Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Mitengo ya thonje ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwa mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono. Zomwe zimasungidwa makamaka paz korona za mitengo ndi zitsamba zazitali, komabe, komanso nthawi ya kubereka, komanso nthawi yopanda kubereka imapezeka m'malo obisika komanso udzu wamtali. Chisa chimakonda kupezeka pansi, nthawi zina - osati pamwamba pamtunda, m'malo opindika a korona, makamaka ma conifers. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kayendedwe kamene kamasuntha nthawi yayitali kwambiri pazomera: amatha kudumpha nthambi zowonda, kapena kudula nthambi kapena nthambi, kapena kwa mphindikati, zimapachikika pamlengalenga pafupi ndi masamba chifukwa champhamvu mapiko.

Malo omwe thupi limakhala nthawi zambiri yopingasa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana mpaka magawo osiyanasiyana imasinthasintha nthawi ndi msana wa thupi - mchira ndi mapiko okulungidwa. Okhulupirira okongola, amatha kutseka owonerera. Mitundu yobiriwira ndi yachikaso imakhala nthawi zonse imakhalapo mu utoto (ngakhale pafupifupi mitundu yonse imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu payokha), palibe zowoneka, kusiyana kwa mitundu ndi kuchuluka pakati pa mitundu nthawi zambiri ndizochepa, koma zimasiyana bwino mu nyimbo ya amuna. Vesnichka, monga ma scallops ena, ndiocheperako kuposa mpheta, imatha kuonedwa kuti ndi yayikulu pakati pa scum, ndi mbalame yokongola, yocheperako yokhala ndi lalifupi, lowongoka, lalitali komanso losakhala lalitali ngati mabango, koma osati lalifupi ngati ntchentche, miyendo . Kutalika kwa thupi 11-31 masentimita, mapiko 18-18 masentimita, kulemera kwa 6-11 g.

Kufotokozera. Pamwamba pali maolivi obiriwira, mchira wake ndi wopepuka, ndipo mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi pang'ono pang'ono. Mapikowo ndiotalika; atakulungidwa, amaphimba pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa mchira. Palibe chingwe chopingika pama phiko, koma makulidwe amthenga a nthengazo kumapiko opindidwa amapangitsa kuti utoto wake ukhale wosagawanika, ndikuwoneka bwino kwa mapangidwe a "gulu" lowala. Pansi pake ndi koyera, ndipo kumakutira ndi chikaso pakhosi, pachifuwa komanso m'mbali mwa mutu, mpaka kumayambitsa pang'ono pamimba. Nsidze yachikasu imawoneka bwino pamwamba pa diso, womangidwa pansi ndi chingwe chakuda chakudutsa m'diso. Chukusi limayera khungu, kuwala pang'ono kumaonekera pansi. Utawaleza ndi wakuda. Mlomo wake ndi wonyezimira, wosapereka chithunzi chamdima, m'mphepete mwake ndi m'munsi mwake mumakhala mtundu wachikasu kapena wapinki. Miyendo ndi yopepuka beige, nthawi zambiri imawoneka yopepuka, koma mosiyana ndi kuyatsa kumatha kuwoneka kwamdima.

Mu mbalame zazing'ono, zikukhala nthenga zatsopano zautchi, mtundu wachikasu pamutu ndi pachifuwa umawoneka bwino ndipo umakhala malo okulirapo kuposa achikulire, nthawi zambiri pansi pamakhala pafupifupi chikaso. Mwa achichepere (mwezi umodzi wa moyo), maula ndi otayirira, pamwamba ndi laimvi, pansi ndi loyera, chikasu chimawoneka kokha m'mphepete mwa mutu ndikucheperako pang'ono pachifuwa, ngodya zamlomovu pambuyo pochoka chisa kuti zikhale zachikasu kwakanthawi. Pakati pa zida zathu, chimakhala chofanana ndi chovala chamthunzi komanso tambala, zomwe, monga mwala ndikuuluka, zopanda mikwingwirima pamapiko.

Kuchokera pa tambala, ntchentche imasiyanitsidwa ndi mapiko afupiafupi, mawonekedwe achikuda owoneka bwino, komanso chovala chachifupi chochepera theka la mchira kutalika kuchokera pansi. Amasiyana ndi mthunzi ndi miyendo yowala, phiko lalitali komanso lakuthwa - kutalika kwa nthenga zapamwamba ndikofanana ndi mtunda kuchokera kumapiko awo kupita kumtunda kwa mapiko (mthunzi wa nthenga ndizofupikitsa), mawonekedwe osiyanitsa kwambiri kuzungulira diso (makamaka, kuwalira patsaya pansi pa diso) nsidze yopepuka, mtundu wa mulomo (nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka kuposa ija ya mombowo), komanso kusapezeka kwa mithunzi yofiirira pakhungu lakumaso ndi mbali za thupi. Mwambiri, imawoneka yopepuka, yopepuka kuposa mthunzi ndipo masamba ake imatayika kwambiri kuposa momwe imadziwika. Amasiyana ndi ma warble ena m'chigawo chathu popeza alibe phokoso pamapiko. Amasiyana ndi mitundu yonse ya nyimbo.

Mawu. Amuna nthawi zambiri amayimba m'makorona, osinthana ndi kusaka. Nyimboyi ndi yongoimba pang'ono pang'onopang'ono patapita pafupifupi masekondi atatu, koyamba kufuula kenako kuzimiririka, kamvekedwe kazizindikiro kamayamba kukwera kenako kutsika, kofanana ndi nyimbo yomalizira, koma popanda kumenya kumapeto. Kusiyananso kwamunthu aliyense ndi kwakukulu. Amuna amayimba kale paulendo wawo wothawa, osakhala m'malo opezekera. Kufuula kwa alamu - muluzu wapamwamba "foo"Kapena"tiuvit"Ndi chitsimikizo pa syllable yoyamba ndi phula lomwe likukwera chakumapeto kwa chizindikirocho, maphunziro ena amafunikira kuti azisiyanitse ndi mayendedwe amumvawo, komanso kuyitanidwa koyambira wamba.

Kugawa, udindo. Mtundu wamba pakati ndi kumpoto kwa Europe, komanso ku Siberia, kupita ku Chigwa cha Yenisei, kumpoto kwa Yakutia ndi Chukotka. Nthawi zonse, m'malo ambiri, mitundu yambiri yosamukira ya kumpoto kwa dera loyang'aniridwa. Kufika koyambirira, mu Epulo kapena Meyi, kunyamuka mu Seputembara kapena kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala.

Moyo. Amapezeka munkhokwe zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengo - kuchokera m'nkhalango zowerengeka ndizoyimitsa komanso zotchinga kupita ku tundra ndi zitsamba, kukwera m'mapiri, ndizofala kapena zingapo m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mapepala, m'nkhalango zowala, kumapiri, minda ndi minda. Chisa ndi kanyumba kachidole kamene kamakhala ndi udzu wouma wokhala ndi denga pamwamba pa thireyi ndi khomo laling'ono la mbali; nthenga zimakhalapo nthawi zonse pamatayala. Amaziyika pansi panthaka pansi pa chitsamba kapena chamtopola, kawirikawiri pach chitsamba chotsika kwambiri pamwamba pa nthaka. Mkazi amamanga chisa. Mu clutch pali mazira atatu mpaka 8, oyera okhala ndi timawu ting'onoting'ono tofiirira. Yaikazi imalowetsa chakudya kwa masiku 12 mpaka 15; onse awiri amadyetsa anapiyewo kwa masiku 13 mpaka 17. Anapiye obadwa kumene amakhala ndi mikwingwirima kumbuyo ndi mitu yawo. Pali nthawi zina pamene wamwamuna amakopa akazi awiri.

Amadyanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timatola pansi kuchokera kumitengo ndi masamba mu korona za mitengo ndi zitsamba, nthawi zina mu udzu. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe komanso yoyambilira ya nyundo nthawi zambiri imapezeka mumtundu wosakanizika ndi titmouse ndi mbalame zina zazing'ono zopanda chitetezo.

Mwana Wand (Phylloscopus trochilus)

Zochititsa chidwi ndi zankhondo

• Chiwerengero chonse cha oimira zamtunduwu ku Europe ndizoposa 40 miliyoni,
• Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, zolemera zimatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 12,
• Amuna ndiwo oyamba kubwerera kuchokera kumadera otentha - amatenga malo kuti adye chisa ndipo nthawi zambiri amalimbana pakati pawo malo abwino kwambiri,
• Nthawi yakudya, abambowo amayimba nyimbo kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo, atakhala pamtengo wosankhidwa. Nyimboyi ndi yosalala, ndimaimba ndi nyimbo zaphokoso.

Tsambali lawonedwa nthawi 46092

Kufotokozera

Wopangira ma warbler amafikira kutalika kwa 11 mpaka 13 cm, mapikowo amayambira masentimita 17 mpaka 22. Kulemera kwa warbler ndi magawo 8 mpaka 11. Kunja, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi tenochka, koma kuyimba kwawo kumasiyana kwambiri. Mbali yakumtunda kwa zomenyerapo utoto ndi utoto wobiriwira kapena wa azitona, mbali yake ya m'munsi ndi yoyera. Mbalame yaying'onoyi imakhala ndi khosi yachikasu, chifuwa komanso mikwingwirima. Amuna ndi akazi amawoneka chimodzimodzi.

Kugawa

Woletsa nkhondo amapezeka pafupifupi ku Europe kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala. Nyengo yamvula kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Nthawi ndi kuwongolera kuthawa kuli m'mitundu yake. Malo omwe amakonda nkhondowa ndiwowonongera m'nkhalango zowerengeka komanso malo osakanikirana, mapaki, mitengo yonyowa, shrubbery ndi minda.

Ecology

Dera la mwala ntchentche limakulilidwa ndi dera la mitundu ina iwiri yokhudzana ndi zankhondo - tenovki ndi ratchets. Vesnichka amasiyana mitundu iwiri yomaliza chifukwa imapewa kukhazikika mkati mwa nkhalangoyi ndipo imasunga kwambiri m'mbali, zotchingira komanso malo ena otseguka. Nthawi zambiri, udzu wa masika umapezeka m'nkhalango zowola, koma umapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma ndi za payini. Imapitilira mbali zonse za akorona amitengo, pakati pa nthambi zowala ndi masamba, ikukonda nduwira popanda chotchingira cha masamba ndi masamba. Popeza mawonekedwe ophatikizika amtundu amapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamitengo, scum imatha kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zakudya za scum zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo, biotope ndi dera. Momwemo, zimasiyanasiyana nyengo ndi nyengo, chaka ndi chaka ndipo zimakhala zosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mbalame zimadutsa mosavuta kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chakudya kupita ku china, kutengera kuchuluka kwawo komanso kupezeka kwawo. Kudya chakudya, chomwe chimafanana m'mitundu itatu (ntchentche, mthunzi, ndi zingwe), ma scallops amawonetsa kusankha pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa zakudya: makoswe amatulutsa zipatso zazikulu kwambiri, zam'madzi zamkati, komanso mthunzi waung'ono kwambiri. Kusiyana kwa kukula kwa zinthu zodyetsa kumachitika chifukwa chazinthu zochepa zomwe zimadyetsa mbalame komanso kapangidwe ka ma microstations: ma ratchets amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamtengo wapatali zopezera chakudya (ndege zouluka, kudumpha ndi ndege zazitali mtunda wautali) ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kufunafuna wozunzidwayo. Chifukwa chake, amasaka kusaka nyama yayikulu kuposa mthunzi komanso kuwombera, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira zochepa zophera mphamvu - ndikudumphira panthambi ndikumanganso. Kuphatikiza apo, mwala umawuluka ndikutuluka mlengalenga, womwe umakhala pakati pa masamba obiriwira, sungasankhe omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa chosawoneka bwino ndipo amakakamizidwa kudya chakudya chomwe akumana nacho panjira.

Kuswana

Kutha msanga mumtunduwu kumachitika pazaka chimodzi. Nthawi yayitali yokwatirana imatenga Meyi mpaka Julayi. Chisa, chomangidwa ndi mbewa ndi udzu komanso chofanana ndi denga, chimabisidwa bwino munkhokwe kapena udzu. Yaikazi imaziikira mazira anayi kapena asanu ndi awiri nthawi imodzi ndipo imazitsekereza kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Ana ang'ono atabadwa amakhalamo chisa mpaka milungu iwiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Swiss Ornithological Institute (Swiss Ornithological Institute), yomwe idasindikizidwa mu 2009 munyuzipepala ya Oikos, ma warblers ndi omwe ali oyamba pakati pa mbalame zosamukira pakati pa Europe ndi Africa: chaka chilichonse pafupifupi anthu 300 miliyoni amasamuka ku mbali imodzi yadziko lapansi kupita wina ndi kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa mbalameyi kumatha kufika zaka 12.

Masanjidwe

Pali mitundu itatu yomwe imasiyana mumitundu ndi kukula kwake:

• Ph. t. trochilus Linnaeus, 1758 - Western Europe kuchokera kumalire a mitundu ya kum'mawa mpaka kum'mwera kwa Sweden, Poland ndi Carpathians, kumwera mpaka pakati pa France, Italiya, Yugoslavia ndi kumpoto kwa Romania ndi magawo olekanitsidwa pachilumba cha Apennine, chilumba cha Sicily komanso, mwina, ku Pyrenees,
• P. t. acredula Linnaeus, 1758 - kuchokera ku Fennoscandia kupita kumzinda wa Carpathians, kum'mawa mpaka ku Yenisei,
• Ph. t. yakutensis Ticehurst, 1938 - kuchokera ku Yenisei kupita ku Anadyr.

Habitat

Zisa za mbalameyi zimapezeka ku Europe konse.

Wadlet (Phylloscopus trochilus).

Ku Asia, flyweed ndiofala kumpoto, mpaka kumtsinje wa Anadyr, kupatula kumwera kwa Yakutia ndi Far East. Zazizira zimawulukira kum'mwera kwa Africa.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Mtundu wa scum umakhala kwambiri m'nkhalango, ngakhale umapezeka kawirikawiri mumapulipini ndi m'mitengo. Nthawi zina imatha kupezekanso m'mapaki ndi mabwalo. Amodzi mwa malo omwe amakonda kwambiri masika ndi zigwa za mitsinje yokhala ndi mitengo ya birch ndi alder.

Omwe akumenyera nkhondo ndi amwano kwambiri.

Chimodzi mwamaubwino a mbalameyi ndi kuyimba kwake kogwirizana. Amuna ali ndi zida zankhondo 7 mpaka 20 zosiyanasiyana. Nyimbozi zili ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika ka mawu ndi kutsatika kwa mawu. Zimapangidwa zakale kwambiri za mbalameyi ndipo pambuyo pake zimapangidwanso mwaluso kwambiri. Kusiyanaku kosiyanasiyana ndi kuphatikiza kwa nyimbozi kuphatikiza magawo okongola.

Mverani mawu a akumenya nkhondo

Zakudya za mbalameyi zimaphatikizapo tizilombo ndi mphutsi, nkhono, akangaude. Udzu wamasamba umadyanso zakudya zam'mera monga zipatso ndi zipatso.

Mwana wankhuku pang'ono adagwira tizilombo.