Skunk SpottedSpilogale putorius) yogawidwa ku North America (kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico kupita kumalire a Canada ku United States, omwe amapezeka ku Great Plains, komanso kumpoto - mpaka ku dziko la Pennsylvania). Ma skunks amakhala m'malo amtchire komanso malo okhala ndi udzu wautali. M'malo amiyala ndi m'chipululu, skunk ya kum'mawa imakhala malo olimidwa omwe ali ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba; sichimakonda zambiri pamadambo okhala ndi udzu wochepa.
Kufotokozera
Auricles mu chakum'mawa chowoneka skunk mitu yaying'ono, yocheperapo mbali. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumachokera pa masentimita 45 mpaka 60, kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi 15-21.5 cm, kulemera kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 200 mpaka 880 g. Thupi la malo omwe amawoneka ndiwo limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda wonenepa, mchira wake ndi wautali komanso waubweya. Mphekesera ya anal mu nyamayi imakula kwambiri, imatulutsa madzimadzi amphamvu a caustic omwe amagwira ntchito moyenera kwa onse omwe amaukira. Muli ndi valavu yapadera ya minofu yomwe imalola kuti skunk iwongolere madzimadzi kuchokera ku ndulu ndendende mpaka kukaponya. Skunk yowona ili ndi mtundu wosiyana. Mikwingwirima sikisi yoyera ikuwoneka bwino kutsogolo kwa thupi, kumbuyo kumakhala mikwingwirima iwiri yomwe imayamba m'chiuno, m'makutu komanso pamutu pali mikwingwirima ingapo. Pali malo oyera m'chiuno, ena awiri m'munsi mwa mchira, mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi ngayaye yoyera, ndipo khungu lathunthu ndi lakuda.
Khalidwe
Skunk Wakumwera Kwambiri imatsogolera dziko ndikukhala ndi moyo wausiku, wogwira ntchito chaka chonse. Amakwera mitengo ndi miyala bwino. Kuti apumule, nyamayo imakonza zothawira mumalo mwa mitengo, kukumba dzenje pansi kapena kulowa m'dzenje lina. Kupewa utoto wa skunk ndi njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku adani. Wosakwiya (wogwetsa) akuwonetsanso zowona za kusakhazikika kwake. Akakumana ndi womenyera, skunk imayimirira kutsogolo kwake ndikukweza mchira wake mmwamba, ndikuwonetsa timisempha tambiri tating'ono. Ngati chenjezo silikugwira ntchito, skunk imatulutsa madzimadzi a caustic kuchokera ku ma gland olowa m'manja mwa wotsutsa, omwe amatha kufikira pomwepo mpaka ma 4. Kugawikana kwazinsinsi za zotulutsa za skunk, kugwera m'maso, kungayambitse khungu lakhungu ndi nseru.
Kuswana
Ma Skunks Akutali Kwambiri anthu angapo amapezeka nthawi zambiri, koma sakhala ochezeka ngati lingwe lamizeremizere. Zowona, kuti nthawi yachisanu chimakhala chobisalira nthawi imodzi pamakhala anthu 8.
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa malo okhala ndi malo owonerera imagwera mu Marichi-Epulo, nthawi zambiri ntchito yachiwiri imachitika mu Julayi-Ogasiti. Kukula kwa mluza kumadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa diapusing - umuna, dzira limapuma kwa miyezi 10-11. Mimba imatenga masiku 50-65, nthawi zina mpaka miyezi inayi.
Pakubala, wamkazi skunk amakonzekeretsa khola, lomwe limabisala pansi, m'matumbo kapena m'miyala pakati pamiyala, ndikuwazunguliza ndi udzu kapena udzu. Amabereka ana awiri mpaka 9 (nthawi zambiri 4-5). Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala akhungu komanso osathandiza, olemera 9-10 g, matupi awo amakhala ndi ubweya. Maso mu makanda otseguka pamasiku 30-32. Amayi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa masiku 42-54. Achinyamata amatha kuwombera ndi zonunkhira kale ali ndi zaka 46. Akakwanitsa miyezi itatu, ana amtundu wa skunk amatha kukula ngati nyama zazikulu, amatha kutha msinkhu m'miyezi 10-11. Kutalika kwa moyo wa kakhasu owoneka m'chilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumangokhala zaka zochepa, ali mu ukapolo amakhala mpaka zaka 10.
Mafotokozedwe ambiri
Ma skunks amatha kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwo, wopangidwa ndi zingwe zoyera kapena mawanga pazithunzi zakuda. Chifukwa chake, zoluka zazingwe zimadziwika ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kumbuyo, kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira. Mitundu yowala ndi chenjezo kwa chenjezo kwa omwe angadye. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya ma skunks ndi maini onunkhira bwino, omwe amapanga chinthu cha fungo lamphamvu ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Ma skunks amatha kupopera gawo la chobisalira pamtunda wa mamita 1-6. Ma skunki onse ali ndi phokoso lolimba, mchira wofewa komanso miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi zibwano zamphamvu zosinthidwa kukumba. Aang'ono kwambiri m'banjamo ndi akhungu owoneka ( Spilogale ), unyinji wawo umachokera ku 200 g mpaka 1 kg. Nkhumba Skunk ( Conpatus ) - yayikulu kwambiri, yochuluka imafikira 4.5 kg.
Moyo
Ma Skunks amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo madera okhala ndi mitengo, zigwa, maudzu, ndi mapiri. Pewani nkhalango zowirira ndi ma mars. Muzikhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo. Monga lamulo, amakumba mabowo awo, kapena amakhala ndi mabowo a nyama zina. Zina skunk (Spilogale) Mitengo yokwera bwino.
Nyama za Skunk ndizizilombo zoyesa kudya. Nthawi zambiri amadya zakudya zam'mera, mphutsi, tizilombo ndi ma invertebrates, komanso ma vertebrates ang'ono - njoka, mbalame ndi mazira awo, makoswe. Kumpoto kwa masambawo, ma skunk akugwa amayamba kudziunjikira mafuta osungirako. M'nyengo yozizira, sikhala hibernate, koma masiku ozizira amakhala osagwira ndipo satuluka m'malo awo okhalamo, amapita kukadyetsa pokhapokha kutentha. Ma skunk over overterter okhala mumagulu amphongo amodzi ndi amuna angapo (mpaka 12); nthawi yopuma amakhala osunguluma, osakhala malo amtundu wawo. Ziwerengero za ziweto nthawi zambiri zimakhala 2-5 km² kwa akazi ndi 20 km² kwa amuna.
Nyama za Skunk zimatha kumva fungo ndi kumva, koma khungu silimawona bwino. Samasiyanitsa zinthu zomwe zili kutali kwambiri ndi 3 m.
Ntchito pa zachilengedwe
Popeza kuti ndi ochulukirapo, ma skunks amadya nyama ndi nyama zambiri, makamaka makoswe ndi tizilombo. Nawonso, sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa mitundu ina chifukwa cha kununkhira konyansa. Zingwe zazing'ono zimakonda kugwidwa ndi anyani, nkhandwe, nkhwangwa, malamba amtundu wa ku Canada, zikwangwani, ndipo nthawi zambiri, mbalame za nyama zomwe sizimatha kununkhiza ngati zimphona. Ma skunks amakhalanso ambuye onyamula ma parasites ena ndi matenda, mwachitsanzo, histoplasmosis. Komanso pakati pawo pali matenda achilengedwe. Mwambiri, ma skunks m'chilengedwe ndi ochulukirapo ndipo sakhala amtundu wotetezedwa.
Mtengo wamunthu
Adani akuluakulu a skunks ndi anthu omwe amawononga nyama izi chifukwa cha fungo lawo, komanso onyamula matenda a chiwewe komanso kuwukira nkhuku. Ma skunks ambiri amafa mwangozi pansi pa magudumu a magalimoto ndikudya nyambo yapoizoni. Nthawi yomweyo, ma skunks amabweretsa zabwino, amawononga tizilombo komanso makoswe oyipa. Skunk, makamaka yowala, ndi nyama zonyamula ubweya; zikopa zake nthawi zina zimakumbidwa, koma sizofunikira kwambiri. Ku United States, ma skunk okhala ndi zingwe nthawi zambiri amawasunga ngati ziweto, ndipo timinyewa ta fungo labwino timachichotsa. Malinga ndi omwe amakhala ku Europe, mwambo wosungitsa zikwanje zakale unachokera m'masiku a Amwenye.
Mitundu ya Skunks
Ma skunks ndi ofanana mu dongosolo la ma badger ndi choo chankhondo. Amakhalanso ndi thupi lowonda komanso miyendo yayifupi. Ponseponse, pafupifupi mitundu 13 ya ma skunk ndi osiyana.
p, blockquote 2.0,0,0,0 ->
Ganizirani mitundu yotchuka:
p, blockquote 3,0,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Miloza yopindika
p, blockquote 4,0,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Mmodzi mwa oyimira mabanja ambiri. Maganizo ake adafalikira kudera lakumwera kwa Canada komanso pakati America. Nthawi zambiri nyamayi imapezeka m'mizinda. Amakonda kukonza m'misasa yaying'ono. Amakongoletsa zigawo. Ili ndi mtundu wakuda ndi loyera kumbuyo. Pamutu pali malo oyera ndi mzere. Kulemera kwamtunduwu kumachokera pa ma kilogalamu 1.2 mpaka 5.3.
p, blockquote 5,0,0,0,0 ->
Skunk waku Mexico
p, blockquote 6.0,0,0,0,0 ->
Woimira wocheperako. Adadutsa dera la kumwera chakumadzulo kwa America. Imapezeka m'malo amiyala ndi m'chipululu. Utoto ukhoza kukhala wakuda ndi msana yoyera, wakuda ndi mikwingwirima m'mbali kapena kuphatikiza mitundu yonse iwiri. Mwambiri, ili ndi zambiri zofananira ndi mikwingwirima. Kusiyanako kuli mwa kapangidwe ka ubweya ndi kutalika kwake. Pafupi ndi mutu pali tsitsi lalitali, chifukwa chomwe ma skunk amtunduwu adamupatsa dzina loti "hood skunk".
p, blockquote 7,0,0,0,0 ->
Spotted skunk
p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 ->
Mtunduwu umaphatikiza mitundu ina 3: skunk yaying'ono, yowoneka skunk ndi skunk yocheperako. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi malo awo okhala. Ma skunk ang'ono adafalikira kuyambira pakati pa USA mpaka kum'mawa kwa Mexico. Ma skunks omwe anali ndi malo ambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi pakati pa United States. Ma dwarf skunks amakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Mexico. Mitundu yonseyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kwawo kukwera mitengo. Adakhazikitsa mabisala ake pakati pa miyala, m'maenje ndi pansi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi ubweya wofewa ndi mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi madontho.
p, blockquote 9,0,1,0,0 ->
Nkhumba Skunks
Amagwirizanitsa mitundu isanu ya mitundu yomwe imasiyana mdera. Izi zikuphatikiza:
p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 ->
- Nkhumba-skunk yomwe idakhala kumwera kwa United States ndi Nicaragua
- Skus waku East Mexico, wokhala ku Texas,
- Skunk yopanda theka yomwe imakhala kum'mwera kwa Mexico, komanso ku Peru ndi Brazil,
- South American Skus yomwe idakhala ku Bolivia, Chile ndi Argentina,
- Skumb Humboldt, yemwe amakhala ku Chile ndi Argentina.
Awa ndi ma skunk oyang'ana kwambiri omwe amatha kulemera mpaka kilogalamu 4.5. Oimira onsewa amakhala ndi tsitsi lakuda lomwe lili ndi mikwaso yoyera yakumbuyo kumbuyo ndi mchira woyera koyera kwathunthu. Ndikwabwino kuti alibe mawonekedwe azovala zoyera kumutu. Dzinalo lidapita chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mphuno, lofanana ndi nkhumba. Amakonda kudzala malo osasinthika, ndipo amapanga mabowo m'miyala.
p, blockquote 11,0,0,0,0 ->
Kodi skunk amakhala kuti?
Monga malo okhala, ma skunk amakonda malo oyandikana, pafupi ndi komwe amapezeka madzi. Kwawo kwa nyamayi kumawonedwa kuti ndi kumwera kwa Canada. Sangapezeke ku Alaska. Nthawi zambiri, chiwerengero chachikulu cha skunk chimapitilira ku Mexico, Argentina, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Peru, Bolivia, Chile ndi El Salvador.
p, blockquote 17,0,0,0,0 - ->
Amakonda kukwera mpaka 1800 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Pali zinyama komanso pamalo okwera mpaka 4,000 metres. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango komanso m'nkhalango. Kumanani pafupi ndi mizindayi. Zitsamba, malo otsetsereka ndi m'mphepete pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ndi mitsinje ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri.
p, blockquote 18,1,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 19,0,0,0,0 ->
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Ma skunk amaonedwa ngati nyama zodabwitsa. Amatha kudya nyama zazing'ono monga mbewa, agologolo, ndewu ndi akalulu ang'ono. Komanso nsomba zina ndi ma crustaceans amapezeka muzakudya zawo. Amatha kudya tizilombo komanso mphutsi. Kuchokera ku zakudya zamasamba, zitsamba ndi masamba osiyanasiyana amasankhidwa. Ngati m'dera lawo muli hazel ndi zipatso, ndiye kuti amadyanso nawo. Ngati chakudya chilipo, ndiye kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya zovunda.
p, blockquote 25,0,0,0,0 ->
Ma skunks osungidwa muukapolo amatha kulemera kwambiri kuposa abale awo. Izi ndichifukwa choti chakudya chimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Kunyumba, skunks amadyetsedwa ngati agalu. Zakudya zawo siziyenera kukhala zotsekemera kapena zamchere. Pakusintha ndikotheka kudyetsa ndi zipatso, nsomba ndi nkhuku.
p, blockquote 26,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 27,0,0,1,0 ->
Pokasaka, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito kumva ndi kununkhira. Atazindikira kuti angathe kugwirira ntchito, amayamba kukumba pansi ndikusanja miyala ndi masamba. Amagwira ndodo zazing'ono ndi nsagwada panthawi yakulumpha.
p, blockquote 28,0,0,0,0 ->
Ndizodziwikanso kuti ma skunk amakonda kwambiri uchi ndipo amatha kudya nawo limodzi ndi uchi ndi njuchi. Kwa iwo, kuluma kwa njuchi sikubweretsa nkhawa chifukwa chovala chakudyacho. Komabe, kuluma kumaso kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa.
Kubala nyengo
Yophukira mu skunks ndiye chizindikiro cha nthawi yakuyamba kubereka. Izi zimayamba mu Seputembara. Akazi amakhala okhwima akafika zaka chimodzi. Nyamazo zimadziwikanso ndi mitala. Amuna amodzi amatha kuwerengera akazi angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, champhongo sichichita nawo maphunziro a ana.
p, blockquote 30,0,0,0,0 ->
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 31. Akazi amadziwika ndi embryonic diapause, pakakhala kuchedwa pakuphatikizidwa kwa mluza kupita kumakoma. Zikatero, mimba imatenga miyezi iwiri. Monga lamulo, kuyambira 3 mpaka 10 skunk zazing'ono zimabadwa, zomwe zimalemera magalamu 22 okha. Amawoneka akhungu ndi ogontha. Amatha kupenyetsetsa patangopita milungu yochepa. Akakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, amayamba kuwombera ndi madzi ake onunkhira. Kwa miyezi iwiri, zazikazi zimadyetsa ana awo, pambuyo pake amaphunzira chakudya chawochokha. Yaikazi imakhala nthawi yachisanu yoyamba ndi ana. Pambuyo pake amakhala okonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kuchoka ku gawo la amayi awo.
p, blockquote 31,0,0,0,0 ->
Adani
Skunks sachita nawo gawo la nyama zina chifukwa chokhoza kupanga chinsinsi chonunkhira chomwe chimawopseza adani ambiri. Komabe, nyama zolusa monga lynx, nkhandwe, coyote, ndi kanyimbi zimatha kulimbana ndi ma skunk ofooka.
p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->
Pakakhala zoopsa, skunk amachenjeza omutsutsa, kutenga malo owopseza, kukweza mchira wake ndi kupondaponda mapazi ake. Ngati chiweto choopsa sichichokapo, ndiye kuti chimayamba kulira, kuyimirira m'chiuno mwake ndikuyimbanso. Chifukwa chake, nyamayi imapatsa nyama zodya zilombo mwayi kupewa mimbulu. Ngati izi sizikugwira, ndiye kuti skunk imagwira msana wake ndikuwaza chinsinsi chake chofungoza pamutu kwa chinyama choopsa. Ngati wamizidwa, mankhwalawa angayambitse khungu kwakanthawi.
p, blockquote 33,0,0,0,0 ->
Kapangidwe kazinthu zovulaza kamakhala ndi butyl mercaptan. Imadziunjikira kwa nthawi yayitali m'magazi a anus. Monga lamulo, madzi awa ndi okwanira kuwombera 6. Kukonzanso kudzatenga masiku ena angapo.
p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->
Kuphatikiza apo, ma skunks ndiye onyamula kwambiri matenda ambiri ndi majeremusi. Makamaka, zimaphatikizapo matenda otchedwa histoplasmosis. Komanso pakati pa ziphuphu zachinyengo zimakonda kupezeka.
Mdani wofunika kwambiri wa nyama zokongola'zi ndiye munthu. Anthu ambiri amasankha kuwononga ma skunk chifukwa cha fungo lomwe amafalitsa. Palinso milandu yomwe ma skunk amatha kuthana ndi nkhuku. Ma skunk ochulukirachulukira amafa pamsewu kapena akudya nyambo zapoizoni.
Gulu la Spotted Skunks / Genus Spilogale Grey, 1865
Makulidwe ake ndi ochepa. Kutalika kwa thupi 11.5-34.5 masentimita, kutalika kwam mchira kuchokera masentimita 7 mpaka 22. Kulemera 0.2 - I kg. Mutu umakhala wocheperako, wokhala ndi gawo lofupikitsa, lotupa kumapeto. Maso ndi okulirapo, iuin a kutalika kwakutali, mulifupi m'mipanda yokhala ndi nsonga zokhota. Zovala zamiyendo yakutsogolo ndizotalika pafupifupi kawiri kuposa zamiyendo yakumbuyo. Mzere wotseka ndi wofewa, wokwera thupi, wotsika pamutu. Mchirawo umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali kwambiri. Kamvekedwe kake ka khungu lanu ndi lakuda. Mbali yaku dorsal ndi mbali zake ndizingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi zazitali, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawika mizere kapena malo. Pamalo pachitseko pali malo enaake atatu. Mapeto a mchira nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera. Nipples 3-5 awiri.
Chigoba chake ndi chaching'ono, chidutswa, chosanja. Mafupa oyimba ndi mafupa amapindika.
Fomu lamano: I3 / 3 - C1 / 1 - P3 / 3 - M1 / 2 = 34.
Chiwerengero cha ma chromosome opezeka skunk ndi 64.
Kugawidwa chakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Canada, ku United States konse, kupatula kummawa ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa, Mexico ndi Central America, kumwera kupita ku Costa Rica.
Wokhala ndi tchire, ndodo, minda. Pewani nkhalango zolimba ndi malo achinyezi. Yogwira usiku. Samagona nthawi ya chisanu, nthawi yozizira samawonekera kuchokera pobisalira. Malo otchinga ndi mabowo a anthu ena, mitengo yopanda pake, malo omwe ali pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu, komanso malo ena obisika komanso owuma. Chinsinsi chopangidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso lamphamvu, ndipo ngati chikuyang'ana m'maso, chimayambitsa chidwi. Nyamayo imatha kupopera njira yotseka mpaka kutalika kwa mamilimita 3.5.M'chilimwe, amadya osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo todyedwa, nthawi zina mbalame ndi mazira, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndi masika, makamaka nyamazo (akalulu, mavuvu, makoswe, mbewa), komanso mbewu za chimanga. Chaka chonse, kaloti amadya mosavuta, nthawi zina amadya abuluzi, njoka ndi achule. Ngakhale kuti zibowo zomwe zimawona ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi, zimakwera mitengo bwino bwino. Mu zinyalala 2-6, nthawi zambiri 4-5 cubs. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 120. Kumpoto kwa madera, kutchetchera kumachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja, ndipo kubereka mwana kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, kum'mwera, mulibe nyengo yobereka. Kummwera, wamkazi amatha kukhala ndi zinyalala ziwiri pachaka chimodzi (zinyalala yachiwiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe). Mwana wakhandayo amakhala ndi kutalika (ndi mchira) wa pafupifupi 10cm komanso wamtali pafupifupi 22,5 g. Thupi limakutidwa ndi sparse, lalifupi komanso loonda. Maso ndi makutu atsekeka. Pofika masabata atatu atavala ubweya wakuda, womwe umakhala utoto wa nyama zachikulire. Ali ndi zaka 32 zakubadwa, maso otseguka ndipo ana amayamba kuwopseza. Pakupita milungu isanu ndi umodzi, tiziwalo timene timayamba kugwira ntchito. Pa miyezi 3.5 amafika kukula kwa akulu ndikupita kumoyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Habitat Ya Dwarf Spotted Skunks
Zinyama zodyerazi zimakhala m'nkhalango zowuma, mapiri, pakati pa zitsamba zazitali komanso mapiri am'mbali mwa nyanja. Ma saki akuba samakonda kupita kukakhala m'nkhalango zowirira ndi m'malo otentha. Nthawi zina ma skunk amatha kupezeka paminda yolima ndi msipu.
Skunk yamawangamawanga imayang'aniridwa ndi boma la Mexico.
Phindu ndi kuvulaza kwa ma skunk ochepa owoneka anthu
Nthawi zina anthu amasaka mabowo obisika kuti akapeze ubweya wawo. Nyama zofunazi nthawi zina zimabera nkhuku chakudya. Amanyamula matenda a chiwewe. Koma ndi othandizira paulimi, chifukwa amadya tizilombo toononga.
Zanu, njoka ndi nyama zina zolusa ndi adani achilengedwe a skunk amtunduwu.
Makina owonera skunk
Mitunduyi ili mu Buku Lapadziko Lonse Lapansi, koma ili ndi mwayi wotha kutha. Chiwopsezo cha anthu chikugwirizana ndi kuwononga malo. Kuphatikiza apo, unyinji wa ma skulki umamwalira, kugwera mumisampha yomwe anthu amawayika.
Mpaka pano, pali magulu atatu amitundu yazinthu zazing'ono:
- S. p. Intermedia live from Nayyarit to Colim,
- S. p. Anthu aku Australia amakhala ku Mexico, Michaocan, Acapulco,
- S. p. Pygmaea ndiofala kuyambira kumpoto kwa Nayyarit kupita kumwera kwa Sinaloa.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
