa chifukwa chokhala ochezeka, moyo wamtundu uliwonse, wosasamala posamalira.
Kuphatikiza pa anthu omwe atchulidwa pamadzi pano, mitundu ina yambiri yotchuka ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa:
- Somik Panda - nsomba zodekha zomwe zimatha kuyenderana ngakhale ndi anzanu akuluakulu osagwirizana ndi anzawo. Pokonza, pamafunika malita osachepera 30. Amakhala moyo wamadzulo, amabisala kuti asawonekere masanawa. Amamadya chakudya chokha, osadya zinyalala.
- Glass catfish - ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mafupa amawoneka kuchokera kunja. Thupi limakhala lokwera komanso lathyathyathya m'mbali, kutalika kwa 10-12 cm. Mapewa amapezeka pa nsagwada yapamwamba. Zimapulumuka pakunyamula katundu. Nokha, mumakhala wopsinjika, ndipo mumalephera kudya. Oyandama pazowonetsedwa pagulu, samabisala.
- Kusintha - kuikidwa ngati mphonje. Hafu ya thupi ndi yopyapyala, yopingika patali, yokhala ndi zipsepse zamkati ndi ziphuphu. Imakhala ndi tinyanga tiwiri ta nthenga. Popeza ali ndi kamwa pansipa, kuti agwire tizilombo kuchokera pamtunda, muyenera kuyambalala. Chifukwa chake dzinalo.
- Sack-gill - yogawidwa malo osungira osaya, osaya madzi abwino. Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe osanja mosabisa, amapatsidwa thupi loumbika ndi ziphuphu. Chizindikiro chawo chokha ndichoterera, chomwe chimakhala ndi mitsempha yayitali. Mukasuntha, imakutidwa ngati njoka. Mtunduwo umazimiririka, osagulika konse: imvi yoyera kapena yoyera. M'malo ochita kupanga, amatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 45, kutengera kukula kwa aquarium. Palibe zokonda zilizonse, zimadya chakudya chilichonse.
Pali zochuluka kwambiri za izo kotero kuti nkosatheka kupereka mndandanda wathunthu. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, pali oimira osiyanasiyana: amtendere, ankhanza, oletsa kupha, opatsa chidwi, oopsa, osaka ndi ena.
- Kutentha kokwanira kumakhala kosiyanasiyana 20-25 ° C, kuuma ndi 5-12, ndipo acidity ndi yandale. Ndikupatuka pang'ono, palibe chomwe chidzachitike.
- Mkhalidwe wazomwe mpweya wabwino umagwira sukhala ndi gawo lapadera, chifukwa nsomba za mphaka zimapuma pakhungu kapena zimasintha mpweya wamlengalenga.
- Nthaka iliyonse imathiridwa, ngati nsomba zinali zokha.
- Mitundu yonse yamalingaliro okongoletsera, driftwood, mfundo zimaponyedwa mkati. Pamenepo mbayo amakhala pabwino kubisala masana.
- Mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa herbivorous, kuti masamba asakhale nthawi yayitali.
Musanafike kupeza anthu awa, muyenera kuphunzira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe onse amachitidwe. Kenako sikudzakhala kovuta kukonzekeretsa ma aquarium molondola, kutengera zosowa za mitundu yanu yomwe mwasankha.
Ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwa kubadwa pamodzi ndi mafoni ena am'madzi. Ngati muli kale ndi nsomba, ndibwino kudziwa pasadakhale kuti anthu oyandikana nawo adzakhala otani. Kwa catfish, guppies ndi neons ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zamkati zimayamba kuwoneka mwankhanza, ngakhale kuti kumakhala nkhondo zamtundu wina.