Galu wa mbusa waku Belgian | |||||
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Agalu Osiyanasiyana a Belgian: Groenendael, Tervuren, Malinois, Lakenua | |||||
Chiyambi | |||||
Malo | Belgium | ||||
Nthawi | 1891 chaka | ||||
Kutalika |
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Kulemera |
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NGATI gulu | |||||
Gulu | 1. Agalu amphaka ndi agalu a ng'ombe, kupatula agalu a ng'ombe aku Swiss | ||||
Gawo | 1. Agalu abusa | ||||
chipinda | 15 | ||||
Chaka | 1956 | ||||
Makonda ena | |||||
Gulu la COP | Abusa | ||||
Gulu la AKC | Zitsamba | ||||
Wikimedia Commons Media Mafayilo | |||||
IFF muyezo pa Wikisource |
Galu wa mbusa waku Belgian - mtundu wa agalu. Fananizani ndi Mitundu ya Abusa. Agalu Abusa a Belgian khalimon, lukeua, malatin ndi Khosin. Malinga ndi gulu la ICF, agalu onsewa amadziwika kuti ndi agalu a mtundu womwewo. M'mayiko ena, mtundu uliwonse mwa mitundu iyi umawonetsedwa mosiyana.
Kuyamba
Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu inayi ya Abusa a ku Belgian:
- Groenendael (wakuda wautali)
- Lakenua (wameta-waya)
- Maliland (Shorthair)
- Tervuren (wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali losiyanitsa, kupatula lakuda)
Zonsezi zimasiyana pokhapokha kapangidwe kake komanso kutalika kwa malaya ndi mtundu.
Ku USA, pansi pa dzina la M'busa wa Belgian, Groenendael yekha ndiye amadziwika, Malinois ndi Tervuren adalembetsa ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana - "Belgian Malinois" ndi "Belgian Tervuren", ndi Lakenua - wosowa kwambiri mwa mitundu inayi - sadziwika konse.
Mbiri yakubadwa
Mu 1891, veterinist waku Belgian, Pulofesa Adolf Riyul, anayesa kupanga mtundu wa abusa amitundu yonse. Adatenga agalu apakatikati a mtundu womwewo wokhala ndi makutu atayima, koma osiyana maonekedwe ndi malaya - atsitsi lalifupi, atsitsi lalitali komanso lalitali. Ngakhale Pulofesa Riyul adalimbikitsa kusinthanitsa ndi malaya, mtundu udali wokondedwa.
Pambuyo pake, mu 1907, muyezo wotsatirawu udakhazikitsidwa: abusa a tsitsi lalitali ayenera kukhala akuda (ma glenendael), atsitsi lalifupi - tan kapena makala: (malinois), ndi a tsitsi lalitali - ashen-imvi (lakenua).
Groenendael adaleredwa ndi woweta galu Nicholas Rose, yemwe amakhala mumzinda wa Groenendael.
Malinois amatchulidwanso tawuni yaying'ono ya Mechelen kapena Malin, ku France.
Lakenua adalandira dzinalo kuchokera ku nyumba yachifumu ya Laeken, komwe padali abusa omwe amabera agalu ndi tsitsi loyera komanso louma. Ili ndiye mtundu wocheperako wa "Belgians".
Tervuren adalandiranso dzina lake kuchokera mumzinda womwe ankakhala wobala wawo woyamba.
General mawonekedwe
Galu wokhala ndi mizere yolimba, yolingana bwino, waluntha, wosaganizira, wokonzeka kutuluka panja, osagwirizana ndi kusintha kwanyengo ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana za mlengalenga za Belgian. Ndi mitundu yake yolumikizana, yodula mutu, m'busa waku Belgian apereke chithunzi cha nyumba yachifumu yokongola, yomwe idasankhidwa kukhala mtundu wosankhidwa wa agalu ogwira ntchito awa.
Mutu
Mutu umakongola bwino, kutalika, koma osati kowuma kwambiri. Kutalika kwa gawo la cranial ndi muzzle kuli pafupifupi zofanana, kupukutira kuli kotalika pang'ono kuposa chigaza, chomwe chimapatsa mutu kumaliza. Mphuno ndi yakuda, mphuno zimatsegulidwa bwino. Ziphuphu zazitali kutalika, pang'onopang'ono kukoka mphuno. Kumbuyo kwa mphuno kumakhala kowongoka, ndikakuwona mu mbiri, ndikufanana ndi mzere woganiza wopitiliza kukhosi. Pakamwa pake pamatseguka bwino.
Milomo yake ndi yopyapyala, yolimba, yopakidwa utoto kwambiri, yopanda mateche a pinki. Ma cheekbones ndi owuma, pafupifupi athyathyathya, nthawi yomweyo ali ndi minofu yabwino. Nsagwada zimakhala ndi mano olimba ndi oyera, opezeka molondola, omata bwino kwambiri nsagwada zopangidwa bwino. Kulumidwa kwa lumo, ndiko kuti, zoluka za nsagwada zapamwamba zimaphimba pang'ono zofunikira za m'nsagwada yam'munsi ndikugwirana. Kusintha kuchokera pamphumi kupita kutsitsi (miyendo) ndikocheperako, koma ndikuwoneka. Zipilala zapamwamba sizituluka, phokoso lomwe lili pansi pa maso nlodzaza bwino.
Zoneneratu
Mawonekedwe amtsogolo ndi mafupa olimba, owuma komanso okongola. Ma phewa ndi aatali komanso osakhazikika, opindika bwino, amapanga njira yoperekera ndi humerus kuti mafoni azikhala. Zolocha ziyenera kusuntha mofanananira ndi cholowera kutalika kwa thupi. Zotsogola ndizitali komanso zolumikizidwa bwino. Metacarpus wamphamvu komanso wamfupi, woyera, wopanda zizindikiro za rickets. Ma paws amakhala pafupifupi ozungulira mawonekedwe, zala zimapindika komanso kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu, mapepala ndiakuda komanso otanuka, misomaliyo ndi yakuda komanso yolimba.
Torso
Thupi ndi lamphamvu, koma osati lolemera. Amuna, kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira phewa mpaka kumbuyo kwa ntchafu kuli pafupifupi kofanana ndi kutalika kufota. M'malo ochepa, kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kutalika komwe kumafota. Chifuwa ndichopanda modekha, koma chakuya kwambiri komanso chopanda mphamvu, monga nyama zonse zopirira. Nthiti zimapindika kumtunda. Zinafotokozedwa. Mzere wapamwamba (kumbuyo ndi kutsika kumbuyo) ndi wowongoka, mulifupi, wokhala ndi minofu yolimba. Mimba imapangidwira moyenera, osati yowuma kapena yomangika, ngati greyhound, imapitiliza mzere wowongoka woloza pansi pa chifuwa. Chingwecho chimakonda pang'ono, chokwanira mokwanira.
Miyendo yakumanja
Miyendo ya kumbuyo ndi yamphamvu, popanda kupindika, imayenda mu ndege yomweyo ndi kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo. Khazikikani pansi. Mchiuno ndi yotakata komanso yopanga minofu. Maclocs amakhala pafupifupi pamzere wofanana ndi bondo. Miyendo yake ndi yayitali, yopingasa, yopanda minyewa, yopindika mozungulira kumabowo, koma osati mopitirira. Metatarsus amphamvu komanso achidule. Zouma sizabwino.
Ma paws amakhala pafupifupi ozungulira mawonekedwe, zala zake ndizowongoka komanso zolimba kwambiri, mapepala ndiakuda komanso otanuka, misomaliyo ndi yakuda komanso yakuda.
Mchira
Mchira wakhazikitsidwa bwino, wolimba kumunsi, wautali wamtali. M'malo modekha, galu amamugwira, pomwe kumapeto kumakokedwa pang'ono pamlingo wophatikiza, poyenda mchira wake umakwera ngati mawonekedwe apindika, koma nthawi yomweyo suyenera kuwombedwa ndi mbedza kapena kugwadira mbali. Mwa amuna, mchirawo ndi wofalikira pang'ono komanso wautali kuposa wachikazi.
Zoyipa
- wamakani kapena wamantha
- mphuno, milomo, matope, komanso zokutira,
- kugwedezeka pang'ono
- maso opepuka,
- mapewa owongoka kwambiri
- zofowoka, zowongoka,
- miyendo yotseguka
- Mchira wokwera kwambiri ngati mbewe yopatuka pakati pa thupi,
- kusowa kwa undercoat,
- imvi, mithunzi sikhala yotentha kokwanira kapena blurry,
- chigoba chosagwirizana.
Kuletsa Zolakwika
- kuvindikira kwambiri kapena undershot.
- kusowa kwa nyumba zina: kusowa kwa kagawo kakang'ono kamodzi (PMI) komwe kali kumbuyo kwa canine kumaloledwa popanda kutsika, kusowa kwa PMI kapena amodzi mwa omwe akutsatira matendawa kumachepetsa galu, kusapezeka kwa nyumba zitatu kumapangitsa kuti galu akhale,
- kupachika kapena kukhazikitsa makutu
- bobot kuyambira kubadwa kapena mchira wokhazikika, kapena wodulidwa,
- mawanga oyera m'malo ena osati pachifuwa kapena pa zala.
- kusowa kwa chigoba kuchokera ku tervuren kapena malinois,
- wosalamulirika kapena wankhanza, kapena wamantha kwambiri komanso wamantha m'chilengedwe: panthawi yoyeserera, galu amayenera kuchita modekha komanso molimba mtima,
- kusowa kwa mayeso amodzi kapena awiri mwa amuna.
Ubweya
Chovala chimakhala chachifupi pamutu, kumbuyo kwamakutu komanso m'munsi mwa miyendo, kupatula kumbuyo kwa miyendo yakutsogolo, chomwe chimakhala ndi miyendo kuyambira m'miyendo mpaka pazitsulo. M'malo otsala a thupi, tsitsi limakhala lalitali komanso loyandikana, lalitali komanso lochulukirapo kuzungulira khosi komanso pansi pa chifuwa, pomwe limapanga kolala yokhazikika. Ma auricles mkati amatetezedwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, m'munsi mwa makutu, tsitsi limakwezedwa ndikuwongolera mutu. Mchiuno ndi yokutidwa ndi ubweya wautali komanso wandiweyani, ndikupanga "mathalauza". Mchirawo umakongoletsedwa ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lakuda pamaonekedwe a sultan.
Malawi
Mtundu wunifolomu yofiira ndi "makala" ndi chigoba chakuda.
Groenendael
Mtundu wakuda wangwiro. Analoleza "taye" yoyera ndi tsitsi loyera pang'ono pazala zamiyendo yakumbuyo.
Lakenua
Red mutu wokhala ndi matope akuda, makamaka pamizu ndi mchira. Choyera chatsopano chovomerezeka pachifuwa ndi pazala zakumiyendo yakumbuyo.
Ubweya
Kutalika kwa chovalacho ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kosiyana kwa abusa a ku Belgian; kusiyana kumeneku ndiko kukhazikitsa maziko agawidwe amitunduyo kukhala mitundu. Nthawi zonse, chovalacho chimayenera kukhala chopanda, chofowoka, chokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, komanso chovala chamkati cha silky kuti chiziteteza bwino ku nyengo zoyipa.
Chikopa
Khungu limakhala zotanuka koma limangirira thupi. Zomwe zimapanga mucous zimakhala ndi pigment kwambiri.
Kutalika
Kutalika kofunikira kwa amuna ndi masentimita 62 pa kufota, kulumala - masentimita 58. Amaloledwa kukula 2 cm osachepera avareji ndi 4 cm kuposa average.
Gait
Poyenda, galu amagwira ntchito, kugwira malo akulu, osapanikizika. Ndi mkwiyo wake wowoneka bwino, mbusa waku Belgian amakonda kusuntha mozungulira m'malo motsatira njira zowongoka.
Zoyipa
- wamakani kapena wamantha
- mphuno, milomo, matope, komanso zokutira,
- kugwedezeka pang'ono
- maso opepuka,
- mapewa owongoka kwambiri
- zofowoka, zowongoka,
- miyendo yotseguka
- Mchira wokwera kwambiri ngati mbewe yopatuka pakati pa thupi,
- kusowa kwa undercoat,
- imvi, mithunzi sikhala yotentha kokwanira kapena blurry,
- chigoba chosagwirizana.
Kuletsa Zolakwika
- kuvindikira kwambiri kapena undershot.
- kusowa kwa nyumba zina: kusowa kwa kagawo kakang'ono kamodzi (PMI) komwe kali kumbuyo kwa canine kumaloledwa popanda kutsika, kusowa kwa PMI kapena amodzi mwa omwe akutsatira pambuyo pake kumachepetsa galu, kusapezeka kwa nyumba zitatu sizimapangitsa kuti galu akhale,
- kupendekera kapena kukhazikitsa makutu,
- bobot kuyambira kubadwa kapena mchira wokhazikika, kapena wodulidwa,
- mawanga oyera m'malo ena osati pachifuwa kapena pa zala.
- kusowa kwa chigoba kuchokera ku tervuren kapena malinois,
- wosalamulirika kapena wankhanza, kapena wamantha kwambiri komanso wamantha m'chilengedwe: panthawi yoyeserera, galu amayenera kuchita modekha komanso molimba mtima,
- kusowa kwa mayeso amodzi kapena awiri mwa amuna.
Zosiyanasiyana
Groenendael ndi Tervuren
Ubweya
Chovala chimakhala chachifupi pamutu, kumbuyo kwamakutu komanso m'munsi mwa miyendo, kupatula kumbuyo kwa miyendo yakutsogolo, chomwe chimakhala ndi miyendo kuyambira m'miyendo mpaka pazitsulo. M'malo otsala a thupi, tsitsi limakhala lalitali komanso loyandikana, lalitali komanso lochulukirapo kuzungulira khosi komanso pansi pa chifuwa, pomwe limapanga kolala yokhazikika. Ma auricles mkati amatetezedwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, pansi pamakutu tsitsi limakwezedwa ndikuwongolera mutu. Mchiuno ndi yokutidwa ndi ubweya wautali komanso wandiweyani, ndikupanga "mathalauza". Mchirawo umakongoletsedwa ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lakuda pamaonekedwe a sultan.
Lakenua
Red mutu wokhala ndi matope akuda, makamaka pamizu ndi mchira. Choyera chatsopano chovomerezeka pachifuwa ndi pazala zakumiyendo yakumbuyo.
Ubweya
Kutalika kwa chovalacho ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kosiyana kwa abusa a ku Belgian; kusiyana kumeneku ndiko kukhazikitsa maziko agawidwe amitunduyo kukhala mitundu. Nthawi zonse, chovalacho chimayenera kukhala chopanda, chofowoka, chokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, komanso chovala chamkati cha silky kuti chiziteteza kwambiri ku nyengo zoyipa.
Chikopa
Khungu limakhala zotanuka koma limangirira thupi. Zomwe zimapanga mucous zimakhala ndi pigment kwambiri.
Kutalika
Kutalika kofunikira kwa amuna ndi masentimita 62 pa kufota, kulumala - masentimita 58. Amaloledwa kukula 2 cm osachepera avareji ndi 4 cm kuposa average.
Gait
Poyenda, galu amagwira ntchito, kugwira malo akulu, osapanikizika. Ndi mkwiyo wake wowoneka bwino, mbusa waku Belgian amakonda kusuntha mozungulira m'malo motsatira njira zowongoka.
Zoyipa
- wamakani kapena wamantha
- mphuno, milomo, matope, komanso zokutira,
- kugwedezeka pang'ono
- maso opepuka,
- mapewa owongoka kwambiri
- zofowoka, zowongoka,
- miyendo yotseguka
- Mchira wokwera kwambiri ngati mbewe yopatuka pakati pa thupi,
- kusowa kwa undercoat,
- imvi, mithunzi sikhala yotentha kokwanira kapena blurry,
- chigoba chosagwirizana.
Kuletsa Zolakwika
- kuvindikira kwambiri kapena undershot.
- kusowa kwa nyumba zina: kusowa kwa kagawo kakang'ono kamodzi (PMI) komwe kali kumbuyo kwa canine kumaloledwa popanda kutsika, kusowa kwa PMI kapena amodzi mwa omwe akutsatira pambuyo pake kumachepetsa galu, kusapezeka kwa nyumba zitatu sizimapangitsa kuti galu akhale,
- kupachika kapena kukhazikitsa makutu
- mchira waufupi kuyambira pobadwa kapena mchira wokhomedwa, kapena wodulidwa,
- mawanga oyera m'malo ena osati pachifuwa kapena pa zala.
- kusowa kwa chigoba kuchokera ku tervuren kapena malinois,
- wosalamulirika kapena wankhanza, kapena wamantha kwambiri komanso wamantha m'chilengedwe: panthawi yoyeserera, galu amayenera kuchita modekha komanso molimba mtima,
- kusowa kwa mayeso amodzi kapena awiri mwa amuna.
Zosiyanasiyana
Groenendael ndi Tervuren
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
M'mayiko ambiri, mitundu ingapo ya abusa a ku Belgian ndi otalikirana (kusiyanako ndi United States, komwe Malinois ndi Tervuren amalembedwa mosiyana, ndipo Lakenua amawonedwa ngati osadziwika). Zonse zimatengera mtundu ndi chikhoto. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe agalu ndi ofanana, monga oyimira mtundu womwewo.
Mitundu Yobadwa - Makulidwe
Kumanga kuyenera kukhala kowuma, kukula - pakati. Kumbuyo ndikulimba, ndi minofu yokhazikika. Mphamvu zam'miyendo ndi khosi lalitali kwambiri zimawoneka bwino. Makutu ndi ang'ono, amakhala okwera. Phokoso lake ndi lopindika, lalitali.
Kutalika kufota ndi kulemera koyenera:
- amuna - 62 masentimita, 25-30 kg,
- mabatani - masentimita 58, 20-25 kg.
Zowonjezera! Mukukula, kupatuka kwa ± 2 sentimita ndikuloledwa.
Khosin
Izi zikuwoneka ngati zokumbutsa za Maliland, koma ndi malaya atali. Chifukwa cha chovala chake cha ubweya, Tervuren adakhala amakonda kwambiri obereketsa agalu.
Chovalacho ndi chachitali, chokhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso chofiirira pachifuwa komanso kupukutira. Mtundu wololera umalola zofiirira zilizonse. Phokoso lakuthwa ndi makutu amawoneka okhwima komanso okongola.
Groenendael
Ma subspecies okha a ku Belgians, amalola kusintha kwamtundu umodzi wokha, komwe kumatchedwa - Groenendael.
Tsitsi lake lalitali-lakuda limapangitsa maonekedwe a nyamayo kukhala okongola komanso osakumbukika. Makamaka tsitsi lowonda, longa ngati mamuna limakula mozungulira khosi. Mafotokozedwe ena onse a Groenendael siwosiyana ndi abale ake.
Zojambula zama Psychology za mtundu
Malg Belgian, monga ma subspecies ena, si chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa eni nzeru kapena osakonzekera. Uku ndi mtundu wa ntchito womwe umafuna maphunziro kuyambira ubwana. Pafupi ndi galu wotere ayenera kukhala wolimba mtima yemwe amadziwa momwe angafikire galu.
Mbusa wa ku Belgian
Malinois amagwira ntchito moyo wonse. Agalu oterewa amachenjeza anthu osawadziwa, polephera kuwongolera zinthu, izi zimatha kuyambitsa mkwiyo.
Zina Zowonjezera! Anthu aku Malinois amatchedwa ng'ona chifukwa cha dzino lawo - amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito fangs kuchokera kuubwana.
Mwiniwake ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika za chiweto chothandizira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
Zomwe zimaphunzitsidwa ndikuphunzitsa agalu aubusa a Belgian
Mu mawonekedwe a Mbusa wa Belgian ndi Malinois, kuphatikiza, ndizosatheka kuyang'ana kwambiri zakunja ndi zogwira ntchito, kunyalanyaza maluso apamtima a agalu awa.
Belgi ndiwothandiza kwambiri komanso amaphunzitsidwa bwino. Mulingo wawo wapamwamba wa IQ umatsimikiziridwa osati kokha ndi kutha kuloweza mwachangu mawu atsopano, malamulo ndi malingaliro a mwini, komanso kuthekera kwakudziyimira palokha ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku.
Kwa galu uyu, kupsinjika kwa malingaliro sikungopangika, koma kofunikira.Mwiniwake yemwe ali ndi mwayi wokhala ku Milandu ayenera kuganizira kuti galuyo adzafunika kuzimiratu mwakuthupi komanso mwamalingaliro.
Kukongoletsa
Pokonzekera kukhala mwini wa galu wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, munthu ayenera kukhala wokonzekera maulendo okhazikika kwa woweta tsitsi - galu. Koma mutha kuphatikiza tsitsili nokha: muyenera kuchita izi ndi apadera apadera, ndipo mulibe vuto ndi tsitsi lalitali laumunthu.
Chovala chapadera chidzafunika pokhapokha tsiku lachiwonetsero. Masiku angapo patsogolo pake ndikoyenera kuchezera mkwati, ndipo amapatsa ubweyawo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. M'njira zina zonse, mwiniwake ayenera kutsatira malamulo onse osamalira tsitsi la galu.
Zochita pachiwonetsero
Kuyenda
Galu monga m'busa waku Belgian amafunika kuyenda kwamtali tsiku lililonse (pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka). Ayenera kudzazidwa ndi masewera osiyanasiyana olimbikira.
Galu yemwe amadziwa kuyenda pakangodumphira posachedwa, amakhala kuti waphunziranso kuthana ndi mphamvu zina: mwachitsanzo, imayang'ana zinthu za mwini.
Zofunika! Muyenera kuyenda galu wa Mbusa wa Belgian osachepera kawiri patsiku, moyenera - katatu.
Imodzi mwayendedwe ikhoza kukhala yochepa (yapakati) pakati pa awiriwo.
Zakudya zoyenera komanso kudya
Galu ayenera kulandira zinthu zonse zofunikira kuti akukule komanso kukula bwino. Pali mitundu iwiri ya chakudya cha galu: chakudya chowuma komanso chachilengedwe.
Zofunika! Kwa galu aliyense, chakudya chouma chimasankhidwa payekha. Agalu ena omwe ali ndi vuto logaya chakudya amatha kudya zakudya zachilengedwe.
Pazakudya ziyenera kukhala:
- mapuloteni (mazira, nyama, nsomba),
- chakudya (chimanga),
- nyama yokonda
- mafuta (masamba mafuta).
Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa zakudya zachilengedwe ndikuti ndikosavuta kwa mwiniwake kuyang'anira payokha kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe ikusowa.
Kugogoda
Mabatani ali okonzekera kukhwima ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Amuna oyambira zaka zakubadwa samalimbikitsidwanso kuti aziluka kuti apewe mavuto azaumoyo mwa makolo ndi ana awo.
Kudziwana kumayenera kuchitika pamalo osaloŵererapo, kudzimangira wokha - m'gawo la galu. Izi zisanachitike, muyenera kuyenda agalu onse awiri bwino. Pambuyo kuluka koyamba, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa kayendedwe mkati mwa 24-48. Kulowererapo pochita izi sikuyenera.
Ubwino ndi kuipa, mtengo wa ana
Pofotokozera zonse pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kuyitanitsa zabwino zonse za abusa a ku Belgian mndandanda umodzi:
- anzeru kwambiri
- chitetezo ndi ubusa zimakulitsidwa:
- kusowa kwamtsogolo kwa matenda akulu:
- ntchito,
- kuphunzira bwino,
- sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera cha tsitsi (mogwirizana ndi Malinois).
Masewera a Frisbee ndi galu
Komabe, sitiyenera kuyiwala za katundu yemwe mbusa waku Belgian ayenera kuwerengera:
- galu amafunikira maphunziro
- ntchito zapamwamba zitha kuchititsa kusamvera,
- osati abwenzi abwino kwambiri aana,
- Nthawi zambiri amadzivulaza chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiri,
- pamafunika chidwi chochuluka.
Mtengo wa ana agalu umatengera zinthu zambiri: unzake, dzina la wophunzirayo, kuwunika kwa zomwe mwana angathe kuwonetsa.
Zowonjezera! Mtengo ukhoza kusiyana ndi ma ruble 10,000 mpaka 50.
Momwe mungasankhire mwana
Mukamasankha mwana wa ana, muyenera kumvetsera mwachidwi ndi makolo ake: makanda onse ndi okongola, ndipo izi zimatha kuwachititsa khungu. Poyenera, muyenera kuzolowera zachilengedwe zam'tsogolo: ngati makolo ake akale anali ndi kupatuka kapena anali ochepa, ndiyenera kuganizira.
Mukakumana ndi zinyalala, muyenera kuyang'ana ubale wa mwana ndi ana agalu, zomwe akuchita ndi zomwe angachite mlendoyo. Agalu sayenera kuchita mantha kwambiri ndikuthawa. Chidwi chopatsa chidwi komanso chidwi chili cholandilidwa, kusewera pamasewera ndi anzanu.
Zina Zowonjezera! Njira yabwino yoyeserera dongosolo lamanjenje la galu ndikuti mukulira makiyi mwangozi. Khwangwala sayenera kuchita mantha kapena kuwonetsa ukali.
Agalu achi Belgian ndi antchito abwino komanso anzawo abwino. Musanagule imodzi mwa agaluwa, munthu ayenera kuwunikira chuma chake ndikukonzekera ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku pa chiwetocho ndi iyemwini.