Mwa nkhunda zonse, timadziwa bwino imvi. Ndi ya mtundu Columba - nkhunda zenizeni. Nthawi zingapo, munthu amaweta mbalameyi. Kwenikweni, adayenda nafe kuti atigwirizire padziko lapansi. Pang'onopang'ono idakhala synanthropus, ndiye kuti, cholengedwa chokhala pafupi ndi munthu. Masiku ano zikutanthauza zambiri m'miyoyo yathu ndi zikhalidwe, ngakhale izi sizowonekera nthawi zonse.
Mbalameyi imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Itha kupezeka ku kontinenti iliyonse, kumizinda komanso m'malo achilengedwe. Pazonse, mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 35 ya mitundu. Ambiri aiwo amakhala m'malo otentha - ku Africa, Australia, ena amakhala ku Eurasia.
Zina mwazomwe zili, ndizoti mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malo amodzi okha. Izi, mwachitsanzo, nkhunda za Canary ndi laurel. Amatha kuwonekera ku Canary Islands. Mtundu wakuda ndi woyera umakhala ku Australia kokha. Ndizosatheka kukumana kunja kwa kontrakitala iyi.
Mwa njira, mitundu inanso isanu ndi itatu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhunda imakhala ku Russia: vyakhir, zobiriwira za ku Japan, miyala, clintukh, komanso nkhunda zazing'ono, zazing'ono, zazikulu komanso wamba.
Kodi kudya nkhunda ndi chiyani?
Pafupifupi anthu onse m'banjamo amasankha zakudya zamasamba. Chokha chomwe chinali njiwa wa atoll motley yemwe amakhala pachilumba cha Tuamotu ku French Polynesia. Maziko ake menyu ndi tizilombo, ndipo pakakhala mwayi, ndiye oimira ena ang'onoang'ono anyama.
Nkhunda zotsala mu zakudya "ndizachikhalidwe." Mbalame zimadya nthangala, masamba obiriwira ndi zipatso zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamezedwa kwathunthu. Kenako amwaza mbewu, chifukwa sangathe kuyigaya. Amatola mbewu mwachindunji kuchokera kumera (nthawi zambiri udzu) kapena amazipeza pansi. Njiwa ya ku Galapagos, ikasaka nthanga, imakumba dothi ndi mulomo wake, koma njirayi siigwira nkhunda.
Pofuna kusiyanitsa menyu, njiwa nthawi zina zimadya nyama zazing'ono zopanda nyama: nyongolotsi ndi mbozi. Komabe, pazosankha wamba amapanga kachigawo kakang'ono.
Kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mbalamezi zimadyera akapolo, werengani nkhani "Momwe mungadyetse nkhunda."
Kuchuluka kwa nkhunda, kuwopseza, mitundu yazinyama
Pali ma njiwa mamiliyoni angapo padziko lapansi, ambiri mwa iwo ndi mbalame moyandikana ndi anthu. Chiwerengero cha mamembala am'banja chikuchepa pakali pano.
Kupatula apo, mbalame yamtendere, nkhunda imakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala m'malo achilengedwe. Pali zilombo zambiri zomwe sizotsutsana ndi zomwe zimawonjezera pazakudya zawo. Awa ndi ma fodya, owomba, abuluzi wa peregrine, nkhandwe, kadzidzi. M'malo okhala anthu, amphaka ndi agalu nawonso amawasaka.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimafa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, matenda, kuchepa kwachilengedwe, kuzizira kwambiri, kapena, kutentha kwambiri. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumathandizanso kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wawutali, komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, chifukwa mitundu ina imakonda mitengo.
M'malo ena, nkhunda zimachotsedwa chifukwa cha nyama yokoma. Imodzi mwa mitundu ya mbalamezi, njiwa yoyendayenda, idawonongedwa kwathunthu pachifukwa ichi. Kuchokera kuthengo, adasowa kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX. Woimira wotsiriza anamwalira mu 1914 ku United States. Ankakhala kumalo osungira nyama ku Cincinnati.
Potembenuzira mutuwu kuti mupitilize, muphunzira mfundo zosangalatsa m'nkhani yakuti "Zonse zokhudza nkhunda: pafupi ndi munthu komanso kuthengo."
Pofuna kuti musaphonye zofalitsa zatsopano, lembetsani ku njira ndipo ikani chala chanu.
Werengani nkhani zina pa bird House.
Kodi mbalame yotchedwa nkhunda yobiriwira imawoneka bwanji?
Mwakutero, mbalameyi siyili yosiyana ndi nkhunda wamba zamtawuni mkatikati mwa Russia, kupatula mitundu ya thupi.
Nkhunda zobiriwira ndi mbalame zokhala ndi maula osazolowereka.
Ma njiwa obiriwira amakula mpaka masentimita 30 m'litali mwake, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumakhala magalamu 250 - 300.
Mfundo yakhazikitsidwa ndi mbalame ya squat. Mchirawo suwatalika konse, ndipo miyendo imakhala ndi maula. Kutalika kwa mapiko a mbalameyi ndi pafupifupi 20 - 25 cm.
Kutengera mitundu, kuchuluka kwa nkhunda kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi mitundu ina. Mwachitsanzo, pali anthu ena okhala ndi khosi lapinki, lomwe limasiyana ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira a thupi, ndi ena.
Kukongola kwa mbalamezi ndizodziwikiratu.
Kodi ndimtundu wanji wa nkhunda yobiriwira mwachilengedwe
Oimira amtunduwu amatha kuonedwa m'nkhalango zosakanizika komanso zowoneka bwino. Amakonda mitengo monga mbalame chitumbuwa, chitumbuwa, elderberry, wowonda mpesa, chifukwa chakudya chake chili pamitengo iyi.
Amatha kukhala pathanthwe komanso kumapiri. Nkhunda zobiriwira zimasuntha mwachangu kuchoka ku nthambi kupita ku ina. Moyo wawo wonse, umachitika mu korona zamitengo, ndipo padziko lapansi zimatha kupezeka ndikungofuna zakumwa.
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira mbalamezi mu masamba obiriwira.
Kuuluka kwa mbalamezi kumakhalanso konyansa komanso kwachangu. Nkhunda zobiriwira zimatha kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri mlengalenga.
Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimalira mokweza, zikuuluka pamwamba panthaka. Koma kulira kwawo kumafanana pang'ono ndi phokoso lomwe njiwa zimakonda kuchita. Liwu la nkhunda zobiriwira limakhala ngati chule lomwe limakhazikika kapena kufuula mwana wakhanda. Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimangoliza likhweru, zomwe zimatchulidwanso ndi anthu kuti aziyimba malungu.
Kubala nkhunda zobiriwira
Pakadali pano, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika ndi kubadwa kwa ana ndi mbalamezi. Mwina chinthu chonsecho chili munjira yawo yachinsinsi. Titha kuyerekezera kuti kubereka nkhunda zobiriwira kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga momwe zimakhalira ndi abale ena pabanjapo.
Awiri nkhunda zobiriwira.
Njiwa yobiriwira - nkhuku kapena ayi?
Anthu ena okonda mbalame zapamwamba amayesa kusunga nkhunda zobiriwira m'zinthu zawo kunyumba. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbalamezi komanso zolengedwa mu ukapolo zimamva bwino, zikangopanga nyengo yabwino.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kodi chikuwoneka bwanji?
Ngati mutayang'ana mawonekedwe akunja amtengowo, mutha kuwona kufanana ndi vyakhir kapena klintuha, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kowonjezera komanso kowala. Choyambirira, nthenga zowoneka bwino, nthenga zaukhondo zomwe zimakwanira bwino m'thupi ndizolimba.
Thandizo Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mbalamezi zimasamala kwambiri chifukwa chake siziphunzitsidwa bwino ngakhale m'malo omwe zimagawidwa kwambiri. Amayesetsa kukhala kutali ndi anthu, kumanga zisa zawo pamalo okwezeka.
Ganizirani momwe mbalameyi imawonekera:
- Kutalika kwa thupi kuli mulingo kuyambira 25 mpaka 35 sentimita.
- Unyinji wa anthuwa mu ukalamba uli pafupifupi 300 g.
- Mbalame za mtundu uwu zimakhala ndi mnofu wolimba, ndipo mutu sukulira.
- Khosi limakhala lalifupi.
- Mlomo wawo watupa pang'ono.
- Mapikowo ndi ocheperako komanso ozungulira pang'ono kumapeto.
- Mchirawo ndiwotalika komanso wowongoka, waufupi.
- Zowonjezerazo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera, zimakhala kwambiri.
- Mtundu waukulu ndi wobiriwira wachikasu. Mtundu nthawi zambiri sudzaza thupi lonse.
Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zazikazi. Kugonana kumatha kutsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, yamphongo imakhala ndi malo a lalanje pachifuwa, ndipo imayang'ana imvi, komanso nthenga zachikasu ndi zobiriwira, imawoneka mbali zonse ziwiri. Akazi, mtundu wobiriwira umakhala pamwamba pamutu ndi tsekwe. Nkhani yazinthu zosungunuka sizinaphunzire.
Mukayang'ana chithunzichi, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti nkhunda zaku Japan ndizabwino kwambiri, zimangokopa ndi mtundu wake wosadziwika.
Moyo
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zosakanizika komanso zazikulu, zomwe ndizoyambira. Chochititsa chidwi, mbalamezi zimatha kupanga ndege zazikulu pakati pa nesting, kudyetsa ndi kumwetsa malo tsiku lililonse.
Thandizo Pa nyengo yakuswana, mbalamezi zimamwa madzi am'nyanja.
Zolemba pa zakudya
Mbalamezi zimadya zakudya zam'mera. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya ndi zipatso za chitumbuwa ndi mbalame, komanso zipatso zamasamba ambiri.
Amameza chakudya popanda kuphwanya mwanjira iliyonse. Amadula zakudya zawo zambiri pamitengo panthambi zake.
Zosangalatsa. Amayamba kuimba mchaka chachitatu cha Meyi, ndipo nyimbo zomaliza zimamveka koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Mtundu wamtunduwu ndi wosowa, motero, sizinthu zonse zomwe zaphunziridwa pa moyo wawo. Asayansi awona kuti ndiwosawerengeka.
Amapanga zisa kuchokera kumitengo yopyapyala. Pomwe zisa zimakhala nthawi zambiri zimagwera nthambi zamitengo pamalo okwera pafupifupi mamitala 20 kuchokera pansi. Pali lingaliro loti amanjawo amakola mazira kwa masiku makumi awiri ndipo izi zimachitika osati ndi amayi okha, komanso ndi abambo.
Ana amabadwa osayenera kwathunthu moyo, makolo ali ndi udindo wonse kwa iwo, ali pang'ono ophimbidwa ndi fluff. Amaphunzira kuuluka kokha sabata yoyamba ya moyo.
Thandizo Ku Russia, mbalamezi zimapezeka mokhazikika. Kuwasakira iwo m'gawo la Russia ndi koletsedwa.
Nkhunda zobiriwira zaku Japan zitha kutchedwa imodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo izi sizodabwitsa. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira, ndi ochepa okha omwe amatha kuzindikira zomwe akuchita.