Ma lemm ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono kuchokera ku banja la hamster ndi vole subfamily, omwe amayimilidwa ndi mitundu komanso mitundu yambiri yokhudzana. Makoko amakonda kukhala m'malo a tundra ndi nkhalango za tundra, komwe ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa zinyama zam'deralo. Ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa nyama izi, kutha kwa mitundu yambiri yazinyama zazing'ono zayamba, kuphatikiza ndi kadzidzi, nkhandwe ya arctic ndi ermine. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale nyama zazing'ono ngati izi zimatha kuchita gawo lofunikira kwambiri mwachilengedwe cha tundra.
Kunja mandimu ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi hamsters odziwika ndi ma voles, koma wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa zolengedwa izi ndi pestle. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa polar parsley.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nyamayo
Pafupifupi nyama zonse kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso thupi. Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti ndi a mtundu uti kapena amakhala kuti amakhala. Wachikulire amakula mpaka masentimita 10-15 m'litali ndipo amapeza 20 mpaka 70 magalamu a misa. Nyamazo zimawoneka ndi miyendo yayifupi, ndipo mwa zina zimaperekedwa mwa ma pulasitiki achilendo. Zodzikongoletsera zimakhala ndi mchira wamfupi wokhala ndi kutalika kosaposa masentimita awiri. Pa mandimu mutu umadontha pang'ono, ndipo kupukutira kumakhala kowoneka bwino. Maso ang'onoting'ono amaoneka okongola poyerekeza ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono obisika pansi paudzu wakuda.
Ponena za tsitsi lakelo, limayimiridwa ndi tsitsi lakuda ndi lakuda lomwe limakhala lalitali. Chifukwa cha izi, makoswe amalolera momasuka kutentha kwambiri mwanjira ya chisanu 35. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ena amakhala ndi ubweya wakuda pamiyendo yawo - "yotentha yokha". Ma lemoni amatha kujambulidwa wonyezimira, wonyezimira kapena wamtambo. Monga chigoba, ubweya umakhala wopepuka kwambiri kapena woyera kwathunthu.
Moyo Wam'madzi Wamtchire Kumene Lemming Amakhala
Nyamayi imakonda tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra, yomwe imapezeka kumpoto kwa Europe, Asia ndi North America. Gawo lofunikira kwambiri la anthu yomwe ili kuzilumba za Arctic Ocean.
Nyamazo amazolowera kukhala payekha, ndipo magulu ang'onoang'ono amapanga nthawi yozizira, pomwe amafunika kutenthetsa chisa wamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi. Wina amapanga zitsime zakuya pansi, wina amakhala m'malo obisika pakati pa miyala, pansi pa mitengo ndi zitsamba. Anthu ena amakhala mwachisanu m'chipale chofewa, pomwe samakhala osasangalatsa, amakhalira chaka chonse.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimayamba kusamukira kuderalo ndi chakudya chochuluka. Akazi okhala ndi ana sachoka komwe amakhala nthawi yozizira komanso yozizira. Nawonso amphongo nthawi zonse amakhala akuyenda, kudutsa gawo lalikulu kufunafuna chakudya. Kutumiza akazi itha kukhala kuchokera pamilimita iwiri ya gawo lake, ngakhale kuti imaletsedwa kuchokera ku zinyama zina, nyama izi sizisonyeza ukali uliwonse pomwe zalowa mdera lawo.
Makoswe ambiri amakhalabe ogwira ntchito usiku ndi usana, koma nthawi yozungulira ndi motere.
- Gawo 3:
- Maola 1,2 mwa nyama zitatu izi amadya,
Zomwe mitengo ya leming imatha kudya
Zomwe zimapangidwira pakudya kwa mandimu zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mitundu ndi mawonekedwe amalo omwe akukhala. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lalikulu la anthu amakonda:
- mham
- lichens
- sedge
- chimanga
- masamba
- makungwa a mitengo yabwino.
Anthu ena amadya bowa, zipatso ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Nyama zimatha kusunga chakudya chochuluka m'makola apadera - otchedwa mafiriji achilengedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimatha kudya masamba oyambira oundana.
Makoswe amadya zakudya zambiri patsiku. Mwachitsanzo, kulemera kwake kumalemera kawiri kulemera kwa nyama. Zotsatira zake, mchaka amatha kudya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 50 a zakudya zamasamba zosiyanasiyana. Ndiosavuta kuwona mzeru. M'malo omwe amakhala Zomera zokhotakhota pansi zoweta, ma lichens ndi mosses zilipo. Koma madera omwe nyamazo zimakhalamo, zimadzaza msanga ndi chakudya chatsopano, motero ndizoletsa panthawiyi kuti zikhale ndi njala, chifukwa chilengedwe mwachangu chimayika zonse pamalo ake.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma lemmings
Mitengo ya mandemings ndi ina mwa mitundu yayitali kwambiri, ngati mitundu yambiri imatha kubereka ana chaka chonse.
Chochititsa chidwi pa moyo wamakondo ndi chakuti pambuyo umuna, wamwamuna amasiya mkazi ndipo sanapeze banja naye. Nthawi ya bere imatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu. Wamkazi amabereka ana amuna mu chisa chotenthawokutidwa ndi mbewa yayikulu kapena udzu wowuma. Nthawi imodzi, amatha kubereka kuchokera ku zazing'onoting'ono ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Kulemera kwa zatsopano ndi 1.9-2.3 g. Nyama zokhala m'maso zakhungu zimakula msanga ndikudziyimira pawokha. Gawo lomaliza la moyo limapezeka pazaka zitatu. Akakhala ndi masiku 11 mpaka 12, amayamba kuwona bwino, ndipo posakhalitsa amayamba kupanga ulendo wawo woyamba kuchokera kubowo.
Wamkazi wotalika amatha kubereka pakati pa ana awiri kapena asanu pachaka, ndipo nthawi yotsatila imayamba masiku 3-4 pambuyo pobereka.
Mnyamata wamwamuna amawoneka ngati wokhazikika pofika miyezi iwiri, pomwe wamkazi amakhala ndi zaka zitatu zokha. Ma lemoni samakhala osaposa zaka 1-2.
Mitundu yayikulu ya mandimu
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu inayi ya mandimu, yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ingapo. Asanu ndi awiri a iwo amakhala kudera la Russian Federation. Mwa mitundu yodziwika:
- kutchera nkhalango,
- Lemming waku Siberi
- Norming Lemming
- sanamvere lemming,
- Amur Lemming.
Kudula mitengo
Mitundu ya mandimu imakumana ku dera la Norway ndi taiga ya Russia kufikira kumunsi kwa Mtsinje wa Kolyma. Amakonda nkhalango zowirira za coniferous, deciduous kapena osakanikirana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pali chakudya chochuluka chochuluka, chomwe ndi moss - chakudya chawo chachikulu. Kunja, mandimu amaoneka ofanana kwambiri, koma kukula kwake ndi kocheperako. Wachikulire amakhala ndi thupi la masentimita 8-13 lolemera 20 mg. Kutalika kwa mchira sikumaposa masentimita awiri.
Omwe amayimira mandimu a nkhalango amasiyana mitundu ina ya tsitsi lawo. Zimawachitikira kukhala amtundu kapena wakuda, okhala ndi mawanga ofiira amaso kumbuyo. Thupi la zofananira zaumwini limaphimbidwa ndi malo amtali omwe amaphimba mbali yofunika kwambiri kumbuyo ndi khosi. Chovala ndi chowala zitsulo zowala ndi mithunzi yowala.
Pazakudya za mandmings a nkhalango, malo akuluakulu amakhala ndi moss ndi mitundu yake yambiri (yobiriwira, sphagnum, hepatic). Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, malo omwe pali mandimu amatha kutsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe a dazi mumagawo owonongeka kwathunthu. Pansi pazakudya tating'onoting'ono titha kuphatikizira lichens ndi mahatchi. Sadzadya udzu ndi masamba.
Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango mandimu amachepetsedwa. Ndipo ngakhale nthawi ndi nthawi, kutulutsa kwodabwitsa kukuwoneka m'zinyama, zimazimiririka pakapita nthawi.
Nyama zitha kulolera tularemia ndi encephalitis yolemetsa.
Lemming waku Siberi
Amawonetsedwa kuti ndiwofera kwambiri womwe amakhala ku tundra ku Eurasia, kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russian Federation ndi zilumba zina za Arctic Ocean. Kutalika kwa mbewa samapitirira masentimita 12-18 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 45 mpaka 130. Zizindikiro za kulemera ndi kutalika kwa amuna zimaposa zizindikiro za akazi. Nyamazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wamtundu wamtambo wokhala ndi maonekedwe achimaso ndi akuda.
Mzere wakuda umayambira kumapeto kwa mphuno kupita kumchira kumbuyo. Zokongoletsera zimakhala ndi mbali zolimba ndi masaya okhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Anthu ena amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kuzungulira maso komanso pafupi ndi makutu.
Gawo lofunikira kwambiri la anthu yokhala ndi masamba akuda m'mphepete mwa zilumba zopezeka ku zilumba za Novosibirsk ndi zilumba za Wrangel.
M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya wa mandimu a ku Siberia amakhala ndi mtundu wowala komanso wosalala. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyera bwino, chomwe chimapatsa nyamazo ziwombo zabwino.
Nyama za ku Siberia zimatha nthawi yayitali kwambiri m'moyo wawo. Samasamukira ndipo amakhala malo amodzi mokhazikika. Panyengo yamvula yamvula makoswe amasamukira kumadera otsetsereka, ndipo nthawi yotentha amakumba mabowo ataliitali m'mapiri kapena amagwiritsa ntchito pobisalira mwachilengedwe, komwe amadya zakudya zam'mera.
Kodi mandimu ndi ndani?
Ma lemoni ndi makoswe ochepa a banja la hamster. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu 20 Yapanja, zonse ndi zofanana kwambiri. Thupi la mandimu ndi wandiweyani, kutalika kwa 15 cm, mchirawo ndi waufupi, masentimita awiri okha.
Makutu ang'onoang'ono obisika mu ubweya, mawotchi afupikitsa kwambiri. Mumaluwa omata, zibowo zimamera pamphumi ndi nyengo yozizira. Iwo, ngati ziboda, akusenda chisanu nthawi yozizira kukafunafuna chakudya.
Maimidwe opindika
Kodi mandimu amakhala kuti?
Kukhazikika kwa nyama izi ndi malo a tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra. Kuphatikiza pa North America, Eurasia, zimatha kuwoneka pazilumba za Arctic Ocean.
Malimu amakhala mu ma mink, omwe amadzizikumba okha. Burrows imayimira maulendo ochulukirapo. Nthawi zambiri amapanga mtundu wa micorelief wa tundra ndipo zimakhudza zomerazo.
M'nyengo yozizira amatha kukonza zisa pansi pa chisanu.
Lemming mink chisanu
Ndipo nyengo yakutentha iwo amapanga chisa m'dzenje.
Zomwe mandimu nthawi zambiri amaberekera
Amuna sakhala mu chisa, amasuntha nthawi zonse kukafunafuna chakudya. Akazi amakhala okhwima ali ndi miyezi iwiri ndipo amakhala ochulukirapo kotero kuti amabwera ndi zinyalala 6 pachaka. 5 mpaka 6 zidabadwa.
Kubzala kumeneku kumathandiza kuti nyamazo zikhale zochuluka kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti gawo lawo m'miyoyo yambiri okhala ku tundra ndilabwino. Ma lemoni ndi msuzi wa kabichi kwa iwo. Pali nthawi zina pamene nyama zimaswana modabwitsa - ngati carpenty fluffy amakwirira pamwamba pa tundra. Ndipo zilombo zonse zamiyendo inayi ndi zokhala ndi utoto zokha zimangodya izo. Nthawi zambiri amasakidwa ndi miyala, maula, nkhandwe, mimbulu ndipo ngakhale agulu.
Maphunziro a Lemenings
Chifukwa cha izi, ana ambiri amabadwira nyama, ndipo mbalame zimayikira mazira ambiri.
Zowonjezera za polar ndi nkhandwe za arctic panthawi yomwe pali mandimu ochepa samayamba kubereka konse.
Moyo ndi zakudya
Ziphuphu zimaswana ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Kuti izi zitheke, malo onse okhala zisautso zaudzu omwe amakhala ndi malo ambiri owonetsera malo amakonzedwa pansi pa chipale chofewa.
Amadyetsa nthawi yomweyo magawo ofewa a herbaceous zomera. Amakonda udzu komanso thonje la thonje kwambiri. Pambuyo pa nthawi yozizira, tundra yonse imakulungidwa ndi zotsalira za chomera chachilendo chovuta kuzisunga ndi zisa. Chapakatikati, mkati mwa chisanu, tundra imawoneka yoyipitsidwa ndi izi.
Amadya mandimu ambiri. Pokhala ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 70 patsiku, nyama imodzi imadya zakudya zadyedwa kawiri kulemera kwake. Kwa chaka ichi chiwerengerochi chimadzaza mpaka 50 kg.
Kuchepetsa pafupi ndi mbewa yotentha
Mu nyengo yakutentha, zimatha kuwoneka pafupipafupi. Wina nthawi zonse amathamanga pakati pamapampu. Chithunzi cha mandimu wokhala pafupi ndi mbewa chimawoneka bwino.
Ikakhala mchira wamiyendo yambiri, nyamayo mwachangu ndipo imafunsira kutsogolo kwake, ngati kuti ikufuna kuwopsa. Nthawi yomweyo, amapfuula mokweza komanso mokhumudwa.
Pofunafuna chakudya, nyama zimasamukira mtunda wautali. Amayenda okha, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo zikuwoneka kuti asochera kulowa gulu.
Amatha kuwoloka mitsinje, kudutsa malo aliwonse. Ndipo ngakhale amasambira bwino, ambiri aiwo amafera m'madzi. Ndipo pansi - pansi pa mawilo a magalimoto.
Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa mandimu kumakhala kwakukulu. Kenako, pazifukwa zosasinthika, amachoka ndikuyamba kupita kumwera, osawopa chilichonse ndikumangofira panjira. Afika kunyanjako, amathamangira m'madzi momwemo.
Kudzipha ndimu
Chithunzi choterocho "chodzipha" chochuluka chimatha kuwoneka m'mazenera a ku Norway. Asayansi sanatchulepo chomwe chimayambitsa izi. Amalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, komanso zochita ndi dzuwa, komanso zovuta mu dongosolo la neuroendocrine. Pakadali pano palibe amene wakwanitsa kupereka yankho lenileni.
Kodi mukufuna kudziwa kuti ndi nyama iti yomwe ingafe ndi njala ngati itasiya kudya kwa mphindi zosachepera zisanu? Ndiye kwa inu apa!
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