Mtundu wamba, wabuluu kapena wobiriwira wamtundu waung'ono ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono ndi nthenga zambiri za chikasu. Mbalameyi ndiofalikira m'malo ocheperako komanso ozizira a Northwest Africa, West Asia ndi Europe. Imakhala kuthengo makamaka m'malo osakanizika komanso osakhwima, makamaka ku birch ndi thundu. Imasinthasintha bwino malo olimidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhazikika m'mapaki ndi m'minda momwe imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi odyetsa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ku Europe. Mbalameyi si yamanyazi ndipo imalola anthu kuti ayandikane.
Pakuswana, amadya makamaka pazakudya za nyama: akangaude ndi tizilombo. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, gawo lina la chakudya chake ndi zakudya zam'mera, monga mbewu. Zoyipa mumabowo, komanso m'maenje okumba.
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Mitundu ya buluu imamva bwino kwambiri pafupifupi m'nkhalango zonse za ku Europe za pakati. M'nkhalango zachilengedwe, zomwe sizoyenera kukhalapo, mbalame zimawoneka kawirikawiri. Blue Tit imakhalanso m'minda yambiri yam'mizinda. Mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi nthawi yachilimwe, amachoka m'nkhalango zazing'ono pomwe mitengoyo ndi yopyapyala kwambiri kuti asapeze malo okhala. Komabe, m'dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu, mbalame zimatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zakale ndi zazing'ono, tchire ndi mabango. Nthawi imeneyi, zipatso za titmouse nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa m'masukulu wamba ndi mitundu ina ya titmouse. Pamodzi, mbalame zimayendayenda m'nkhalango kufunafuna chakudya. Pokhala mu magulu akulu, zipatsozi ndizotetezedwa bwino kwa adani, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku hawk-hawk.
Kufotokozera
Kanyumba kakang'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mulomo wocheperako komanso mchira wamfupi zonse ndi gawo lamtambo wabuluu. Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane zaafotokozedwa m'nkhani ili m'munsiyi. Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kukula kuposa titc yayikulu, koma yayikulu kwambiri kuposa Muscovite - kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 12 ndi kulemera kwa g 14. Mtundu wake umasiyana mosiyana ndi mtundu wina wa ma tini wokhala ndi chipewa cha bluu-azure, komanso mikwingwirima yopyapyala yamtambo yamtambo pafupi ndi mulomo - iwo kudutsa m'maso, kutseka kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mzere wachiwiri wabuluu wakuda umazungulira m'khosi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a kolala.
Mphumi ndi masaya oyera, mchira, mapiko ndi nape ndi zamtambo wabuluu. Monga lamulo, kumbuyo kumakhala kubiriwira maolivi, koma kumatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, kutengera malo. Pansi pa mbalameyo pali mtundu wachikasu, kumtunda kwake pali kamtambo kakang'ono kwambiri kotalika. Miyendo imvi, mbewa yakuda.
ZONSE ZABWINO
M'nyengo yotentha, ma cyanides amadya tizilombo, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pamasamba a mitengo, monga thundu. Amadyanso akangaude, njenjete, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizirombo tina. Mukamadyetsa anapiye, mazira ambiri agulugufe, mbozi kapena mphutsi, zomwe zimapezeka mumitengo ndi tchire, zimasanduka ana aBibibulu. Kudya tizirombo tambiri (mwachitsanzo, mbozi zamtundu wa silcu wokhala ndi waya, ma weevils), masamba abuluu, monga mitundu ina ya ma tini, ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa alimi. M'dzinja, mbalame zimadya nkhomaliro zakutchire, mtedza wa beech ndi m'chiuno. M'nyengo yozizira, kupatula mtedza ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana, Blue Tit imadyanso mbewu. Amakonda kwambiri mbewu za mpendadzuwa, mbewu za poppy ndi ma hazelnuts. M'nyengo yozizira, mitengo ya zipatsozi imasaka makungwa a mitengo. Chapakatikati sayenera kudyetsedwa.
22.11.2017
Common Blue Tit, kapena Tit Blue Tit (Latin: Cyanistes caeruleus) ndi mbalame yochokera kubanja la a Sinitse (Paridae). Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa chipewa chakumaso pamutu komanso mawu olemekezeka kwambiri.
Ndiwocheperako kawiri konse kuposa tit (Parus yayikulu), koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono kuposa titer yakuda (Parus ater).
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Wamba buluu tit Kukula kwapakatikati, pafupifupi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 13 g, kumakula kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 12. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu wamtunduwu ndi mtundu wokhazikika wosasunthika wamapiko ake ndi mtundu wa kapu pamutu wake - mwa mtundu wamba wamtambo wabuluu.
Ndi za mthunzi uno mtundu wabuluu ndipo ali nalo dzina. Kuchokera mkamwa yaying'ono yakumbuyo mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu wake, amadutsa kamtambo kamodzi kakuda, chachiwiri chimapita pansi pa mulomo ndi kumangirira m'khosi mwake, ndikugogomezera masaya oyera. Mimba yake yapakidwa chikasu chowala, pakati pali malo oyera okhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda. Mchira, ngati mapiko, wopaka utoto wamtambo, kumbuyo kumakhala maolivi amdima.
Monga mbalame zina zambiri, chachimuna chachikuda chachikuda chimakhala ndi mtundu wowala kuposa zazikazi kapena zazing'ono zazing'ono. Chithunzi cha Blue Tit, kumene, kulephera kufotokoza kukongola konse kwa mbalame yaying'ono iyi, kuyang'ana utoto wonse wamitundu mumitundu yake ndizotheka pokha podziwona. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa mbalameyi mtundu wabuluu (akalonga) ndi ofanana kukula kwa icho, koma ali ndi zowuluka zambiri.
Malo okhala azores ndi ochulukirapo. Zimagawidwa ku Europe konse, mpaka kumapiri a Ural. Dera lakumpoto la malowa limakhudza Scandinavia, kum'mwera kumadutsa dera la Iraq, Iran, Syria ndikulanda North Africa.
Mtundu wa buluu umakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zakale zowola, makamaka m'nkhalango za oak ndi m'nkhalango za birch. Itha kupezeka m'nkhalango za mitengo ya kanjedza kum'mwera, komanso m'nkhalango za mkungudza za Siberian taiga. M'madera okhala ndi louma, zipululu za m'madzi zam'madzi osefukira mumtsinje, pakati pa mabango ndi mabango, izi zimadziwika kwambiri ndi azure oyera.
Mu chithunzi, mbalame ya buluu yamtambo
Palinso anthu ambiri okhala m'misamba yopanda mitengo komanso m'matauni. Milandu yokhala chisa chawo pamiyala ya nyali ngakhale pa zikwangwani za pamsewu imadziwika. Chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa mbalame ya buluu yamtambo amakakamizidwa kuzolowera mikhalidwe yamakono.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Kukonda kwa mtundu wa buluu, kuyika pang'ono, kumakhala kosangalatsa, komabe, monga anzawo ena. Nthawi zambiri amalowa mwamtendere ndi mbalame zazing'ono zamtundu wina, pogonjetsa gawo lawo. Mtundu wamtunduwu ndiwowonekera bwino kwambiri nyengo yakukhwima, pomwe umathamangitsa ngakhale mtundu wake kuchokera kumalo omwe akuyenera kubereketsa.
Ponena za mwamunayo, momwe Blue Blue imakhalira ochezeka, ndiwokonda chidwi, koma osamala. Mtundu wamtambo (akalonga) wabuluu umakhala ndi chisamaliro chapadera; ndizovuta kwambiri kuzitsatira nthawi yakuswa.
Ngakhale kwa katswiri wazolimbitsa thupi, amadziwika kuti ndi wopambana kupeza chisa cha kalonga, chobisika pakati pa msondodzi ndi mabango. M'nyengo yotentha, mbalameyi imakhala moyo wobisalira, koma pofika nyengo yachisanu, kuunika komwe kumawonekera posachedwa ndi chipale chofewa, kiyuni yamtambo yoyera imayamba kulimba mtima.
Blue Tit imakhala pamtunda wokhazikika, kumangoyendayenda mtunda waufupi. Kusamukira kumatha chifukwa cha kudula mitengo, komanso kuzizira kwambiri. Pofunafuna chakudya, nthawi zambiri zimawulukira m'mabwalo am'mizinda ndi m'mapaki, mofunitsitsa kuchokera kwa odyetsa ndi mbewu ndi mafuta anyama, oimitsidwa ndi dzanja la munthu wosamala.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya buluu yoyamba idafotokozeredwa ndi Karl Linnaeus mu chilengedwe (kapangidwe ka 10) mu 1758. Adaperekanso mtunduwo dzina la Parus caeruleus, malinga ndi momwe mbalameyo imangowonedwa ngati gawo laling'ono la gawo lalikulu. M'zaka zoyambilira za 2000s, pamaziko a kafukufuku wamtundu wa akatswiri a ornithologists aku America, ma cyanides adasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wina.
Gawo wamba la buluu ndi laudindo "Passeriformes" ndi banja la "Titmouse". Banja ili ndi mitundu 46 yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango za ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa. M'mawonekedwe, Blue Tit ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi mpheta, koma ndi maula owala kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 13 cm, ndipo kulemera sikopitirira 13 g.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kukhala osatetezeka kwambiri, mtundu wamtundu wamtambo umakhala sizikuchitika mwachilengedwe m'nkhalango zakale. Mu khungwa la mitengo zakale, mutha kupeza mphutsi zamitundu yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, azores amakonda kudya phwando la mbozi, nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche, udzudzu, ndipo palibe, amasintha kukhala arachnids. Azores amakhala alendo obzala zipatso nthawi zambiri momwe amawonongera tizilombo tambiri.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kugwira tizilombo, ndipo titmouse yabuluu imawuluka mozungulira malo akuluakulu kukafunafuna chakudya. Kenako mbewu za birch, mapulo, paini, spruce ndi mitengo ina zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zawo.
Munkhokwe ndi bango, iwo amatula zitsamba za mbewu poyembekezera kupeza arthropods ndi mphutsi zawo zobisikira nyengo yachisanu. Munthawi yotentha, kuphwanya kwamabuluu pafupifupi (80%) kumasinthana ndi kudyetsa nyama.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mitundu yamtunduwu imatha kutha pakutha kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo. Chiyambireni chakumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, nkhanza zamtunda zadziwika m'khalidwe la anyani amphongo, amasunga mwachangu malo osankhidwawo osalolera mbalame zina kupitako.
Chosangalatsa kuonera Kodi mawonekedwe a buluu amawoneka bwanji pamasewera aubwenzi. Wamphongo, atatsegula mchira wake ndikutambasula mapiko ake, ndikugwetsa pansi ndikuvina pamaso pa wokondedwa wake, ndikuimbira limodzi ndi kuimba kwanyimbo.
Mu chithunzi, chisa cha buluu
Chilolezo chikapezeka, awiriwo amayamba kuyimba limodzi. Kuimba kwa Blue Tit Simungathe kuitcha kuti yapadera, liwu lake ndi laling'ono komanso kupatula momwe limakhalira ndi "CCC" yotchedwa buluu, chithunzi chake chimangokhala ndi zolemba zazing'ono komanso zolemba zazifupi.
Kumvetsera kwa mbalame zamtundu wamtambo
Zachikazi zimagwira ntchito yomanga chisa. Malo abwino pazifukwa zotere ndi kakhomo kakang'ono komwe kali mamita 2-4 pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati kukula kwa bowo kuli kocheperako - mbalameyo imakutula nkhuni ndi kuzibweretsa. Pomanga, timitengo ting'onoting'ono, masamba, udzu, ubweya ndi nthenga timagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mu nyengo imodzi, anapiye a Blue Tit amatsegula kawiri - koyambirira kwa Meyi ndi kumapeto kwa June. Blue Tit Tit yachikazi imayikira dzira limodzi tsiku lililonse, pafupifupi, clutch imatha kukhala ndi mazira 5-12, ophimbidwa ndi chipolopolo choyera chokhala ndi madontho a bulauni.
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imapitilira milungu iwiri. Zachikazi zimachoka pachisa pokhapokha zadzidzidzi, nthawi yonse yotsalayi amakhala mchisa, ndipo yamphongo imasamalira chakudya chake.
Pa chithunzichi, tambala wamtambo wabuluu
Chochititsa chidwi: ngati makolo omwe abadwa kumenewo akuwopsezedwa - amatsanzira kulira kwa njoka kapena kulira kwa lipenga, potero amawayang'anira adani awo osawadziwa. Mphutsi zimatuluka mchisa mkati mwa masiku 15 mpaka 20 kumenyedwa. Kuyambira lero, anapiye angadzisamalire okha, ndipo makolo awo ayambanso kuganizira za ana otsatirawa.
Monga lamulo, okwatirana omwe ali ndi mutu wabuluu amakhala olimba kwambiri, ndipo mbalamezo zimakhala limodzi kwa nyengo zingapo za kubereka, komanso nthawi yayitali, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi zaka 12 pafupifupi.
Kodi chithunzi cha buluu chimawoneka bwanji?
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mchira waufupi komanso mulomo wawung'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi sikupita masentimita 12, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi g 14. Zojambula zamtundu zimafuna chipewa cha buluu ndi mikwingwirima yamdima yakuda kuti muwonetse kukula kwa mulomo wakuda, kudutsa m'maso ndikatseka kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mzere wina wabuluu womwe umakongoletsa khosi, wofanana ndi kolala.
Mphumi ndi masaya zili ndi maula oyera. Mchira ndi mapiko ake amajambula utoto wamtambo. Kumbuyo, utoto wa maolivi umabala, koma kukula kwa utoto, komanso mitundu ya zinthu mumitundu, zimatha kusiyanasiyana malingana ndi dera lomwe mbalameyo imakhalamo. Pansi ali ndi mtundu wachikasu wonyezimira, womwe umapatsa miyendo imvi ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
Akazi amakhala omasuka kwambiri. M'mitundu yambiri, pamakhala mitundu yayitali kapena yoyera kapena yoyera kuposa mitundu yobiriwira wachikasu. Mtundu wa wachinyamata ndiwosalala. Alibe chipewa cha buluu, thupi lake lam'mwambamwamba limachita imvi, pansi pamakhala khungu.
Mbalame imadziwika ndi kuyenda kwakukulu komanso "kuyankhula." Mosiyana ndi gawo losavuta, nyimbo zake zimayamba ndikulimbirana katatu, ndikupanga nyimbo 15. Kulumikizana ndi mbalame zina kumangolephera kunena cyt yochepa, yomwe imatha kubwerezedwanso pamagetsi osiyanasiyana komanso kuthamanga.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa buluu kuthawa.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa buluu kuthawa.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
M'mayiko a ku Europe sichiyimiridwa ku Iceland kokha, malo okwera a Balkan ndi Alps, komanso kumpoto kwa Scotland. Malire a kum'mawa kwa malowa amatchulidwa kuti ndi gawo la nkhalango ya kum'mwera kwa Siberia, kumwera - Syria, Iraq ndi Iran, kumpoto - gawo la Norway, Finland ndi Sweden.
Blue Blue Tit imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango ndi mitengo yakale. Mbalameyi ilibe njira zapadera za malo, kupatula kukhalapo kwa mitengo yabwino. Imatha kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mapaki amtawuni, pamtunda wopanda mitengo yachilendo komanso ngakhale m'nkhalango zambiri. Khalidwe la anthu ndilabwino, lomwe limalola mbalame kuti ipange anthu okhala m'mizinda, kuwerengera kavalidwe kapamwamba m'mapaki.
Mu nkhalango, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa anthu kumawonedwa m'malo omwe mabiridwe kapena mitengo yopanda. Pakati pa zotsalira zomwe zingatheke, azure amakopa kupezeka kwa mlombwa ndi mkungudza, wokutidwa ndi kanjedza. Kumalo ouma, mbalameyi imayesetsa kukhazikika m'nkhalango yamvula yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue pa spruce.
Kodi mtengo wabuluu umadya chiyani?
Ngakhale ili ndi thupi laling'ono, mbalameyo imakonda chakudya chanyama. Mtundu wa buluu umasaka mphutsi ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, omwe kukula kwake sikupita 1 cm kutalika. Pakakhala mbozi ndi mphutsi, chakudya chachikulu cha mbalameyi ndi arachnids. Zingwe zitangopeza mbalame zochulukirapo, zimasinthira kwa iwo.
Mtundu wa buluu umawononga tizirombo tambiri. Ma nsabwe za m'masamba, zopindika zosawerengeka, mphutsi za agulugufe, mbozi za gulugufe - masamba am'madzi, mavu, ntchentche, nsikidzi ndizofunikira pa menyu.
M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, mbalame zimasinthira ku chakudya chamasamba. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku mbewu za mitengo, makamaka birch, boxwood, yew, spruce, paini, cypress, oak ndi mapulo. Mitundu ya buluu sichimanyazi ndipo imadya chakudya kuchokera kwa odyetsa mbalame, kusankha peanut kapena mpendadzuwa ndi mafuta anyama kuchokera pazoperekedwa. Kuchita zinthu zambiri zanzeru komanso kuchita zinthu mwanzeru, anthu okhala pafupi ndi munthu wina anaphunziranso kupeza kirimu m'matumba okhala ndi mkaka. M'nyengo yozizira, zachilengedwe, mbalame zimayesetsa kudutsa mabango kapena msondodzi m'mphepete mwa dziwe kuti zikapeze tizilombo zomwe zimasankha kubisala panthambi.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Mtundu wa Blue.
Blue Tit imadya mafuta.
Mwana wankhuku wa thonje.
Kugawa
Mpaka pano, mabungwe 16 a Cyanistes caerulus amadziwika. Mitunduyi ndi yofalikira ku Europe, Asia Minor, Middle East ndi North Africa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ku Europe chikuyerekeza pafupifupi 16 miliyoni miliyoni.
Mbalame zambiri zimakhala moyo wopatula kunja kwa okhala kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Europe.
Amakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengo yosakanikirana, ndipo ma conifers (makamaka owuma) nthawi zambiri samapetsedwa kupatula zilumba za Canary. Zimapezeka m'mapaki, m'minda komanso malo apakati pamizinda yayikulu. Koposa zonse, nkhalango zowirira zokhala ndi mitengo yazithunzithunzi. Amakonda kukhazikika kumapeto, komanso amasinthidwa kuti akhalepo m'mapiri. Ku Tatras, amapezeka pamalo okwera mpaka 1100 m, ku Alps mpaka 1700, ndi ku Caucasus ndi Pyrenees mpaka 1800 m kumtunda kwa nyanja.
Madera akumadzulo a Russia, azores wamba (azungu a Cyanistes cyanus) amabala ana osakanizidwa otchedwa tit kapena kalonga Pleskei. Kwa nthawi yayitali, hybridyi imawonedwa ngati mitundu yodziyimira payokha.
Khalidwe
Mtundu wamtambo ndi mbalame yoyenda kwambiri komanso yopanda pake. Amakonda kukwera nawo nthambi zowonda, ndikugwetsa mutu wake pansi. Anthu sachita mantha ndipo mwina ali pafupi ndi nyumba ya anthu.Imawuluka moipa kwambiri makamaka pamtunda wautali.
Panthawi yosamukira komanso nthawi yozizira, mbalame zimasonkhana pagulu la anthu mpaka 200, nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi ma toni akuluakulu. M'miyezi yozizira makamaka, amagwirizana ndi mitengo yodziwika bwino yopanga mitengo (Dendrocopos yayikulu), mafumu amfumu achikasu (Regulus regus), nuthatch wamba (Sitta europaea), ndi pikas (Certhia Famaris). M'maphunziro oterowo, anthu okhala ndi nsanjawo amadyera limodzi chakudya komanso kusamala kwambiri nyama zomwe zimadyera.
Pokhala zolengedwa zofunafuna komanso zoyenda mokhazikika, ma titters abuluu omwe ali ndi chidwi chachikulu amaphunzira ming'alu iliyonse mu khungwa la mtengo, kuyesera kuti apeze china chake chobiriwira. Amakwera mosavuta mumdzenje yaying'ono ndipo samaphonya mwayi woti adyetse okha kuchokera ku mbalame zomwe zimadyetsa.
Mbalame zolimba nthawi zina zimadya chakudya ngakhale m'manja mwa anthu.
Kufalitsa
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, komanso kumadera ena akumwera koyambirira kwa Febuluwale, mbalame zokhala ndi masamba abuluu zimayamba kufunafuna malo obisalirako. Zowoneka bwino ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono kapena miyala yopapatiza mumitengo yomwe ili kutalika kosaposa 15 m, kapena mabowo osiyidwa a mitengo yaying'ono. Wamphongo akakapeza malo oyenera, ndikusuntha kwamapiko ndi kukuwa, amamuyitanira mkaziyo. Kenako amalowa mkati kenako ndikuyitana bwenzi lake, ali ndi chidaliro kuti avomera malowa. Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amakana malo angapo asanaganize kuti wapeza zomwe akufuna. Amanga chisa chokha. Mbalameyi imabweretsa moss, udzu wouma ndi zinthu zina mdzenje. Amafinya udzu ndi mabere ndikuwukakamira mpaka m'mphepete mpaka itakoma chisa. Mapeto ake, wamkazi amatchingira chisa chija ndi nthenga. Ma Cyanistes amaikira mazira oyera 7 mpaka 13 ndi mazira ofiira kapena otuwa. Pamagona ndikuyika mazira, yamphongo imateteza gawo lodyera ndi chakudya.
DZIWANI IZI:
- M'nyengo yozizira, azores amapanga "awukira" pa odyetserawo. Mu tsiku limodzi, mpaka ma tini 200 omwe amaluma mtedza nthawi zambiri amauluka kupita ku gululi yomwe imayimitsidwa m'munda ndi mtedza.
- Ku England, titmouse titmouse, yomwe imalowetsa chilichonse chomwe angapezeke, idafika pa kirimu pansi pa chivundikiro cha zojambulazo m'mabotolo amkaka omwe amayi amkaka adachoka pansi pa chitseko. Kuyambira pamenepo, mbalamezi zakhala zikudya zonona mpaka mwambo wobweretsa mkaka kumakomo utatha.
- Nthawi zina ma cyanistes amatulutsa zenera kapena kuwuluka m'chipinda ndikuyika masamba, omwe amamangiriridwa ndi zisa.
- Mtundu wa buluu umabowola m'maenje, mulifupi mwake momwe mulibe kupitirira masentimita 3.5. Komabe, chisa chomwe chimakhala ndi mazira, anapiye ndi achikazi nthawi zambiri chimawononga chikondi.
TITLE LAZOREVKA. KUFotokozera NDI KUSINTHA
Amuna akulu ndi akazi ali ndi utoto womwewo, amuna amuna okha ndi omwe amakhala opepuka pang'ono. Nthenga za mbalame zazing'ono zimasiyananso pang'ono ndi nthenga za abuluu akuluakulu, komabe, sizabwino kwambiri. Mitundu ya buluu mothandizidwa ndi ma tchuthi amphamvu ndi zibwano zimatha kupendekera ngakhale nthambi zowonda, ndikukhwekhwererera. Chifukwa cha izi, amathanso kudya zakudya zamafuta ndi mbewu, zomwe anthu amazipachikira pamitengo. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 7 mpaka 13 ndi mazira ofiira otuwa (amodzi patsiku). Nthawi yodzilimbitsa masabata awiri imayamba pokhapokha dzira lomaliza litayikidwa. Zisa za Blue Tit zimamangidwa m'maenje a mitengo kuchokera ku moss ndi udzu, ndipo pambuyo pake zimalekeka ndi nthenga zofewa.
- Kukula kwa Blue Tit
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Blue tit yomwe imapezeka pafupifupi ku Europe - m'nkhalango komanso pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Malire a malowa amafalikira kumwera kwa Scandinavia, kumadzulo kwa Moscow ndipo amalanda dera la North Africa.
KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA
Kuchulukitsidwa kwa mitengo yamtundu wa buluu kwatsika m'zaka 40 zapitazi chifukwa cha kudula mitengo. Ngakhale izi, palibe chowopseza pakufalikira kwa nyamazo.
Kanema: Blue Tit
Kusiyana pakati pa gawo wamba la buluu kuchokera kwa omwe amapanga - tini yayikulu imangokhala yaying'ono. Tiyi ya buluu imakhala chimodzimodzi ndi chifuwa komanso chifuwa chachikasu, korona, msana, mchira ndi mapiko a mtundu wa buluu wamtambo wokhala ndi mtundu wotuwa. Pamasaya pamakhalanso nthenga zoyera, ndipo pamutu pa mbalameyo ndi mayi ake, ndimtundu wakuda “wozikika” kumbuyo kwa mutu. Masamba a Blue Tit ndi imvi ndi zikhadabo zolimba.
Mbalamezi sizikhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zazimuna ndi zazikazi, kupatula kuti zazimuna zimawoneka zowoneka bwino, makamaka nthawi yamasika, nthawi yakukhwima. Mwa nyama zazing'ono, mtundu wake umakhalanso wowala pang'ono, palibe chipewa kumutu, kumtunda kwa mutu ndi masaya ali amtundu wonyezimira, ndipo pamphumi ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu ndimtambo wachikaso. Pamwamba pa thupi penti utoto wambiri imvi, utoto wakuda ndi wamtambo wakuda, koma osatchulidwanso. Mphekesera imakhala yachikasu kapena yoyera.
Chochititsa chidwi: Blue tit imatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 15, koma nthawi yachilengedwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri - mpaka zaka 5.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi chithunzi cha buluu chimawoneka bwanji?
Chofunikira kwambiri chisiyanitse ndi Blue Tit kuchokera ku mbalame zina ndi kutulutsa kowoneka bwino kwamawonekedwe awo. Mtundu wabuluu ndi mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi mlomo wamfupi ndi mchira, yofanana kwambiri ndi tit, koma yaying'ono kwambiri kukula kwake. Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ma buluu owoneka bwino komanso obiriwira. Kusiyana kwina - kuwonjezera pa chigoba chakuda pamutu, gawo lamtambo wabuluu limakhala ndi chingwe chakuda chamtambo, chofanana ndi kolala yomwe imadutsa m'khosi.
Kupanda kutero, chilichonse chimakhala chofanana ndi mtundu wa ma tini akuluakulu - pamphumi yoyera ndi masaya, mchira wowoneka bwino wamtambo ndi mapiko, msana wobiriwira wa maolivi, m'mimba pamtunda wamtambo, mkamwa wakuda wodekha, miyendo yaying'ono imvi. Ziweto za Azure ndizovuta kwambiri komanso mbalame zoyenda bwino, zimawuluka mwachangu kwambiri, mosasinthasintha, nthawi zambiri zimawomba mapiko awo. Amasambira kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, amakonda kukhala kumapeto kwa nthambi zoonda, atapachikidwa pansi.
Chosangalatsa: Kulemera komanso kapangidwe ka thupi lonse la azurefishfish imamuthandiza kuti azolowera pamwamba osati kokha panthambi zopyapyala, komanso ndolo zopendekera.
Blue Tit imakonda kusewera ndi kuyimba, ndipo pazinthu izi zimasiyana mu repertoire wolemera kwambiri. Nyimbo zawo ndi zokakamira ziwiri-zitatu-zitatu, nyimbo zazitali, ndikukumbukira kulira kwa belu la siliva, kukuwa. Kulankhulana pakati pawo, mbalamezi zimapanga mawu achidule, ofanana ndi "cyt", ndikubwereza kangapo mzere mosiyanasiyana.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mbalame yofiirira imawonekera. Tiwone komwe amakhala.
Kodi mtengo wabuluu umapezeka kuti?
Chithunzi: Blue Tit ku Russia
Ku Europe, Blue Tit imakhala pafupifupi m'maiko onse kupatula Iceland, Scotland (kumpoto), Alps (mapiri), Balkans, zigawo zakumpoto kwa Russia ndi Scandinavia Peninsula.
Ku Norway, gawo la buluu limapezeka kumpoto mpaka pa ma 67., Ku Finland ndi Sweden - kufikira ku 65, kufupi kwamalire a Russia - kwa a 62., Ku Bashkiria - mpaka 58. Kummawa, mtengo wa buluu umakhala kudera lokwezeka kwa Southern Siberia, pafupifupi kufikira Mtsinje wa Irtysh. Kummwera, imapezeka ku Canary, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, kumpoto kwa Syria, Iraq ndi Sudan.
Malo abwino a cyanistre ndi nkhalango yakale ya oak (nkhalango ya oak), pomwe idasankha bwino malo ambiri okhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana, mbalameyo idatha kuzolowera nyengo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakonda kukhalapo kwa mitengo yabwino.
Ku Europe, azores amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowuma kapena zosakanizika, zokhala ndi birch ndi thundu. Nthawi yomweyo, zimatha kupezeka konse konse kumapeto kwa nkhalangoyi, komanso mkati mwa nkhalangoyi, komanso m'mapaki, minda, malo olimapo, malamba amitchi, ngakhale malo owonongeka. Mitundu ya Azure imasangalalanso m'mizinda, yopanga anthu ambiri, osasoka anthu konse.
Kumpoto kwa Africa, mitengo ya buluu yopezeka mu nkhalango zazikulu za oak, m'nkhalango za mkungudza ku Morocco ndi Libya, m'mapiri a Sahara. Pazilumba za Canary, mbalame imatha kupezeka m'miyala yazitali zazitali ndi zisa.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Blue Tit kuthengo
Kummwera ndi pakati pa malo okhala, azores amakhala makamaka okhala, pomwe madera akumpoto amasamukira kumadzulo kapena kumwera nthawi yachisanu. Kusamuka kwa mbalamezi kwakanthawi sizimakhala zachilengedwe ndipo zimadalira nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasamukira mosavuta kuposa mbalame zachikulire.
M'nyengo yakukhwima, mtundu wa buluu nthawi zambiri umakhazikika pawiri, nthawi zina umasokera pamagulu amtundu wina wa zipatso, pikas ndi mafumu. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yotentha, mabanja amalowa m'nkhalango ndi mitengo yakale, komwe mumatha kupeza malo abwino ndikumanga chisa mmenemo. Mabanja amadyetsa anapiyewo limodzi, amawamasula pachisa, kenako nkulekana mpaka nyengo yotsatira.
Monga tanena kale, malisiti amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zosakanikirana ndipo pafupifupi sizimawoneka konse mu conifers, chifukwa ndi ochepa chakudya kwa iwo. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mbalame zimawuluka m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo zimatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zakale kapena zazing'ono, komanso m'nthambi. Mu nthawi yophukira-nyengo yozizira, makamaka mu chisanu chachikulu, mbalame zokhala ndi buluu zimaphatikizidwa mumtundu waukulu wamba ndi mitundu ina ya matipi, ndipo palimodzi mbalame zimasuntha kumalo ndi malo kukafunafuna chakudya choyenera. Kuphatikizika kotereku m'magulu osakanikirana kumakhala koyenera pankhani yopulumuka ozizira kwambiri komanso chitetezo.
Chochititsa chidwi: M'nyengo yozizira, pakakhala chakudya chochepa m'chilengedwe, ma buluu achiwombankhanga amawukira anthu odyetsa omwe amakonda okonda mbalame apa ndi apo. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku limodzi lokha, masamba osachepera 200 amatha kuwuluka kupita kokadyetsa m'munda.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: mbalame ya buluu
Azores amphongo amakopa chidwi cha akazi ndi chiwonetsero cha luso lawo lowuluka ndi nyimbo. Amawuluka mwadzidzidzi komanso mwachangu, kenako amagwa pansi kwambiri, amasewera, ndikuvina. Banja lomwe lidalipo ndiye limayimba mokweza.
Kwa chisa cha thambo lamiyuni yamtambo, timabowo kapena ma voids mumitengo yakale yomwe ili pamwamba kuchokera pansi amasankhidwa. Amuna ndi akazi onse amatenga nawo mbali pomanga chisa. Ngati dzenje ndi lopanikizika, azure amatha kulikulitsa ndi mulomo. M'maderamo, tini adaphunzira kupotoza zisa zawo m'miyala yamiyala, m'malo omanga njerwa, m'mawu amsewu.
Chosangalatsa: Mabowo nthawi zambiri amasankha mabowo a chyanids, omwe m'mimba mwake mulibe kupitirira 3.5 cm.
Kupanga chisa kumayambira mu Epulo komanso kutengera nyengo ndipo kumatha mpaka milungu iwiri. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimawoneka ngati mbale yaying'ono, yomwe pansi pake imakutidwa ndi udzu, moss, fluff ndi ubweya. Zinyalala za zisa za mbalame zimasonkhanitsidwa kudera lonse.
Chochititsa chidwi: Zimachitika kuti ma buluu akamafufuza zinthu zomangira chisa akuuluka m'mawindo achinyumba ndikuchotsa zenera kapena kutulutsa zenera lanyimbo ndi milomo yawo.
Mtundu wa buluu wachikulire nthawi zambiri umapanga timitundu tiwiri nthawi imodzi, ndipo mbalame zazing'ono zimayikira mazira kamodzi. Clutch yoyamba igwera koyambirira kwa Meyi, yachiwiri - kumapeto kwa June. Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch chimatha kukhala chosiyana, kutengera zaka zazikazi ndipo zimasiyana kuchokera mazira 5 mpaka 12. Mazira a ma azores a buluu ndi oyera pabala la bulauni. Yaikazi nthawi zambiri imakhala ikulowerera, ndipo yaimuna imadyedwa. Nthawi zina, chachikazi chimatha kuchoka pachisa kwakanthawi kochepa. Nthawi ya makulidwe nthawi zambiri imatha masiku 16.
Anapiye oswedwa kumene ndiwothandizidwa komanso osusuka kwambiri. Yaikazi imakhala pachisa, ikuwotha, ndipo yamphongo idyetsa banja lonse. Mlendo wosayembekezereka akafika chisa mwadzidzidzi, mbalame zaphokoso zimateteza nyumba yawo mwachangu, ndikupanga phokoso ngati la njoka. Pakatha mlungu umodzi, anapiyewo akamakula, zazikazi zimayambanso kuwadyetsa. Pakatha masiku 21, anapiyewo ali okonzeka kusiya chisa ndi kudzisamalira.
Adani achilengedwe a Azores
Chithunzi: Kodi chithunzi cha buluu chimawoneka bwanji?
Adani achilengedwe a Blue Tit atha kukhala mbalame zazikuluzonse zodyedwa: kadzidzi, kambuku, ndi zazing'ono: Starlings, jay. Ngati wakale agwira tiniyo, ndiye kuti awononga zisa zawo pomadyanso anapiye kapena mazira.
Komanso, oimira ang'ono a banja la marten: ma weas amatha kukwera kudzenje la Blue Tit. Akuluakulu am'banjali, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, sangakwere kulowa, koma amakonda kusaka anapiye omwe angotuluka mchisa ndipo sanaphunzire kuuluka bwino. Makoswe akuluakulu ndi agologolo amawononganso zisa za azores, koma pokhapokha pazochitika momwe dzenje lomwe limakhala mulifupi ndi lokwanira.
Nyengo zoipa zitha kuonedwa ngati mdani wa zipatso. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukudyetsa ana (Meyi, Julayi) nthawi zambiri kumagwa mvula ndipo kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mbozi, ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha anapiyewo, ndizovuta kupeza, chifukwa sizimazizira mazira, kuyembekezera kutentha. Kuperewera kwa chakudya kumatha kuwopseza kufa kwa ana onse.
Komanso, majeremusi - utitiri nthawi zambiri umapezeka zisa za mbalame. Anapiye atachoka chisa, achikulire akuluakulu amatenga kachilombo. Pali utitiri wambiri kotero kuti izi ndizovuta zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga kwachiwiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwamtambo wabuluu m'malo onse okhala ndi zochuluka kwambiri. Akatswiri a Ornithologists amasiyanitsa subspecies 14-16 a mbalamezi, zomwe zimagawika m'magulu awiri. Gulu loyamba limatchedwa caeruleus. Malo omwe mabwanawa amapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia. Gulu lachiwiri, locheperachepera limatchedwa teneriffae ndipo limaphatikizapo zothandizira ku Canary ndi North Africa.
Akatswiri ena a ornithologists amakhulupirira kuti ma tini omwe amagawidwa ku Canary Islands akuyenera kuzindikiritsidwa mwa mitundu ina - Cyanistes teneriffae. Kutsutsana kwakukulu ndikusiyana kwamakhalidwe ndi kuyimba, komanso kuti mbalame za ku Europe sizimayankha konse kuyitanidwa kwa mbalame za Canary. Komabe, C. c. ultramarinus, yemwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Africa. Mtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe apakati pakati pa anthu aku Europe ndi Canary.
Kum'mawa kwa mzere, komwe pamodzi ndi mtundu wamba wa buluu, wamba wamtundu wabuluu kumakhala kofala kwambiri, pakhala pali milandu ya hybridization pakati pa mitunduyi ndi zaka zana zapitazo, akatswiri opanga ma Ornithologists molakwika adawona kuti mitundu ya hybrid ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha. Akatswiri a Ornithologists amayesa mtundu wamtundu wa buluu monga mtundu womwe umakonda kuchuluka, zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa pang'ono ndipo sizifunikira chitetezo chilichonse.
Mtundu wa Blue - mbalame yothandiza, yomwe imathandizira paulimi ndi nkhalango, kuwononga tizirombo (mbozi, nsabwe, ndi zina). Kuphatikiza apo, mosiyana ndi nthumwi za Sparrow order, titmouse sachita nawo zipsinjo - satulutsa zipatso, mpendadzuwa, makutu a chimanga ndi makutu a mbewu za tirigu.
Dera
Ku Europe, masamba abulu wamba amapezeka pafupifupi m'maiko onse, koma sapezeka kumpoto kwa Scotland, ku Iceland, Balkan ndi mapiri a Alps, kumpoto kwa Russia ndi Peninsula ya Scandinavia. Mpaka 1963, adakhala pa Outer Hebrides.
Moyo: Blue Tit
Pakati ndi kum'mwera madera osiyanasiyana kukhazikika, pomwe nthawi yozizira kumpoto imasamukira kumadzulo komanso kumwera. Kuphatikiza apo, maulendo ofulumira m'mapiri ndizotheka. Kusamukira kosamveka kumadaliranso makamaka nyengo yam'masiku komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zazing'ono zomwe sizinafike kutha msinkhu ndizovuta kusuntha kuposa achikulire.
Panthawi yobereketsa, nthawi zonse amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamodzi m'masukulu osakanikirana okhala ndi mutu wautali komanso wamtali, pika wamba komanso mfumu ya mutu wachikasu. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zodziwika bwino pakati pawo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ma flip-flops osiyanasiyana panthambi zopyapyala kwambiri.
Subspecies ndi taxonomy
Mtundu wamba wa buluu mu 1758 unafotokozedwa mwasayansi ndi Carl Linnaeus wodziwika bwino m'buku la khumi la System of Natural. Pamenepo, mtunduwu unapatsidwa dzina loti Parus caeruleus, ndipo mbalamezo zinali zamtunduwu. Cyanistes pamenepo adatchulapo subgenus, pomwe mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a morphological adaphatikiza.Mpaka pano, gawoli lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri angapo, kuphatikizapo a ku Russia.